Dive into the unknown! Embark on an epic adventure to uncover the spine-chilling secrets of deep-sea monsters and their haunting world! Join us as we plunge into the mysteries beneath the waves, revealing the hidden terrors that lurk in the abyss. Get ready to be amazed and astonished by the wonders of the deep ocean!
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#brightside
Animation is created by Bright Side.
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LifestyleTranscript
00:00 In the past 30 years, scientists have made an incredible discovery of a new creature
00:05 living deep beneath the surface of the ocean.
00:08 And the name of the creature is the harp sponge.
00:11 Now if you're wondering why it took so long to come across this animal, then I might have
00:15 the answer.
00:16 These creatures typically hang out at a depth of roughly 11,100 feet beneath the ocean's
00:22 waves.
00:23 This sponge species was first discovered off the coast of California thanks to a robot
00:28 that was sturdy enough to explore those crazy depths the ocean has to offer.
00:33 This is no doubt an area of the planet where even the most benign-looking creatures can
00:37 be potentially dangerous.
00:40 But even scientists were surprised to find that this creature was more than just a sponge.
00:45 Now this might seem obvious, but the harp sponge got its name because its basic structure,
00:51 referred to as a vein, is the same shape as a harp.
00:54 Its vein is made up of a horizontal branch supporting several parallel vertical branches.
01:00 But don't let the harp sponge's fanciful and amusing appearance or its non-intimidating
01:05 name fool you.
01:06 Yeah, the harp sponge is very much a deep-sea hunter.
01:10 It has a unique ability to capture and envelop small animals using its rhizoids, short thin
01:17 fibers.
01:18 With their help, the harp sponge clings on to the soft muddy bottom and catches tiny
01:22 creatures that get swept into its branches by deep-sea currents.
01:28 Other sponge creatures often feed by pulling bacteria and bits of organic matter from the
01:32 seawater and filtering them through their bodies.
01:35 But not our harp sponge.
01:37 Instead, it snatches its future meal with miniscule barbed hooks that cover each of
01:43 the harp sponge's branches.
01:45 Now harp sponges prefer tiny crustaceans, like crabs, crayfish, shrimps, and prawns.
01:52 Since the harp sponge has one of them in its clutches, it envelops the animal in a thin
01:56 membrane before slowly beginning to digest it.
02:00 So pal, what's eating you?
02:02 Oh, Harpo?
02:03 Too bad.
02:05 Researchers believe that harp sponges use this method of feeding because there aren't
02:09 enough nutrients that deep down.
02:11 This makes traditional filter feeding less effective.
02:14 Research has shown that the creature is still in the process of evolving.
02:18 Early harp sponges researchers found only had two veins, but later, scientists discovered
02:24 other harp sponges that had six veins.
02:27 The harp sponge might've evolved this elaborate candle-holder-like structure to increase its
02:32 surface area.
02:33 In general, harp sponges typically grow up to a length of one foot, but researchers have
02:38 seen a creature that was 2 feet in length.
02:41 The harp sponge is not only very unusual, but also beautiful to look at.
02:46 See those tiny white balls on top of the branches?
02:50 Now why don't we look at some other creatures that live below the photic zone of Earth's
02:54 oceans.
02:55 The photic zone means the area beneath the ocean's surface that still receives some
03:00 sunlight.
03:01 Thanks to this, there are loads of different creatures and organisms living there.
03:05 Any animal living beyond this layer qualifies as a deep-sea creature.
03:10 The tomopterous worm is a segmented worm you can find in the twilight zone of the ocean.
03:15 This is the area that lies between 650 and 3,300 feet beneath the surface.
03:21 These creatures are often no more than 1 inch long, but the largest of them can grow up
03:26 to 1 foot.
03:27 While swimming around and feeding, these worms do what researchers describe as an amazing
03:32 smooth dance.
03:34 That's because the creatures can swim extremely quickly and maneuver at tight angles with
03:39 ease.
03:40 Now I know most people hear the word "worm" and think of the common earthworm, so it's
03:44 quite interesting to know there's a deep-sea worm out there that never leaves the water
03:49 during its entire life.
03:51 Similarly, most of us try to avoid jellyfish that either rest on the sand or sit on top
03:57 of the ocean waves.
03:58 This isn't the case with a cressoda jelly.
04:00 That's a deep-sea creature too.
04:03 This beautiful jellyfish is mostly ruby red, bright orange, or electric purple.
04:08 That's what helped researchers realize they had found a new species of jellyfish.
04:14 The creature grows to a maximum size of 1 inch across.
04:17 It has tentacles that stretch out in every direction.
04:20 Now, if you come close to this jellyfish, it'll pull all these tentacles in toward
04:24 its body before rapidly swimming away to avoid danger.
04:28 Yes, you are dangerous.
04:30 The cressoda jelly is extremely rare, you won't see it very often.
04:35 You might need to borrow that deep-sea diving robot I mentioned earlier.
04:39 While worms and jellyfish might seem quite harmless, this isn't the case with the Pacific
04:44 viperfish.
04:46 This creature is equipped with a noticeably big mouth, like me.
04:50 And the needle-like teeth inside are key to its hunting strategy.
04:54 Pacific viperfish live at around 5,000 feet below the ocean's surface.
04:59 But they're among those numerous marine animals that migrate each night from the ocean
05:04 depths toward shallower waters to dine.
05:07 What's on the menu for dinner tonight?
05:09 Hmm, lots of small fish and shrimp.
05:12 The creature can grow up to 12 inches in length.
05:15 Its two front fangs, which stick up from the fish's bottom jaw past its own eyes, are
05:20 especially dramatic.
05:22 When the fish unhinges its jaw, its mouth can open wide enough to engulf smaller animals.
05:28 And the teeth form a cage to prevent an escape.
05:31 Now, have you ever seen an underwater creature that looks like a strawberry?
05:35 Trust me, it does exist.
05:37 Just look at these dots on the strawberry squid.
05:40 The creature has a big eye and a smaller one.
05:43 You might think this unconventional pairing would be awkward and uncomfortable, but it's
05:48 actually the opposite.
05:50 The big left eye looks upward.
05:52 It spots shadows cast by other animals in the dimly lit waters above.
05:57 The eye's tupular shape helps it collect as much light as possible.
06:01 On the other side of the squid's head, you can see its right eye.
06:05 It's small and looks downward.
06:07 This eye searches for flashes of bioluminescence produced by animals lurking in the darker
06:12 waters below.
06:13 Bioluminescence means the production and emission of light by living organisms.
06:18 By the way, the squid has a nickname.
06:21 And no, it's not Squiggy.
06:23 Although that's a great one.
06:25 It's known as the cock-eyed squid.
06:27 This is simply due to the remarkable difference in size between its two eyes.
06:32 I think I like Squiggy better, and so it goes.
06:35 Since light doesn't reach the deep sea, the strawberry squid's body actually looks
06:40 black.
06:41 This helps the creature hide from enemies, such as sharks and dolphins.
06:45 In general, the strawberry squid grows to a length of 5 inches.
06:49 It typically lives around 3,000 feet below the surface but floats to shallower waters
06:54 at night.
06:55 Now, the feather star is a marine creature without a backbone, but with feather-like
07:00 arms that radiate from the center of its body.
07:04 These creatures first appeared around 200 million years ago.
07:07 Related to sea stars, they look like a flower, but if you approach them, they'll quickly
07:12 swim away.
07:14 But not all feather stars can swim.
07:16 Many species can only crawl along the bottom of the sea floor.
07:20 Like some of the other deep sea creatures we've looked at, the feather star can adapt
07:24 to its surroundings.
07:25 It has a creepy ability to shed its arms.
07:28 In the same way some lizards can shed their tails.
07:31 This also helps them escape from their enemies.
07:34 Feather stars live all across the globe, from the equator to the poles, from the shallow
07:39 waters on top of reefs to the deep, deep sea.
07:43 Now given that we're dealing with mysterious creatures, the name of this one is quite fitting.
07:48 The swift vampire squid should be the official symbol of life in the deep sea.
07:54 The animal has a dark red body, huge blue eyes, and a cloak-like web that stretches
07:59 between its eight arms.
08:01 This, along with its name, may suggest that the creature is some form of a terrifying
08:06 hunter.
08:07 In reality, though, the vampire squid is a soft-bodied, timid creature, about the size,
08:13 shape, and color of a football.
08:15 It grows to roughly 12 inches in length and lives 3,000 feet below the waves.
08:20 There's almost no oxygen there, but also relatively few predators.
08:25 Phew, I think I'll need to decompress from this one.
08:28 That's it for today!
08:31 So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your
08:35 friends!
08:36 Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!
08:40 Most of the ocean is still shrouded in mystery, whether we're talking about dark corners
08:45 or creatures that are hiding in the depths.
08:47 But sometimes, it gives us a peek into scary things it hides in its cold, dark depths.
08:53 Like, when you hear on the news that there are some deep-sea creatures washed ashore
08:57 after a powerful storm once again.
09:00 Some just look weird, while others are real monsters that live at depths of more than
09:05 3,300 feet.
09:08 The coldest and deepest parts of the ocean have created one specific phenomenon called
09:13 gigantism.
09:14 So, sea spiders, squids, worms, and many other animals, mostly invertebrates, or creatures
09:21 without backbones, they're all way bigger and scarier than the versions we see in the
09:26 more shallow areas.
09:28 In the Pacific depths, you can see a sea sponge as large as a minivan.
09:33 Or what about the colossal squid that lives in sub-Antarctic waters and is nearly 14 times
09:39 longer than the arrow squid, a type that mostly lives in New Zealand?
09:45 Researchers found many of these underwater monsters in the abyssal zone of the ocean.
09:49 Back in 2021, the researchers showed images of the giant phantom jelly.
09:54 It was at a depth of 3,200 feet.
09:57 Its tentacles were 33 feet long.
10:00 Wow, I wouldn't like to face that one on the beach.
10:04 It probably eats only small fish and plankton, but it can swim to depths of more than 21,900
10:11 feet.
10:12 And down there, this giant jelly doesn't have enough food.
10:16 How does it survive then?
10:18 Scientists haven't figured it out yet.
10:21 And there are even more questions related to the giant squid, the biggest one ever found.
10:27 This monster is 43 feet long with a weight of nearly a ton.
10:32 Imagine if those tentacles would grab your car or something like that.
10:36 They would smash it like it was a toy.
10:39 There's no light in the abyssal zone.
10:42 Sunrays just can't penetrate that deep.
10:44 So there's no algae or underwater plants there.
10:48 Local animals mostly eat snow.
10:51 Marine snow is not like the regular one you build a snowman with.
10:55 It consists of any small flakes or remains that fall from the surface of the ocean.
11:01 Maybe even some leftovers that animals up there couldn't eat.
11:04 So it's not much, but apparently, it's enough for very large creatures that hide deep down
11:10 there, like giant squids.
11:14 Squids that generally live at such depths don't bother going after their prey.
11:18 They just wait until the poor animal swims right up to their long tentacles and falls
11:22 into a trap.
11:24 It may not be the best method ever because not many animals will even swim into these
11:28 dark cold parts.
11:30 But it's the method that saves energy.
11:33 A giant squid eats only one ounce of fish daily, which is approximately 45 calories.
11:39 That's nearly 50 times fewer calories than an average person should eat per day.
11:44 So when a squid gets one fish, it saves it for a couple of days.
11:50 I hope giant squids won't get the idea to go to the surface and look for food when there's
11:54 not enough of it in the abyssal zone.
11:56 And I hope even more that giant Greenland sharks won't get that same idea.
12:02 You can find them at depths of up to 7,200 feet.
12:06 They're twice as slow as we usually walk.
12:09 They swim at a speed of 1.12 feet per second.
12:13 Their slowness is part of the energy-saving mechanism that creatures down there need to
12:17 survive.
12:18 But they can speed up in the form of short bursts when they need to catch prey.
12:23 But they kinda change their diet from predator to scavenger, considering their environment.
12:28 There will be more leftovers falling from the surface than animals to go after.
12:34 Greenland sharks grow just 0.4 inches per year.
12:38 And they're mostly 20 feet long, which means they live for a very long time, sometimes
12:43 up to 400 years.
12:45 They also have a slow metabolism, and that's one of the main factors for their long life,
12:51 too.
12:52 Greenland sharks like to spend their time in cold waters.
12:55 They're adapted to that, since their tissues have specific chemical compounds that prevent
13:00 the forming of ice crystals all over their body.
13:03 That means they have some sort of natural antifreeze.
13:08 So what makes them so big?
13:11 Scientists are still not sure, but some theories try to explain it.
13:15 There's this thing called Kluiber's rule that says bigger animals tend to be more efficient.
13:21 Just take a small fish and compare it to a whale, with a mass hundreds of times bigger.
13:26 The whale has a greater metabolism, it conserves energy more efficiently, and loses less of
13:31 it to the surroundings through heat.
13:34 Moving on, bigger animals can ingest bigger prey.
13:38 They're more likely to go through tough issues in their environment or defend themselves
13:42 from predators going after them.
13:44 Also, the body gets bigger when temperatures are lower.
13:48 The Greenland shark is a perfect example.
13:50 So are giant sea spiders.
13:53 Sea spiders are generally common, and you find some very small ones at 0.04 inches.
14:00 But in deeper parts of the Antarctic, they become 3-foot-long giants.
14:05 They grow so big because the cold water has more oxygen.
14:08 That way, more of it diffuses into the animal's body, and that allows it to grow bigger.
14:13 Yeah, both as a creature and a nightmare.
14:18 And how about this giant tube worm?
14:21 Researchers found it accidentally while they were exploring the mysteries of the Pacific
14:24 Ocean floor.
14:25 They stumbled upon unusual hydrothermal vents.
14:29 Volcanic heat is a thing that gets them going.
14:32 As water seeps down through faults or cracks in the rock, these vents change their direction.
14:37 When the water gets out of the vent, it's rich in different minerals and chemicals.
14:42 Most animals wouldn't survive being around this toxic soup of chemicals, but not these
14:47 tube worms.
14:53 They came as a true surprise, because not only are they not bothered by these toxic
14:58 vents and the almost boiling temperature of the water, but they developed entire ecosystems
15:03 there.
15:04 They're unique because they don't need sunlight to survive.
15:07 Instead, small bacteria are their main source of energy.
15:11 That bacteria gets their energy directly from these toxic chemicals.
15:15 So it's not photosynthesis, but a process called chemosynthesis.
15:20 And these tube worms don't have mouths.
15:23 These bacteria live inside them.
15:25 Strange story, huh?
15:27 Plus, these scary worms reach up to 8 feet.
15:32 Giant isopods are no better either.
15:34 They lurk at the depths of the ocean of 1,640 feet or more below, far away from the sunlight,
15:42 looking like some monstrous wood lice.
15:44 They spend most of their time on the seabed, hoping to find some food falling from higher
15:49 levels of the ocean.
15:51 Check out their small hooked claws at the ends of their legs.
15:55 Isopods use them to remain more stable while moving around the ocean floor.
16:00 Since there's no light, they have long antennae that help them feel their way around.
16:05 These sensory antennas are about half the length of their body.
16:09 Giant isopods have pretty big eyes compared to their body size, too.
16:13 They can grow over 12 inches from head to tail.
16:17 And these fellas are really patient.
16:19 Remember how we said animals down there rarely get food?
16:23 Sometimes they need to wait for years to get a proper meal.
16:26 That's why their metabolism is amazingly slow.
16:32 They can go for five years without eating anything.
16:36 Imagine that.
16:37 I get hungry just talking about this.
16:39 In 2006, a biologist did research to compare the differences between the shallows and the
16:45 deep sea regions.
16:47 He realized the deep sea mirrors the island rule.
16:51 First, isolated parts of land develop biodiversity you won't find anywhere else.
16:56 Second, small-bodied life there grows much bigger when it's isolated, compared to life
17:01 on large land masses.
17:04 Resources are limited, but also competition and predators.
17:09 And we don't know much about these deep sea creatures.
17:12 It's too expensive and too complicated to carry out such research.
17:16 So we'll just wait for more raging storms to show us at least part of the monstrous
17:21 world cold ocean depths hide.
17:41 And now, let's move on to the next animal.
18:01 The Vampire Squid.
18:04 Its species name is Vampirotuthis infernalis, which translates to "vampire squid from hell."
18:10 Oh yes, this vampire squid means to terrify everyone with its name.
18:15 Its dark red color, its spikes at the bottom, and the scary fact that it can basically turn
18:21 itself inside out.
18:23 The vampire squid loves putting on a good show, but it's as harmless as a kitten is
18:28 to humans.
18:29 It's as if Dracula scared the pants off you, but he didn't have blood-sucking fangs.
18:34 The vampire squid feeds on food particles from plants and animal matter floating near
18:39 the ocean's surface.
18:40 Since they're not predators, they need good defensive strategies, and their vampiric
18:44 look is designed to ward off large creatures who want to eat them.
18:49 Turning themselves inside out is a defensive mechanism since the spiky areas in the inner
18:53 skin are more intimidating.
18:56 They also shoot out a substance that does not have color, but is packed with bioluminescent
19:01 particles to distract predators.
19:05 The Vaquita.
19:06 Going out on a boat off the coast of Mexico sounds like the perfect vacation.
19:11 The sun, the blue water, the most endangered sea creature… wait, what?
19:16 The Vaquita isn't dangerous, but don't expect it to stick around to say hello or
19:20 sign any autographs.
19:22 It's incredibly shy.
19:24 This little cow, that's what it means in Spanish, is one tiny sea mammal.
19:28 With those black markings around its eyes, it looks more like a sea panda to me.
19:33 Seeing one should make you feel very special.
19:35 They're on the brink of extinction, mostly because they get caught by accident in fishing
19:40 nets.
19:41 It's estimated that there's only 10 left in the wild.
19:45 The Blue Dragon.
19:47 This little creature looks like something out of a kid's fantasy movie.
19:50 It's called the Blue Glaucus, casually referred to as the Blue Dragon or Blue Angel.
19:56 It can be found in many places, the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
20:01 It's kind of a mollusk and it only grows to be about an inch long.
20:05 What you think is the back is actually the mollusk's bright underbelly.
20:09 It regularly floats on its back so that its blue colors help it camouflage with the water's
20:14 waves.
20:15 The Blue Dragon isn't just pretty, it's also smart.
20:18 It usually feasts on Portuguese man-o-wars, also known as Fisalia fisalis.
20:24 The Blue Dragon stores their stinging cells for later use, in essence, stealing their
20:29 defensive mechanisms.
20:30 When the Blue Dragon is threatened, it releases those stinging cells it's stored.
20:35 Directing them at an enemy to sting them with more power than the Portuguese man-o-war would
20:39 have been capable of.
20:41 As they can store a huge amount of stinging cells, they can be a threat to humans.
20:45 So if you find one, don't pick it up.
20:48 It's best to admire it from a distance.
20:50 The Barreleye Fish.
20:52 If you ever wanted to have Superman's X-ray vision, looking at the Barreleye Fish will
20:57 make you feel like you gained that superpower at some point in your life without even realizing
21:01 it.
21:02 The Barreleye has a transparent head so you can see how their eyes and brain look inside.
21:07 This magnificent creature lives in the deep sea.
21:11 This is the lowest level of the ocean, where strange creatures roam in near freezing temperatures
21:16 and constant darkness.
21:19 They're exposed to water's pressure that's almost 1,000 times that of the surface.
21:24 If the idea of the deep sea sends a shiver down your spine, stay tuned to learn about
21:28 another of its creatures later on.
21:31 The Barreleye Fish can be found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
21:36 You might be wondering, "Why, oh why would a fish have a see-through head?"
21:40 And that would be a fair question.
21:42 Since the species was discovered in 1939, it was believed that the fish's eyes were
21:46 set to see straight ahead and couldn't move.
21:49 So it was assumed that they had tunnel vision.
21:52 Scientists Bruce Robinson and Kim Riesenbichler from the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute
21:58 recently discovered that the fish can move its eyes vertically to see through the top
22:02 of its translucent head, thus noticing if there are predators or prey nearby.
22:07 The transparent head also allows more light to enter so they can detect prey better.
22:12 It's believed that the Barreleye fish eats jellyfish and small fish species.
22:18 If you dive in the ocean at night, you might be lucky enough to see how orange ball coralimorph
22:23 blooms in the dark.
22:25 But make sure to be quick because as soon as you turn on your flashlight to take a good
22:29 look, it will retract its tubes back into itself.
22:33 The Megalodon The whale shark isn't the biggest shark known
22:37 to humans.
22:38 If the entire shark species were a kingdom, the prehistoric Megalodon would be the ruler
22:42 of the sea.
22:44 The Megalodon roamed the ocean a long time ago, oh about 15.9 to 2.6 million years back
22:50 between the early Miocene and late Pliocene eras.
22:54 While they've long been extinct, people are still amazed to learn about these gigantic
22:57 sea beasts.
22:59 Megalodon could reach anywhere between 45 feet to 60 feet in length with jaws more than
23:04 6 feet wide.
23:05 A fossil of a tooth that once belonged to a Megalodon measured at 7 inches.
23:11 All this to say, I'm pretty stoked that these guys have long been extinct.
23:15 But there's still some adventurers out there hoping to meet this monster one day.
23:20 The Dumbo Octopus This adorable creature or creepy creature,
23:25 or however you want to see it, is officially called Grampotiuthis.
23:29 More casually, it's referred to as the Dumbo Octopus named after the Disney character.
23:34 Though Dumbo, the elephant, not the octopus, was teased for his big ears, it's highly
23:40 unlikely that this adorable octopus gets teased by its water neighbors.
23:44 They are the deepest living octopuses, living in the deep sea.
23:48 And you know how scary that place is.
23:50 They're only about 8 inches tall, and spend their days hovering just above the sea floor
23:55 eating snails, worms, and other food they find in the current or near ocean vents.
24:00 There are nearly 17 species of Dumbo Octopus, and they all have differences in height, color,
24:06 and body parts.
24:07 If you can't get enough strange animals, you'll be glad to learn that the deep sea
24:11 has barely been explored by humans.
24:13 So keep an eye out, there are bound to be more fascinating animals discovered in the
24:18 deep in the future.
24:20 The Sea Angel These creatures might look and sound pretty
24:24 cute, but their diet is far from sunshine and lollipops.
24:28 Their favorite food are sea butterflies.
24:30 They lay mucus traps for them and wait in ambush.
24:34 The Squat Anemone Shrimp This shrimp is tiny, only 0.5 inches.
24:40 It's also known as a dancer shrimp because of its peculiar behavior.
24:44 When agitated, it raises its bottom above its head and does a little dance.
24:49 Divers also say it readily jumps on their hands and cleans them.
24:54 The Coconut Crab This guy may look pretty creepy, especially
24:58 when the sun goes down.
25:00 Mature coconut crabs are around 3 feet in length.
25:03 Their preferred foods are coconuts, but they can also hunt down lizards and even large
25:08 birds.
25:10 The Slender Snipe Eel Slender snipe eel is a slim and long creature
25:15 that's still a mystery for marine scientists.
25:18 It's 4 feet long and it has at least 750 bones in its spine, which is much more than any
25:24 other animal in the world.
25:26 The Sea Pen Sea pen is 7 feet long and it has a lot of
25:30 varieties, but most of them look indeed like a pen or a quill.
25:35 The similarity is even more striking when the animal has a water-filled bulb that anchors
25:39 it to the floor.
25:42 The Persian Carpet Flatworm This creature looks indeed like a carpet,
25:46 despite being very small by comparison.
25:49 It's only 4 inches long, able to become both male and female.
25:53 It doesn't really mate with other flatworms.
25:55 Rather, it fights them for the right to bear posterity.
25:59 The Flamingo Tongue Sea Snails Tourists love these extraordinary snails for
26:03 their pretty colors.
26:05 Thinking it's a shell, but in fact, the shell is quite dull and hidden underneath colorful
26:10 soft tissues.
26:11 They eat softer, toxic parts of corals and store their toxins to protect themselves.
26:16 (upbeat music)