人人都能看懂的量子穿隧Quantum Tunneling

Quantum tunneling is an important phenomenon that explains many phenomena such as alpha decay and the workings of certain diodes. It goes against the intuition of classical physics because in quantum mechanics, particles do not have a definite position, but are described by wave functions. When passing the barrier, the wave function decays within the barrier, but is not equal to zero. This means that the particle has a certain probability of crossing the barrier to reach the other side, and also a certain probability of reflecting back. As the barrier length decreases, the probability of the particle passing through increases and the probability of reflection decreases. Although the probability of a single particle passing is small, at least some of the large number of particles will pass. Quantum tunneling plays an important role in quantum mechanics and, contrary to classical physics, makes possible some seemingly impossible phenomena.

量子隧穿是一种重要现象，解释了许多现象，如α衰变和某些二极管的工作。它违背了经典物理学的直觉，因为在量子力学中，粒子没有确定的位置，而是用波函数描述。通过势垒时，波函数在势垒内衰减，但并不等于零。这意味着粒子有一定的概率穿过势垒到达另一边，同时也有一定概率反射回来。随着势垒长度减小，粒子通过的概率增加，反射的概率减小。虽然单个粒子通过的概率很小，但大量粒子中至少有一些会通过。量子隧穿效应在量子力学中起着重要作用，与经典物理学观念不同，使得一些看似不可能的现象成为可能。