Howard Carter, l'archéologue qui a découvert la tombe du roi Toutankhamon, est célèbre pour avoir mis au jour les incroyables trésors du jeune pharaon. Cependant, son histoire a un côté obscur : on pense également qu'il a volé certains artefacts dans la tombe. Alors que Carter a marqué l'histoire avec sa découverte en 1922, des preuves suggèrent qu'il a gardé quelques objets pour lui-même. Ces artefacts ont ensuite réapparu dans diverses collections, soulevant des doutes sur son intégrité. Alors, a-t-il réellement volé le roi Toutankhamon ? Découvrons-le ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Unlike many other funerary sites in ancient Egypt, the King Tutankhamun's tomb remained hidden, in the shelter of thieves, for nearly 3,000 years.
00:10One of the reasons was that this tomb was smaller than the average and that it was hidden in the site of the Valley of Kings.
00:16This region was already abundantly explored at the time when it was found by chance on the site of the Pharaoh's tomb.
00:22The entrance was completely buried under the debris from the construction of a neighboring tomb, which also helped to preserve its secret.
00:30There was also no inscription outside the tomb.
00:33The passage of time will also have played a role in its remarkable state of preservation until the 1920s, when a man named Howard Carter finally arrived there.
00:45But was Carter a hero? Recent discoveries suggest that he could have been less honest than we might have thought.
00:51Carter was not only considered a renowned treasure hunter, he was a true archaeologist.
00:57He had, long before Tutankhamun, dived into the quest for Egyptian artifacts.
01:02He had discovered his interest in these unusual objects from childhood and had quickly begun to reproduce the sculptures and inscriptions discovered in the ancient tombs.
01:12After discovering the remains of the king Tutankhamun, Carter spent nearly a decade processing and consigning all kinds of objects, such as golden thrones, chariots and statues from the tomb,
01:23shipping them along an island to the Egyptian museum of Cairo.
01:27At least, that was the official story.
01:29More recent discoveries claim that all these objects may not have been given to the Egyptian officials.
01:35A letter found seems to reveal what Carter's policy was.
01:39Ten for them and one for me.
01:41The letter in question had been sent to Sir Alan Gardiner, a philologist and friend of Carter, and dated 1922.
01:48In his writings, Carter mentioned having discovered the tomb and asked his friend for some advice.
01:54In another letter from 1934, Gardiner seemed to thank Carter for an amulet, which had been sent to him as a gift of thanks.
02:02Carter insisted that it did not come from Tutankhamun's tomb, but it was clearly from there that it came.
02:11The British director of the Egyptian museum himself was aware of Carter's activities, but could not prove them.
02:17He compared Gardiner's amulet with others from Tutankhamun's tomb, and to his surprise, they looked very similar.
02:25Gardiner was so embarrassed to have been put in such a delicate situation that he complained to Carter in another letter.
02:32As a good friend, Gardiner preferred not to throw dirt on the famous archaeologist.
02:37Instead, he advised Carter to return his stolen objects to CARE.
02:41Just as he would advise you to give this video a thumbs up and subscribe to the channel for more incredible videos on the most pharaonic secrets in history.
02:53This is not the only creepy element about Carter's behavior after the discovery.
02:58In 1947, a man named Alfred Luca, who had worked alongside the controversial archaeologist, delivered information in an obscure carotid journal.
03:08He claimed that Carter had discreetly forced the door of the funeral chamber by himself.
03:13After which, he had closed it as if nothing had happened before making the discovery official.
03:18Why would he have done that?
03:20Well, the same theory suggests that Carter and his team could have entered the tomb earlier in order to lay hands on some ancient treasures.
03:28Of course, these people could not risk selling such objects to their survivors, but would ensure that they would be sold at auction after their death.
03:36However, Carter never admitted anything.
03:39He did not issue any official denials either, but the Egyptian government could not risk other unexplained disappearances.
03:45He was therefore forbidden access to the tomb for a while.
03:51Some have associated these disappearances with the curse of the king Tutankhamun.
03:56If you have never heard of it, know that this frightening story fascinated the crowds shortly after the discovery of the burial of the pharaoh.
04:04It was claimed that anyone who interfered with the tomb of the young king would be pursued by the curse.
04:10It is not as spectacular as a mummy throwing itself after you.
04:14But it is rumored that all those who disturbed the stay of Tutankhamun met ends as mysterious as premature.
04:22The most remarkable death linked to this alleged curse is that of George Herbert, the fifth count of Carnarvon.
04:30It was this British aristocrat who had financed the search for this tomb, and he died just a year after the opening of the cave.
04:37Today, people like to see a great mystery there.
04:40But it turns out that Herbert was already in very poor health when he arrived at Cairo, and he ended up succumbing to a common disease.
04:50Now, let's talk numbers.
04:52Many people found themselves linked to the opening of this tomb.
04:55Security guards, archaeologists, and many workers.
04:59And certainly, some of them died shortly after the tomb began to receive visitors.
05:05But as attractive as this curse is in our story,
05:09statistically, if you have a group of people involved in the opening of a tomb,
05:13you should expect a few deaths, simply by chance.
05:17The average life span of all those who had been struck by the old curse was more than 20 years after the spell was cast on them.
05:25Herbert's daughter even lived until the 1980s, 50 years later.
05:31And Howard Carter himself lived until 1939, 16 years after the great discovery.
05:37Some have suggested that this curse was nothing more than a carefully developed communication strategy.
05:44When Tutankhamen's tomb was discovered, Howard Carter was concerned about keeping the journalists away.
05:50Thus, he could have invented a curse weighing on anyone who would approach the young king's grave.
05:57But what could have been found in Tutankhamen's tomb?
06:00Well, to begin with, some jewelry.
06:03It could have been stolen by Howard Carter himself, according to a French specialist
06:08who carried out an in-depth search by examining old photos taken inside the tomb in the 1920s.
06:15He compared these images to those of various objects from museums and auction houses.
06:20And he quickly began to trace the itinerary of some of Tutankhamen's jewelry.
06:25First of all, there is this necklace, which used to adorn the pharaoh's chest.
06:30It was broken into several pieces and some parts were sent via Carter to the Nelson-Atkins Museum in Missouri.
06:37During this time, other pieces were rearranged in necklaces by people who tried to sell them at auction in 2015, but without success.
06:45The Nelson-Atkins Museum itself does not deny the facts, since it confirms the information on its own website.
06:51And then there is the famous hat of Tutankhamen.
06:54Some pearls of this one would also have been stolen by Carter.
06:58They were then put on to form a new necklace, which is now kept at the Saint Louis Art Museum.
07:04Another elegant necklace, made of enameled ceramics, spent some time at the Metropolitan Museum of New York.
07:10Fortunately, it was sent back to Egypt a little over a decade ago.
07:14It seems that it was, as one might expect, also stolen by Carter.
07:21Despite the missing articles, the tomb of Tutankhamen nevertheless revealed a multitude of incredible objects,
07:27which allowed us to learn more about this ancient culture.
07:31Let's start with the famous funerary mask.
07:33It is a huge gold work of 53 cm in diameter, adorned with semi-precious stones and glass legs.
07:40It weighs 10 kg and represents the young pharaoh with a long mustache and a headdress topped with a cobra and a vulture.
07:47On the back, a spellbook drawn from the Book of the Dead was supposed to ensure his passage into the afterlife.
07:52Tutankhamen was apparently also passionate about board games,
07:57including Senet.
07:59Four were found in his tomb, including some in ivory.
08:03Archaeologists also found a pair of gold sandals,
08:06although it is imagined that they were more for the apparatus than for comfort.
08:10In fact, the pharaoh probably never wore them in his life.
08:14Speaking of fashion articles, it seems that Tutankhamen was a rather coquettish ruler.
08:19We even found a mannequin in his tomb, which was used to choose, adjust and store his outfits and jewelry.
08:26The young king also seems to have appreciated music, according to the two trumpets that historians found in his tomb.
08:32Although it was played in 1939 during a show proposed by the BBC,
08:37the instruments are now considered too fragile to be manipulated.