Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Kementerian Keuangan mencatat realisasi penerimaan pajak dari sektor usaha ekonomi digital mencapai Rp23,04 triliun per 31 Maret 2024. Jumlah penerimaan pajak dari sektor usaha ekonomi digital tersebut naik sekitar Rp86 miliar jika dibandingkan dengan bulan Februari 2024 yang tercatat Rp22,18 triliun.
Jumlah tersebut berasal dari pemungutan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PMSE) sebesar Rp18,74 triliun, Kripto Rp580,2 miliar, Fintech P2P Lending Rp1,95 triliun dan pajak yang dipungut oleh pihak lain atas transaksi pengadaan barang dan/atau jasa melalui Sistem Informasi Pengadaan Pemerintah (SIPP) sebesar Rp1,77 triliun
Jumlah tersebut berasal dari pemungutan Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik (PMSE) sebesar Rp18,74 triliun, Kripto Rp580,2 miliar, Fintech P2P Lending Rp1,95 triliun dan pajak yang dipungut oleh pihak lain atas transaksi pengadaan barang dan/atau jasa melalui Sistem Informasi Pengadaan Pemerintah (SIPP) sebesar Rp1,77 triliun
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TVTranscript
00:00 [Music]
00:14 Hello viewers, how are you today?
00:17 Live from the IDX channel Jakarta, we meet again in the Market Review program
00:21 with me, Prasit Tiwibo, who will discuss the issues of the Indonesian economic movement
00:25 and this time we will discuss the tax sector
00:29 especially Indonesia's digital economy growth of 23 trillion per March 2024
00:35 Let's start the complete market review
00:38 [Music]
00:45 Yes, viewers, the government has managed to win the state's acceptance of the digital economy business sector
00:50 which reached 23.04 trillion rupiah
00:54 and the tax receipt comes from trading through electronic, crypto, fintech, peer-to-peer lending, and government information system
01:05 [Music]
01:08 The Tax Ministerial General Record of Tax Receipt from the digital economy business sector
01:14 reached 23.04 trillion rupiah per 31 March 2024
01:19 The amount of tax revenue from the digital economy business sector rose by around 86 billion rupiah compared to February 2024
01:27 which was recorded as 22.18 trillion rupiah
01:30 The amount comes from the first tax collection of value or trading ppn
01:35 through electronic or pmsc system as large as 18.74 trillion rupiah
01:40 crypto as large as 580.2 billion rupiah
01:42 fintech peer-to-peer lending 1.95 trillion rupiah and tax collected by other parties
01:47 on the transaction of goods and services through the information system of the government's 1.77 trillion rupiah
01:54 That's from July 1, 2020, the use of goods does not exist or services from Indonesia
02:00 In Indonesia, trading using electronic or pmsc system
02:03 using additional tax or ppn
02:06 There are parties that use ppn on goods transactions that do not exist or foreign services
02:10 are pmsc business actors referred to by the finance minister
02:14 Meanwhile, the government has organized a digital transformation in 2024
02:19 where the digital economy growth is targeted to reach 3.17% to 4.66%
02:25 From Jakarta, IDX Jenu coverage team
02:27 Yes, the chairman of the committee to discuss our topic today
02:34 Indonesia's profit from the digital economy of 23.04 trillion rupiah
02:39 has been connected through Zoom with Mr. Ruben Hutabarat
02:42 He is the director executive of CITA. Good morning, Mr. Ruben
02:46 Good morning, Mr. Pras
02:48 Good morning, sir
02:50 How are you, Mr. Pras?
02:52 I'm fine, thank you for the opportunity
02:54 It's interesting if the digital economy development
02:57 was quite a lot of money that can be earned from our tax
03:01 But before that, Mr. Ruben, a review from CITA's own glasses
03:05 related to the development of the digital economy in the water
03:08 How is it? How is the level of iteration and digital finance inclusion at the moment?
03:14 So, the digital economy development in the water
03:20 according to our data, of course, cannot be separated from
03:25 how many Indonesian people can access the internet
03:35 Because the digital economy is supported by transactions through the internet
03:43 If we look at it, actually, until 2022-2023, the number of Indonesian residents
03:52 who can access the internet, from various kinds of activities
03:57 such as taking a mobile phone, laptop, etc.
04:02 is up to 87% of Indonesian residents who have access to the internet
04:08 Most of them can access the internet at a productive age
04:14 from the age of 19 to 25 years and above
04:20 So, if we look at the number of Indonesian people who can access the internet
04:27 it should also affect the community who can make transactions through e-commerce
04:37 because they can access the internet.
04:39 So, if we look at the potential, the potential is at least 87% of 250 million Indonesian residents
04:51 It can be imagined. It's a very big market.
04:55 So, it's not surprising to see that the digital economy is finally supported by e-commerce growth
05:09 which is already a trend, it has become a habit for the people who can access the internet
05:19 to make transactions through e-commerce, big e-commerce in general
05:23 and the phenomenon that emerged after e-commerce is fintech.
05:28 Fintech, where financial transactions, whether through payment or loan, can be done digitally.
05:39 And we see that e-commerce is following the growth of fintech
05:46 but the big problem is that when there is a new industry,
05:54 it will need to be regulated to reach the ideal position
06:04 how the regulation can be added, but also create protection for the consumer.
06:14 Then, we see that start-ups have also started to develop since the last 10 years.
06:23 Indonesian start-ups are also included in the unicorn line in Southeast Asia.
06:31 So, in a broad sense, we see the development of the Indonesian digital economy
06:38 which is supported by the majority of the people who can access the internet.
06:42 The development of our digital economy is also accompanied by digitalization
06:48 which is almost all over the country.
06:51 Does this currency correlate with the country's reception?
06:55 It seems that if we look at March 31, the government recorded a reception
06:59 from the digital economy sector of 23 trillion.
07:02 Does this mean that it is in accordance with the development of the digital economy
07:06 or can it still be optimized?
07:09 - If we look at it, actually, 23 trillion is still not optimal.
07:15 The tax potential that can be drawn from trading through the electronic system
07:24 must be much greater than what we receive now.
07:29 Why is my opinion like that?
07:34 Because we also see that trading through the electronic system
07:40 which facilitates e-commerce is quite large,
07:51 around 420 trillion.
07:54 But the tax received is only that much, around 20 trillion.
08:01 Even though if we only get 400 trillion,
08:05 if the PPM is 11%, it's almost 50 trillion more.
08:11 But until now, the government has not yet re-arranged the rules
08:20 on how to fund the transactions that occur in the e-commerce platforms
08:30 so that we can see that many transactions
08:37 have not yet been captured by the tax potential.
08:40 So, we are not surprised that the amount received is still smaller than the actual potential.
08:48 - Okay. So, it can still be optimized.
08:51 So, can the digital economy be a new source of reception?
08:55 In the midst of the euphoria of the windfall commodity in the past,
08:59 coal, minerals, and CPU.
09:01 Hold on to the answer, we will be back in a moment.
09:03 And we will be back soon after the next segment.
09:06 Thank you for joining us in Market Review.
09:18 In the next segment, we will present data related to tax sources from the digital economy.
09:22 This is data for March 2024.
09:24 As you can see, there is PMSA, 18.74 trillion,
09:29 then Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending 1.95 trillion,
09:33 SIPP 1.77 trillion, and crypto 580.2 billion rupiah.
09:39 And if we divide it for the PPN,
09:41 PMSA March 2024, the trend is from 2020 to 2024.
09:48 We will see together.
09:53 Okay.
09:54 In 2020, 0.73 trillion,
09:56 then in 2021, it became 3.9 trillion,
10:00 in 2022, 5.51 trillion,
10:03 and in 2023, 6.76 trillion rupiah.
10:06 The trend for the tax balance from the PPN,
10:09 PMSA, is constantly increasing.
10:12 And next, we will discuss the PPN and PPH sector
10:19 for Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending.
10:22 In 2022, it was recorded at around 446.4 billion rupiah,
10:26 then in 2023, it increased to 1.11 trillion,
10:31 and in March 2024, it reached 394.9 billion rupiah.
10:36 Not much different for Fintech Peer-to-Peer Lending.
10:39 Next, from the PPN Crypto,
10:43 in 2023, it was recorded at 246.46 billion rupiah,
10:50 then in 2022, it reached 220.8 billion rupiah,
10:55 and in March, it reached 112.93 trillion rupiah.
11:00 That's it for the movement from the tax balance from the crypto.
11:07 Next, for the SIPP,
11:10 from around 402.38 trillion rupiah,
11:13 it became 1.11 trillion rupiah.
11:17 Okay.
11:19 Those are some data related to tax receipt from the digital economy.
11:23 We will continue our discussion with Mr. Ruben Huta Barat,
11:26 Director Executive, Center for Indonesia Taxation Analysis.
11:31 Mr. Ruben, we will continue from the data that has been presented.
11:36 Is it true that the government has found a new source of revenue
11:47 by easing the windfall commodity that happened a few years ago?
11:54 Yes. Indeed, the digital economy can be a new source of revenue,
12:02 but we have to remember that it can't be the basis of budget revenue.
12:06 So, the tax on trading through the electronic system
12:10 has been prohibited since the Omnibus Law,
12:15 where the government can actually impose tax on the PPN,
12:19 or PPH for tax subjects located abroad,
12:24 but receive income in Indonesia.
12:27 Even until now, the Indonesian government has only imposed tax on the PPN.
12:33 Whereas in the law, there is actually a rule
12:37 that gives the government the right to impose tax on these foreign tax subjects
12:46 who receive income in Indonesia,
12:48 even though they don't have a physical presence in Indonesia.
12:57 However, this provision has not yet been implemented by the government.
13:00 So, as far as we understand,
13:03 the government also needs a global consensus on the tax on income
13:09 received by these over-the-top companies.
13:14 So, in the case of the PPN,
13:16 the source of revenue has been successfully collected by the government,
13:20 but the government is how to implement the provisions in the law
13:26 that has given the government the right to impose tax on income
13:31 of tax subjects who actually receive income in Indonesia,
13:36 even though they don't have a physical presence in Indonesia.
13:40 That is the source of revenue that has not yet been implemented.
13:43 Okay.
13:44 So, yes.
13:46 So, can we still chase them?
13:49 In the sense that those who get income
13:53 do business activities in Indonesia,
13:55 but they don't have a home in Indonesia,
13:57 so we can chase them for their income tax?
14:00 The law is already there.
14:02 The provision is what gives the government the right to do so.
14:05 So, if it can be said that it can be chased,
14:08 or not, it can be chased.
14:10 Indeed.
14:10 But in the past few occasions,
14:12 the Minister of Finance said that he was waiting for a global consensus.
14:16 The question is, how long do we have to wait for this global consensus?
14:20 Okay.
14:21 For the global consensus,
14:22 how to impose this over-the-top business
14:25 on the income received in Indonesia.
14:28 So, in 2 years, I think it's been quite a long time
14:31 for us to wait for a global consensus.
14:34 No matter what, there are laws that have given you that right.
14:38 Don't let these laws become like a piggy bank
14:41 because it's not implemented.
14:43 That's it.
14:44 Now, is it also the Raihan Danasega from the PPN or PPH group?
14:48 As mentioned earlier,
14:50 from Kinerja, there are 167 businessmen,
14:54 PMSE, who are shown as PPN leaders.
14:57 Or is there another factor?
14:59 But hold on.
15:00 We will discuss the answer in a moment.
15:01 And Mr. Mirsa, stay with us.
15:04 Okay, Mr. Mirsa.
15:12 Our conversation with Mr. Ruben Huta Barati,
15:16 the Executive Director of CITA, is getting more interesting.
15:17 We will continue, Mr. Ruben.
15:19 Is it true?
15:20 No, because it's true.
15:21 Kinerja, from PPN,
15:23 there are 167 businessmen, PMSE,
15:26 who are shown as PPN leaders.
15:28 Or is there another factor?
15:30 So, there are total donors for the digital economy,
15:35 around 20 trillion rupiah per month.
15:38 Yes, it's true.
15:42 It's purely Kinerja from PSME,
15:48 who are shown as PPN leaders.
15:50 It's PMSE, who don't have physical presence in Indonesia,
15:57 but they have a pro-economic in Indonesia.
16:01 So, since the Omnibus Law,
16:04 the government has given the right to place
16:09 tax subjects abroad as PPN leaders.
16:15 It's purely PPN from PMSE.
16:21 So, it doesn't include PPN
16:27 which comes from transactions
16:29 with transactions that occur
16:31 in the electronic trading platform
16:35 in the country.
16:37 Because in the past, the rules were issued
16:40 that the platform provider company
16:43 was shown as a PPN leader,
16:44 but then it was canceled.
16:47 So, the PPN leadership
16:50 on the transactions that occur
16:51 on the electronic trading platform
16:55 is still done conventionally.
16:58 So, there are many leaks at that time.
17:02 So, actually, this number is still from
17:05 the electronic trading PPN number.
17:07 It's still from the PNSE businessmen
17:11 who are shown as PPN leaders.
17:12 But if we look at the efforts to pursue it,
17:18 the challenge is, as you said,
17:20 there is a global consensus
17:22 that is being expected.
17:24 So, which part is more global?
17:27 Then, are they from global tax institutions?
17:31 Or what is it like, sir?
17:32 So, we are, what is it called,
17:36 Indonesia has maintained
17:40 a multilateral instrument
17:42 that regulates how to finance
17:46 companies that are not physically present in Indonesia,
17:51 but still have income in Indonesia.
17:53 Although the instrument is not yet effective.
17:59 But on the one hand,
18:01 Indonesia already has its own laws
18:03 that can finance it.
18:05 We can understand that the government
18:10 is waiting for a global consensus
18:11 based on the case
18:16 where a country unilaterally
18:19 regulates the income of a company
18:23 even though it does not have physical presence in the country
18:27 which results in retaliation
18:30 from the country where the company is domiciled.
18:36 But of course,
18:40 those things cannot be the only consideration,
18:46 so it results in the determination
18:49 in the laws of Indonesia itself
18:51 cannot be implemented.
18:53 Okay. Now, the potential of tax deductions
18:55 from other digital economic sources,
18:57 such as crypto, peer-to-peer lending,
19:00 fintech, and peer-to-peer lending,
19:01 how do you see it?
19:02 Can it still be developed
19:04 or can it be explored further?
19:06 So, if it's about crypto trading
19:13 and peer-to-peer lending,
19:14 actually, because the trading is electronically
19:20 facilitated by the company
19:23 that has been shown as a bearer,
19:25 so the potential of the leaks
19:28 can be minimized.
19:30 So, the question is,
19:34 the potential of tax deductions
19:35 is not from closing the leaks,
19:37 but rather how to develop the market potential
19:41 of crypto and peer-to-peer lending.
19:43 What we see is actually
19:44 peer-to-peer lending
19:48 that has the opportunity to experience
19:51 a greater growth.
19:53 Because the access of Indonesian people
19:57 to the banking itself
19:58 is actually not that big.
20:00 So, with the existence of peer-to-peer lending,
20:04 it should also be able to expand
20:07 the access of the people to lending
20:12 more easily,
20:14 even though the people
20:17 must be protected
20:19 with clear rules,
20:21 so that they don't become victims
20:23 of unhealthy peer-to-peer lending practices.
20:27 So, if peer-to-peer lending can be developed,
20:30 the potential for growth is high,
20:34 and the potential of tax deductions
20:36 from peer-to-peer lending
20:37 is still quite large.
20:40 Okay, so there are still many potentials
20:42 that can be explored by the government.
20:44 We'll just have to wait for the action,
20:46 the courage of the government to take action.
20:48 Because in fact, the law is already there,
20:50 Mr. Ruben,
20:51 we just need to implement it.
20:53 Is this also in line with the previous policy
20:55 that the PPN rate from the government
20:58 is 11%
20:59 so that it pushes the acceptance
21:01 for the digital economy?
21:03 Well, if we look at it,
21:06 the acceptance of the project
21:08 has increased since the development of the industry.
21:11 The nature is extensification.
21:14 If the increase of the PPN rate
21:18 is an effort to intensify
21:20 the activities of the government,
21:21 these are two different things, actually.
21:23 They are not mutually supportive,
21:28 or they are not mutually supportive.
21:30 But if we look at the increase
21:33 of the PPN rate
21:35 in 2021,
21:39 from 10% to 11%,
21:44 there is an increase of about 10%.
21:47 However, in fact,
21:50 the increase in PPN acceptance itself
21:53 in that year was not up to 10%,
21:57 only 7%.
21:58 What should be remembered is that
22:00 the GDP of Indonesia itself
22:02 increased by 5% in that year.
22:04 So, the increase of the rate by 10%
22:07 does not necessarily increase the PPN acceptance rate
22:11 for the government by 10%.
22:13 If the growth factor is 5%,
22:17 it is more or less,
22:18 simply,
22:19 only 2%.
22:21 - Okay.
22:22 - The PPN acceptance rate is still problematic
22:27 because there are many leaks,
22:28 transactions that failed to capture the PPN,
22:33 even the use of tax factors that are not appropriate.
22:37 So, in my opinion,
22:39 if the rate of PPN acceptance rate increases by 12% in 2025,
22:43 I see that it will not happen,
22:47 like in 2021,
22:48 we do not expect our acceptance rate
22:51 to increase by 10%.
22:53 That's it.
22:54 - Okay. What is your own optimism
22:55 for the growth of the digital economy?
22:58 When it grows, it's about 3.17% to 4.66%.
23:03 - Yes.
23:04 If you look at the number of Indonesians
23:07 who access the internet,
23:08 it's 87%.
23:10 In addition to the efforts of the government
23:12 to make internet access equal,
23:14 - Okay.
23:15 - and increase the BTS-BTS in the outside regions,
23:18 the digital economy market must still grow,
23:25 the potential is quite large.
23:27 With a growth of 3-4%,
23:32 in our opinion, it is very easy to achieve.
23:38 - Moderate, right?
23:39 - Yes.
23:40 - The target of the Indonesian government.
23:40 Okay. Mr. Ruben, thank you very much for your time, sharing,
23:43 and also for the analysis that you have presented,
23:44 that the digital economy is expected to be a new source of acceptance for the country,
23:51 but there is another exercise that needs to be strengthened.
23:55 Thank you.
23:56 - Thank you, Mas. - Congratulations on your return.
23:58 - Thank you. - Goodbye.
23:59 - Goodbye. - Goodbye.
24:00 (Music)
24:04 [BLANK_AUDIO]