What If Mosquitoes Were the Size of Pterosaurs?

Bright Side

Do you have a rich imagination? Then you've gotta check out this video—it's all about exploring some seriously wild "what-if" scenarios. Picture this: giant mosquitoes the size of pterosaurs buzzing around—yeah, it's as crazy as it sounds! But that's just the tip of the iceberg. We're diving into all sorts of mind-bending ideas that'll have you questioning everything you thought you knew. So grab your snacks, kick back, and let's dive into a world where anything's possible.   Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/   Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV   Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightside Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en   Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Transcript

00:00:00Ah, it's a lovely day for a boat ride in the swamp.

00:00:03If not for these mosquitos, then today would be perfect.

00:00:06But for some reason, the mosquitos keep getting bigger

00:00:10the further you go into the swamp.

00:00:12They started out as tiny, almost invisible insects,

00:00:15and can now be the size of your thumb.

00:00:17You can hear their buzzing as they whiz past you.

00:00:20You go deeper to investigate why they're so big.

00:00:23Eventually, you see a large cluster of mosquitos

00:00:27the size of your hand buzzing around.

00:00:29They notice you and start flying towards you.

00:00:32You grab a branch and start swatting them away.

00:00:35You run back to your boat and try to escape,

00:00:38but they follow you and some manage to land on you.

00:00:41You swat them away, but more mosquitos pop out of nowhere

00:00:45the size of a basketball.

00:00:47You start your boat and speed your way back to the mainland.

00:00:50As you arrive, you see everyone running away in a frenzy,

00:00:54panicking because of the giant mosquitos.

00:00:57Some of them are as big as a large dog.

00:01:00People are ducking under picnic tables

00:01:02while some are running back to their cars and driving away.

00:01:06You get off the boat and run toward the closest grocery store

00:01:09along with dozens of people.

00:01:10The employees lock up the gates,

00:01:12but the large glass panels show the mosquitos multiplying.

00:01:16They're getting bigger and bigger

00:01:18until you can see one as big as a car zipping by.

00:01:21It's so strong that it landed on an empty car

00:01:24and crushed it.

00:01:26Everyone inside is ducking away out of fear.

00:01:28You try to calm everyone down and not make any noise.

00:01:32The mosquitos are landing on the glass panel,

00:01:34blocking out the natural light.

00:01:36It's getting dark inside.

00:01:38Someone turns up the volume on the TV to the breaking news.

00:01:42Mosquitos are flying rampant all across the continent,

00:01:45destroying natural resources and infiltrating cities.

00:01:49People are advised to stay indoors until further notice.

00:01:52The mosquitos notice that there are people in the store,

00:01:55so they try to get in by force.

00:01:58A car-sized mosquito flies around in the sky,

00:02:01unaware of what's happening below.

00:02:03Everyone hears some noise coming from the back room.

00:02:06The employees realize they didn't lock the doors.

00:02:09A large mosquito enters and knocks down everything.

00:02:13Everyone runs around in a panic

00:02:15while throwing random stuff at it.

00:02:17Some people grab a fire extinguisher

00:02:19and spray it until it flies to the back room.

00:02:22Some employees lock the door and barricade it

00:02:25so that nothing can enter.

00:02:27Everyone waits nervously.

00:02:28The TV broadcasts some live coverage

00:02:30of how giant mosquitos are flying everywhere.

00:02:33A helicopter is forced to land

00:02:35because the mosquitos are flying around wildly in the skies.

00:02:39Everyone shudders when they hear the sound

00:02:41of more mosquitos buzzing around near the back door.

00:02:45Hours pass and more mosquitos keep coming endlessly.

00:02:49There are no people outside

00:02:51and much of the urban and landscape design in the park

00:02:53is destroyed or overrun by giant insects.

00:02:57Some people eat whatever is available

00:02:59while some are sleeping.

00:03:01A piece of breaking news interrupts the live coverage

00:03:04and shows that there will be armored buses

00:03:06ready to pick up people near the picnic site.

00:03:08However, the buses won't drive to hot spots

00:03:11since it'll be too dangerous.

00:03:13The only way to get on them

00:03:14is by being on the highway in two hours.

00:03:17Everyone tries to call their loved ones

00:03:19but the cell towers have been knocked down

00:03:22and no one can call anyone.

00:03:24The mosquito that broke in a while ago

00:03:26destroyed the only landline that was present.

00:03:28People are arguing about whether they should stay or go.

00:03:32More insects cover the only clear patches of the sky

00:03:35until the sun disappears.

00:03:37The people split into two parties.

00:03:39Those who are leaving to catch the bus

00:03:41and those who want to stay.

00:03:43The employees know a back way

00:03:45that can quickly lead to the highway.

00:03:47The only problem is that

00:03:48it'll take around 20 minutes on foot

00:03:51and there are no cars to use.

00:03:53The way is tricky.

00:03:54First, they would need to escape

00:03:56through the main entrance

00:03:57and head through the bushy forest

00:03:59behind the dumpsters.

00:04:00Over there, they can enter a building

00:04:02possibly through the sewers

00:04:04which will lead to the lake next to the highway.

00:04:07The first party decides to leave.

00:04:09They prepare supplies for the breakout.

00:04:11Every second, more mosquitoes arrive

00:04:14covering the sky.

00:04:15They gear up with anything they can find

00:04:17to protect themselves.

00:04:19Mosquitoes are attracted to the carbon dioxide

00:04:21that people breathe out

00:04:22and they know that there's a source

00:04:24coming from the grocery store.

00:04:26Once everyone is ready,

00:04:27they get some makeshift torches

00:04:29and light them up.

00:04:30They add some barbecue fuel

00:04:32to keep the fire going.

00:04:33You're part of the party

00:04:35that is planning to escape.

00:04:36The doors open

00:04:37and everyone makes a break for it

00:04:39behind the dumpster.

00:04:40Many mosquitoes try to attack you

00:04:42but the smoke from the fire repels them.

00:04:45Every second, more mosquitoes are filling the sky

00:04:48and the environment.

00:04:49Many people end up running back into the store

00:04:52since they couldn't make it

00:04:53past the dumpster to the other building.

00:04:55Eventually, the rest of the people

00:04:57including yourself

00:04:58run toward the building.

00:04:59But it's locked

00:05:00and no one can break down the door.

00:05:03Plan B is to break the glass from a window

00:05:05and crawl inside.

00:05:06You grab a rock

00:05:08and smash the closest window.

00:05:10The only problem is

00:05:11that the mosquitoes can follow you inside.

00:05:14So without any options left,

00:05:15you pull through

00:05:17and run to the basement of the building

00:05:18to find the entrance to the sewer.

00:05:20Success!

00:05:21You've found it

00:05:22and everyone descends to the bottom.

00:05:24No mosquitoes in sight,

00:05:26just rats.

00:05:27You're walking knee-high in sewer water

00:05:30with it flowing past you

00:05:31but it's only a few minutes

00:05:33until you reach the river.

00:05:35Another problem is

00:05:36that the sewer isn't going to the lake

00:05:38but somewhere deep into the sewer channels.

00:05:40You follow it

00:05:41until you see what looks like an outlet.

00:05:43You make it out

00:05:44and are near a water hole

00:05:46where all the discarded sewage

00:05:48leads next to the swamp.

00:05:49The only problem is

00:05:50that you're not next to the highway anymore

00:05:53and time is running out.

00:05:55More mosquitoes are swarming the air

00:05:57but they don't bother buzzing next to you.

00:05:59You notice some cat-sized creatures

00:06:01floating on the water.

00:06:03These are baby mosquitoes

00:06:05or the larva

00:06:06and they're coming your way.

00:06:08You and everyone else

00:06:09swim for your lives to the shore.

00:06:11The giant alpha mosquito soars into the air

00:06:14and swoops down to try and grab someone

00:06:17but it misses.

00:06:19Everyone makes it to the thick swampy area

00:06:21where no giant mosquitoes can enter.

00:06:23Everyone covers themselves with branches

00:06:25to protect themselves.

00:06:2715 minutes until the armored bus arrives.

00:06:29Since the mosquitoes can't enter,

00:06:31this will be the best place to hide until then.

00:06:34Darkness falls

00:06:35and still no bus.

00:06:37It's been 3 hours

00:06:38and nothing!

00:06:39The mosquitoes are still buzzing around

00:06:41and everyone is getting uncomfortable

00:06:43under the thick bushes.

00:06:44After a while,

00:06:46everyone hears a roaring engine

00:06:48and sees lights flashing on the highway.

00:06:50Everyone gets up and runs to the bus

00:06:53but you stop them to not draw the mosquitoes' attention.

00:06:56You volunteer to sneak out and stop the bus

00:06:58and then everyone else can follow

00:07:00without drawing too much attention.

00:07:02You move a couple of branches,

00:07:04step over some tree bark

00:07:05and crawl to the highway.

00:07:07You try to hold your breath

00:07:09so that you won't make any heavy breathing sounds.

00:07:11You reach the side of the road

00:07:13and wave your arms to stop the bus.

00:07:15It pulls over and the door opens.

00:07:17You signal the rest of the people to follow

00:07:19and they follow your lead.

00:07:21Everyone is inside and safe.

00:07:24Some mosquitoes notice

00:07:25and start pecking on the bus

00:07:27but the armor is sturdy.

00:07:29The bus drives off

00:07:30looking for other people along the road

00:07:32and suddenly

00:07:33a Goliath lands in front of you!

00:07:36The bus stops

00:07:37and sees a mosquito the size of a Boeing 747!

00:07:40It looks straight at you.

00:07:42It gets ready to attack

00:07:43but the bus speeds under its legs

00:07:45and drives off.

00:07:47The mosquito takes off

00:07:48and tries to catch the bus

00:07:50but you enter a tunnel

00:07:51to the other side of the mountain.

00:07:53After a few minutes,

00:07:54you reach an open area

00:07:56with no trees or buildings.

00:07:57The bus is speeding

00:07:59while dodging obstacles along the way.

00:08:01Finally, you notice

00:08:02you are near the grocery store

00:08:04where you were held up.

00:08:05The bus opens the door for everyone inside

00:08:07to be taken to a safe zone.

00:08:09You hear from the aid workers

00:08:11that the whole world is being overrun

00:08:13by these giant creatures.

00:08:15As you drive along,

00:08:16you see a hybrid mosquito

00:08:18that has two heads and a scorpion's tail!

00:08:22It's as tall as a Statue of Liberty

00:08:24and it's ready to attack!

00:08:26Whatever is causing these mosquitoes

00:08:27to grow abnormally

00:08:29is also making them into hybrids and mutants!

00:08:32And you thought it was going to be a good Monday.

00:08:35Millions of years ago,

00:08:36there were seas and oceans

00:08:38where deserts are today.

00:08:40What if it all comes back?

00:08:42Water instead of sand

00:08:43where deserts used to be.

00:08:45Life on the planet would change completely.

00:08:48Sand can act like a liquid

00:08:50if a strong enough airflow

00:08:51makes it rise from below.

00:08:52The air reduces friction

00:08:54between sand particles,

00:08:55making more space.

00:08:57The particles begin to move freely

00:08:59as if they're in a liquid.

00:09:00If a huge vent suddenly opened

00:09:02under the Earth's crust,

00:09:03blowing air from beneath,

00:09:05then perhaps the entire landscape

00:09:07would begin to sink

00:09:08like being in quicksand.

00:09:10Such monuments as the Egyptian Pyramids

00:09:13or the Sphinx

00:09:14would sink under the ground.

00:09:16Huge cities built on sand

00:09:17would disappear.

00:09:19The Sahara Desert would resemble

00:09:21one bubbling cauldron.

00:09:23Camel caravans would simply fall down.

00:09:25But don't worry,

00:09:26the animals wouldn't get hurt.

00:09:28Liquid sand is filled with oxygen,

00:09:30so they'd be able to swim in it.

00:09:33But what if sand turned into water

00:09:36instead of just a liquid version of itself?

00:09:38If this happened quickly and unexpectedly,

00:09:41then disasters would occur

00:09:42on all the beaches of the world.

00:09:45Imagine you're sunbathing

00:09:46on an air mattress

00:09:48on a sandy beach of a seaside resort.

00:09:50You're wearing sunglasses,

00:09:51the sea waves are tickling your heels,

00:09:53gulls are squawking overhead,

00:09:55and you have iced tea in your hands.

00:09:57A perfect holiday.

00:09:58But then you feel your mattress moving.

00:10:01A wave hits you.

00:10:02You take off your glasses

00:10:03and find yourself

00:10:04in the middle of the sea.

00:10:06The entire beach has turned into water.

00:10:09It reaches way up to the road

00:10:11where cars drive and houses stand.

00:10:13You help people who were sunbathing nearby

00:10:15to climb on the mattress.

00:10:18You swim to the new shore,

00:10:20head home, turn on the TV,

00:10:21and see this is happening

00:10:23all over the world.

00:10:25Hundreds of thousands of beaches are flooded.

00:10:28Water overflows city streets and houses.

00:10:31People are scared.

00:10:32Some leave their homes,

00:10:33while others take surfboards

00:10:35and ride the waves.

00:10:36And while part of the world is trying to cope

00:10:38with a global flood of sandy shores,

00:10:41a fifth ocean is being formed

00:10:43at the same time.

00:10:45You get on a plane

00:10:47and fly over the largest sandy desert

00:10:49on the planet.

00:10:50The area of the Sahara Desert

00:10:52is 3.5 million square miles.

00:10:55This is almost the area of the entire USA.

00:10:58Billions of tons of sand

00:11:00turned into water in an instant.

00:11:02And all this water starts to spill over.

00:11:05Animals living in the sand,

00:11:07such as jerboa, scorpions, cobras,

00:11:09and many others,

00:11:11disappear from the face of the planet.

00:11:13The nearest countries are devastated

00:11:15by the flood.

00:11:16The new ocean connects to the Mediterranean,

00:11:19Red, and Tyrrhenian seas.

00:11:21The water level in the world's oceans

00:11:23is rising so much

00:11:25that most island countries

00:11:26have to evacuate to continents.

00:11:29In coastal cities,

00:11:30people sit in cafes and enjoy life.

00:11:33Some are sunbathing,

00:11:34while others try to escape

00:11:35from the heat and the shade.

00:11:37Suddenly, the wind rises,

00:11:39and a shadow appears on the ground.

00:11:42People look at it, puzzled,

00:11:44and it keeps growing.

00:11:45Everyone looks up and sees that

00:11:47a huge tsunami is approaching the shore.

00:11:50Desert countries have it even worse.

00:11:53They are flooded at once,

00:11:54and turn into many small divided islands.

00:11:57And huge waves will hit the shores

00:11:59of port towns for a long time.

00:12:02The hottest places on the planet

00:12:04have become wet.

00:12:05Hot sands turn into almost boiling water.

00:12:08It quickly evaporates,

00:12:10and forms huge rain clouds.

00:12:12Thanks to high humidity,

00:12:13the air pressure changes,

00:12:15and strong winds begin to blow.

00:12:17They drive clouds all over the planet.

00:12:20Long rains begin all over the world,

00:12:23drenching everything.

00:12:25Water mixes with the world's oceans,

00:12:27and cools down.

00:12:28The hottest places in the world

00:12:30are getting colder.

00:12:31With temperatures changing,

00:12:33tornadoes and hurricanes

00:12:34form in different parts of the world,

00:12:36and ravage the planet.

00:12:38The face of the whole Earth is warping.

00:12:41New seas, lakes, and rivers

00:12:43form all over the world.

00:12:45Before, water comprised 70%

00:12:47of the planet's surface.

00:12:49Now, it's 90%.

00:12:53Fortunately, cataclysms don't last long.

00:12:56Even though sands cover a lot of land,

00:12:58they're not very thick.

00:13:00The depth of the ocean

00:13:01is hundreds of times deeper

00:13:03than the depth of sand in a desert.

00:13:05In some, the sand is only a few inches thick.

00:13:08Only the largest dunes

00:13:09may reach 150 feet in thickness.

00:13:12The water levels will rise drastically,

00:13:15and will probably never return

00:13:16to what they used to be.

00:13:18But at least the weather

00:13:19will calm down sooner or later.

00:13:21But something bad is still going to happen.

00:13:24Every year, 2 billion tons of dust

00:13:26rise into the air.

00:13:28Most of it comes from deserts.

00:13:30Particles of this dust

00:13:31contain useful elements and bacteria.

00:13:33The wind carries them all over the planet.

00:13:36A quarter of this dust

00:13:37comes to rest in seas and oceans.

00:13:39Bacteria and nutrients

00:13:41feed small creatures in the ocean,

00:13:43such as phytoplankton or krill.

00:13:45These creatures, in their turn,

00:13:47are food for small fish and even whales.

00:13:50And the fish are food for predators,

00:13:52as well as for many land animals.

00:13:54So, if sands turn into water,

00:13:57the ocean will lose a lot of its nutrients.

00:14:00The good news is

00:14:01that it won't last long either.

00:14:03Nutrients and bacteria

00:14:05will adapt to the new conditions,

00:14:06and will be able to evaporate with water,

00:14:09which condenses into rain clouds.

00:14:11The largest variety of the marine world

00:14:14lives in shallow waters

00:14:15not far from the coast.

00:14:17The desert turned into water

00:14:18gives ideal conditions

00:14:20for new life to develop.

00:14:22New species of animals appear

00:14:23that can survive in hot water.

00:14:26Many creatures that lived in hot sands

00:14:28have now adapted to marine life.

00:14:30Camels have learned to swim,

00:14:32and small reptiles can hold their breath

00:14:34underwater for a long time.

00:14:36Thanks to hot weather and shallowness,

00:14:39a huge amount of seaweed grows on the bottom

00:14:41that can withstand high temperatures.

00:14:43The new ocean now resembles

00:14:45a multicolored garden of marine plants.

00:14:49People are also trying to adapt.

00:14:52They build towns on massive wooden structures

00:14:54right on the water,

00:14:55and attach them to the bottom

00:14:57with long chains.

00:14:58Fishing has become the main source of food

00:15:00for all humankind.

00:15:02Cars have become obsolete.

00:15:04Everyone wants boats.

00:15:06Famous expensive car brands

00:15:07now design luxury yachts and ships.

00:15:10Also, everyone learns to swim,

00:15:12and every resident of sea cities

00:15:14is an excellent swimmer.

00:15:17All the new water was fresh

00:15:18until it mixed with the sea

00:15:20and gained its saltiness.

00:15:22People have created special filters

00:15:24that turn this water fresh.

00:15:25Global stocks are increasing.

00:15:27There are almost no places left in the world

00:15:30where people don't have enough water.

00:15:32But what if our situation

00:15:34became stranger still,

00:15:36and all the sand on the planet,

00:15:38not only on beaches and in deserts,

00:15:40turned into liquid?

00:15:41All hourglasses in the world would accelerate

00:15:44because the water flows much faster than sand.

00:15:47Sand is also used

00:15:48for all types of construction works.

00:15:50They use it in the production of concrete

00:15:52and to lay a strong foundation.

00:15:55It would be impossible

00:15:56to create bricks and clay without sand.

00:15:59Almost all houses,

00:16:00not counting wooden ones,

00:16:02would simply fall apart.

00:16:04But wooden houses could just rot

00:16:07because of the high humidity levels.

00:16:10Sand is used for glass.

00:16:11Production of mirrors,

00:16:12windows,

00:16:13and light bulbs

00:16:14would be greatly reduced.

00:16:16World reserves of drinking water

00:16:17would decrease

00:16:18as sand is a natural filter for purification.

00:16:21There would be huge traffic jams on the roads

00:16:24because,

00:16:25well,

00:16:25there would be no roads to speak of.

00:16:28Imagine you're driving a car

00:16:29and its wheels turn into jelly.

00:16:32Road vehicles would be severely affected.

00:16:34Planes would also stop flying

00:16:36because sand is used

00:16:37in the construction of the runway.

00:16:39The only means of transportation left

00:16:41would be ships.

00:16:43Sand is present almost everywhere on our planet,

00:16:45so the water would begin to moisten

00:16:47and wash away the soil.

00:16:49The whole world would turn into a vicious marsh

00:16:52and it would be very difficult to move around.

00:16:54The humidity levels would increase significantly

00:16:57and thick fogs would appear every day.

00:17:00A huge number of scolopendras,

00:17:02salamanders,

00:17:03frogs,

00:17:04and other creatures that love humidity

00:17:06would take over the planet.

00:17:08Some insects may evolve and increase in size

00:17:10thanks to the new ideal conditions.

00:17:12And people,

00:17:13if they survive at all,

00:17:15might grow scales to better transfer moisture.

00:17:19The Earth would look like a planet

00:17:21from a sci-fi movie.

00:17:23But fortunately,

00:17:23this isn't going to ever happen.

00:17:27Ladies and gentlemen,

00:17:28welcome to the fight of the century.

00:17:31In the left corner is the most famous dinosaur of all time,

00:17:34Tyrannosaurus Rex.

00:17:36Let's call her

00:17:37Ty-re-a-na.

00:17:39She existed about 70 million years ago

00:17:42and was a true queen

00:17:43in today's North American territory.

00:17:46No one could defeat her in a fair battle.

00:17:48Well, except for that big meteor.

00:17:51Spoiler!

00:17:52In the right corner is the nightmare of the sea,

00:17:55Megalodon.

00:17:56This one's named Megan.

00:17:59This species went extinct about 3 million years ago,

00:18:02but legends about it are still alive.

00:18:05It's the biggest shark that ever existed

00:18:07and it was a super predator in its time.

00:18:10Both fighters are the highest predators in their category.

00:18:14But what happens when they meet face to face?

00:18:16To find out,

00:18:17let's move on to the first category,

00:18:20size.

00:18:21The largest T-Rex ever found was named Scotty.

00:18:24Hey, beam me up!

00:18:26His hips were about 12 feet tall.

00:18:29But if Scotty straightened his back,

00:18:31he would be about 42 feet tall.

00:18:33It's like putting three giraffes on top of each other.

00:18:36And if you wanted to pet this cute guy on the nose,

00:18:39you'd have to stand on the shoulders of 7 people to reach him.

00:18:43Even though our T-Rex is not the biggest of its kind,

00:18:46Tyreana still remains one of the most dangerous.

00:18:50But now, let's look at the size of her opponent.

00:18:53The size of the Megalodon is still a controversial thing.

00:18:57The fact is that the only remains of this ancient shark are teeth and vertebrae.

00:19:02So scientists can only guess about the real size of this shark.

00:19:06But even by the most modest calculations,

00:19:09it's bigger than T-Rex.

00:19:11Megalodon was about 50 feet long,

00:19:13which is more than a school bus.

00:19:15It was not only the most massive shark that ever existed,

00:19:19but also the largest fish in the world.

00:19:21Its closest competitor in size was a modern whale shark.

00:19:25But he loses to Megalodon by as much as 10 feet.

00:19:29So in the size category,

00:19:31Megalodon left no chance for T-Rex.

00:19:34The first point goes to the giant shark Megan.

00:19:38The next class is weight.

00:19:40Let's start with Megan.

00:19:42Usually, adults had a weight of 27 to 59 tons.

00:19:46This is like three heavy-lift transport helicopters.

00:19:49Or almost like a tank.

00:19:51Actually, some houses have less weight than Megalodon.

00:19:54Its only competitor in the sea is the blue whale.

00:19:57What does T-Rex answer to this?

00:20:00Although it's an incredibly large predator,

00:20:03the largest individual Rexes could only reach a weight of 14 tons.

00:20:07That's relatively small for its size.

00:20:10T-Rex could be terribly slow and clumsy,

00:20:13but some of its bones are hollow.

00:20:15This is what reduces its total weight.

00:20:17Thanks to this,

00:20:18she could be much faster and more agile without losing strength.

00:20:23But we see that Tyreana loses to Megan in weight by at least three times.

00:20:28So another point goes to Megalodon.

00:20:32Next up is speed and agility.

00:20:35According to different estimates,

00:20:36Tyrannosaurus Rex could run at speeds of 11 to 45 miles per hour.

00:20:42For comparison, the speed of the fastest human on Earth is only 16 miles per hour.

00:20:47So you do the math.

00:20:49Yep, we wouldn't have had a chance to escape having lunch with,

00:20:53sorry, being lunch for T-Rex.

00:20:55But what about maneuverability?

00:20:58Tyreana seems to be big and clumsy.

00:21:01However, T-Rex had excellent balance because of her massive tail

00:21:05and could turn and change direction very quickly.

00:21:08And look at her legs!

00:21:10She clearly doesn't miss a leg day!

00:21:12Now let's look at the second fighter, Megan.

00:21:15Scientists have found that the Megalodon could swim at a speed of about 11 miles per hour.

00:21:20This was enough to become an ultimate predator,

00:21:23but it was inferior to many other species.

00:21:26For example, the fastest sea creature is the sailfish.

00:21:29It can reach 68 miles per hour, about 100 feet per second.

00:21:34Besides, because of its heavy weight, it could not quickly turn or maneuver.

00:21:38Imagine a giant truck needing to make a U-turn.

00:21:42So when she attacked, she had only one chance to strike.

00:21:46If she missed, she went for a second lap.

00:21:48This gave her prey enough time to run away.

00:21:52In this round, T-Rex finally gets her first score.

00:21:56But we're still 2 to 1 in favor of Megan the Megalodon.

00:22:00Okay, moving on to the next category.

00:22:03Fighting Skills

00:22:04Megalodon was definitely the best predator in the aquatic world.

00:22:08Not only because of its size and mass, but also because of its intelligence.

00:22:13Scientists have found traces of Megalodon's teeth on the remains of whales.

00:22:17They concluded that Megan aimed at her prey's weakest spots

00:22:21and knew where the vital organs were located.

00:22:24Other remains of Megalodon's victims had many bone fractures.

00:22:28This suggests that she was not shy about using her weight as a ram.

00:22:32Such a 50-ton ram could easily break through concrete walls.

00:22:36Some individuals prefer to attack the whale's tails and fins first to immobilize them,

00:22:42then attack a defenseless victim.

00:22:44This makes the Megalodon an excellent strategist.

00:22:47Megalodon's prey just didn't have a chance.

00:22:51So this shark had two main techniques, ram and ultimate bite.

00:22:56But the arsenal of T-Rex is much broader.

00:22:59Like a Megalodon, it had the strongest bite of its kind and also used a ram.

00:23:04Although its weight was not as big as Meg's,

00:23:07Tyreana could reach a much higher speed,

00:23:10and her impact was much more powerful than that of a shark.

00:23:13On top of that, she could strike with her tail,

00:23:16and her legs had a tremendous force and could hold the victim.

00:23:19No doubt, the T-Rex arsenal is much more diverse.

00:23:23So this point goes to the dinosaur.

00:23:27Now it's time for the bonus category, the prize of audience sympathies.

00:23:31T-Rex is undoubtedly the most famous dinosaur of all time.

00:23:36It's appeared in movies, TV series, cartoons, video games, and even postage stamps and memes.

00:23:42And its skeleton in the American Museum of Natural History is the most recognizable in the world.

00:23:48But there are also many myths about it.

00:23:51For example, the idea that it could only see moving objects.

00:23:55In a famous movie, the heroes escape from a T-Rex by just remaining frozen in place.

00:24:01Well, first of all, a dinosaur could easily smell them.

00:24:05Secondly, T-Rex had an excellent vision.

00:24:08It was actually 13 times clearer than humans.

00:24:11Megalodon, on the other hand, has the reputation of a real devil.

00:24:16A scene where Megalodon destroys a fishing boat is still a cult favorite

00:24:20and frightening for viewers worldwide.

00:24:23But because there were so few remains left of it, we can only guess what it really looked like.

00:24:29So, Instagram T-Rex would be much more popular.

00:24:33T-Rex takes this point.

00:24:35Let's move forward.

00:24:36The score is 2 to 2.

00:24:38So the results of the battle will be decided by the last round.

00:24:42Combat tools.

00:24:44Tyrannosaurus rex had the most powerful bite force of its kind.

00:24:48It could easily break dinosaur bones much bigger than themselves.

00:24:51But the power of their bite was limited by their teeth.

00:24:55They had a weak layer of enamel and were quite brittle, though they rebuild quite quickly.

00:25:00Her front hands have sharp claws,

00:25:02but this weapon is mostly useless because of the structure of these arms.

00:25:07Megalodon has only one dangerous tool – its teeth.

00:25:11But they can be worth everything that T-Rex has.

00:25:14The teeth of the Megalodon were triangular in shape and were over 7 inches long.

00:25:19These are the most massive teeth that have ever existed.

00:25:23And it had 250 teeth, arranged in 5 rows.

00:25:27Each of them was incredibly sharp and could penetrate through the thick skin of whales.

00:25:32Also, the Megalodon's jaw was 6.5 feet wide.

00:25:35An adult person could easily fit in there.

00:25:37But not for long, because Megalodon had one of the strongest bites on our planet.

00:25:44The gong sounds, and it means it's time to start the fight.

00:25:48These two predators meet on the coast of North America.

00:25:51Megalodons mostly lived in deep waters, but sometimes they hunted near beaches.

00:25:56T-Rex was also in this area, and now these two predators have come face to face.

00:26:02In shallow water, the Megalodon becomes even slower, and T-Rex easily evades its bite.

00:26:08But it's difficult for her to attack the shark,

00:26:11because Tyriana's body size does not allow her to dive underwater.

00:26:15T-Rex decides to retreat to even shallower water.

00:26:19Megan the Megalodon drops, trying to bite the dinosaur,

00:26:22and just rams her with all of her 50-ton weight.

00:26:25The T-Rex loses her balance and falls down.

00:26:29Now, nothing can help her.

00:26:31Uh-oh.

00:26:33So, Megalodon proves again that she was the ultimate predator

00:26:37and could easily defeat the world's most famous dinosaur.

00:26:41Day 1.

00:26:46A small but powerful tremor is shaking the city of Naples, Italy.

00:26:50The news networks are reporting on the event.

00:26:52The experts believe that Mount Vesuvius, the stratovolcano on the Gulf of Naples,

00:26:57will explode soon.

00:26:59But when?

00:27:00It's erupted many times in the past.

00:27:02In fact, that's how it got its shape.

00:27:05It's made of multiple layers of hardened lava, pumice, and ash.

00:27:09Vesuvius last erupted in 1944,

00:27:12but a major blast happened there nearly 2,000 years ago.

00:27:16It buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum

00:27:20and decimated the surrounding areas.

00:27:22Today, 3 million people live less than 20 miles from the volcano,

00:27:27and 600,000 live in the danger zone.

00:27:30Large eruptions happen every few thousand years,

00:27:32usually after long periods of calm.

00:27:35And the trouble is, Vesuvius is long overdue for its next one.

00:27:40This time, though, the volcano is being watched by the Vesuvius Observatory.

00:27:44It has seismic stations, special GPS arrays,

00:27:48and satellite-based radar to help it measure ground movement.

00:27:51They also have special equipment to test the chemicals found in the gases

00:27:55coming from the volcano.

00:27:57All of this helps the experts work out whether it's about to go off.

00:28:01But will it?

00:28:02Right now, the magma is more than 6 miles from the surface.

00:28:06Things seemed safe yesterday,

00:28:07but now they're about to take a turn for the worse.

00:28:12Day 3

00:28:13Another tremor comes in measuring 3 on the Richter scale.

00:28:17All the equipment that's installed near the volcano is now going off.

00:28:21The magma is pushing upwards.

00:28:23It's not at the surface yet, but Vesuvius is definitely restless.

00:28:28Two more tremors follow in the afternoon.

00:28:30They don't feel like regular earthquakes,

00:28:33and geologists can see the difference in their seismographs.

00:28:36Volcanic quakes register about 4 to 5 less on the Richter scale.

00:28:41Now, the experts are sure.

00:28:43It's just a matter of days or weeks until the volcano erupts.

00:28:47Some volcanoes can be restless for months or even years before they go off.

00:28:51But that's not how it goes with Vesuvius.

00:28:55Day 4

00:28:56The ground starts to crack open,

00:28:58as if a giant creature is trapped in the Earth's crust

00:29:01and is trying to desperately get out for some air.

00:29:04Steam escapes from the little cracks in the soil.

00:29:07Certain areas are hotter than others.

00:29:09If you went there, it would feel like you walked straight into an oven,

00:29:13and it would be hard to breathe.

00:29:14Some sheep got too close to the mountain and passed out.

00:29:18When the farmer found them, he almost collapsed too,

00:29:21not from the heat, but from the gases.

00:29:23Carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide are being released into the air.

00:29:27The entire area around the volcano smells like rotten eggs,

00:29:32and many of the forest animals are now staying clear.

00:29:35The nearby trees have been absorbing these gases from the soil for days on end now,

00:29:40and they're starting to turn brown.

00:29:42The carbon dioxide levels in the area are skyrocketing,

00:29:46and all the detectors are beeping constantly.

00:29:49Day 6

00:29:50Day 7

00:29:51The tremors are getting more frequent.

00:29:53Experts at the Vesuvius Observatory monitoring the volcano

00:29:57say the quakes are coming from the magma that's being pushed upwards.

00:30:01A few hours later, the National Emergency Alert goes out.

00:30:04Thousands of local people have around 15 days before the volcano erupts,

00:30:09and they need to evacuate their homes.

00:30:11The 600,000 people in the danger zone start to pack their suitcases

00:30:15and leave in cars and trucks.

00:30:17There's chaos everywhere.

00:30:19But in all that disorder, some people are standing still.

00:30:22They look around, trying to understand what's really going on.

00:30:26A few of them are taking photos of their homes.

00:30:29Others are streaming all the confusion on social media.

00:30:32But the senior citizens are just standing outside, looking at their houses one last time.

00:30:38They hope this is all just a false alarm.

00:30:41It's happened before, but who really knows?

00:30:46Day 7

00:30:47It was a sleepless night.

00:30:49Plenty of the locals have already left.

00:30:51Some good people from other towns drive to the area to help the residents evacuate faster.

00:30:57There's a massive traffic jam, but everyone expected it.

00:31:00This is why the evacuation started early.

00:31:03Ferries, trains, and buses have canceled their services to help the evacuees.

00:31:07They're all working on a tight schedule to make sure everyone gets out safe without any delays.

00:31:13Some people refuse to leave, but their neighbors eventually convince them to go.

00:31:18It will take 7 days to evacuate everyone, and these people will spread out to other

00:31:22areas of the country, not just to the nearby safe regions.

00:31:27Day 10

00:31:29More than half of the residents have now left the Red Zone.

00:31:32After the chaos, there's now silence, and it's interrupted by the eerie sounds of the tremors.

00:31:38Animals are being evacuated too.

00:31:40Many people are now trying to save as many animals from the forest as they can find.

00:31:46Day 16

00:31:48All 25 of the towns that were at risk have now been evacuated.

00:31:52The Red Zone is empty.

00:31:54But the tremors are getting stronger, as the volcano is a pressure cooker ready to explode.

00:32:01White smoke rises from the large opening on the mountaintop and the vents on the side.

00:32:06The molten rock moves toward the surface, and the pressurized gases form bubbles,

00:32:12just like the ones you see when you boil food.

00:32:15Suddenly, there are some loud booms, and then an explosion.

00:32:19It's loud enough to be heard thousands of miles away, and the shockwave is felt throughout Italy.

00:32:24Volcanic rock is thrown up into the air.

00:32:27A thick black mushroom cloud forms and expands into the sky.

00:32:32The birds abandon their nests and fly away in huge flocks.

00:32:35The red-hot lava is now spewing out of the volcano like a fountain.

00:32:40As it flows downward, it obliterates everything in its path.

00:32:44Then, there's a volcanic landslide.

00:32:46Part of the cone-shaped mountain falls off,

00:32:49and millions of tons of soil and rock break loose from the volcano's side and tumble down.

00:32:55The lava spreads on the slopes, and it slowly slides down into the forest and the farmlands.

00:33:01The plume of ash, pumice, and other kinds of rock has risen so high into the sky

00:33:06that people can see it from Rome.

00:33:08Then the tower of debris starts falling back to Earth.

00:33:11First comes the ash, then chunks of rock.

00:33:14The ash in the atmosphere is so dense that it's hard to breathe.

00:33:18The lava slowly spreads across the area and pulls down all the trees.

00:33:23All the nearby towns are shrouded in darkness and smoke.

00:33:27Buildings collapse, and all around there's a mixture of heated,

00:33:30poisonous gas and rock moving faster than a car.

00:33:34Other rocks and more volcanic ash fall miles away from the volcano,

00:33:38hitting cars and destroying roofs.

00:33:40The sky is completely black as the lava keeps on coming.

00:33:45Slowly, all the nearby towns are submerged beneath the molten rock.

00:33:49Some of the lava even reaches the sea.

00:33:52Gigantic white steam covers the shore where it falls in, and the magma turns black.

00:33:58Now, a weird neon blue fire appears on the slopes of Vesuvius.

00:34:03This is caused by burning sulfuric gases.

00:34:05They're escaping at high pressure from the cracks in the volcano's surface.

00:34:09When they come into contact with the air, they ignite.

00:34:12These blue flames can reach 16 feet into the air.

00:34:16Now, all nearby flights are cancelled,

00:34:19and many planes have to change course to reach their destination.

00:34:22Ever since the national alert, no planes have been allowed to fly over the volcano.

00:34:27The clouds of volcanic ash can damage jet engines and other plane components.

00:34:32The water supply is now contaminated by streams of volcanic ash, and it smells unbelievably bad.

00:34:38In just a short amount of time, all that magma has made entire towns vanish.

00:34:44Only the roofs of taller buildings can be seen.

00:34:47After the big and explosive eruption, there are some smaller and quieter ones.

00:34:52At this stage, nobody knows if the volcano has stopped erupting yet,

00:34:56and absolutely no one can go anywhere near the area.

00:35:0210 years later.

00:35:04Most parts of the Red Zone are now hidden under hardened but still warm lava,

00:35:09including the ancient site of Pompeii.

00:35:11Some people have started to forget about what happened.

00:35:14Others have begun their new lives elsewhere,

00:35:17and some don't even want to think about what happened to their old homes.

00:35:21But several of them are counting the days until they can go back.

00:35:26100 years later.

00:35:28You're walking in what appears to be a wasteland of volcanic ash.

00:35:32You suddenly realize that you're standing on top of your great-grandparents' town.

00:35:38Everything is now submerged under a thick carpet of solidified lava.

00:35:43But below it all, just about everything is still intact, completely frozen in time.

00:35:51Another crazy thing happened to me recently.

00:35:53It was a Sunday morning, and I fried eggs for breakfast.

00:35:56But something was definitely wrong.

00:35:58I wasn't sure if it was the eggs or me, though.

00:36:01Now, you've tried fried eggs, right?

00:36:03They normally taste like, you know, eggs.

00:36:06But that time, along with the eggs, I could also taste lemon,

00:36:10vanilla yogurt, and even some paper.

00:36:12And it's not as good as you might think.

00:36:14Yogurt tastes nice by itself, but together with eggs, it's gross.

00:36:19Whatever was the reason, I decided I'd be okay with just a tea for that day.

00:36:24But as soon as I tried it, I spat it out.

00:36:27What is that?

00:36:28Did I put a spoonful of black pepper there?

00:36:31I needed some water ASAP.

00:36:33I got a glass and, thankfully, it was just a regular glass of water.

00:36:38I tried to eat some strawberries, but, along with the normal strawberry taste,

00:36:42they had a taste of hot chili.

00:36:45That's not a good combination, to be honest.

00:36:47It looked like something happened to all of the food in the house.

00:36:51I also had an orange juice, so I drank a glass of it.

00:36:54Surprisingly, it tasted totally fine.

00:36:57Suddenly, I got a weird thought.

00:36:59Do I taste colors?

00:37:02It was so crazy and strange that I needed to check this theory immediately.

00:37:06I admit, I licked the white back of my cell phone,

00:37:09but it really did taste like vanilla yogurt, just like the egg.

00:37:13So, it was true, I could taste colors.

00:37:17That would mix with every food's original taste and mess it up.

00:37:21I wanted to go to the doctor, but although this new superpower was weird,

00:37:25it was still a bit exciting.

00:37:28Also, I couldn't wait to figure out what other tastes are like.

00:37:31So, I went to a store and got myself a pack of markers.

00:37:35I got to the table, opened the yellow one, and licked it.

00:37:38It did taste like lemon.

00:37:40So, I licked each one and made a list.

00:37:43Pink tasted like strawberry.

00:37:45Red was chili.

00:37:46Orange was an orange.

00:37:48Blue was very bitter.

00:37:50Light blue was salty.

00:37:51And violet was blueberry.

00:37:53Black was black pepper.

00:37:55Beige, nutmuss.

00:37:57Gray, paper.

00:37:58And green tasted like puke.

00:38:01Well, I had to conclude, I don't eat green food from now on.

00:38:05Not that I was really sad about it, though.

00:38:07Only one color was left, the brown one.

00:38:11I was very reluctant to try it, but I had to figure it out.

00:38:16To my relief, it had the taste of coffee.

00:38:19I don't like coffee, but it could be worse.

00:38:22I knew I had to go see my doctor, but I kinda wanted to live with this superpower for a while.

00:38:28It doesn't happen to you every day, you know.

00:38:30So, I decided I'll go to the doctor tomorrow.

00:38:34And today, I had to learn how to live with this ability.

00:38:37I had to avoid putting in my mouth anything black, gray, blue, and green.

00:38:42Not only food, but the dishes and cutlery as well.

00:38:46And I had to figure out what food I can actually eat.

00:38:49Because I didn't like strawberries that tasted like chili pepper.

00:38:53So, I went to the store to get some transparent dishes.

00:38:57While walking, I was thinking about my menu for today.

00:39:00Orange juice works, strawberry, vanilla, and lemon yogurt too.

00:39:05I could make a fruit salad with mango, raspberries, grapes, banana, and yogurt.

00:39:11But that was all I could come up with.

00:39:13As I was thinking, I was biting my lip and found out it tasted like strawberry.

00:39:19In the store, it was pretty easy to find a transparent bowl.

00:39:22But spoons and forks were a problem.

00:39:25I think I went to every store in my city until I could finally find them.

00:39:29As soon as I got back home, I cut all the fruits and made a fruit salad.

00:39:33I hadn't eaten much that morning, as you remember.

00:39:36Honestly, it was the best salad ever.

00:39:39I saved some money because I didn't have to buy berries, oranges, and lemons.

00:39:43But the taste was there.

00:39:45As I was enjoying my meal, the phone rang.

00:39:47It was my grandma, and she invited me for dinner that evening.

00:39:51I tried to say I couldn't make it, but she wouldn't listen.

00:39:55Grandmas.

00:39:56You know it's just impossible to skip when they want to feed you.

00:39:59So, she said she didn't want to hear any excuses and that I had to be at her house by 6.

00:40:06This meant I couldn't wait until tomorrow.

00:40:08I had to go to the doctor right then and get rid of this superpower before my grandma made

00:40:13me eat puke and drink tea with black pepper.

00:40:17I checked the time.

00:40:18I had only 20 minutes before my doctor left, and the clinic was several blocks away.

00:40:23I finished my salad and ran out of the apartment.

00:40:26I got to the clinic just 5 minutes before it closed for the day and asked if my doctor

00:40:31could see me because I had an emergency.

00:40:33To my relief, he agreed.

00:40:35When I told him that I could taste colors, he looked at me puzzled and probably thought

00:40:40it was a stupid prank.

00:40:42Then I told him the whole story about the fried egg for breakfast and how I bought and

00:40:46tasted all the markers that violet was blueberry and green was not an apple as he might've

00:40:51thought.

00:40:52That I spent hours trying to find a transparent spoon and fork.

00:40:57To be honest, in my head, it sounded better and was making much more sense.

00:41:01The doctor was silent and kinda suspicious.

00:41:04He measured my temperature, my blood pressure, and looked at my mouth.

00:41:08So, you've been eating markers, he smiled.

00:41:11Oops, I guess my tongue was the color of a rainbow.

00:41:14Well, that really doesn't sound normal for a grown-up.

00:41:17The doctor obviously didn't believe me.

00:41:19So, he just let me go, recommending a good night's sleep.

00:41:24So, I guess I was stuck with it, and I had to go to grandma's.

00:41:28Unfortunately, there was no way she'd feed me strawberry yogurt for dinner.

00:41:33I got home to get my new cutlery, so at least I didn't have to taste paper when eating

00:41:37with my grandma's gray metal fork.

00:41:40I had another couple of hours, so I did some Googling but still couldn't find any solution

00:41:46or even research on my condition.

00:41:48I thought that maybe I could wash it off, so I drank a gallon of water.

00:41:53But it didn't help, so I went to grandma's place feeling doomed.

00:41:58Plus, I really needed to go.

00:42:00She was happy to see me and announced that she had my favorite broccoli pancakes for

00:42:05me.

00:42:05Yeah, maybe yesterday they had been my favorite, but definitely not anymore.

00:42:11I tried to say I'm not hungry and I could just drink some orange juice.

00:42:15But of course, she wouldn't listen.

00:42:17She gave me a plate with 5 pancakes and a cup of black tea.

00:42:21Suddenly, I got an idea of how I could get rid of at least the pepper taste.

00:42:25If I put a piece of lemon in the tea, I'll get brown.

00:42:29Therefore, I'll have a coffee tea instead of a pepper tea.

00:42:33I was lucky.

00:42:34My grandma did have the lemon, so the tea problem was solved.

00:42:38But the worst part was the pancakes, and my grandma was looking at me all excited and

00:42:43pleased.

00:42:44I had to eat.

00:42:45I was trying hard to control my facial expression and looked very happy as if I was eating the

00:42:51best food on the planet, even though it was the most terrible meal in my life.

00:42:56And yes, I was drinking a lot of my coffee tea.

00:42:59Well, 3 cups.

00:43:01But when I finished and thanked my grandma, she was so happy that I understood eating

00:43:06puke was worth it.

00:43:08Turned out my grandma actually had a vanilla yogurt.

00:43:11So I ate all she had to get rid of the taste I still had in my mouth after the pancakes.

00:43:17On my way home, biting my strawberry lip, I was thinking.

00:43:21I had to come up with a plan on how to get rid of this ability.

00:43:25But I couldn't think of anything.

00:43:27So, as soon as I got home, I just went to sleep, even though it was only 9 pm.

00:43:32I slept for 11 hours.

00:43:34And the next morning, I made myself a fruit salad with yogurt.

00:43:38Again.

00:43:39I guess from then on, it was my dish for the rest of my life.

00:43:43I was eating it with my transparent fork and watching a TV show.

00:43:47When I suddenly realized I couldn't taste any lemon there.

00:43:51And no orange as well.

00:43:53I bit my lip, and it didn't have a taste anymore.

00:43:56With my hands shaking, I opened the fridge to get my strawberries.

00:44:00I ate one, and it tasted like a regular normal strawberry.

00:44:05No chili pepper.

00:44:06Everything was back to normal like it never happened.

00:44:10But I swear it did.

00:44:11Really!

00:44:13Ah, such a beautiful day, isn't it?

00:44:16It is, until it all goes boom!

00:44:18It's gravity disappearing for just a second.

00:44:21Let's recap the events from the smallest to the largest scale.

00:44:25We'll start with you.

00:44:26Yes, you.

00:44:27If gravity is lost for a single second, unfortunately, you'll most probably be no more.

00:44:33Thing is, gravity doesn't only keep you anchored to the Earth,

00:44:36it also holds all the atoms inside your body together.

00:44:40If this force completely disappears even for such a short period of time,

00:44:44chances are you'll simply fly apart.

00:44:48If you don't, then you'll start floating above the ground.

00:44:51Not high, though, because one second isn't enough to fly too far away.

00:44:55If the gravity stops working only for you,

00:44:58then you'll levitate a little over an inch upwards and then fall back without consequences.

00:45:03Your thoughts will be occupied by the lack of oxygen in your lungs, though,

00:45:07because with no gravity, your blood will stop pumping.

00:45:12Now, if it affects the surrounding objects as well, you'll be lucky to be away from home

00:45:17because everything around you will float too.

00:45:19And after a second, all your cutlery, your bed, your wardrobes, etc. will smash down on the floor.

00:45:26Luckily, buildings and trees will probably stay put

00:45:29because they're strongly rooted in the ground by their own means.

00:45:33Still, the picture won't be pretty, and it'll be up to you to clean that mess.

00:45:37Aw, shucks.

00:45:39By the way, you surely know our planet is spinning

00:45:42and hurtling through space at mind-blowing speeds,

00:45:45so there's a chance that if gravity does turn off for a second,

00:45:49everything on the Earth's surface will succumb to inertia

00:45:52and fly horizontally at several hundred miles per hour.

00:45:56That will be an even bigger mess.

00:45:58But only if everything retains its mass.

00:46:00If it doesn't, then it should be no problem.

00:46:03Maybe.

00:46:05Yet the real trouble starts if the gravity disappears for the entire planet.

00:46:10The force of gravity is equal to the pressure from inside the Earth.

00:46:14And if the outside pressure is gone,

00:46:16nothing will stop the molten innards of our planet from bursting onto the surface.

00:46:21An immense earthquake will begin all over the Earth as the tectonic plates move upwards.

00:46:26Also, all the world's volcanoes will probably erupt too,

00:46:30since the lava will be pumped up with the pressure.

00:46:33If such a mega-eruption occurs,

00:46:35no life will survive except the sturdiest of creatures, such as tardigrades.

00:46:41The clouds of volcanic ash will spread across the whole planet, blocking the Sun.

00:46:46At first, the temperatures will rise due to the greenhouse effect.

00:46:50But then the planet will cool down, and a new ice age will begin.

00:46:55Optimistic.

00:46:56This will all happen even if the gravity returns after a second.

00:46:59Because the motion will already start, and it'll take a more powerful force to calm it down.

00:47:05Up above, the atmosphere of the Earth will simply evaporate.

00:47:09The air we breathe is also kept around the planet by the force of gravity.

00:47:13So if it pops, we'll have nothing to fill our lungs with.

00:47:17When the gravity comes back in a second, the atmosphere will eventually gather itself back.

00:47:22But the damage will have been done already.

00:47:24It will take a lot of time for the air to return to its original composition.

00:47:30Meanwhile, in space, things are even worse.

00:47:33As far as we know, everything in the Universe is held together by gravity,

00:47:38including other planets, stars, galaxies, and even galactic clusters.

00:47:43On a cosmic scale, our planet is but a fleck of dust having a really tiny mass.

00:47:49The Sun is incredibly huge by comparison.

00:47:51It's 109 times bigger in diameter and over 300,000 times more massive,

00:47:57which is why its gravity is able to keep so many planets in its orbit.

00:48:02And now that enormous force is just poof!

00:48:06Even though it's only a second, the immense pressure of gas from inside our star makes it

00:48:11explode, sending a heat wave far greater than anything we've ever experienced in history.

00:48:16Now, the Sun will most likely survive because a second is too short a period

00:48:21of time for the star to inflate too much.

00:48:23But the same can't be said about Mercury, Venus, Earth, and probably Mars too.

00:48:28Mercury, being the closest, will probably be simply incinerated.

00:48:33The temperature on Venus is already extremely high,

00:48:36but it will spike even more, scorching its surface.

00:48:39Good thing it's not inhabited.

00:48:41And bad thing that Earth is.

00:48:43The heat wave from the Sun will probably obliterate our atmosphere first

00:48:48and then do the same with the surface.

00:48:50So, from the looks of it, nothing will be able to survive.

00:48:53Again.

00:48:54Oh well.

00:48:56But that's not even close to the end.

00:48:59Our Sun is one of the smallest stars in the Universe,

00:49:01the biggest known one being about 1,500 times larger and more massive.

00:49:07If such a giant loses its gravity for a second, everything around it for millions

00:49:11upon millions of miles will simply disintegrate, including other smaller stars.

00:49:17But the objects with the most mass and, as a result,

00:49:21the most gravity are neutron stars and black holes.

00:49:24Both of them are extremely small for their mass, like me.

00:49:28But the pressure inside them is so immense that the loss of gravity for even a fraction

00:49:33of a second might mean a tremendous space explosion.

00:49:37And with a whole second, it's basically warranted.

00:49:40Nobody knows for sure, though, how black holes operate,

00:49:43so there's a chance that something else will happen with them.

00:49:47Or nothing at all.

00:49:50Finally, on the largest scale, if gravity decides to take a second-long break,

00:49:55surprisingly, nothing much will happen.

00:49:58Planets will mostly retain their orbits, although they might change a little bit,

00:50:02and if we talk about galaxies or galactic clusters, those won't even notice anything.

00:50:08The biggest changes will be local because, as I said earlier,

00:50:11stars will explode, and the larger the blast, the more it will affect the neighboring celestial

00:50:16bodies.

00:50:17For example, if a star large enough sends a wave of energy in the direction of our solar system,

00:50:24it might send asteroids flying toward us from the Oort cloud.

00:50:27Those space rocks fall onto the Moon and even Earth quite regularly, but they're mostly rather

00:50:33small.

00:50:34The ones sent to us by a star explosion, however, might be a lot bigger and more dangerous.

00:50:39We will be protected by other planets, but still, the chances of collision will be a lot

00:50:45higher than normal.

00:50:46But who cares, really?

00:50:47We'll be toast by then!

00:50:50Obviously, this is all just speculation.

00:50:53Nobody knows for sure what will happen if gravity suddenly decides to stop working even

00:50:58for a second.

00:50:59What we know, though, is that it can't happen without numerous laws of physics being broken

00:51:04all at once.

00:51:05Scientists are pretty certain such a turning off is impossible altogether.

00:51:09For this to happen, everything in the Universe will have to lose its mass first.

00:51:14Mass is the main reason things have gravity.

00:51:17So, the heavier the object, the more gravity it has.

00:51:20Even you have it.

00:51:21It's just so small that you can't feel it.

00:51:24But if you were several million times more massive, you'd probably be the center of

00:51:28everyone's attention.

00:51:30Hey, I'd use that opportunity!

00:51:35You've spent your entire life researching microorganisms.

00:51:38Last few years, you've been creating a device that can shrink you in size.

00:51:43And finally, it's ready.

00:51:45At first, you want to shrink yourself to the size of a thumb so you can probably see some

00:51:50microbes with the unaided eye.

00:51:53And then, after more experimenting, you hope to shrink to the size of a bacterium yourself.

00:51:59To make the journey safe, you put on a special suit, similar to a spacesuit.

00:52:04It's equipped with a life-support system.

00:52:07You direct a beam from the device at yourself.

00:52:10The beam must change your mass and volume.

00:52:13To return to the previous state, you must stand on a round platform the size of a hockey

00:52:18puck.

00:52:19You put it near your feet so you can easily climb on it when you get smaller, press the

00:52:23button, and activate the machine.

00:52:26Ooh, something's wrong.

00:52:27The device gives an error, and you shrink not to the size of a thumb, but a thousand

00:52:32times smaller to the size of a bacterium.

00:52:35Oops.

00:52:36You become so small that the fleece of the carpet on which you were standing seems to

00:52:41be the size of huge trees.

00:52:44Now don't panic.

00:52:45You need to find the puck, stand on it, and you'll return to your normal size.

00:52:50It was right next to your feet, just an inch away.

00:52:53Wait, but what's one inch now, when a thousand people your size can fit on the tip of a human

00:52:59hair?

00:53:00You decide to climb the fleece to see where the puck is.

00:53:03You can't see the lab ceiling.

00:53:05The room is out of focus because of its huge size.

00:53:09You're surrounded by thousands of bacteria.

00:53:12They're so different in sizes and colors, but you can identify three main forms.

00:53:18Round bacteria that look like spheres are cocci.

00:53:21They can merge with each other and increase in size.

00:53:25Cylindrical capsule-shaped bacteria, looking like sausages or bananas, these are bacilli.

00:53:31And spirobacteria are called spirilla.

00:53:35At the end of their body, they have a hair-like psyllium.

00:53:38Bacteria are essential for our planet.

00:53:40They help to produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.

00:53:44They purify the water and air, digest the food inside our stomachs, and improve our

00:53:49immune system.

00:53:50They're crawling on the ground all over the carpet.

00:53:54You start climbing the fleece.

00:53:55On your way, you meet cocci that look like huge potatoes, spirilla similar to spaghetti.

00:54:02After a few hours, you finally reach the top of the carpet.

00:54:06For you, it was a long time, but in reality, just a couple of minutes have passed.

00:54:11The smaller you are, the slower the time's going.

00:54:14Do you remember how difficult it is to swat a fly?

00:54:18That's because it sees your movements in slow motion.

00:54:21So, looking around, you see an endless forest of fleece.

00:54:25In the distance, you can see the silhouette of a big mountain with a flat top.

00:54:30It seems bigger than Everest to you.

00:54:33Great.

00:54:34Now you need to get there alive.

00:54:37Suddenly, a huge bacterium attacks you from below.

00:54:41It's several bacillus joined together.

00:54:43They look like a bunch of sausages.

00:54:45To escape, you jump down.

00:54:47You weigh so little that falling from any height is safe.

00:54:51You run through the dense forest.

00:54:53You notice that almost all bacteria are going at you.

00:54:56Most of them eat organic material, such as glucose or carbohydrates.

00:55:01And right now, lucky you, you're the biggest source of carbs.

00:55:06Smaller microbes stick to your legs, arms, and face.

00:55:09You shake them off and fall.

00:55:11Several bacilli joined together are approaching.

00:55:14But then, a round object with spikes the size of a football crashes into them.

00:55:20You see a lot of these balls and realize they're viruses.

00:55:24Microorganisms that can't live apart from bacteria.

00:55:27To reproduce, they must infect a living being.

00:55:31The viruses have entered the bacterium.

00:55:33Other bacteria that chase you are attacked too.

00:55:37You see a gigantic bacterium that looks like a passenger Boeing without wings.

00:55:41It's a type of kachi.

00:55:43Several big balls attached to each other and about to eat you.

00:55:47You see a small prickly football getting inside its body.

00:55:51The bacterium shivers and freezes.

00:55:53After a moment, a hole appears in it, and hundreds of thousands of viruses fly out.

00:55:59They're everywhere and looking for a new host.

00:56:03Prickly balls fly towards you at high speed.

00:56:05You grab a piece of lint and swing it like a baseball bat.

00:56:09You fight off the viruses one by one.

00:56:12Your bat breaks, and you run away.

00:56:15It seems that you're safe now.

00:56:17You're entering a huge field.

00:56:19There's nothing here but bacteria.

00:56:21You realize this is a small spot on the carpet that you accidentally burned a few months ago.

00:56:27There's a billion microbes here, and they're multiplying at a tremendous rate.

00:56:31One bacterium increases in size and splits into two.

00:56:35After a few minutes, these two bacteria also grow and divide.

00:56:39Now there are four of them.

00:56:41The colony of bacteria grows exponentially.

00:56:45With such rapid reproduction, a single bacterium can create offspring

00:56:49weighing about a ton in 24 hours.

00:56:52After five days, the bacteria will be able to fill all the seas and oceans.

00:56:57Fortunately, the speed with which they divide is equal to the speed of their destruction.

00:57:03Dryness, a ray of light, high temperature, humidity,

00:57:07all these phenomenon control the population of microbes.

00:57:10Under ideal conditions, the bacteria could take over the whole world.

00:57:15You make your way through a field of microorganisms.

00:57:18Large bacteria consume small ones.

00:57:21They multiply and are being destroyed.

00:57:24It's a boiling sea of life.

00:57:26You feel your foot is stuck.

00:57:28You stepped on something sticky.

00:57:30Right underneath, a large spherical bacterium crawls out of the ground.

00:57:35It's connected with other bacteria and hasn't gotten a certain form.

00:57:39It looks like formless pulsing biomass.

00:57:42The thing is clinging to your body, wrapping you.

00:57:46It feels like you're being absorbed by warm jelly.

00:57:49The bacterium compresses your chest.

00:57:51It's hard to breathe and move.

00:57:53At this moment, something that looks like a metal screw smashes into the bacterium.

00:57:58A large diamond bursts in next.

00:58:00After that, several thin smooth legs looking like curved needles get inside too.

00:58:06All these details unite and transform into a strange creature inside the microbe.

00:58:12A diamond is attached to one end of the screw, and the needle legs cling down.

00:58:17Several dozen of these break into the jelly's body.

00:58:20They connect together and form an army of robots.

00:58:24All these creatures break out from a small hole in the bacterium

00:58:27and tear the microbe to pieces.

00:58:29You escape and find yourself in chaos.

00:58:33The little robot with a diamond for a head is called a bacteriophage.

00:58:37Despite their appearance, they're created by nature, not artificially.

00:58:42The goal of bacteriophages is to attack and destroy bacteria from within.

00:58:47That's how they reproduce.

00:58:49These creatures are all around us everywhere and control the population of microorganisms.

00:58:55When bacteria multiply inside the human body, they leave waste products of decay.

00:59:00This waste is harmful to the body, so it has to fight.

00:59:04Sometimes doctors use bacteriophages, so they help to get rid of bad microbes.

00:59:10They don't attack anything but bacteria.

00:59:13And now you see hundreds of billions of bacteriophages destroying billions of bacteria.

00:59:19The walking diamonds jump on the bacterium, plunging their heads into it,

00:59:23and release the genetic code, separate parts that assemble in new bacteriophages.

00:59:29You continue on your way and take a few diamonds with you just in case.

00:59:33The road is long, but after a few weeks, you finally manage to reach the puck.

00:59:39In the normal flow of time, it's been an hour.

00:59:42You're exhausted, and there's still a whipping to the top.

00:59:46The puck is so high that you can't see the top of it.

00:59:49You can't sleep because you might wake up inside some microbe.

00:59:54There are still a lot of bacteriophages around, but you don't want to take any chances.

01:00:00A deafening crash shakes the air.

01:00:02It's like an airplane turbine is running right next to your ear.

01:00:06You're looking up.

01:00:07A creature the size of a city lands on the carpet from the sky.

01:00:12It flaps its wings and makes this noise.

01:00:14The wings create a hurricane.

01:00:17You grab the fleece to keep yourself from being blown away.

01:00:20The creature smells bad.

01:00:22One of its legs resembles a large skyscraper.

01:00:25You realize it's a fly.

01:00:28Here's your chance to get to the puck.

01:00:31Big orange eyes divided into thousands of segments look like two planets.

01:00:36You climb on the tip of the fly's leg.

01:00:38The insect takes off, and you hold on tight.

01:00:41The carpet is moving further and further away.

01:00:44From up here, you can see the top of the puck.

01:00:47It's so wide that you can't see the round edge.

01:00:51You let go of the fly and fall.

01:00:53In the air, you run into millions of bacteria.

01:00:57Finally, you land on the solid puck surface.

01:01:00The device activates, and you return to your normal size.

01:01:04You are, indeed, one lucky bug.

01:01:10Ah, you're flying first class to Paris.

01:01:13Vacation, sightseeing, it's all good.

01:01:16Then the pilot comes on.

01:01:17Attention passengers, this is your captain speaking.

01:01:20The ground below us is jello.

01:01:22We cannot land.

01:01:24Everyone on the plane panics.

01:01:26Is there no wiggle room?

01:01:28Down there, apparently, it's all wiggle room.

01:01:31The seatbelt sign turns on, but no one seems to care.

01:01:35People topple over each other.

01:01:36The flight attendants try to calm everyone down, but they get pushed around and ignored.

01:01:41There's food flying everywhere.

01:01:43People are frantically dumping out their carry-ons to find who knows.

01:01:47You look out the window and see buildings falling down like dominoes.

01:01:51The roads begin to look like spaghetti, and the sea is being washed inland.

01:01:55The mountains out in the distance are also caving in, causing massive amounts of landslides.

01:02:01It really does look like jello.

01:02:03Your phone starts going crazy with breaking news alerts.

01:02:06This phenomenon is happening all over the world, but it's not a giant earthquake or anything.

01:02:11The Earth's crust has lost its strength and has become soft, birthday cake soft.

01:02:17The Earth has many layers stacked on top of each other.

01:02:21The inner core, the outer core, the mantle, and the crust.

01:02:25That's the top layer that we all walk around on.

01:02:28When the mantle moves a little too much, the crust starts to shift.

01:02:32That's sort of what an earthquake is.

01:02:35The crust has about 7 massive pieces and a bunch of smaller ones.

01:02:39Now they've all split up into millions of pieces.

01:02:43It's like the whole world's one giant waterbed.

01:02:46The Eiffel Tower, the pyramids of Egypt, the Great Wall of China,

01:02:50skyscrapers, bridges, you name it, they're all in trouble.

01:02:55Years later, you and the rest of humanity have adapted to the Earth's new wobbly surface.

01:03:01Your daily routine now consists of wearing special shoes

01:03:04to help you keep your balance wherever you go.

01:03:07Say goodbye to high heels and sneakers.

01:03:10These boots have a special gadget that glues you to the ground,

01:03:14kind of like a gecko scaling a wall.

01:03:17Sleeping in constant motion is the new normal.

01:03:20But it's not like sleeping on a waterbed.

01:03:22It's way worse.

01:03:24Imagine waking up in the middle of the night for a glass of milk,

01:03:28and the ground's moving around like crazy.

01:03:30You'd fall down 20 times before making it to the kitchen.

01:03:34Going downstairs would be more of a sliding situation.

01:03:38Houses built with concrete don't exist anymore.

01:03:41You have a sort of giant bubble as your house now.

01:03:44With the help of special technology,

01:03:46the ground inside the bubble can be stabilized so it won't shake all the time.

01:03:51The foundation underneath your house sways with the wiggly crust

01:03:55so that it doesn't collapse.

01:03:57People rely heavily on drone technology to deliver food,

01:04:01supplies, or the latest cell phone.

01:04:04In fact, the whole sky is regularly filled with drones going from place to place.

01:04:09Sports gets totally revamped.

01:04:11Basketball players are now equipped with helmets and protective body gear

01:04:15so they don't hurt themselves when they fall, which is a lot.

01:04:19You try dribbling on a soft surface.

01:04:21It's borderline impossible.

01:04:24One sport that survives is ice hockey.

01:04:26Actually, all ice sports.

01:04:28Speed skating, figure skating.

01:04:30As long as the ice is thick enough, it doesn't matter what's going on underneath.

01:04:35Pretty much everyone relies on these bubbles to do anything or get anywhere.

01:04:40Think of it like a giant hamster ball floating on a shallow lake.

01:04:44Humans have adapted and don't get motion sickness anymore.

01:04:48The new economy is still built on trade and transportation.

01:04:52But now, it's mainly done with ships.

01:04:54No more big trucks on the road.

01:04:56No more road.

01:04:58Helicopters are super popular, but landing them can be kinda hairy.

01:05:02All around the world, cities are floating and drifting around.

01:05:06That used to take millions of years.

01:05:08Now, it just takes a few.

01:05:10Imagine living in Melbourne, Australia,

01:05:13but your city's only a few months from reaching South America.

01:05:16It's like a giant cruise ship.

01:05:19All over the planet, millions of animals used to migrate

01:05:22huge distances to find water during the dry season.

01:05:25That's all over.

01:05:27Marine life and our flying friends have been relatively unaffected.

01:05:31Since the ground's always moving,

01:05:33it's impossible for huge herds of animals to stick together

01:05:37when they make their way across land.

01:05:39They're trying to adapt, but it's tough.

01:05:42Mountain goats evolved to be in the mountains.

01:05:45Now the whole world's just one flat, soft mess.

01:05:48After putting on your boots, you make your way to visit some friends down at the park.

01:05:54All inside a large bubble, of course.

01:05:57When the ground collapsed all those years ago,

01:05:59many factories went haywire and released a bunch of chemicals into the atmosphere.

01:06:04Yeah, I think I want to stay in my bubble.

01:06:07You get into your little hamster ball of a car and drive off.

01:06:11The ground is bumpy and gooey at the same time, but you make it eventually.

01:06:16Have you ever tried eating or drinking on a rocking ship?

01:06:19Sailors got used to it ages ago, but for most of us, it'd be a nightmare.

01:06:25But nowadays, everyone's a pro, handling hot soup without spilling a drop.

01:06:31After lunch, your friends decide to go out and explore the lands outside the giant bubble.

01:06:36At first, you refuse.

01:06:38But somehow, you find yourself strapped into your personal bubble car, heading for the exit.

01:06:43You sneak past security, find a place to hide the cars, and get out.

01:06:48You and your friends look ridiculous in those specialized boots and gas masks.

01:06:53Still, you wouldn't want to inhale all those toxic fumes.

01:06:57You make your way to where a large major city once stood.

01:07:01It looks like a scene from a sci-fi movie.

01:07:04Buildings piled on top of each other, with nature growing all around.

01:07:09The roads that once existed have split into their original ingredients.

01:07:13You're essentially walking on broken bricks, concrete, and asphalt.

01:07:18Statues are half-buried in the ground.

01:07:20Way out in front of you is an old abandoned airport.

01:07:24You have to watch your every step.

01:07:26The ground ripples under your feet.

01:07:28No one's been here for years.

01:07:30As you make your way to the core of the city, huge blocks of concrete break off a falling building.

01:07:36You try your best to jump out of the way, but the ground's so shaky, you barely make it.

01:07:42You and your friends finally find your way to the downtown area.

01:07:46That's when you notice a lot of water around.

01:07:48When the buildings collapsed, it destroyed all the water and drainage systems.

01:07:53All the water for homes, businesses, factories, and hundreds of nearby farms all ended up here.

01:08:00You and your friends scale a building with your gecko boots and reach the top.

01:08:04It looks like the lost city of Atlantis.

01:08:07The buildings look like ancient ruins from a forgotten civilization.

01:08:12One of your friends is getting nervous.

01:08:14Maybe it's time to go back to the bubble city.

01:08:16But you think it's better to just keep moving forward.

01:08:20You find a piece of driftwood and make a sort of improvised boat.

01:08:24You all hop on board and paddle through the city.

01:08:28Under the surface is a whole new ecosystem of underwater plants and animals.

01:08:33And not too far ahead, you spot a shipwreck that's half-submerged.

01:08:38One of your friends gets the idea of heading over there to explore it.

01:08:42The moment you step onto it, the water starts shaking.

01:08:45The ground under the ship is so fragile that any tiny change in pressure makes the ship sink deeper.

01:08:52You hop back on the boat and start to paddle back where you came.

01:08:56But the land under the water is extremely shaky, and the collapsed buildings begin to move around.

01:09:02It's like kayaking down a wild river, except it's also raining concrete.

01:09:08Once you make it back to the bubble cars,

01:09:10you and your friends decide it's time to head back to the giant bubble.

01:09:14But as you start to move, you notice that everything looks completely different.

01:09:19The ground's shifted so much, you're lost.

01:09:23Everything around you looks the same, like you're stuck in a giant maze.

01:09:27You drive around for ages. Is the giant bubble anywhere close? Impossible to tell.

01:09:34Out of nowhere, you hear a loud rumbling noise above you.

01:09:38You look up and see a helicopter soaring through the air.

01:09:41It drops down a rope ladder, and everyone climbs on.

01:09:45You were lucky this time.

01:09:50Behold the distant future.

01:09:52Yep, humans have successfully colonized Mars and the Moon.

01:09:57Problems with overpopulation and hunger on Earth are solved.

01:10:00But soon, a new threat looms over our planet, excuse me, planets, and the Moon.

01:10:07Anyway, scientists have figured out that in 150 years,

01:10:11the Sun will explode and destroy our entire solar system. Bummer.

01:10:16There's enough time to build a fleet of huge spaceships and evacuate everyone.

01:10:20But it's not enough time to come up with some sort of sci-fi space jump.

01:10:25It's been a long time since people found a new potentially livable planet,

01:10:30and the nearest ones a several million years ride away.

01:10:34There's no other choice. Humankind is evacuated into gargantuan spaceships,

01:10:39and the infinitely long voyage begins.

01:10:43A few decades pass. We leave the solar system and watch our Sun explode.

01:10:48A huge flash, and that's it. There's no more light.

01:10:52Just small faraway stars and the infinite black depths of space.

01:10:57All ships are on a synced autopilot that won't go off course no matter what.

01:11:02Even if everyone on board were to disappear, the ship would still arrive at its destination.

01:11:08So, the upside, humans will survive for millions more years.

01:11:12The downside? Because of all that time spent on space transports,

01:11:17we'll look different. Totally different.

01:11:19Ships arriving to the new planet will be populated with shapeless pulsating biomass

01:11:25sitting inside metal exoskeletons.

01:11:28Here's how it happens.

01:11:30Bones in space get weaker. So do muscles. There's no gravity,

01:11:34so your body's not under any sort of pressure to keep it running properly.

01:11:38Astronauts on the International Space Station do a lot of exercise

01:11:42to stop their muscles from withering away.

01:11:45Back to the story.

01:11:47There are gyms and special machines that recreate gravity on every space transport.

01:11:52But to save energy, they're only plugged in in a couple of hours per day.

01:11:57Unfortunately, no matter how hard people exercise, in space it just won't be enough.

01:12:03After the first hundred years, human bones have become so brittle

01:12:07that anything remotely physical can lead to injury.

01:12:10After another hundred years, people lose the ability to stand up on their two legs.

01:12:15But it's not only because of weak bones.

01:12:18After all those years in zero gravity, the human body's already changed a lot.

01:12:24A big problem is that people lose their sense of balance.

01:12:27If you try to stand up, you'll just fall.

01:12:30The ship's captains dismantled the gravity machines. They weren't working anyways.

01:12:35And all the sports equipment on board got taken apart ages ago

01:12:39and used as spare parts for the ships.

01:12:42The lack of gravity didn't just make people weaker. It also made them taller.

01:12:48The spine needs gravity to keep it stable.

01:12:50And now all those backbone discs have stretched themselves out.

01:12:55Humans are starting to look like blow-up toys.

01:12:58Everyone's given mechanical arms and legs. You just strap them on and get to work.

01:13:04Servicing the engine, cleaning out the bedrooms, throwing trash out into space,

01:13:09lifting anything. Not happening without those mechanical arms and legs.

01:13:14Time passes, and people become more helpless.

01:13:17Luckily, the mechanical bodysuits keep getting better and better.

01:13:21Since the sun collapsed in on itself, human eyes have been having a hard time.

01:13:26Inside the ships, the sun is replaced by special artificial light that also gives off vitamin D.

01:13:33Since there's way less light overall, people's pupils become wider.

01:13:38Then, after a few more centuries, their vision really starts going downhill.

01:13:43But this problem is solved by technology.

01:13:45Artificial lenses magnify light and keep humans from going completely blind.

01:13:51The ships get disinfected every single day. That stops bacteria and microbes from multiplying.

01:13:57But it also means that the human immune system doesn't have to fight off any diseases.

01:14:03Pretty soon, humans can't defend themselves against anything.

01:14:06Even a mild cold could be seriously harmful.

01:14:09It's fine for now. There are no germs or anything on board.

01:14:13But what's going to happen later on down the road?

01:14:16On the ship, millions of plants grow in special greenhouses

01:14:20with water and ultraviolet light. The plants produce oxygen and spread it through the entire

01:14:25ship. Of course, it's not enough oxygen to satisfy millions, but it helps people

01:14:30remember the planet they left behind. After centuries of living on spaceships,

01:14:35humans have adapted to the new conditions and almost stopped breathing. Lungs have

01:14:41disappeared almost completely. And humans are starting to develop other ways of getting oxygen.

01:14:46From water, from liquid oxygen tanks, we're becoming a totally new species.

01:14:52But it's not all bad. Genetic engineering is developing every year.

01:14:57Full-fledged life-support suits are created. They help with movement, strength, speed, vision,

01:15:03hearing, even speech. People's voices get so weak they can only speak in whispers.

01:15:09Luckily, the suits have built-in microphones and speakers.

01:15:13There's no food anymore, just specially created liquids. After all that time in space,

01:15:18the human stomach can't digest anything anyway. Fancy a handful of peanuts or a small cracker?

01:15:24Forget it! In the beginning, the special space food had loads of flavor. But over time,

01:15:31people sort of forgot what things were supposed to taste like. Eventually, they stopped adding

01:15:36in flavorings. And because of this new tasteless food, tongue receptors stopped working. Soon,

01:15:42people lost all sense of taste. For some people, this life seems

01:15:46unbearable. But they have a choice. They can just slide on into a cryogenic capsule

01:15:52for millions of years. Then, it's just a matter of a quick defrost when the ships finally arrive.

01:15:59But it's seriously risky to be frozen for such a long time.

01:16:03There's no guarantee that the ships won't crash into a huge meteorite or worse.

01:16:09People start to take a different approach. They upload their consciousness to a central computer.

01:16:14It's safer and requires much less power. And when you wake up,

01:16:19you can just download your mind into a new modified human suit.

01:16:24Some people decide to stay awake and live a quote normal life. Thousands of years pass,

01:16:29then millions. Humans look really different now. All their limbs are now artificial,

01:16:35and the exoskeletons they wear are controlled by mind power. With each passing millennium,

01:16:41arms, neck, legs, and spines, they become smaller and smaller.

01:16:46Brittle bones soon dissolve into nothingness. Eyes, nose, and mouths disappear. The brain

01:16:53isn't protected by a skull anymore. It's just surrounded by soft skin. Only consciousness

01:16:58remains. Nowadays, a human is a powerful high-tech robot ruled over by a small pulsating bag filled

01:17:06with a brain. It's been a few million years since humans left Earth. All the ships' inhabitants

01:17:12have already forgotten that their species was born on a planet with gravity. The history of

01:17:18life on Earth has become a myth, an ancient legend. Most people believe that these ships

01:17:24are their true homes, always have been. That's why, when humans finally reach their destination,

01:17:30no one's that eager to get off and have a walk around. Life on a new unknown planet seems like

01:17:37a huge pain in the space suit. Gravity, air, bacteria, germs… it takes several thousand

01:17:43years of evolution for humanity to get used to these new conditions. Luckily, humans have a

01:17:50secret weapon – technology. At this point, all humans are downloaded from the central computer

01:17:56into new robot suits. People face a choice – get off the ship and make this planet their new home,

01:18:02or stay and live on the ships. Those that stay on the ships set off into the expanses of space

01:18:09to explore the galaxy and discover new worlds. Those who decide to stay on the new planet have

01:18:15to adapt to the new conditions. It's pretty different from Earth. There's a different air

01:18:19density, different weather patterns, and strange new chemical elements. It will take another million

01:18:26years before these robo-brain sacks take on a new shape. One day, these distant human descendants

01:18:33will want to research their origins. They'll invent a ship that can jump through space and time.

01:18:39The research will lead them to the distant past, to the small planet Earth, to now. This might

01:18:45sound crazy, but just imagine that tomorrow someone lands in your backyard and they're your

01:18:51descendants from the future. Those passengers who stayed on the ships will probably find new planets

01:18:58and maybe decide to stay on some of them. Their bodies will change and adapt too. So,

01:19:04in billions of years, the universe will be inhabited by different amazing creatures

01:19:09that all have something in common. They were all humans once.

01:19:19Yep, there's ice all around, as far as the eye can see. A white desert covers the entrance to

01:19:26your cave, the one where you and a bunch of other settlers live. Everyone's gathered around a fire

01:19:32pit, trying to keep warm, telling each other stories about how much snow they saw the other

01:19:37day. Some are running around playing tag, throwing sticks, whatever people used to do for fun 300,000

01:19:45years ago. You're one of the earliest homo sapiens to ever walk the Earth. Others are sleeping or

01:19:53just resting their eyes. All around the cave, all you can hear are stomachs rumbling, sounds like a

01:20:00wild animal lurking around. You look out the mouth of the cave and see that the storm has cleared.

01:20:07Time to grab some tools and head out as a group. In the open wilderness, you find some berries

01:20:13covered in snow and plants that might be edible. But it's not enough to feed the whole tribe.

01:20:20It's the ice age, and there's not much vegetation growing anywhere. One of your friends spots some

01:20:27large footprints in the snow. The chase is on. You can't tell what it is, but it should be enough

01:20:33to feed everyone for a couple of days. As you go deeper into the snow-covered forest, you hear a

01:20:41growl behind you. You hope it's your stomach, but you look behind you and suddenly black out.

01:20:49An ice age is a period when large sheets of ice cover everything, changing the Earth permanently.

01:20:55It's partly responsible for the raising and lowering of sea levels, as well as the current

01:21:00layout of the continents. Picture monster-thick ice sheets spread across what's now Canada,

01:21:06Scandinavia, Russia, and even South America. That's all caused sea levels to change drastically,

01:21:13and temperatures around the world fell dramatically. And I'm not talking about just one ice age.

01:21:21There were a bunch of them. Scientists say there have been 5 major ice ages throughout history,

01:21:27lasting for millions of years. And we're in the middle of one right now. Relax,

01:21:33don't panic. It doesn't mean we're all going to be sleeping next to bonfires,

01:21:37trying to keep warm after being out all day looking for woolly mammoths. And no,

01:21:42there won't be a massive geological ice storm that freezes everything in its path.

01:21:48Ice ages have warmer periods in them that come and go, lasting for tens of thousands of years.

01:21:54In fact, billions of years ago, the Earth was one giant snowball with no life on it. And the Sun

01:22:02back then was also just a cute little fireball without enough heat to melt all that ice.

01:22:08But as the Sun got bigger and hotter, Earth's ice slowly melted away, leaving the green and blue

01:22:14ball we have today. We're living in the Quaternary Ice Age that's been going on for the past 2.6

01:22:22million years and counting. Some animals have thrived in this latest ice age, like whales and

01:22:28sharks. They've been at the top of the food chain for ages. Under them are seals, certain kinds of

01:22:35fish, otters, all the way down to tiny plankton. Up on the cold surface, mammals had to grow thick

01:22:43and shaggy fur just to stay warm. Ancient mammoths, rhinos, and bison were known to have

01:22:49thick rugs on them. They looked awesome. They were herbivores and ate small shrubs and whatever

01:22:56grass they could find. But several thousand years ago, temperatures began to rise, and most of these

01:23:02animals became extinct. The ones that remained evolved into the elephants, hippos, and rhinos

01:23:09we have today. You wake up from your blackout and find yourself face-to-face with a creature that

01:23:16kind of looks like a modern-day bobcat, except it's much bigger and furrier. It's a Smilodon,

01:23:24an epic version of a saber-toothed cat with a mean look. It's around the same size as a male lion

01:23:31and has two front fangs that make me think twice before leaving the safety of my cave.

01:23:37They look scary, but scientists think their bite wasn't as powerful as today's tigers or lions.

01:23:43What made them tough were their giant forearms used to wrestle down anyone who got on their

01:23:48nerves. In packs, they were even able to take down mammoths. Either way, you don't want to

01:23:56be waking up next to this kitty. It's staring you down ready to pounce. But you and your friends

01:24:02keep calm and slowly back off. You get the genius idea to throw a rock to distract it, then run.

01:24:11Nowadays, it's near impossible for a human to out-sprint a lion or tiger, but humans back then

01:24:17were much fitter. Once the danger's over, everyone continues to look for food. It's getting dark,

01:24:23and you haven't found anything to bring back to the cave. Suddenly, you smell something burning.

01:24:30Way off in the distance, you see a thin column of smoke rising into the sky.

01:24:35Another settlement? You and your friends look at each other and approach the smoke cautiously.

01:24:43Homo sapiens first came into being about 200 or 300 years ago. But human history didn't just pop

01:24:50up out of nowhere. As far back as 7 million years ago, some of us decided to call it quits.

01:24:57We left our chimpanzee ancestors in the jungle and started doing our own thing. And that didn't

01:25:03just happen once. Over those next millions of years, there were over 20 different human species.

01:25:10Some were our ancestors, some were twigs from a completely different branch.

01:25:15Some were tiny, others better adapted for hot or cold weather.

01:25:20Before you know it, you see a group of Neanderthals cooking some meat,

01:25:24sharpening their tools. Neanderthals were the first to migrate to Europe.

01:25:29Scientists believe they were around somewhere between 40,000 to 400,000 years ago.

01:25:35They occupied all areas between Europe and Asia, while Homo sapiens – that's us – were still

01:25:41all the way down in Africa. You enter their camp and immediately see the differences between each

01:25:47other. They're stocky and look a bit different, but there are some similarities, like flat teeth

01:25:53for chewing and gnawing, and big skulls for their big brains. They even have clothes on, like you.

01:26:00According to archaeologists, they lived in shelters and made tools out of stone,

01:26:04sticks, and bones. They welcome you inside and give you a tour like no other. You're officially

01:26:11meeting another human species. They take you inside their cave and show you some of their cave

01:26:17paintings. They were the first artists of their time. Many of their galleries are still around

01:26:23today, like the ones in caves in Spain. You know their style – minimalist paintings of deer,

01:26:29a large handprint. They also dabbled a bit in jewelry making. They made necklaces out of

01:26:35eagle talons and animal fangs. They were also probably the first ones to harness the power of

01:26:41fire. Did they discover it when a bolt of lightning hit a tree? Or when one of them

01:26:46dropped a rock on another rock, creating a spark? No one really knows. But they were able to recreate

01:26:53it and use it to keep warm, to cook food, to see in the darkness, and to protect themselves.

01:27:00After the nice tour, you hang around the campfire to keep warm. They even offer you some extra

01:27:05clothes for the journey home, mostly thick shaggy mammoth coats. If only you could talk to each

01:27:12That would be awesome. But it's getting dark, and you need to head back to the tribe.

01:27:17You say your goodbyes and thank them for teaching you how to draw a deer,

01:27:22and for that sack of food they gave you. The Ice Age was important for the development of

01:27:27the modern Homo sapiens. Because of the extreme cold and other harsh conditions,

01:27:33they had to adapt to survive, be extra clever and innovative. They developed advanced tools,

01:27:39and even used bone needles to sew warm clothing. They may have hosted the first-ever runway show.

01:27:49When the climate started to get warmer, they developed farming techniques to sustain themselves

01:27:54and mainly settled near large bodies of water, like rivers or lakes, while others opted to be

01:28:00near seas and oceans. They, I mean we, were even the first to domesticate animals. Fast forward a

01:28:08few hundred thousand years, and here we are. Here we go again. You rush around your house,

01:28:16getting your bag ready for work while you gulp down the last of your coffee.

01:28:20Your annoying alarm didn't go off, so you've been in a rush all morning. Just as you're about to

01:28:26leave, you hear a shriek coming from outside. You sprint onto the street. Maybe someone needs help.

01:28:33You look around, but nothing seems wrong. All you can see is an upset-looking woman frantically

01:28:39tapping at her phone. She suddenly turns to you and says something about the battery,

01:28:44but she's so worked up that it was hard to understand. Maybe she missed an important call

01:28:49and she needs a charger. You offer to help and run back inside to get your charger.

01:28:54When you unplug your phone, you realize that it's out of charge too. Weird, it should've been on

01:29:01100% after charging all night. You think back to your broken alarm clock and wonder whether

01:29:07there might be a local power outage or something. You get even more worried when you check your

01:29:13laptop. It won't turn on either. How are you going to give your big work presentation now?

01:29:19Whoops, you realize that the woman outside is probably still waiting for the charger.

01:29:24You rush back out, but she's gone. The street now looks like some kind of weird disaster movie

01:29:31set. It's filled with angry and confused pedestrians. You manage to pick up on a few

01:29:36words about power and batteries, and it's clear that something has gone very wrong.

01:29:43A guy that lives across the street is on the floor holding his knee and rubbing his head,

01:29:47with his hoverboard lying a couple of feet away on the ground. Looks like he took a big fall.

01:29:53You wonder why everything is going so wrong for everybody. The man, who usually delivers your

01:29:59papers, cycles up next to you. He's panting so much that he can barely get a sentence out.

01:30:05The battery on my bike is broken. I guess I'll have to ride up all these hills the old school

01:30:10way now. A friend from work runs up to you, saying her car stopped. You try to help her,

01:30:17but nope, the battery isn't working at all. It looks like everyone else is having the same

01:30:23problem. The road is completely deserted too. You try your car too, but that's not working either.

01:30:30Just as you were deep in thought, thinking about how to go about your day without your car,

01:30:35a giant hunk of metal shoots down from the sky and explodes into a million pieces. A drone just

01:30:42fell out of the sky. The street is completely filled with fire, so you and your friend run

01:30:48into your house. At least it looks like you don't have to worry about going to work today anymore.

01:30:53Your friend says none of her electronics are working, so you run around your house checking

01:30:58your things. You go into your bathroom and try the trimmer. Nope. Electric toothbrush? Also nothing.

01:31:05What about that cool remote-controlled car you got for your 12th birthday? You look under the bed.

01:31:11Yep, the car's there. And lots of dust too. You take it out and try. Nothing. Although,

01:31:19that could be just because it's over a decade old. You pull out a bundle of outdoor lights.

01:31:24Hmm, what will the holidays look like if these don't work? You feel uneasy, knowing that the

01:31:30smoke detector won't work anymore. How will you know if any of your technology goes wrong and

01:31:36starts a fire? Well, at least most of it won't be working enough to cause a fire anyway now.

01:31:43Time to check the most important thing – the TV. You pick up the remote and,

01:31:48as expected, nothing. You wonder if there's even a way to turn it on without the remote.

01:31:53After searching for a button a little while, you switch it on. You can't figure out why only

01:31:59some things seem to be working. The news stations are all talking about one thing.

01:32:04Apparently, all the batteries in the entire world have stopped working. That explains why the TV is

01:32:10fine. All of the channels showing emergency news broadcasts with clips of chaotic traffic problems

01:32:17and people despairing over their broken devices. There's a banging at your door, and you realize

01:32:23that your wireless doorbell won't ring anymore. That's actually good. Now you don't even have

01:32:28to pretend you're not home when that annoying neighbor comes to visit. Speaking of neighbor,

01:32:34hopefully, his guitar amplifier won't work anymore. You might finally be able to sleep in

01:32:40on Saturday mornings. Oh no, your new wireless headphones will be useless now. You'll still be

01:32:47paying for those for a couple more months and can't even use them. Another one of your friends,

01:32:53Ryan, is at the door. Luckily, he's a bit of a genius, so he might be able to help figure out

01:32:59what's happened. It freaks you out a bit when he tells you how bad things are looking in the world.

01:33:05Batteries are very important for our society. Most of the technology we use needs batteries

01:33:10to function. But we rarely pay much attention to them. Or at least not until our TV remote

01:33:16stops working. Ryan begins to explain that the first battery was invented at the beginning of

01:33:21the 19th century. It stores chemical energy that gets converted into electricity that we use to

01:33:27power things. You cut him off. Why would you need to know about that? How can you get your phone

01:33:33working again? He shakes his head. Apparently, scientists all over the world are looking into

01:33:39the problem. But it seems like all batteries have just stopped working completely, and they have no

01:33:45idea why. The batteries we mostly use are lithium-ion ones, the type you find in smartphones

01:33:52and laptops. These can be easily recharged and offer a smooth and reliable power supply.

01:33:58But not anymore. They're just useless chunks of metal now. The disposable ones are broken too.

01:34:05And now all batteries have stopped working. There's no way to store power at all.

01:34:10Ryan looks scared and broken. It looks like the world is heading back to the 19th century again.

01:34:17You thought this would all get fixed. But it begins to dawn on you how much the world will

01:34:22change without any way to store power. You get why Ryan looks so desperate, and your face begins

01:34:29to pale. What will people do now? No digital watches, tablets, laptops, calculators? Will we

01:34:36have to memorize phone numbers or learn what's 14 times 6? How will we tell time? Who'll wake

01:34:43you up in the morning? At least it'll be a lot easier to get to sleep early without a smartphone.

01:34:49Will people have to get up every time they want to turn on their TVs now?

01:34:54Will they have to socialize without their phones when sitting in bars? No more carrying laptops

01:34:59around and working on the go. You won't be able to jot things down on a Word document anymore.

01:35:05You'll have to get used to writing instead of typing. Pen? Paper? You haven't seen those since

01:35:11high school. Oh no, you might have to start reading books again. There won't be much else

01:35:18to do. Your Kindle isn't an option anymore, so you'll need to look into buying some real books.

01:35:24Ooh, that could get expensive. People will have to savor every moment because they won't be able

01:35:29to take pictures of anything anymore. There will be no more electric scooters or bikes.

01:35:35Electric cars won't be of much use either. Well, it's not like you could afford one,

01:35:40but still, it was good to know that some rich people out there had the option to get one.

01:35:45What kind of cars are companies going to produce now? Even boats have some parts

01:35:50charged on batteries, so they may be useless now too. Maybe you'll get to see the return of giant

01:35:57wooden galleons like the pirates used to sail on. And what about planes? Don't they need batteries

01:36:04too? Looks like that overseas trip to Spain will have to remain on the bucket list. No more listening

01:36:10to music when you're on public transportation. Are you going to have to talk to people now?

01:36:16What about social media? You won't be able to waste time scrolling through your feed anymore.

01:36:22How will you ever get to work again? With no car, you'll have to run miles every day and get up

01:36:28early. You make a note to yourself to look into getting a horse and cart. And you'll have to

01:36:34remember in which order they go. Think about it. Yep, today was an assault on batteries.

01:36:41It's time to start some new habits now, or revive some of those old, long-forgotten ones.

01:36:48Oh boy, you find yourself in the mysterious ruins of an ancient city. You're the only member of the

01:36:54expedition who has managed to make it here. You're walking through a dark maze when you

01:36:59accidentally activate a trap. Whoa, that's a strange sound. Suddenly, a huge rock starts

01:37:05rolling towards you down the hallway. You run as fast as you can, jumping over debris. A final dash

01:37:12and whoo! This room looks like a treasury. Gold coins and gems are scattered everywhere. You go

01:37:20wide-eyed with astonishment. That's enough money to live the life of luxury for decades on end.

01:37:27But it's not the shiny gold that interests you. It's an old lamp that lies in the rubble.

01:37:33As soon as you pick it up, the lamp starts shaking, and a huge genie jumps out of it.

01:37:39You have one wish. Yeah, just one because it's a lazy genie. No problem. You ask for so much

01:37:46money that you'll never be able to spend it all. The genie claps his hands and disappears.

01:37:52Ding! This is a message to your phone. Your bank account has been topped by one zero zero zero

01:38:00zero. Boy, that number doesn't even fit on the screen. You go back to the surface and pull out

01:38:07your phone. You're gonna check who's the richest man on Earth now. Ah, there you are at the top of

01:38:13the page. And again, the number ends in three dots. Well, it's time to go home and start spending

01:38:21your money. The first thing on the list is a plane ticket. An extra legroom seat? Nah,

01:38:27too cheap. First class? The same. How about your own plane? Something like an Arabian Prince would

01:38:34own. You opt for a huge Airbus 380 converted into a private jet. There's a spiral staircase,

01:38:41an elevator, four VIP rooms, a concert hall, a Turkish bath, and a parking lot.

01:38:48You press the pay button, and your plane's waiting for you on the landing strip.

01:38:53You check your bank account, and the number hasn't even changed. So the genie didn't cheat.

01:39:00As you fly home, you wonder about other ways to spend your endless supply of money. A car? A house?

01:39:07You need some more time to mull it over. You land in your country, and now you need to get home.

01:39:14Taking a bus or catching a cab is out of the question. You walk up to a newly purchased

01:39:20Bugatti. This car is one-of-a-kind and costs $18.6 million.

01:39:28Your small apartment doesn't suit you anymore. You need something bigger. A skyscraper! So,

01:39:33the world's most expensive skyscraper has been the Abraj Al Bayt in Saudi Arabia that cost $16

01:39:40billion to build. But you invest $20 billion to break the record. The construction has started,

01:39:47but you still need somewhere to live. You buy a penthouse at 172 Madison Avenue in New York City

01:39:54for $100 million. You've already spent $17 billion, but it doesn't seem your bank account

01:40:01has changed. You feel bored. You decide to entertain yourself by buying the costliest

01:40:07things in the world. A watch with a bunch of the world's rarest diamonds? $55 million. Got it!

01:40:15One more car, this time an old-school Ferrari worth $70 million. It's yours!

01:40:23A baseball card that costs more than $3 million. Hey, why not? A $450 million painting created by

01:40:31Leonardo DiCaprio. Oops, I mean Leonardo da Vinci. It goes into the basket too.

01:40:37Wow, this shopping is so exhausting! Time to relax! Which means a private island! $610 million

01:40:46is the price of a huge island in Hawaii. It's the size of a large city, and now it's all yours!

01:40:54You aren't going to board your old plane to get to the island. You're buying a new one!

01:41:00It's a Boeing 747, the model presidents use when they need to fly somewhere.

01:41:06$660 million, and now it's all yours! Sitting on a luxury plane with a large

01:41:14team of flight attendants at your service, you feel like the world's number one person.

01:41:20And you've already imagined sailing around your new island, right? How could you forget about a

01:41:25yacht? The world's most expensive one is plated with gold and reportedly has some T-Rex bones in

01:41:32the bedroom. It took 3 years and 10 tons of solid gold to build, and you buy it for almost $5 billion.

01:41:41The island looks deserted. There's nothing here but golden beaches and lush greenery.

01:41:46But aren't you the richest man in the world? You decide to build yourself a palace. Click,

01:41:52and $3 billion Buckingham Palace appears on the island. And one more for your guest, please!

01:42:00Now you're actually traveling around the beautiful island on your own yacht.

01:42:04But your face doesn't look happy. The entertainment for the rich is rather boring.

01:42:09You look up at the sky and think about flying to the stars.

01:42:14And here you are, standing on the launch pad near the rocket that's about to take you into space.

01:42:20You've paid $52 million to do it. But the International Space Station seems to be filled

01:42:25with nothing but research labs. Not too exciting. That's why you build a new $150 billion space

01:42:33station with lots of fun stuff and even a spa. You've already spent more money than all the

01:42:40richest people on the planet ever have. But your bank account still hasn't changed whatsoever.

01:42:46Your imagination is running amok. Ooh, Mars! You spend another $2.5 billion and become the

01:42:53first person to set foot on Mars. Well, red sands, steep mountains, craters… But there's nothing to

01:43:00do, even for you, the man with an unlimited amount of money. So you slam your rocket's door closed

01:43:07and go home. All your skyscrapers are already built. New York City with your house in the

01:43:14middle looks very different now. You're lying in a giant bedroom with marble floors,

01:43:20ancient Chinese vases, and a fountain. Your money can buy anything, but you're lonely.

01:43:27So you have another skyscraper built next to yours. This one is for your friends. And one more

01:43:33for your family. And, of course, your beloved cat also deserves a private penthouse.

01:43:40You've run out of free space. It's time to build your own city. You choose a place that used to be

01:43:45a scorching desert with nothing but sand for miles on end. But you pay trillions of dollars

01:43:52and have a city built from scratch. There's a chain of restaurants with your name on them,

01:43:57there are billboards with your face in the streets, and a giant statue on the tallest

01:44:01building in the city looks exactly like you. The city is almost empty, but you drive through

01:44:07its streets escorted by security guards in extravagant cars. For dinner, you buy the most

01:44:14high-priced fish in the world. It's the bluefin tuna for $3 million. And then you decide it's

01:44:21time to make a movie about yourself. The most expensive movie ever made cost $400 million.

01:44:28You pay $1 billion and hire the world's highest-paid actors. But when the movie's ready,

01:44:35the only audience watching it is you. Mostly because you're in your private theater.

01:44:41When the credits are rolling, you start to throw popcorn at the screen. You didn't enjoy the show.

01:44:47You walk down a long corridor with the most expensive pictures in the world.

01:44:52Next to them, you see the rarest archaeological finds and… is it another fountain?

01:44:58No, you're not okay. You spent trillions of dollars, but you haven't gotten an ounce happier.

01:45:04You decide to go back to where it all began. With a torch in your hand, you return to the

01:45:11ancient ruins. There it is, the treasury. You find the genie's lamp where you left it.

01:45:17As soon as you pick it up, the genie appears in front of you. He laughs at you because you've

01:45:22fallen into his trap. He gave you an infinite amount of money so that these riches drove you

01:45:28crazy. But you pull out your phone and press the donate all button. In that very second,

01:45:35your money goes to charity accounts all over the world. Now scientists have more opportunities to

01:45:42work on new medicines. Ecologists have found more funds to use while saving our planet.

01:45:48And every person on Earth has enough food now. The genie gets angry because you've tricked him.

01:45:55He's about to strike you with a lightning bolt. But you grab the lamp and confine the genie to it

01:46:01forever. When you get home and turn on the TV, you see your face on every channel. You're called a

01:46:08hero, the savior of humanity. You get thousands of thank-you letters from people you've made happy.

01:46:15You smile and feel better too. Apparently, helping others is the best thing you can do.

01:46:21The ocean is turning red hot. You try to get closer for a better look, but you start feeling

01:46:27the air getting hotter and hotter, like reaching into an oven. And the sand is so hot that your

01:46:33rubber slippers start melting. The oceans somehow turned into steamy hot gooey lava.

01:46:39You start running inland and see a frenzy of people running wild. See, in reality,

01:46:46lava is made of molten rocks from below the Earth's surface.

01:46:50Deep inside our planet, like the distance between New York and Philadelphia deep,

01:46:55the underground heat from the core melts rocks the same way the sun melts ice cream.

01:47:01When these rocks melt, their temperatures can reach around 2200 degrees Fahrenheit.

01:47:07But don't worry, that only happens really deep under the ground and only in some specific areas,

01:47:13mostly around the Atlantic Ocean. And it only pops out of the ground when there's so much

01:47:18pressure that it flows up to the surface as a gooey orange super hot liquid called lava

01:47:24that usually erupts through a volcano's neck. But somehow, the entire ocean is made of lava now.

01:47:32And although from a really far away distance, it looks pretty cool to look at, it's really dangerous.

01:47:38First of all, say goodbye to the beautiful blue waves and the ocean currents. Unlike water,

01:47:44lava is thicker, closer to creamy peanut butter in texture, so the wind can't move it around like it

01:47:50used to. But that also means that nothing can sink or swim in it. So even if some ocean creatures

01:47:58could withstand the super high temperatures of lava, they won't be able to live inside of it.

01:48:04They'll either be submerged or float on the surface instead, depending on their density.

01:48:10So all our marine friends and other creatures that used to call the ocean home will need to

01:48:15find another body of water to live in if they want to survive. Actually, the only animals on this

01:48:21planet that could possibly survive the heat of lava would be the tardigrades. These cute

01:48:27microscopic creatures can survive in any extreme environment on this planet. From frozen icy

01:48:33glaciers to hot and fiery volcanoes, they can even survive in outer space under the cosmic rays.

01:48:41You run away from the beach along with everyone else nearby. The atmosphere is getting thicker

01:48:46and it's not easy to see around you. You think to yourself, I should have stayed home. But home

01:48:53isn't exactly safe either. The heat radiating from all the lava alone would be intolerable for

01:48:59miles. So no more houses by the sea and beach resorts. You're going to want to make sure you

01:49:05live as far away from the ocean as possible. Most of the coastal cities would become instantly

01:49:12uninhabitable, especially areas touching the ocean with more than one side. Places like Florida,

01:49:19California, and Central America would become mostly unbearable to live in. And that's not

01:49:25to mention island life. Most islands would be so hot that no animal or plant could survive.

01:49:3297% of the planet was made up of ocean water and it now all turned to lava. No place on

01:49:39Earth can hold snow anymore as the planet would look like a glowing orange lava ball.

01:49:45Temperatures would rise so much that the furthest place from the shores and even the highest peaks

01:49:50will still feel like the hottest day in a desert. As you keep running away from the ocean, you

01:49:55realize that maybe you're dreaming. But you look at your skin and see so much redness. Even if you

01:50:01run for miles, the heat will still catch up to you. All the offshore oil rigs and ships in the

01:50:08middle of the oceans will face plenty of problems too. Their metallic composition would simply glow

01:50:15red and melt instantly when in contact with hot lava. And even if it doesn't melt, you better

01:50:21hope nobody happens to be on it. But in any event like that, they would have evacuated everyone.

01:50:29Meanwhile, at the North and South Poles, where the planet is at its coldest, all the ice that

01:50:34was covering the ocean is instantly melting in contact with the lava. It would then cool down

01:50:40and solidify into rocky black landmasses called igneous rocks that are often glassy in texture.

01:50:47The moment the hot lava cools down, huge clouds of acidic steam and gases get released into the air,

01:50:54covering the sky. Scientists call those lays, which is a combination of the words lava and haze.

01:51:03Kind of like when you exit the shower and all the heat comes in contact with the cold outside air,

01:51:08creating a haze. Except this one would cover the whole North and South Poles, and it would be super

01:51:14toxic. It sometimes even contains tiny glass particles that are extremely hazardous. And this

01:51:21lays can travel around the world with strong enough wind and cover almost the entire Northern

01:51:27Hemisphere. It could also cover the southern part of New Zealand, Argentina, South Africa,

01:51:33and Australia. Flying an airplane through this gas wouldn't be the best idea. The heat alone

01:51:40emitted from the lava would be enough to cause major damage to the exterior and affect the

01:51:45airplane's hardware. It's a good thing you found your trusty oxygen container. The air is barely

01:51:52breathable at this point. You make your way to your car and drive away as fast as you can,

01:51:58but even your car's taken some damage. You drive out to the countryside, where the atmosphere

01:52:03hasn't been affected by the lava yet, but even all the way out here, the temperature is changing.

01:52:10The river you used to see on your weekly hikes is drying up. The plants around you

01:52:15are losing their green lush. The animals around have migrated to a different place.

01:52:21Rivers flowing into the ocean would simply create mounds of glassy igneous rocks upon contact,

01:52:28permanently creating natural dams. The rest of the water inland, like in ponds and lakes,

01:52:34would eventually evaporate over time. With the rise in temperatures and no rainfall,

01:52:40it would be the end of water on the planet as we know it. The huge mass of ocean water

01:52:45plays a major role in creating clouds and rainfall. Without water in the atmosphere,

01:52:51the sun's heat would add to the lavas. The world would be a huge barren wasteland.

01:52:57The nights would be hot and the days even hotter.

01:53:03Hop on the Bright Side of life together with our brand new tees, hoodies, and more. Click

01:53:08the link to pick your choice. Still, lava cools down eventually in contact with the cool air,

01:53:14so soon enough, the surface would start forming a thin layer of black crust that would gradually

01:53:20thicken over the years. The thicker the lava, the longer it takes to completely cool down on

01:53:25the inside. It would still be super hot though, but at least if you touch it, you won't be directly

01:53:32touching the burning lava. That's actually how many islands were formed, like the Hawaiian

01:53:38Islands for example. They're fully formed by lava erupting from below the ocean that dried over

01:53:44hundreds of thousands of years. It accumulated layers over layers of solidified lava from below

01:53:50the ocean until it rose above the surface forming islands and even mountains. As we speak, a new

01:53:57landmass in Hawaii is being formed by an active volcano. Scientists expect it to be a new fully

01:54:04formed island in about 10,000 years. So now, the view that used to be the blue ocean turned into

01:54:13steamy glowing orange slime that will in turn quickly transform into a solid black wasteland.

01:54:19But don't think you can easily walk over that ocean. It could take hundreds of years for it

01:54:25to fully cool down and turn into solid rock. Until then, walking on that dried lava crust

01:54:31would be similar to walking on a frozen lake, except that in this case, one misstep would cause

01:54:37you to fall into boiling hot lava instead of ice cold water. Some regions would even take thousands

01:54:44of years to fully solidify. The Mariana Trench, the deepest region of the ocean, is about a whopping

01:54:5043,000 feet deep. It would actually take at least 5,000 years for that much lava to completely cool

01:54:57down. There are many planets out there that are so-called lava planets. A recently discovered

01:55:03planet, K2-141b, has magma oceans, supersonic winds up to 3,000 miles per hour, and even rocky rains.

01:55:14That's right, the planet is so hot that it vaporizes rocks and rains them back down.

01:55:20Keep in mind that this planet is much closer to the sun than our planet is.

01:55:25Maybe their oceans once turned into lava overnight?

01:55:31You spend an average of 8 minutes of your day in the shower. Hey, I'm not there holding a stopwatch,

01:55:37you know, it's just typical. Anyway, that adds up to around 6 months by the time you're 60.

01:55:43All this showering takes about 11 bottles of shower gel or 30 bars of soap per year.

01:55:50You also use enough water to sprinkle over 98 football fields. Not wanting to let too much time

01:55:56and money go down the drain, you decide to reduce your showering to just water and stop using

01:56:02shampoo. You'll still wash your hands with basic soap to stay healthy. You do some research and

01:56:08find out that 80% of all those mean bacteria that make you stink can be washed off by plain water.

01:56:15You don't believe it, but you hide your soap, shower gel, and body wash and go to bed.

01:56:21On day 1 of the experiment, you wake up as usual, brush your teeth, splash yourself with nothing but

01:56:27water, and put on some organic deodorant. You just save 7 minutes and use that time to enjoy

01:56:33a cup of coffee. You arrive at the office and ask your friend Sam to sniff at you just to be sure.

01:56:40Well, he looks at you like you're crazy. Hey, what did you expect? Sam doesn't notice any

01:56:45difference at all. Triumphant, you get back home and repeat your water-only shower the next morning.

01:56:52Your hair is starting to get a bit greasy as you washed it 2 days ago. You decide to

01:56:57give it another day and gradually make those gaps between washing longer and longer.

01:57:03In the evening, you feel the temptation to reach for some shower gel.

01:57:07You really want to get a cold shower, but you realize you need higher water temperatures to

01:57:12combat those bacteria. Day by day, you get used to those sauna-like showers. You go to bed and

01:57:19see soap and body lotion in your dreams, stretching their arms toward you and begging you to get back

01:57:25to them. On day 3 of the experiment, you wash your hair with water only for the first time.

01:57:31Before you do it, you rub your scalp to spread the natural oils. Then, you pinch it in sections

01:57:37to pull the oils from the roots down to the ends. You brush it well to get rid of tangles,

01:57:43and only then you wash it with lukewarm water. You let it dry, and it feels just as clean as

01:57:48after shampoo. The rest of your body doesn't feel as clean. By day 6, you feel like you're greasy

01:57:55and dry at the same time. Your abandoned soap triumphs. You reach for it, about to give up,

01:58:02when suddenly, your TV turns on by itself. It's a whole show on how to stay clean with no soap.

01:58:09It says that Romans in the 1st century used to take 2-hour-long soaks in baths of different

01:58:15temperatures, scrape and apply oil to feel clean. For French aristocrats in the 17th century,

01:58:22changing a shirt every day and putting some water on their hands was enough.

01:58:27It's kind of a psychological thing. You have to get used to your new clean feeling.

01:58:32The smell of soap or body wash used to be your clean smell. Now, you have your own natural smell,

01:58:39and it's okay that it's not vanilla ice cream. It also explains that no soap doesn't mean no

01:58:45scrubbing. If you just stand under running water, you won't make the bacteria go away.

01:58:51You can use a washcloth, a loofah, a body brush, or whatever works for you.

01:58:56When you scrub yourself, you remove the top layer of those skin cells you no longer need.

01:59:02You tell yourself you're clean as ever, hop out of the shower, and after 15 minutes,

01:59:07you feel your skin is crisp and impeccable. You also notice your skin has that creamy soft glow

01:59:14like in a body lotion ad. The chemicals soap contains are super dehydrating. They remove

01:59:20the protective oils from your skin. It messes up the oil balance in its fragile ecosystem

01:59:25and turns it into a patchy dry desert. Water helps restore that balance.

01:59:31You get to work and ask Sam if he's noticing any changes in your smell. Again, he really doesn't

01:59:37get it, so you explain the experiment idea. He looks at you with approval and, surprisingly,

01:59:44shares some knowledge on the topic too. First, what you do for a living matters.

01:59:49If you work with dangerous chemicals, at a farm, as a gardener or construction worker,

01:59:54and contact dirt, pollens, and allergens, you have to shower daily and with soap.

02:00:00The same is with athletes, personal trainers, and fitness instructors. Unless you're one of them,

02:00:05you can go just fine with water, or even no showering at all for days. Plus, you save a lot

02:00:12of energy when you're driving and not running around. That's why people of the past needed

02:00:16the shower more often than you do. Second, your genetics also play a role.

02:00:22Your sweat glands could be more active than your neighbor's, and you could be more likely to smell.

02:00:28Your colleague Jill overhears the talk and adds it's also about what you're wearing.

02:00:32Cotton lets your skin breathe better than polyester. It also lets enough moisture escape

02:00:38so that you don't smell bad. Jill also reveals her secret. She's been taking water-only showers

02:00:44for a month. She always wears a long-sleeve shirt and jeans to the office, and she's perfectly fine.

02:00:51Her skin doesn't really get that dirty. She also confesses she has smelly feet, soap or no soap.

02:00:58As long as she's wearing shoes like most people do in the office, no one ever notices that.

02:01:03It's been 7 days since you last washed your hair with lukewarm water.

02:01:08It feels a bit greasy, but you can tell it's getting stronger at the roots. Because you don't

02:01:13wash it with shampoo anymore, all the natural oils stay on your scalp. You are retraining it

02:01:19to produce just enough of them so that your hair doesn't get greasy quickly like it used to.

02:01:25You repeat the hair ritual with massaging, preening, brushing, and washing. You go on

02:01:30with the experiment, and by the beginning of week 3, you realize you can perfectly live without soap

02:01:37and shampoo in your bathroom. You go to work, meet up with your friends, and no one notices

02:01:42any difference. You learn to accept your natural smell isn't roses, but it's not dirty socks either.

02:01:49You also realize soap doesn't deodorize, but puts on a thin top layer of fragrance. It makes

02:01:55you smell fresh and clean short-term. But then it restarts the problem it just solved.

02:02:01Your hair feels good like never before. It's perfectly hydrated, soft, silky, and even bouncy.

02:02:08It smells fresh and looks clean, so no one could tell you aren't using shampoo anymore.

02:02:14It now starts to look oily 7-10 days after washing. It also dries faster and is easier to

02:02:20handle. You save some money that used to go on shampoo, soap, shower gels, and body wash. Most

02:02:27importantly, you now have more time in the morning and before bed. You can see your skin is healthier

02:02:33than ever, and you decide to give it a soap vacation every once in a while. If you stay in

02:02:39this mode forever, you might have trouble with the remaining 20% of bacteria that can't be removed

02:02:45by just water. Their game is especially strong in the warm and humid areas of your body.

02:02:51At those times you want to use more than water, you can try one of the soap alternatives.

02:02:56You can make your own natural scrub from the ingredients you have in your kitchen.

02:03:00Oatmeal, honey, and plain yogurt mix well, same as avocado oil, honey, and sugar. You just can't

02:03:07scrub your face with it because the skin is more delicate there. You can also try oil-based

02:03:12cleansers that trap dirt and old skin cells. They don't disrupt the oil balance when you put them on

02:03:18before taking a shower. Cinnamon and cloves are both famous for their antibacterial properties,

02:03:24so their oils are perfect for this. Honey is great for keeping your body healthy and preventing the

02:03:30growth of bacteria. You can use it as a one-ingredient natural cleanser. Apple cider

02:03:36vinegar makes a great natural toner to cleanse skin. If you want to use soap, choose the natural

02:03:42options. Check if it has glycerin in it. It's a plant-based cleanser that keeps all useful

02:03:48moisture in your skin's natural protective barrier. Shea butter and coconut butter are

02:03:53used in hypoallergenic soaps. Lemon, rose, lavender, and cedarwood oils are often added

02:03:59to healthy scented soaps. Coconut and almond oil are also great moisturizers. All of it's a great

02:04:06way to have some skin in the game. Is that Earth you can see at a distance? Right. Just look at it,

02:04:14floating in space, hanging out with its planet buddies. You spot orange-red Mars and Jupiter

02:04:21with its asteroid belt. Even tiny Pluto is there. All these planets keep their distance from each

02:04:28other, moving along in their own orbits. They're not very social, you see. But that's a good thing.

02:04:34It would cause nothing but trouble if they started to bump into each other. But even though there are

02:04:40others, Earth is the only planet we know that has life. And we've even figured out why. It's because

02:04:48it was lucky enough to appear in the best spot in our solar system, in the Goldilocks zone.

02:04:54Scientists say the key ingredient for life is water. But, well, there's water on Mercury.

02:05:02This planet has deposits of water ice at its south and north poles. But only because those places

02:05:09never see the light. Everywhere else, water simply evaporates from the surface of the planet.

02:05:15Mercury is way too close to the sun. Pluto has some water too. Astronomers even think the dwarf

02:05:23planet might be up to 30% water. But it's frozen. Unlike Mercury, Pluto's too far away from the sun,

02:05:32which is why all its water is in the form of ice. But Earth hovers in a perfect spot called the

02:05:39habitable zone. It has the right temperature for the water to remain liquid and for all forms of

02:05:45life to flourish. But what if Earth was the only planet in the solar system? No Mars, no Jupiter,

02:05:52no Mercury, no Venus. Things might have turned out a little different than what we're used to.

02:05:58Remember that massive asteroid that hit the Earth around 66 million years ago?

02:06:03Well, without Jupiter and its asteroid belt, our planet would be constantly hit by meteorites and

02:06:10asteroids. And some of them would be just as big as the one that caused all that sorrow to the

02:06:16dinosaurs. These rocky fellas would be roaming around in space with no one and nothing to stop

02:06:23them. And if Earth was the only planet out there, it would also be their only target.

02:06:30But that's not all. Look at all this huge space Earth would have all to itself. It means our

02:06:36planet would have an opportunity to travel a bit. It could even choose to leave the Goldilocks zone.

02:06:43But then, would life on the planet still be the same? So let's say Earth started drifting away

02:06:49from the sun. Then, it'd soon get too cold on the planet. Picture a place where the sun doesn't

02:06:56shine anymore. Dark, cold, covered in ice and snow all year round. That would be our Earth if it

02:07:03traveled further from the sun. If this happened, our cities would start to look very different.

02:07:10Right now, Earth is full of life. Come to any park and you'll see green trees and grass everywhere.

02:07:17There will be people walking, sitting on the benches, enjoying the sun. You'll definitely spot

02:07:22someone playing soccer or frisbee. On the park's lawns, there will be people resting on their

02:07:28blankets, soaking up the sun. A few people will be reading their books, looking relaxed and happy.

02:07:34Back in space, you see Earth again. The planet is still in its favorite spot. That's why life is so

02:07:41beautiful down there. But wait, is it moving? Our planet is definitely further from the sun now.

02:07:49Has it changed things for Earth? It actually looks a bit bluer now. Down there, famous golden

02:07:56California is not so golden anymore. It's gloomy and dark, much like all other places on Earth.

02:08:04New York is covered in ice. Even in the hottest places, the temperatures are now below freezing,

02:08:11including tropical destinations like the Bahamas. After a while, liquid water turns into ice.

02:08:18The oceans now look like giant skating rinks, except there's no one to skate there since the

02:08:24planet has become way too cold to support life. Okay, then what if instead of drifting further

02:08:31away from the sun, Earth moved closer, with people still aboard? Whoa, the temperatures here are crazy,

02:08:39too hot to handle. The climate would be getting hotter and hotter. Natural disasters would start

02:08:45to occur more often. Hurricanes and floods would be a common thing on Earth now. And pretty soon,

02:08:52the planet would get too hot for people to handle. Particles from the sun would become a serious

02:08:58threat. The atmosphere would be struggling to protect Earth from solar radiation, but this

02:09:03shield would be growing weaker. Liquid water would be nowhere to be found anymore, maybe only in

02:09:10underground deposits. Earth would look a bit like Mars, all rocky and barren. The Mississippi River

02:09:17would dry up and leave behind a huge canyon. All the oceans would be gone, too. At the moment, the

02:09:24Mariana Trench is the deepest known place on Earth. It's incredibly hard to reach its bottom

02:09:29because of the immense water pressure there. But without water, trips to the deepest spot on Earth

02:09:35would be possible. It would help people uncover some more of Earth's secrets, if people still

02:09:41lived on the dry and scorching hot planet, that is. In other words, if someone was to explore Earth

02:09:47after the planet had moved closer to the sun, everything would be completely different.

02:09:53But what if Earth didn't move at all, and everything remained the same? The only difference?

02:09:58There would be no other planets around us. It would change the way people explore space.

02:10:04Sure, there would still be navigation, communication, and weather satellites. And maybe,

02:10:09space telescopes. But there wouldn't be any other space objects close enough for people to send

02:10:15missions there. This would affect the future, too. If people had no desire or opportunity to

02:10:22go to space, they would invest in their home planet. They would build sky cities instead of

02:10:27looking for other planets to colonize. These days, if you get a state-of-the-art telescope,

02:10:33you'll see distant stars and other planets. The better the telescope, the more detail there is

02:10:39for you to see. But with no other planets out there, the picture of space wouldn't be so exciting.

02:10:46Stars would still be visible, and you might even spot a meteorite or two.

02:10:50And you'd definitely see the moon. But that's about it. Space agencies would mostly be focused

02:10:57on keeping Earth secure, mainly because asteroids would become frequent visitors.

02:11:02To protect the planet, scientists would have to figure out ways to get rid of them.

02:11:08Like a massive laser beam. When turned on, it could go all the way to the moon, and even further.

02:11:14Instead of building rockets to explore space, SpaceX and NASA would be in the asteroid clearing

02:11:20business. People wouldn't even think of trying to contact other civilizations. If there were

02:11:26no planets similar to Earth, they would consider it a wasted effort. This means no radio signals

02:11:33being constantly sent out to space. A curious fact. In February of 2008, the Beatles song

02:11:41Across the Universe was beamed into deep space. It was done to celebrate both the song's 40th

02:11:47anniversary and NASA's 50th anniversary. In the 70s, people also sent a radio signal out into

02:11:56space. It contained some basic information about humans and the solar system. But it was more a

02:12:02feat of strength for technology than an attempt to contact any alien buddies we might have.

02:12:09With no planets around, the world of sci-fi would change too. There would be no more movies about

02:12:15deep space exploration. No massive spaceships and rockets would appear on the big screen.

02:12:21And since there would be no expeditions to other planets, no rovers would be sent to space to look

02:12:27for signs of life and explore new worlds. Like what the rovers on Mars are doing right now.

02:12:33People would concentrate more on their own planet. For example, they would begin to explore

02:12:38its insides. New technologies would allow us to dig much, much deeper, all the way through Earth's

02:12:44crust and further. And doesn't a trip to the planet's core sound exciting? Instead of astronauts,

02:12:52there would be explorers of the deep underground. New drilling technologies would be invented to

02:12:58make the digging process more effective. There would be new types of vehicles. They would be

02:13:03created to drill and protect explorers from the enormous underground pressure.

02:13:09While exploring the world under the planet's surface, people would likely find absolutely

02:13:14new life forms. Those would be mysterious creatures that evolved to survive in the dark,

02:13:20in extreme temperatures, and with barely any food. It certainly helped people understand

02:13:26more about their home planet. That's it for today! So hey,

02:13:30if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your friends!

02:13:34Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

Category

Transcript

Recommended