Pourquoi Toutes Ces Différentes Civilisations Ont Construit Des Pyramides

Sympa

Avez-vous déjà remarqué que les pyramides sont dispersées à travers le monde entier ? On les trouve dans des lieux comme l'Égypte, le Mexique, et au-delà. Les raisons de leur construction varient, mais il existe des points communs. Dans l'Égypte ancienne, les pyramides servaient de tombes pour les pharaons, symbolisant leur pouvoir et leur autorité. En Amérique centrale et du Sud, des cultures telles que les Mayas, les Aztèques et les Incas construisaient des pyramides à des fins religieuses et cérémonielles, souvent au sein de complexes templels dédiés à leurs divinités. Dans d'autres régions comme la Chine et l'Indonésie, les pyramides étaient érigées en tant que tombes pour les dirigeants ou comme structures religieuses, reflétant des thèmes culturels et spirituels similaires.  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Before talking about why and how there are pyramids all over the world, let's talk about a few examples.

00:07I'll start with the Pyramid of the Sun in Mexico.

00:11These people really knew how to build a city.

00:15Their well-planned urban center extended over 1,800 hectares and had several pyramids.

00:23But the Pyramid of the Sun is the most impressive.

00:27This gigantic structure was built throughout our era

00:31and is one of the largest constructions of this type in the entire Western Hemisphere.

00:37It rises to 66 meters above the ground.

00:42If you ever find yourself in this ancient city, you will not be able to miss the Pyramid of the Sun.

00:49It is located just east of the Allée des Morts, the main north-south street of the city.

00:56To build this incredible pyramid, about 765,000 meters of material was used,

01:02including a red volcanic rock called tezontle.

01:06Impressive, isn't it?

01:09We know very little about those who built this pyramid and its function,

01:14but archaeologists think that there was once a temple at its top.

01:20In the 1970s, they discovered a number of tunnels and mysterious rooms in its basement.

01:27In 2011, they even found a cache containing clay pots,

01:32pieces of obsidian, bones of animals, human figurines and even a mask.

01:38Who knows what other secrets are hidden in this pyramid?

01:43If you decide to visit it, you will have to climb the 248 uneven steps on its west face.

01:50Do not stumble.

01:53Sudan also has its pyramids.

01:56The Nubian pyramids are not as large as those of Egypt, but there are still about 200.

02:02These ancient pyramids have sheltered for nearly 1,000 years the tombs of the pharaohs of the Kingdom of Meroë,

02:09which reigned over Egypt from Nubia to the Mediterranean Sea.

02:13The pyramids of Meroë were built in granite and reddish gray.

02:19And did you know that Sudan has more ancient pyramids than Egypt?

02:25The Kushite pyramids bear witness to the indigenous architecture

02:29and funerary traditions of the kingdoms of Napata and Meroë in Nubia,

02:33which ancient Egypt influenced.

02:37Meroë, where more than 40 queens and kings were buried, is the most extensive Nubian pyramid site.

02:44The walls of the tombs represent mummified kings decked out with jewels,

02:48their wooden coffers containing arches, arrows and other objects

02:53testifying to relations and trade with Egyptian and Greek civilizations.

02:59If you want to explore ancient tombs,

03:03you can avoid the crowds in Egypt and go to Sudan.

03:09Let's fly to Iraq to discover other pyramids.

03:13The ziggurats are composed of successive strata and layered temples.

03:18Instead of smooth and straight walls, they have floors, like cakes,

03:22which allowed the realization of important works and rituals.

03:27These imposing structures are scattered throughout Iraq and Iran.

03:32They bear witness to the power and skills of the peoples who built them.

03:37One of the largest and most impressive ziggurats is the hard one.

03:42It is a giant rectangular pyramid 20 to 30 meters high,

03:46surmounted by three levels of terraces and a temple.

03:53Can you imagine the number of bricks it took to build this building?

03:58720,000 for the lower part.

04:01This ziggurat was built for the Sumerian king, Ur-Namah.

04:06Like the others, it has existed for thousands of years,

04:10which explains why it was a little underprivileged.

04:14Fortunately, the Babylonian king Nabucodonosor II

04:17and a few archaeologists came to his rescue,

04:20respectively in the 6th, before our era and in the 20th century.

04:24Today it is located near the airbase of Talil.

04:29The hard ziggurat was built in 2800 BC by the king Ur-Namah

04:35for the god of the moon Nana.

04:37It was the tallest building in the city and could be seen from miles around.

04:42It looked like the arrow of a medieval cathedral.

04:45People brought their agricultural surplus there

04:48and got their share of food back, but it was also a spiritual place.

04:52Unfortunately, the temple of Nana, located at the top of the ziggurat,

04:57did not survive, but we have some blue, varnished bricks

05:01that could have been part of its decor.

05:04The lower parts of the ziggurat are still amazing.

05:07The architects even drilled holes in the outside of the temple

05:11to allow the water to evaporate.

05:15Now that we have explored some of the pyramids of our planet,

05:19let's broaden our perspective.

05:21It can be found in many regions of the world.

05:24Egypt has more than 100 pyramids,

05:27Sudan has twice as many,

05:29and dozens more are scattered in the Middle East and China.

05:34But it is in America that we find the largest number of pyramids.

05:38There are more there than in all the other parts of the world.

05:41These pyramids are located in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

05:50Here is an overview of the evolution of the pyramids throughout history.

05:53The oldest is in Egypt.

05:57It is a degree pyramid,

05:59made up of layers of superimposed stones.

06:03It is to the pharaoh Sneferu that we attribute the creation of this type of very famous pyramid.

06:09During his 45-year reign, he built three pyramids.

06:13His first two attempts failed,

06:16but he finally succeeded with the Red Pyramid,

06:19which is considered the first real pyramid.

06:24It was his son, Cheops, who built the Great Pyramid of Giza,

06:29the highest human construction on Earth for nearly 4,000 years.

06:34The pyramids of Latin America are similar to the first Egyptian degree pyramids,

06:39but they were built independently of each other.

06:43The pyramids of Sudan were built around 700 BC.

06:47They are high, but much narrower than those of Egypt.

06:51How could all these civilizations have built these buildings without communicating with each other?

06:57After all, the Aztecs, the Mayas and the ancient Egyptians were as different as possible.

07:03But despite their cultural differences, they all seemed to agree on one thing.

07:08The pyramids were pretty cool.

07:11Degree pyramids are present throughout the world,

07:14because it was the most practical and stable type of structure.

07:17It could be built in height, without light materials such as wood or metal.

07:24The triangular shape with a square base is extremely stable compared to a cubic structure,

07:29which would require more material for a lower height.

07:34As for the design of the pyramids,

07:36those of Egypt looked like giant triangles with a square base,

07:40smooth sides and a pointed top.

07:43On the other hand, the Aztecs and the Mayas preferred the appearance of a cake,

07:48with steps leading to a platform at the top.

07:51So, although all these pyramids have the same base, they each have their own style.

07:56Each group built these pyramids using different inclinations, techniques and materials.

08:03So, even if they were sometimes inspired by the work of others, they remained original.

08:09The Egyptian pyramids had smooth faces and inclinations designed to promote the ascension of the pharaoh's soul.

08:16The Pyramid of the Sun was built above caves that served as a passageway to the deities.

08:22The Mayas built the temple of Kukulkan in Chichen Itza to honor this deity,

08:27which is generally represented in the form of a snake.

08:30Named El Castillo, it has 91 steps on each side as well as a platform,

08:35i.e. 365 steps, one for each day of the Mayan calendar.

08:41Tell me, friends, how were the pyramids designed?

08:44To begin with, it was humans who built them,

08:47and not aliens landing on Earth in flying saucers.

08:51You see, one thing that all the pyramids have in common

08:54is that they were built without advanced tools and sometimes even without wheels.

08:58The workers, qualified or not, were numerous, as well as the architects.

09:04For example, it is estimated that it took 20,000 people for the Great Pyramid of Guizé,

09:09and that most of them were fine artisans.

09:13The construction of a pyramid was a large-scale enterprise

09:16that required years of planning and effort.

09:19That of Cholula, in Mexico, required 600 years of work.

09:23Translation and subtitling by QTSS

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