Iceland Comes From Greenland?
Scientists learn to better understand the movement of Greenland, as it was slowly pushed over the hotspot that is now located under neighboring Iceland. Nothing stands still over geologic time, and even the biggest land masses are constantly being reshaped by Earth.
Credit: Goddard Space Flight Center and Dan Gallagher, Jefferson Beck, Ernie Wright
Credit: Goddard Space Flight Center and Dan Gallagher, Jefferson Beck, Ernie Wright
Transcript
00:00 We tend to think of Earth's landmasses as being fixed in place,
00:04 but in reality, they are attached to moving tectonic plates that
00:08 constantly jostle for position and slide over the more viscous mantle beneath.
00:12 Case in point, Iceland. Volcanic eruptions
00:16 are common on this young landmass, driven by the two tectonic plates that divide it,
00:20 and by its location above a hotspot, an upwelling of magma
00:24 that protrudes from deep in the mantle up to the crust.
00:28 The hotspot fuels Iceland's eruptions today, but millions of years ago
00:32 it was situated beneath neighboring Greenland.
00:36 Now, a NASA scientist and her colleagues have used anomalies in Greenland's
00:40 crustal magnetic field to derive its geothermal heat flux.
00:44 The researchers also analyzed gravity data and other
00:48 geophysical information to effectively peer beneath Greenland's kilometers-thick
00:52 ice sheet and into the crust itself. What they found
00:56 was a thermal track in Greenland's bedrock that records the motions of a continent
01:00 over geologic time. Greenland is part of the North American
01:04 tectonic plate. For tens of millions of years, the plate's movement
01:08 pushed Greenland over the hotspot. When the hotspot emerged at the
01:12 Denmark Strait, it began raising the seafloor to form Iceland.
01:16 Today, a channel of warm bedrock marks the ancient path of the hotspot,
01:20 a reminder that nothing stands still over geologic time,
01:24 and that even the largest landmasses are constantly being reshaped
01:28 by our dynamic planet.
01:32 [music]
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