Indonesia Emas 2045, sebuah visi ambisius yang menggambarkan Indonesia sebagai negara maju, berkembang, dan mandiri secara ekonomi, sosial, dan politik. Dalam mencapai visi ini, peran strategis Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) serta koperasi menjadi krusial. Sebagai tulang punggung perekonomian bangsa, UMKM dan koperasi memiliki peran yang tak tergantikan dalam mewujudkan cita-cita Indonesia Emas 2045.
Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah mengaku target Indonesia menuju Indonesia Maju pada tahun 2045 adalah target yang berat. Ambisi Indonesia Maju 2045 ini sebelumnya ditetapkan setelah RI ditetapkan menjadi negara berpenghasilan menengah atas atau upper middle income country oleh Bank Dunia pada 1 Juli 2023. Untuk bisa naik lagi menjadi negara berpendapatan tinggi alias negara maju, pendapatan per kapita Indonesia harus naik tiga kali lipat.
Staf Ahli Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (Menkop UKM) Muhammad Riza Damanik mengatakan saat ini pendapatan perkapita RI rata-rata sekitar US$4.191 atau sekitar Rp75 juta per tahun. Sebab, jika menilik struktur pelaku usaha di Indonesia saat ini, sebagian besar adalah usaha mikro 99,62%. Pelaku usaha mikro sendiri seringkali disebut dengan survival economy, sebab lebih rentan terhadap perubahan.
Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah mengaku target Indonesia menuju Indonesia Maju pada tahun 2045 adalah target yang berat. Ambisi Indonesia Maju 2045 ini sebelumnya ditetapkan setelah RI ditetapkan menjadi negara berpenghasilan menengah atas atau upper middle income country oleh Bank Dunia pada 1 Juli 2023. Untuk bisa naik lagi menjadi negara berpendapatan tinggi alias negara maju, pendapatan per kapita Indonesia harus naik tiga kali lipat.
Staf Ahli Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (Menkop UKM) Muhammad Riza Damanik mengatakan saat ini pendapatan perkapita RI rata-rata sekitar US$4.191 atau sekitar Rp75 juta per tahun. Sebab, jika menilik struktur pelaku usaha di Indonesia saat ini, sebagian besar adalah usaha mikro 99,62%. Pelaku usaha mikro sendiri seringkali disebut dengan survival economy, sebab lebih rentan terhadap perubahan.
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04:03 and also the pandemic and so on. Now everything is in chaos.
04:07 And in some countries around the world, everything is in chaos once again.
04:12 So the MSMEs, well, they survive in this situation.
04:17 The growth in Indonesia itself, Ms. Sarmila,
04:21 do you think this is of high quality for the Indonesian MSME sector?
04:24 If you were in a global, even domestic situation, what would you see?
04:30 The current condition of MSMEs.
04:32 But if we look at what Mr. Ray said,
04:36 Jada Manik, at the beginning,
04:38 that the condition of Indonesian MSMEs,
04:41 in terms of characteristics, most of them are micro, up to 99%.
04:47 Then, the small ones are only 0.0.
04:51 And the ones in the middle and above are 0.0.
04:56 The PR is really big.
04:57 And I, Mr. Presetio, I've been in business for 25 years, and there hasn't been any significant change.
05:03 25 years ago, Mr. Presetio, you can check, the data is the same.
05:09 So this is our big PR, Mr. Presetio, for the future, to face
05:14 Indonesia Emas 2045.
05:17 And Alhamdulillah, Kadin Indonesia has already made a roadmap
05:22 to Indonesia Emas 2045, we've actually made it.
05:26 Now, it's just that,
05:28 it must involve all parties, all are directly involved.
05:33 Not only the government, but also the private sector,
05:37 organizations, NGOs, and others,
05:40 all must be involved in this achievement.
05:44 Okay, Mr. Nailul Hudaibh,
05:46 we will see the Director of Digital Economy from Celio.
05:50 What was it like before?
05:51 The growth from year to year, based on your experience,
05:56 it's not much different.
05:58 Bikro, which still dominates 90% above,
06:01 how do you see it? Is it strong enough if it becomes a pillar of the Indonesian bridge to 2045?
06:09 Yes, Mr. Ras.
06:12 So if we look at the data and the evidence base that is already in Indonesia,
06:18 we can say that the business of MSMEs, especially for micro-small businesses,
06:25 is not behind the times.
06:27 Even when the economic crisis in 1998, they could still survive.
06:33 Because, it can be said that the effect of globalization and the like,
06:39 or the effect of the global war that was also mentioned,
06:42 it doesn't have much impact on our micro-small businesses.
06:47 Because we get raw materials from domestic,
06:51 and then the market force is also domestic, so it doesn't have much impact.
06:54 Well, the most we can say,
07:00 what we ask is actually in terms of the need for PDB.
07:04 So we see big businesses,
07:07 so if Bang Riza said it was only 0.X percent,
07:12 but don't forget that the PDB share is very large.
07:15 The PDB share is up to 40 percent.
07:19 So this is what I think when MSMEs are hit by 60 percent,
07:25 especially the micro-small ones,
07:27 the PDB share is quite small.
07:30 So I don't think it will have much impact on our economy.
07:35 That's why what we really want is that this micro-small can go up,
07:40 so that later the 97 percent of micro-small businesses will decrease over time.
07:46 We don't want to be like a pyramid, right?
07:49 If possible, the micro-small will shrink,
07:53 then the micro-small will shrink,
07:56 and then what we imagine is an industry or a business that is in the middle.
08:02 That's what we're after, so it's not like a pyramid,
08:06 but like it's fat in the middle.
08:09 Okay, so what do you think about this?
08:12 What's the big goal?
08:15 So that micro-small businesses can immediately rise in class,
08:20 and then fill the gap from the body that we want,
08:24 from the Indonesian MSME structure.
08:26 So the middle is big, and the big one is also balanced.
08:32 Please.
08:33 Yes, of course there are many factors.
08:37 We still see the fact of human power,
08:41 that's what we're most willing to talk about.
08:44 When we studied with my friends at PUKM a few years ago,
08:48 we also found that there are many micro-small businesses
08:53 that don't really want to grow, they want to go up.
08:59 Of course, this is the kind of reality that we have to be able to spread in policy.
09:06 That there are many micro-small businesses that sell only for today,
09:12 and also to be able to eat for tomorrow.
09:14 That's the first thing.
09:16 Then, if we look at it, there are also many small businesses
09:20 that are also comfortable in small and micro industries to avoid taxes.
09:25 So this is also funny, Mr. Prah.
09:28 So it's funny that they don't want to go up in class
09:30 because they don't want the taxes to be big,
09:33 and some of them are those who can't eat on the field.
09:35 So, it's the mindset of the SDM that we emphasize,
09:39 so that the policies issued by the PUKM are in line with the findings behind it.
09:44 Interesting. Let's just confirm to Mr. Sarmila.
09:47 Mr. Sarmila, this is related to how the mindset of the micro-small business sector has been.
09:53 Is it true that they want to be stuck as long as there are conditions,
09:58 the important thing is to live long enough,
10:00 then this effort can meet daily needs,
10:03 but compared to those who want to move forward,
10:06 to develop further, because maybe it has something to do with taxes or something else.
10:11 What is your opinion, Mrs. Sarmila?
10:14 Yes, Mr. Presetio and all of you.
10:18 Now, the number is 99% micro.
10:24 But actually, the offset has increased from the criteria.
10:29 In the past, the micro was only up to 500 million.
10:36 Now, up to 2M is called micro.
10:39 So, the micro classification has changed now.
10:43 That's why it's not just an increase, because it used to be only 500 million, now it's 2M.
10:49 Then, the small business has a capital of 15 billion.
10:56 Then, the medium business has a capital of 50 billion.
11:02 Then, above 50M is called large business.
11:05 So, actually, if we say to avoid taxes or not,
11:10 I think 4.8 billion is the government itself who made the rules
11:16 that the tax payment is 0.5% and we follow that rule.
11:21 So, in my opinion, it's not fair because we want to be tax-free.
11:25 We are small people, we want to pay taxes.
11:29 So, micro businesses are not fair because they avoid taxes, they stay there.
11:35 Now, for the mindset itself, I see that to face Indonesia Emas 2045,
11:42 which is the bank note for how many years from now?
11:45 Approximately 15 years from now.
11:49 15 years from now.
11:51 Yes, approximately 15 years from now.
11:54 So, the children who are still in high school or elementary school
12:00 will later become the next generation in Indonesia Emas.
12:04 Now, to face the challenge so that we can survive Indonesia Emas,
12:09 why does the micro stay there and how do we increase it?
12:13 We divide it in two, in my opinion, Mr. Prasada and Mr. Naulia.
12:19 Mr. Naidul Huda.
12:22 In my opinion, we divide it in two classifications.
12:25 There are those who are start-ups, meaning people who have just started a business.
12:30 There are those who are skill-ups.
12:32 Maybe later we will give the best portion based on the competitive and comparative advantages of each region based on the cluster-by-cluster.
12:43 So, we have discussed with Mr. Presetio,
12:47 which regions are the most successful in the UKM?
12:53 In 7 provinces, right?
12:55 From Banten to Bali, it's the highest.
12:58 That's the region with the highest UKM.
13:03 The second is West Indonesia.
13:05 The last is East Indonesia.
13:07 Now, to increase the movement for the micro to become small and small to become medium,
13:15 and medium to high, we focus on the program.
13:18 Later we will ask the new government,
13:21 they focus on the regions for growth first, not equality.
13:30 So, not all programs are equal, all the UKM are everywhere, but this is growth.
13:36 So, if the program is growth, focus on the regions that we focus on.
13:41 For example, Central Indonesia, from Banten to Bali, they are really dropped first.
13:47 They are already strong in terms of foundation, just skill-up them.
13:52 By that, later we have to ask, we have to make the existing UKM database integrated,
13:59 we will see each of their potential.
14:02 Then we will put in the legality, training education, capital,
14:09 marketing, then the digital IT.
14:13 So, if we have a group, it will be good.
14:16 Okay, later we will discuss the strategy that can be a booster in the next segment.
14:21 Mr. Mila and Mr. Nelul, we will be away for a while.
14:24 And the audience, we will be back soon after the next conversation.
14:27 [Music]
14:46 You are still watching Market Review.
14:48 In the next segment, we will be back to share data for you
14:50 related to the ratio of national business.
14:53 You can watch the complete data on your television screen.
14:56 From 2023 to 2024.
14:59 Last year, 3.47% for the ratio of national business.
15:03 In 2024, it is expected to grow to 12%.
15:08 And how about UMKM Go Digital, which from previous years,
15:14 has always been supported by the government to increase the class,
15:18 as UMKM goes up the class through digitalization.
15:21 2023, 27 million. Then in 2024, it is targeted at 30 million UMKM Go Digital.
15:29 Okay, we will continue the discussion again with Mr. Mila Yahya,
15:33 Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Kadin Indonesia,
15:35 and also Mr. Nelul Huda, Director of Ekonomi Seleos.
15:38 Okay, we go to Mr. Mila, who was delayed earlier.
15:42 Related to the strategy, then how to increase the class,
15:47 if the growth is still dominated by the micro sector.
15:51 What is it like if we refer to some of the data that have been released?
15:57 30 million UMKM this year, the target has risen from last year to 27 million UMKM.
16:03 Please, Mrs. Mila.
16:05 So, in my opinion, the 30 million UMKM that became the target,
16:10 is not necessarily the micro sector.
16:12 So, it will be in the small and medium class too.
16:19 Because the small and medium class is around 10 million UMKM.
16:27 So, it also affects, so that digitization is not all in the micro.
16:33 In the small, medium, and some micro class, that will happen.
16:38 So, in my opinion, it is still reasonable for that achievement.
16:43 Okay, that's great.
16:45 So, at the end of the year in 2045,
16:50 digitization will be a belief,
16:53 a duty, a strength.
16:57 It means that there will be people who are left behind,
17:00 hopefully, they will grow up,
17:03 new children,
17:06 children who were born to be a strong entrepreneur,
17:12 or a talent, a good talent.
17:14 So, in the future, we will no longer see UMKM,
17:18 now many are entrepreneurs because of the disaster,
17:23 because it was closed,
17:25 it can't be formal, it becomes informal.
17:29 So, everyone runs to business.
17:33 But actually, don't be a disaster,
17:36 UMKM should be our main focus,
17:39 because it moves the economic wheel.
17:41 We were back again about GDP,
17:45 GDP per capita,
17:49 it is very small compared to Singapore.
17:53 If Singapore is a developed country,
17:55 because if you want the status of a developed country,
17:57 we have to see America as a developed country,
18:00 Singapore as a developed country,
18:02 China as a developed country.
18:03 We have to see the regions together,
18:07 Korea is also a developed country.
18:10 Indonesia's income per capita is 4,700 in 2024.
18:16 4,700 dollars per year in 2024.
18:22 If we look at the area of Indonesia,
18:26 the closest is America.
18:27 America is a developed country,
18:28 so our Kiblat has to follow a developed country.
18:30 Indonesia wants to be Indonesia's gold in a developed country.
18:33 America's developed country,
18:35 its income per capita per year is 76,000.
18:39 We remember, we are 4,700.
18:44 If the income per capita is to be called a developed country,
18:47 it is America 76,000.
18:50 Okay, we don't have to follow America.
18:52 The one who imagines America is now China.
18:55 China's income per capita will be a developed country,
19:01 which is estimated to replace America.
19:05 China's income per capita is 12,000 in 2024.
19:11 Then we look at South Korea,
19:15 which we consider to be the same size as West Java,
19:21 its income per capita is 33,000.
19:25 Singapore's income per capita is 82,000.
19:31 It's the same as the population of Bogor.
19:36 Malaysia's income per capita is 11,000.
19:44 So, our income per capita is a measure
19:48 to achieve the micro business,
19:51 to increase the class,
19:52 this is the income per capita as a measure.
19:54 Without income per capita, how is it?
19:57 Okay, this is interesting.
19:58 So, can digitalization be a solution?
20:01 Nelul Huda, in your opinion,
20:03 remember this is the focus,
20:06 the main focus of the government
20:08 for the development of our MSMEs.
20:11 Earlier, 30 million target in 2024,
20:14 how about the glasses?
20:17 Yes, we have to criticize
20:21 whether the data is correct about MSMEs.
20:26 Because if we look at the previous quarter,
20:30 it was 22 million,
20:31 then it increased to 27 million.
20:34 Then, is the data really MSMEs' per capita data?
20:40 If the data is from the association,
20:45 if I look at it,
20:47 it doesn't count whether the unique number is separate or not.
20:51 Even if I look at it,
20:53 maybe one person can have 4-6 business units on a platform.
21:00 It doesn't reflect the real number.
21:04 Because if we look at it,
21:06 of course we have to get data.
21:09 Second, please check the data of NIB,
21:15 the Ministry of Investment,
21:20 whether there is MSME data.
21:24 Because I think the data will be very small.
21:26 Then, if we look at the target of 27,
21:30 I think it's not realistic.
21:33 Even 30 million MSMEs is not realistic.
21:37 Because if we count from the economic census survey in 2016,
21:41 the number of MSMEs we only reached was 26 million.
21:46 And that's the MSMEs who are non-farmers.
21:49 So this is very interesting when the target is 30 million,
21:54 it means there are 4 million MSMEs who have to go digital.
21:57 Even assuming that all MSMEs who are non-farmers have been digitized.
22:02 Now, if we look at the streets in our village,
22:07 there are very few that have been digitized.
22:10 So we see that the data is public fraud data.
22:17 That's the first.
22:18 Then the second, can digitalization push it?
22:23 Of course, digitalization can increase efficiency of sales.
22:29 But of course, this is with the statement that the MSMEs are able to or not.
22:33 Now, the PPS data says,
22:36 it says that if only 4% of our MSMEs
22:42 use the internet as a means of sales.
22:48 The rest are only in the field of communication and the like.
22:51 So we are still very low for digitalization
22:56 in the field of economic activity,
22:58 especially in MSMEs.
23:00 If it's been digitized well,
23:03 there's no ASUS, Tanah Abang, SEPI, and so on.
23:07 That's just one example that I think can be seen with the naked eye
23:11 and without seeing the data.
23:13 So just for that example, we don't do it with the data.
23:18 Okay, so it's a classic problem when it comes to data,
23:21 how large is the number of certifications?
23:23 MSMEs in Indonesia and so on,
23:26 hopefully there will be solutions that can be offered.
23:29 In other words, real data can be conveyed to the public
23:32 and MSMEs in Indonesia.
23:34 So that when the decision on policy strategy is made,
23:38 it can be targeted.
23:40 Okay, thank you.
23:43 Thank you for your time, sharing, and information
23:45 that you have conveyed to the audience.
23:47 Thank you very much for your presence today.
23:51 The insight that has been conveyed is related to the development
23:53 of the MSME sector in Indonesia to Indonesia in March 2045.
23:59 Congratulations on continuing your activities.
24:01 Stay healthy.
24:02 Sharmila and Naila.
24:04 Thank you, Mr. Presidio.
24:05 Thank you, Mr. Az.
24:07 Yes, Mr. Mirsa, I have been with you for an hour in Market Review
24:10 and keep updating your information only on IDX Channel,
24:13 your trustworthy and comprehensive investment reference.
24:16 Because the future must be ahead of me,
24:19 the stock investor.
24:20 See you.
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