Monstres marins qui vous feront vous demander ce qu'ils mangent

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Transcript

00:00:00And welcome to the great fight of the century!

00:00:03The first participant to enter the ring is the Megalodon.

00:00:08This shark lived 23 million years ago and up to 3 million years.

00:00:13And at present, it holds the title of the ultimate hunter of all time.

00:00:17The second fighter also goes up on the ring, and it's the Dincleosteus.

00:00:22It lived about 350 to 380 million years ago and was the largest fish of its time.

00:00:28These creatures swam all over the world and aroused terror with their armored heads and powerful jaws.

00:00:35We will compare our fighters in several categories.

00:00:38In each of them, the winner will get a point.

00:00:42During the final round, these two sea monsters will face each other for the last time.

00:00:46And we will discover who is the real king of the underwater world.

00:00:51Bring your popcorn and your hot dog, it's time for the first round, the fight!

00:00:57Nowadays, the largest white sharks reach 6 meters.

00:01:01The Megalodon was more than twice this size, up to 15 meters.

00:01:05It's almost as long as a tennis court.

00:01:08The only fin of this shark was larger than the size of a normal person.

00:01:12The jaws of the shark were more than 2 meters wide.

00:01:16This means that you could lie down comfortably in the mouth of the creature.

00:01:21At the same time, no one would want to approach a shark the size of a big truck.

00:01:26And the Megalodon could be even bigger.

00:01:30The only remains of the old shark are its teeth and vertebrae.

00:01:34This is why scientists can only try to guess its real size.

00:01:39Now the next fighter, some species of Dincleosteus were only 1 meter long.

00:01:45But the biggest could reach nearly 9 meters.

00:01:49This fish the size of a school bus was one of the largest of its time

00:01:53and much more imposing than many sharks of our time.

00:01:57But the Megalodon is almost twice its size.

00:02:00So in this round, the Meg gets its first point and opens the score 1 to 0.

00:02:06Let's move on to the next category and it will be the weight.

00:02:10A given is a lot of weight.

00:02:14The largest of the white sharks could weigh as much as a small car.

00:02:18In this case, the Megalodon could be compared to two loaded cement trucks.

00:02:2260 tons.

00:02:24A Boeing 737 empty weighs less than the old super shark.

00:02:29If we wanted to lift the Megalodon into the air,

00:02:32it would have taken three CH-54 cargo helicopters.

00:02:36The heaviest part of the Dincleosteus was its head because of its huge bones.

00:02:41And its length could exceed 30 centimeters.

00:02:44This old fish weighed almost as much as an adult elephant.

00:02:48It was also four times heavier than most modern sharks.

00:02:52With a total weight of 4 tons.

00:02:55And despite everything, the Megalodon was almost ten times heavier than the Dincleosteus.

00:03:01Another clear victory in this round.

00:03:032 to 0.

00:03:05The next category is agility.

00:03:07What would you say to do a test on a treadmill for the Megalodon?

00:03:11Its maximum speed was 17 kilometers per hour.

00:03:14It seems rather slow, but it's not surprising.

00:03:17It would be difficult for this shark to move its huge and bulky body.

00:03:20For comparison, white sharks today, which are much smaller,

00:03:24can move at a speed of 55 kilometers per hour.

00:03:27The fastest man can swim at nearly 8 kilometers per hour.

00:03:30This means that people would not be able to escape the Megalodon in the water.

00:03:35But this shark of ancient times had trouble turning around.

00:03:38Its ability to move could be compared to that of a large cargo plane in the sky.

00:03:43The Dincleosteus, with all this heavy armor on its head,

00:03:47was perfectly protected from all kinds of enemies.

00:03:50That's why it didn't need to be a good swimmer to escape danger.

00:03:54In addition, it was the largest fish in the ocean.

00:03:58So it had nothing to fear.

00:04:01However, this creature was smaller than the Megalodon.

00:04:04Its relatively compact size, its agile lower fins and its powerful tail

00:04:09made the Dincleosteus faster than the old shark.

00:04:13So in this round, Dunn gets his first point.

00:04:17The score is 2 to 1 in favor of the Megalodon.

00:04:21Let's continue.

00:04:23Now we're going to see what our participants could use to fight each other.

00:04:27Fourth round, combat tool.

00:04:30Meg's teeth were almost as long as your forearm,

00:04:33among the largest teeth that ever existed.

00:04:36They were triangular and sharp, like razors,

00:04:39to pierce the thick skin of whales.

00:04:42The shark had five rows of teeth, with about 50 teeth per row.

00:04:46250 in total.

00:04:48Do the math.

00:04:50The Megalodon's teeth also changed throughout its life.

00:04:53Researchers still find the teeth of this old shark at the bottom of the ocean.

00:04:58The Dincleosteus, on the other hand, had no teeth at all.

00:05:01Its jaws were formed from large bone plates.

00:05:05They were incredibly sharp and shaped with long, sharp edges.

00:05:10The coolest thing was that these edges could self-sharpen.

00:05:14The shark's jaw muscles were incredibly strong.

00:05:17It allowed the creature to open its mouth in 20 milliseconds.

00:05:21Do the math.

00:05:23With such a jaw, Dunn had one of the most powerful bites on Earth.

00:05:27Its strength can be compared to that of the Mississippi alligator.

00:05:32For its incredibly strong bite, Dincleosteus gets another point.

00:05:37The score is therefore 2 to 2.

00:05:40Now, let's see which of our competitors is the most popular.

00:05:45The Megalodon is the most famous shark in the world.

00:05:48It has appeared not only in many films and comics,

00:05:52but also in the stories of fishermen all over the planet.

00:05:55Every time someone saw a large shadow prowling near his boat,

00:05:59he was afraid to see the largest shark on Earth.

00:06:02Some people think that Megalodons are always alive.

00:06:06They just hide somewhere under the surface,

00:06:09for example, in the Mariana Falls.

00:06:12But to feed such a large body,

00:06:15the shark should eat constantly, like me.

00:06:18And if this myth was true,

00:06:20you would certainly see one day a Megalodon near the surface.

00:06:24But this has never happened, so you can sleep well.

00:06:29Even if Dincleosteus is not very famous,

00:06:32he still deserves to be respected.

00:06:35He lived before the first dinosaurs,

00:06:38and was the biggest predator of his time.

00:06:41When archaeologists discovered the remains of Dincleosteus,

00:06:44they were shocked.

00:06:46They called the creature the terrible fish,

00:06:49and gave it a scientific name only years later.

00:06:53Well, even if this turn does not change the score,

00:06:56the Megalodon gets its public prize.

00:07:00And the final step, combat skills.

00:07:04The Megalodon is the title of one of the best hunters of all time.

00:07:08Scientists have managed to understand the hunting tactics of this ancient shark.

00:07:13They learned that these creatures knew in a way

00:07:16where the vulnerable points of their opponent were.

00:07:19They hit the vital organs and quickly put their enemies out of harm's way.

00:07:23Sometimes, they also aimed at the fins of the big marine creatures to immobilize them.

00:07:29They left the biggest opponents defenseless and unprotected.

00:07:33Another tactic used by the Megalodon was the approach of the belly.

00:07:37The huge shark hit a whale and left him no chance of escaping.

00:07:42In other words, intelligence and strategy were the most important skills of the Megalodon.

00:07:49At that time, it was the largest shark in the world.

00:07:52But in the oceans, there were much larger creatures than it.

00:07:57For example, whales.

00:07:59And it did not always have the courage to load them.

00:08:03As for the Dincleosteus, its asset was its powerful jaw.

00:08:08In general, the fish swam towards a smaller animal.

00:08:12Then, in a fraction of a second, it opened its huge mouth.

00:08:16And the future meal was sucked inside with water.

00:08:21As it grew up, the creature's jaw changed shape.

00:08:25That's why, after its birth, it could only feed on big soft fish.

00:08:30But as it aged, it became able to bite in harder foods.

00:08:34And later in its life, the Dincleosteus could start eating marine creatures with hard shells

00:08:40or, overall, any marine animal that existed at that time.

00:08:45Anyway, it's up to you to decide who will have the point this time.

00:08:50Do you hear the sound of the gong?

00:08:52That means it's time for our marine monsters to face each other.

00:08:57They meet in the vast waters of the ocean.

00:09:00The Megalodon is the first to spot its opponent.

00:09:04The shark wants to use its bellied approach against the powerful armor of the Dincleosteus.

00:09:10So it starts to accelerate.

00:09:12But the Dincleosteus dodges it and avoids the collision.

00:09:16As the Megalodon turns around, the Dincleosteus manages to catch the shark by the tail.

00:09:22In a fraction of a second, its powerful jaws close on the shark's fins.

00:09:27But the fish's bone plates are too short to bite through the Megalodon's thick skin.

00:09:32It starts to twist and shake its powerful tail to eject the Dincleosteus from its body.

00:09:38It looks like a rodeo.

00:09:40The Dincleosteus receives a powerful whistle and remains stunned for a moment.

00:09:45The Megalodon takes the opportunity to turn around.

00:09:48A few seconds later, the gigantic shark opens its huge jaw and ends the fight in a single bite.

00:09:55So today, the Megalodon proves once again that it deserves its title of best hunter in the marine world.

00:10:02The old shark continues its adventures in search of a stronger opponent.

00:10:06To be continued in the next episode.

00:10:10Over the last 30 years, scientists have made an incredible discovery

00:10:16of a new creature living deep under the ocean's surface.

00:10:20The name of this creature is the Harp Sponge.

00:10:23If you're wondering why it took so long to discover this animal,

00:10:27you should know that it usually lives at a depth of about 3,400 meters under the ocean's surface.

00:10:34This kind of sponge was discovered for the first time off the coast of California

00:10:38thanks to a robot strong enough to explore these extreme depths that the ocean has to offer.

00:10:44It is without a doubt an area of the planet where even the most benign-looking creatures can be potentially dangerous.

00:10:52And scientists were surprised to find that this creature was much more than a simple sponge.

00:10:58This may seem obvious, but the Harp Sponge was named after its basic structure,

00:11:03called an orb, which has the same shape as a harp.

00:11:07Each orb is made up of a horizontal branch supporting several parallel vertical branches.

00:11:12But don't be fooled by the fanciful and amusing appearance of the Harp Sponge,

00:11:17or by its pretty name.

00:11:19It is a formidable depth hunter.

00:11:22It has a unique ability to capture and envelop small animals

00:11:26with its rhizoids, short and thin fibers.

00:11:29Thanks to it, the Harp Sponge clings to the shallow and soft bottom of the ocean

00:11:34and catches the tiny creatures that are caught in its branches by the currents of the depths.

00:11:39Other spongy creatures often feed on bacteria and pieces of organic matter from seawater

00:11:45and filter them through their bodies.

00:11:48But not our Harp Sponge.

00:11:50Instead, it catches its future meal with tiny barbed hooks

00:11:55that cover each of its branches.

00:11:57The Harp Sponge has a preference for small crustaceans,

00:12:01such as crabs, squids and shrimps.

00:12:04Once it has one in its claws, it envelops the animal with a thin membrane

00:12:08before starting to digest it slowly.

00:12:11Researchers believe that the Harp Sponge uses this feeding method

00:12:15because there is not enough nutrients in the depths.

00:12:18This makes traditional feeding by filtering particles less effective.

00:12:22Research has shown that this creature is still evolving.

00:12:26The first Harp Sponges that researchers found had only two jaws.

00:12:30But later, scientists discovered other specimens that had six jaws.

00:12:35The Harp Sponge could have evolved towards this elaborate structure

00:12:39resembling a candle to increase its surface.

00:12:42In general, Harp Sponges reach a size of 30 cm,

00:12:47but researchers found one that was twice that.

00:12:50The Harp Sponge is as beautiful as rare.

00:12:53Do you see these little white balls at the top of the branches?

00:12:56Now, why not look at other creatures

00:12:59that live under the photic zone of the oceans of the Earth?

00:13:02This is the zone located under the surface of the ocean

00:13:05that still receives a bit of sunlight.

00:13:08Thanks to this, many organisms and creatures proliferate there.

00:13:12Any animal living beyond this zone is considered an abyssal creature.

00:13:18The Tomopteris annelid is a segmented worm

00:13:21found in the twilight zone of the ocean.

00:13:24It is the zone between 200 and 1,000 m under the surface.

00:13:28These creatures are often no more than 2.5 cm long,

00:13:32but the largest of them can measure up to 30 cm.

00:13:36When they swim and feed,

00:13:38these worms perform what researchers describe as an incredible dance.

00:13:42Indeed, they can swim at high speed

00:13:45and operate very easily from turns at tight angles.

00:13:48When we hear the word worm,

00:13:50we usually think of common earthworms.

00:13:53It is therefore interesting to know that there is a worm of the depths

00:13:56that never comes out of the water for its entire life.

00:13:59Most of us try to avoid contact with fallen jellyfish on the sand

00:14:03or those that swim near the surface.

00:14:06But you don't risk meeting the Krosota jellyfish,

00:14:09which is also an abyssal creature.

00:14:12This magnificent jellyfish is generally red-ruby,

00:14:15bright orange or electric purple.

00:14:18This is what allowed researchers to realize

00:14:21that they had found a new species of jellyfish.

00:14:24The creature reaches a maximum size of 2.5 cm in diameter.

00:14:28It has tentacles that extend in all directions.

00:14:31If you get close to it,

00:14:33it will gather all its tentacles towards its body

00:14:36before quickly moving away while swimming to avoid danger.

00:14:40The Krosota jellyfish is extremely rare.

00:14:43You won't see it very often

00:14:45and you may have to use the deep diving robot we already talked about.

00:14:49Now, if worms and jellyfish can seem completely harmless,

00:14:53this is not the case with the Pacific viper fish.

00:14:56This creature is equipped with a very large mouth

00:14:59and its needle-shaped teeth are the key to its hunting strategy.

00:15:04The Pacific viper fish lives at around 1,500 m under the ocean.

00:15:09But it is one of the many marine animals

00:15:12that migrate every night from the depths to less deep waters to feed.

00:15:17And what's on today's menu?

00:15:19Lots of little fish and shrimp.

00:15:22The creature can measure up to 30 cm long.

00:15:25Its two front claws, which stand on its lower jaw,

00:15:28right in front of its eyes, are particularly spectacular.

00:15:32When the fish takes off its jaw,

00:15:35its mouth can open wide enough to swallow smaller animals.

00:15:39And its teeth form a kind of cage that prevents escape.

00:15:43Have you ever seen an underwater creature that looks like a strawberry?

00:15:47Yes, it exists.

00:15:49Look at these little dots on the strawberry squid.

00:15:52This creature has a big eye and another smaller one.

00:15:55You might think it's embarrassing and uncomfortable,

00:15:58but it's actually quite the opposite.

00:16:00Its left eye looks up.

00:16:02It spots the shadows cast by other animals whose waters are dimly lit above,

00:16:07and its tubular shape helps it collect as much light as possible.

00:16:11On the other side of the squid's head, you can see its right eye.

00:16:15It's small and looks down.

00:16:17This eye searches for bioluminescence flashes

00:16:20produced by animals hiding in the darker waters below.

00:16:24Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by living organisms.

00:16:29By the way, this squid has a nickname.

00:16:31It's known as the squid squirt.

00:16:34This is simply due to the remarkable difference in size between its two eyes.

00:16:38As light does not reach the depths of the sea,

00:16:41the body of the strawberry squid seems black.

00:16:44This helps it hide from its predators, such as sharks and dolphins.

00:16:48In general, the strawberry squid reaches a length of 13 centimetres.

00:16:52It lives at about 900 metres below the surface,

00:16:55but swims towards less deep waters at night.

00:16:58The feathered star is a marine creature without a spine,

00:17:01but with feather-shaped limbs that shine from the centre of its body.

00:17:06This creature first appeared about 200 million years ago.

00:17:11Similar to sea stars, it looks like a flower.

00:17:14But if you get close to it, it quickly moves away when it swims.

00:17:18But all feathered stars can't swim.

00:17:21Many species can only crawl on the bottom of the sea.

00:17:24Like some of the other creatures of the depths that we have examined,

00:17:27the feathered star can adapt to its environment.

00:17:30It has the frightening ability to get rid of its limbs,

00:17:34in the same way that some lizards can get rid of their tails.

00:17:38This also probably helps it escape its enemies.

00:17:41Feathered stars live all over the world,

00:17:44from the equator to the poles, from the top of the reefs of shallow waters

00:17:47to the abyssal depths of the sea.

00:17:50In the category of mysterious creatures,

00:17:53the name of this one is quite appropriate.

00:17:56The vampire of the abysses could be the official symbol of the fauna of the depths.

00:18:01It has a dark red body, huge blue eyes

00:18:04and a canvas similar to a cape that extends between its eight arms.

00:18:08Its characteristics, as well as its name,

00:18:11can suggest that the creature is a kind of terrifying hunter.

00:18:14But in reality, the vampire of the abysses is a shy creature with a soft body,

00:18:20of the size, shape and color of an American football ball.

00:18:24It reaches a length of about 30 cm and lives at 900 m under the surface.

00:18:29There is almost no oxygen at this depth,

00:18:32but also relatively few predators.

00:18:36Most of the ocean is still surrounded by mysteries,

00:18:39whether they are dark corners or creatures hiding in the abysses.

00:18:43But sometimes, it gives us a glimpse of the frightening things

00:18:47that shelter it in its cold and dark depths.

00:18:50For example, when you hear the news that creatures of the depths

00:18:53have failed on the shore after the last storm,

00:18:56some just look weird,

00:18:58while others are real scary monsters

00:19:01living at more than 1,000 meters deep.

00:19:03The coldest and deepest parts of the ocean

00:19:06have generated a specific phenomenon called gigantism.

00:19:10Thus, sea spiders, calamari, worms and many other animals,

00:19:15mainly invertebrates, i.e. creatures without a spine,

00:19:19are all much bigger and more frightening

00:19:22than the versions we observe in the less deep areas.

00:19:25In the depths of the Pacific,

00:19:27you can find a sea sponge as large as a monospace,

00:19:30or the Mesonychotitis hamilton, or colossal calamari,

00:19:34which lives in the sub-antarctic waters

00:19:36and which is almost 14 times longer than the Ancornet minami,

00:19:39or Nototodarus loani,

00:19:41a type of calamari that lives mainly offshore New Zealand.

00:19:44Researchers have found quantities of sea monsters

00:19:47in the abyssal area of the ocean,

00:19:49between 4,000 and 6,000 meters deep.

00:19:52In 2021, researchers managed to bring back images

00:19:55of the giant phantom jellyfish.

00:19:57It was at a depth of 1,000 meters

00:19:59and its tentacles extended over 10 meters long.

00:20:02I would not like to fall on it at the beach.

00:20:05It probably only feeds on small fish and planktons,

00:20:08but it can swim to depths of more than 6,500 meters.

00:20:13And there, this giant jellyfish does not find enough food.

00:20:17How does it survive then?

00:20:19Scientists have not yet found the answer to this question.

00:20:23And there are even more questions about the giant calamari,

00:20:27the largest member of its species ever discovered.

00:20:30This monster is 13 meters long and weighs nearly a ton.

00:20:34Imagine that these tentacles grabbed your car

00:20:37or any object of this kind,

00:20:39they would crush it as if it were a toy.

00:20:41There is not a single light in the abysses,

00:20:44because the sun's rays cannot penetrate so deeply.

00:20:47Therefore, there are no algae or underwater plants.

00:20:50The local fauna therefore mainly feeds on snow.

00:20:53Marine snow is not like the one used to make snowballs.

00:20:57These are all the small debris or debris

00:21:00that rain from the surface of the ocean,

00:21:02perhaps even remains that the predators could not finish up there.

00:21:05So it's not much.

00:21:07But apparently, this is enough for creatures that hide in the depths,

00:21:11like giant calamari.

00:21:13Calamari that generally live at such depths

00:21:15do not bother to go looking for their prey.

00:21:18They just wait for the poor animal to swim

00:21:21up to their long tentacles and fall into the panel.

00:21:24This may not be the most effective technique,

00:21:27because few animals risk swimming in these dark and cold areas.

00:21:31But this method saves energy.

00:21:34A giant calamari eats only about 30 grams of fish per day,

00:21:37which represents about 45 calories.

00:21:40This is almost 50 times less calories

00:21:43than what an average person should consume per day.

00:21:46So, when a calamari takes a fish,

00:21:49it keeps it for a few days.

00:21:51We hope that giant calamari will not have the idea

00:21:54to go back to the surface to look for food

00:21:56when they will not have enough in the abysses.

00:21:58And we strongly wish that the giant sharks of the Groenland,

00:22:01even more numerous, will not have the same idea.

00:22:04We find them at depths up to 2,200 meters.

00:22:07They swim three times slower than we move on foot,

00:22:10that is, a speed of 1.2 km per hour.

00:22:13This slowness is part of the energy saving mechanism

00:22:16that creatures of the depths need to survive.

00:22:19But these sharks can perform short speed jumps

00:22:22when they are looking to catch a prey.

00:22:25However, they have in some way changed their behavior

00:22:28However, they have in some way changed their behavior

00:22:31from predator to prey,

00:22:34given their environment,

00:22:36because there will always be more remains falling from the surface

00:22:39than animals to hunt.

00:22:41The sharks of the Groenland only grow 1 cm per year,

00:22:44and an average individual generally measures 6.5 meters long,

00:22:47which means that they live extremely long,

00:22:50sometimes up to 400 years.

00:22:53They also have a very slow metabolism,

00:22:55which is one of the main factors of their longevity.

00:22:58The sharks of the Groenland like to spend time in cold waters.

00:23:01They are adapted to it because their tissues contain specific chemical compounds

00:23:04that prevent the formation of ice crystals

00:23:07on the whole of their body.

00:23:09This means that they have a kind of natural antifreeze.

00:23:12What makes them so big?

00:23:15Scientists are still not sure,

00:23:17but some theories try to explain it.

00:23:20According to Kleiber's law,

00:23:22sharks tend to be the most effective.

00:23:25Just compare a small fish to a whale,

00:23:28whose mass is hundreds of times higher.

00:23:31Whales have a much better metabolism.

00:23:34They conserve energy more efficiently

00:23:37and disperse it less in the environment in the form of heat.

00:23:40Larger animals can ingest larger prey.

00:23:43They are more likely to face difficult problems in their environment,

00:23:46or to defend themselves against predators that approach them.

00:23:49In addition, the body thickens when the temperatures are lower.

00:23:52The shark of the Groenland is a perfect example of this,

00:23:55just like giant sea spiders.

00:23:58Sea spiders are quite common,

00:24:01and there are very small ones, of a size of one millimeter even.

00:24:04But in the deepest areas of Antarctica,

00:24:07they become giants of one meter long.

00:24:10If they become so big, it is because the cold water contains more oxygen.

00:24:13The oxygen therefore spreads more in the animal's body,

00:24:17which allows it to grow.

00:24:20Yes, both as an organism and as a creature of nightmare.

00:24:23And what about this giant vertebrate, the Riftia pachyptila?

00:24:26Researchers accidentally discovered it

00:24:29when they surveyed the mysteries of the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.

00:24:32They came across unusual hydrothermal chimneys.

00:24:35It is the volcanic heat that is at the origin of it.

00:24:38When water infiltrates through cracks or cracks in the rock,

00:24:41these winds change direction.

00:24:45And when water comes out, it is rich in minerals and chemical compounds.

00:24:48Most animals could never survive

00:24:51to this toxic soup, but not these vertebrates.

00:24:54This was a real surprise.

00:24:57Because not only are they not bothered by these toxic chimneys,

00:25:00and by the almost boiling temperature of the water,

00:25:03but they have developed entire ecosystems there.

00:25:06They are unique because they do not need sunlight to survive.

00:25:09Instead, small bacteria

00:25:13constitute their main source of energy.

00:25:16These bacteria draw their energy directly from these toxic chemical compounds.

00:25:19So it is not photosynthesis,

00:25:22but a process called chemosynthesis.

00:25:25And these vertebrates do not have a mouth.

00:25:28The bacteria live inside them.

00:25:31Funny story, isn't it?

00:25:34Moreover, these terrifying vertebrates can reach up to 2.4 meters.

00:25:37The batinomus, or giant isopods, are not better equipped either.

00:25:41They hide in the depths of the ocean,

00:25:44500 meters or more away from the sunlight,

00:25:47and look like monstrous bats.

00:25:50They spend most of their time on the ocean floor,

00:25:53hoping to get food from the upper layers of the ocean.

00:25:56Look at these tiny claws at the end of their legs.

00:25:59These isopods are used to remain stable

00:26:02when they move on the bottom of the ocean.

00:26:05As there is no light,

00:26:08these isopods have several antennas that allow them to locate themselves.

00:26:11These sensory antennas measure about half the length of their body,

00:26:14and the batinomus also have fairly large eyes in proportion.

00:26:17These isopods can measure more than 30 centimeters from head to tail.

00:26:20They are very patient animals.

00:26:23Do you remember that we said that creatures of the depths

00:26:26rarely found food?

00:26:29Sometimes they have to wait years before getting a real meal.

00:26:32That's why their metabolism is incredibly slow.

00:26:35They can spend five years without eating anything.

00:26:38Just imagine, I'm hungry just to talk about it.

00:26:41In 2006, a biologist named Craig McLean

00:26:44did research to observe the differences between the abysses

00:26:47and the shallow regions of the ocean.

00:26:50He realized that the great depths reflected Foster's law.

00:26:53First of all, the most isolated parts of the globe

00:26:56develop a biodiversity that can not be found anywhere else.

00:26:59Secondly, small organisms develop much more

00:27:03when they are isolated than life on large terrestrial expanses.

00:27:06Resources are limited,

00:27:09but also competition and predators.

00:27:12And we still don't know a lot about these creatures of the depths.

00:27:15It is too expensive and too complicated to carry out such research.

00:27:18We will therefore expect other storms

00:27:21to show us at least part of the monstrous world

00:27:24that the frozen depths of the oceans hide.

00:27:27Do you want to give a high-five to a marine creature?

00:27:31Well, raise your swimsuit, or rather your hand,

00:27:34for the Tasmanian red-handed fish.

00:27:37This fish does not swim, it walks.

00:27:40It uses its hands in the form of a swimsuit to walk on the bottom of the ocean.

00:27:43And it is very often disturbed by swimmers and boats.

00:27:46Some people even want to bring them back as pets.

00:27:49But it is better to give them a simple sign of the hand

00:27:52and continue to swim.

00:27:55The vampire of the abysses.

00:27:58The name of this creature is Vampirotetis infernalis,

00:28:01which translates as hell's vampire squid.

00:28:04Just that.

00:28:07This squid seems to have the purpose of terrifying everyone

00:28:10with its name, its dark red color, its spikes

00:28:13and the frightening fact that it can turn inside like a sock.

00:28:16It loves to show off,

00:28:19but it is as harmless as a kitten for humans.

00:28:22It's like Dracula was scaring you,

00:28:26The vampire of the abysses feeds on food particles

00:28:29from plants and animal materials floating near the surface of the ocean.

00:28:32As it is not a predator,

00:28:35it needs an effective defensive strategy.

00:28:38And its vampiric appearance is designed to keep away

00:28:41the big creatures that want to eat it.

00:28:44Retracting is also a defensive mechanism,

00:28:47because the iridescent areas of the inner skin are more intimidating.

00:28:50It also expels a substance that has no color,

00:28:53but which is filled with bioluminescent particles

00:28:56to distract predators.

00:28:59The pacific seal.

00:29:02Going on a cruise off the coast of Mexico seems to be the perfect holiday recipe.

00:29:05The sun, turquoise water,

00:29:08the most threatened marine creature.

00:29:11Wait, what?

00:29:14The pacific seal is not dangerous,

00:29:17but don't expect it to stay in the parishes to say hello or sign autographs.

00:29:20This little cow, which is the meaning of its name in Spanish,

00:29:23vaquita, is a tiny marine mammal.

00:29:26With its black marks around the eyes,

00:29:29it looks more like a sea panda.

00:29:32Seeing one is a good luck.

00:29:35They are on the brink of extinction,

00:29:38especially because they accidentally get caught in the fishing nets.

00:29:41It is estimated that there are only 10 left in the wild.

00:29:44The blue dragon.

00:29:47The blue dragon is a fantastic animal for children.

00:29:50It is the Atlantic glocus, also called the blue dragon,

00:29:53or sea urchin, which can be found in the Atlantic,

00:29:56Pacific and Indian Oceans.

00:29:59It is a kind of mollusk and it is only 3 cm long.

00:30:02What you think is its back is actually the shiny belly of the mollusk.

00:30:05It floats regularly on its back

00:30:08so that its blue colors help it camouflage itself in the waves.

00:30:11The blue dragon is not only pretty,

00:30:14it is also intelligent.

00:30:17It usually feeds on the Portuguese gallery,

00:30:20also known as Fisalie.

00:30:23The blue dragon stores the urticaria cells of the latter

00:30:26to use them later.

00:30:29In a way, it uses its defensive mechanisms.

00:30:32When the blue dragon is threatened,

00:30:35it releases the urticaria cells it has stored

00:30:38and directs them towards the enemy to sting it

00:30:41With such a large amount of urticaria cells,

00:30:44it can be a threat to humans.

00:30:47So if you see one, don't pick it up.

00:30:50It is better to admire it from a distance.

00:30:53The blue dragon lives in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

00:30:56You may be wondering why a fish has a transparent head.

00:30:59That's a good question.

00:31:02Since the species was discovered in 1939,

00:31:05it was thought that this fish had such eyes

00:31:08that it couldn't move at all.

00:31:11It was therefore assumed that its vision was a tunnel.

00:31:14But scientists Bruce Robinson and Kim Reisenbichler

00:31:17from the Aquarium Research Institute in Monterey Bay

00:31:20recently discovered that the fish can move its eyes vertically

00:31:23through the top of its translucent head

00:31:26and thus notice if there are predators or prey nearby.

00:31:29The transparent head also allows more light to enter

00:31:32so that it can better detect prey.

00:31:35It is thought that the returning fish feeds on jellyfish

00:31:38and small species of fish.

00:31:41If you dive in the ocean at night,

00:31:44you may have the chance to see how the coralimorph orange ball

00:31:47blooms in the dark.

00:31:50But make sure to be quick because as soon as you turn on your flashlight

00:31:53to look at it, it will retract its tubes inside.

00:31:56The Megalodon, the whale shark,

00:31:59is not the largest known human shark.

00:32:02If the shark formed a kingdom,

00:32:05the prehistoric Megalodon would be the undisputed sovereign.

00:32:08The Megalodon crossed the ocean a very long time ago.

00:32:11About 15.9 to 2.6 million years ago,

00:32:14between the beginning of the Miocene and the end of the Pliocene.

00:32:17Although it has disappeared for a long time,

00:32:20people are still surprised to learn about the existence

00:32:23of these gigantic marine creatures.

00:32:26The Megalodon could reach a length of 14 to 18 meters

00:32:29and a width of more than 1.8 meters.

00:32:32A fossil of a tooth belonging to a Megalodon

00:32:35measured 18 centimeters.

00:32:38It is reassuring to know that these animals have disappeared for a long time.

00:32:41But there are still adventurers who hope to meet this monster one day.

00:32:44The Dumbo Peacock

00:32:47This adorable creature, or frightening creature,

00:32:50it all depends on the way you see it,

00:32:53is officially called Grimpotitus.

00:32:56It is called the Dumbo Peacock,

00:32:59from the name of the Disney character.

00:33:02Although Dumbo, the elephant, not the peacock,

00:33:05has been mocked for its big ears,

00:33:08it is very unlikely that this peacock will be mocked by its aquatic neighbors.

00:33:11These are the deepest peacocks,

00:33:14which live in the deepest depths of the sea.

00:33:17And you know how scary this place is.

00:33:20They only measure about 20 centimeters

00:33:23There are many species of peacocks,

00:33:26and they all have different sizes,

00:33:29colors and parts of the body.

00:33:32If you do not get tired of strange animals,

00:33:35you will be happy to learn that the depths of the sea

00:33:38have hardly been explored by humans.

00:33:41So keep your eyes open.

00:33:44Other fascinating animals of the depths

00:33:47will certainly be discovered in the future.

00:33:50The sea angel.

00:33:53These marine creatures look rather cute,

00:33:56but their diet is not.

00:33:59Their favorite food is sea butterflies.

00:34:02They fall prey to mucus traps

00:34:05and wait for them to ambush them.

00:34:08The Anemone Squat shrimp.

00:34:11This shrimp is tiny, it only measures 1.3 centimeters long.

00:34:14It is also known as the dancing shrimp

00:34:17When it is agitated, it raises its back

00:34:20above its head and makes a little dance.

00:34:23Divers also say that it voluntarily jumps on their hands

00:34:26and cleans them.

00:34:29The crocodile crab.

00:34:32This crustacean can seem quite scary,

00:34:35especially when the sun sets.

00:34:38Adult crocodile crabs measure about 90 centimeters long.

00:34:41They look like Bernard the Hermit

00:34:44but they can also hunt lizards

00:34:47and even large birds.

00:34:50The striped seal.

00:34:53The striped seal is a small and long creature

00:34:56that remains a mystery to marine scientists.

00:34:59It measures 122 centimeters long

00:35:02and has at least 750 bones in its spine,

00:35:05which is much more than any other animal in the world.

00:35:08The sea plume.

00:35:11There are many varieties of sea plumes,

00:35:14but most of them look like a pen or a feather.

00:35:17The resemblance is even more striking

00:35:20when the animal has its bulb filled with water that it digs into the ground.

00:35:23The tapestry worm.

00:35:26This creature looks like a tapestry,

00:35:29although it is very small in comparison,

00:35:32measuring only 10 centimeters long.

00:35:35Able to become both male and female,

00:35:38the sea plume fights with them to carry the offspring.

00:35:41The Flemish snail.

00:35:44Tourists love these extraordinary snails for their pretty color,

00:35:47thinking it's a shell.

00:35:50But in reality, the shell is quite firm

00:35:53and hidden under colored soft tissue.

00:35:56These snails eat the soft and toxic parts of the corals

00:35:59and store their toxins to protect themselves.

00:36:03Dolphins

00:36:06A group of dolphins play gaily near the surface of the water

00:36:09in the North Pacific Ocean on a sunny day.

00:36:12They have as much fun as possible

00:36:15until the water starts to wave.

00:36:20The waves are getting stronger and stronger,

00:36:23as if a tsunami or an underwater volcano were preparing to rage.

00:36:26Their instinct tells them to go as fast as possible,

00:36:29but they don't know in which direction to swim to be safe.

00:36:32Suddenly, a huge roar fills the air.

00:36:39The water is boiling violently

00:36:42and a giant whale erupts into the air.

00:36:45Hi mom! But wait, it's not a whale,

00:36:48it's a nyctosaurus.

00:36:51A gigantic monster, similar to a sea dragon

00:36:54that lived in the Triassic period.

00:36:57It is an incredible meter long and weighs 45 tons.

00:37:00It doesn't look very different from a dolphin,

00:37:03but this sea monster is not their cousin.

00:37:06Dolphins scatter in the depths.

00:37:09Fortunately for them, the nyctosaurus doesn't try to make their breakfast.

00:37:12It only plays, too.

00:37:15This particular species is much more friendly to sea molluscs,

00:37:18small fish and squid.

00:37:21But as there is nothing to see, it disappears again under the surface,

00:37:24swimming majestically,

00:37:27owing to its huge fins and its long tail in the shape of an eel.

00:37:30It used to travel the Earth,

00:37:33but like other prehistoric terrestrial reptiles,

00:37:36among which the whales and modern dolphins,

00:37:39it returned to the sea and evolved for millions of years.

00:37:42Its limbs turned into fins.

00:37:45Some species even had fingers on their fins.

00:37:48You could almost take them for human hands.

00:37:51They could also have a dorsal fin.

00:37:54Their heads were pointed and their jaws filled with conical teeth,

00:37:57perfect for catching small prey.

00:38:00They had big eyes, probably to see well

00:38:03in the deepest waters.

00:38:06Their caudal fin gave them considerable power.

00:38:09Like other marine creatures, they breathed the air of the surface

00:38:12and had hot blood.

00:38:15They were elongated and as beautiful as some of the most beautiful

00:38:18in the world today.

00:38:21Unexpectedly, an underwater temporal vortex opens up in front of the animal,

00:38:24sucking everything on its way like a black hole.

00:38:27The ichthyosaur disappears inside,

00:38:30shaking in all directions,

00:38:33unable to control its journey to a distant past.

00:38:36It is soon rejected in its own natural time,

00:38:39during the Triassic period, at the beginning of the dinosaur era,

00:38:42about 247 million years ago.

00:38:45The ichthyosaur was one of the first animals of its kind.

00:38:48It lived in herds or in groups of hunters.

00:38:51Although different creatures have evolved throughout the world,

00:38:54like the myxosaurus, smaller, let's stay with this one,

00:38:57because it will eventually end up in the hands of modern man.

00:39:00From the point of view of evolution,

00:39:03ichthyosaurs have lived for a very long time, millions of years.

00:39:06Many complex factors explain their extinction,

00:39:09but in simplistic terms, environmental changes

00:39:12and the appearance of more brutal predators.

00:39:15Also, some fish had evolved

00:39:18and had become too fast for the ichthyosaur.

00:39:21We will therefore leave our poor friend here,

00:39:24unable to find enough food

00:39:27and defeated by a fierce competition.

00:39:30It is hungry, tired and weak.

00:39:33It simply drifts along the currents and ends at the bottom of the ocean.

00:39:37Millions of years have passed.

00:39:40During the Triassic and the Jurassic,

00:39:43the sea level gradually decreased,

00:39:46exposing vast desert regions.

00:39:49The region we are focusing on today is Nevada,

00:39:52in the western part of the United States.

00:39:55During the Cretaceous period, a chain of volcanic islands formed.

00:39:58Geological upheavals continued,

00:40:01transforming the bottom of the ocean into modern mountain waters.

00:40:04Encrusted in the rock, and yes, you guessed it,

00:40:07we found not only ancient invertebrates,

00:40:10but also more recent creatures.

00:40:13For example, mammoths and giant parrots,

00:40:16an incredible fauna.

00:40:19But we are not here for them today.

00:40:22Let's discover what happened to our friend.

00:40:25So let's take a new leap in time until 1998.

00:40:28Place? The Augusta Mountains,

00:40:31northwest of Nevada, or more precisely,

00:40:34a place called Fossil Hill.

00:40:37A few vertebrae exceeded the rock.

00:40:40Researchers were able to determine which creature it belonged to.

00:40:43Clearly, it was huge.

00:40:46It was so buried in the rock and so complex

00:40:49that its excavation took many years.

00:40:52In September 2011, researchers found other well-preserved parts of the head,

00:40:55its skull, its anterior limbs and its thoracic cage.

00:40:58It was only in 2015 that the giant ichthyosaur was finally extracted.

00:41:01Among the fossils, there was a skull the size of an adult man,

00:41:04a shoulder and a appendix that looked like a spout.

00:41:07And it took a helicopter to move all this.

00:41:10The team named the new species

00:41:13Symbospondylus jungorum.

00:41:16Symbospondylus is a Greek word

00:41:19that means spine.

00:41:22But let's call our ichthyosaur Symbo,

00:41:25because it's easier for everyone.

00:41:28The original name is not easy to pronounce.

00:41:31Symbo was transported to the Natural History Museum in Los Angeles

00:41:34and then sent to the University of Bonn in Germany.

00:41:37His study was undertaken by paleontologist Martin Sander

00:41:40and his colleagues

00:41:43in collaboration with the University of Mayence.

00:41:46It was a unique and really exciting discovery

00:41:49because our marine reptile was the largest animal of this period

00:41:52that has never been found.

00:41:55According to what we know, according to Martin Sander,

00:41:58it is even the first giant creature to have lived on Earth.

00:42:01You can consider Symbo as the underwater T-Rex of his time.

00:42:04It is also remarkable because its species

00:42:07only lived 3 to 5 million years

00:42:10after a massive extinction episode,

00:42:13known as the Permian extinction.

00:42:16It occurred about 252 million years ago.

00:42:19The event eliminated about 90% of life forms on the planet.

00:42:22What was the cause?

00:42:25The short version is an increase in temperature

00:42:28and an increased acidification of the oceans.

00:42:31When part of the food chain goes out,

00:42:34it causes a domino effect, as you can imagine.

00:42:37Soon there is not much left to eat

00:42:40and only the strongest can survive.

00:42:43The atmosphere also had high levels of carbon dioxide.

00:42:46According to some theories,

00:42:49it was giant volcanic eruptions that caused it,

00:42:52where the Traps of Siberia are today.

00:42:55It was the largest volcanic eruption in the last 500 million years.

00:42:58The eruptions lasted 2 million years.

00:43:01Large volumes of basaltic lava covered a large part of Siberia.

00:43:04Even today, the site is covered

00:43:07with about 3 million square kilometers of basaltic rocks.

00:43:10According to other theories,

00:43:13it was an asteroid that caused the Permian extinction,

00:43:16rather than the volcanoes.

00:43:19Anyway, the result was the same

00:43:22and 81% of marine species

00:43:25and 70% of the Earth's vertebrae disappeared.

00:43:28There have been many massive extinctions

00:43:31during prehistory,

00:43:34but the size and existence of symbols

00:43:37are extraordinary considering the Permian extinction.

00:43:40Our dear friend only needed half of this time

00:43:43to establish and reach such a size.

00:43:46With the help of sophisticated computer models,

00:43:49researchers analyzed the food network

00:43:52that probably covered the area

00:43:55known today as Fossil Hill.

00:43:58They recreated the ancient environment

00:44:01thanks to the available data

00:44:04and discovered the underwater food network

00:44:07Symbols fed on marine molluscs called ammonites

00:44:10that lived between 1 and 3 million years

00:44:13after the Permian extinction.

00:44:16The extinct ammonites filled the ecological void

00:44:19that followed the mass extinction.

00:44:22They had excellent living conditions and few predators.

00:44:25Icthyosaurs also evolved rapidly

00:44:28because they were the first giant creatures

00:44:31to populate the oceans of the world.

00:44:34Symbols enjoyed a huge supply of food.

00:44:37They could eat all they wanted.

00:44:40Unlike whales, which became so big

00:44:43by absorbing food like plankton,

00:44:46Symbols and their congeners grew up thanks to ammonites

00:44:49and it took them much less time.

00:44:52It's a good message for children. Eat healthy.

00:44:55What is exciting for us today

00:44:58is that these results show that marine ecosystems

00:45:01can adapt and react well to changes

00:45:04as spectacular as climate, atmosphere

00:45:07or water conditions.

00:45:10They may have had different journeys

00:45:13but some ichthyosaurs have some in common with whales.

00:45:16They are huge and don't have big teeth.

00:45:19Water snails dive deep to hunt the giant squid.

00:45:22Symbols hunted in the same way.

00:45:25To separate their food, they used a kind of natural filter.

00:45:28Our friend probably ate fish,

00:45:31squid and even smaller ichthyosaurs.

00:45:34Some ichthyosaurs had a large number of teeth

00:45:37and a skull resembling that of a giant lizard.

00:45:40Their teeth were sharp as razors.

00:45:43Ichthyosaurs swam in the oceans

00:45:46during almost all the dinosaur era.

00:45:49We found ichthyosaur fossils in many other countries.

00:45:52In England, Norway, Japan, Germany,

00:45:55Colombia, China and Australia.

00:45:58At the time, they were the sovereigns of the underwater world.

00:46:01As the sun sets 250 million years ago,

00:46:04we could imagine that Symbol had a more peaceful fate

00:46:07and that he takes his head out of the water

00:46:10to contemplate the orange hue of this primitive sky.

00:46:13He stops for a moment before diving again

00:46:16to join his friends,

00:46:19swimming happily in search of food and adventure

00:46:22in the blue ocean of the Triassic.

00:46:28Scientists and marine biologists claim

00:46:31that the weight of the squid on the planet

00:46:34exceeds that of all the men together.

00:46:37Keep this information in mind

00:46:40while you listen to the story of the Kraken.

00:46:43No one knows exactly what this giant marine monster looks like.

00:46:46But according to the stories of the old fishermen in the taverns,

00:46:49the archives of the travelers and the legends,

00:46:52the Kraken looks like a giant squid.

00:46:55If this is the case, it has the anatomical properties

00:46:58and the reproductive functions of the squid.

00:47:01And it's a big problem for us,

00:47:04because a female squid can lay from 3 to 100,000 eggs.

00:47:07Even if most of them don't survive, it's a lot.

00:47:10Many of these creatures live in the dark depths of the ocean,

00:47:13which have not yet been fully explored.

00:47:16The metabolism of these creatures accelerates

00:47:19thanks to the increase in water temperature,

00:47:22which leads to an increase in the population.

00:47:25Scientists call the squid the bad grass of the seas

00:47:28because of their rapid reproduction.

00:47:31They are likely to exceed the population of all fish and mammals.

00:47:34They may soon be so numerous

00:47:37that they will no longer have enough food at the bottom of the ocean.

00:47:40They will then begin to migrate to the surface.

00:47:43And if this were to happen,

00:47:46humanity and all animals on Earth would be confronted with a huge problem.

00:47:49Let's look at the subject.

00:47:52As masters of nature,

00:47:55humans are able to invent toxic products to destroy the Kraken.

00:47:58But how to spread this poison?

00:48:01Giant squids, ordinary fish, dolphins, whales,

00:48:04algae and phytoplankton would also suffer if they found themselves in the water.

00:48:07More than half of the world's oxygen is produced by the oceans.

00:48:10If humans spread this poison in the water,

00:48:13they would risk disturbing the entire ecosystem of the planet.

00:48:16The ocean would become lifeless.

00:48:19We must therefore forget this idea of poisoning the water.

00:48:22For a while, we would be powerless against the squid apocalypse.

00:48:25Let's imagine that two billion squids go back to the surface.

00:48:28A few million of them are Kraken.

00:48:31The first thing these monsters will want to do is find food.

00:48:34For them, lunch is made up of fish or huge whales.

00:48:37Even if the megalodons existed,

00:48:40they would not be able to resist the giant tentacles and the powerful beaks of the Kraken.

00:48:43Now the population of fish in the ocean has decreased.

00:48:46This means that fishermen can no longer work in the oceans.

00:48:49We can fish in lakes, rivers and seas, but this is not enough.

00:48:52The products of the sea have become very expensive all over the world.

00:48:55An aquarium with red fish is a luxury.

00:48:58Of course, humans have learned to catch giant squids,

00:49:01which solves the problem of hunger in some regions.

00:49:04The squid fisherman has become prestigious all over the world.

00:49:07This fishing is dangerous and requires a lot of strength and courage.

00:49:10The second problem is that of maritime transport.

00:49:13Every day, millions of tons of goods are transported across the ocean.

00:49:16Gigantic companies and the economy of entire countries operate thanks to these transports.

00:49:21But today, the Kraken swim near the surface and make any trip dangerous.

00:49:26A single monster can quickly destroy a small ship.

00:49:29Ten or twenty Kraken are able to sink a giant cargo.

00:49:34This leads to a reduction of logistical chains.

00:49:36Communication between continents is now done by air.

00:49:40The number of flights increases.

00:49:42The price of plane tickets increases.

00:49:44Travel becomes too expensive.

00:49:46This leads to a decrease in the number of tourists in some countries,

00:49:49which disturbs their economy.

00:49:51There are more Kraken and less food.

00:49:54Resting on a beach also becomes dangerous.

00:49:56Aggressive and hungry giant squids can come to the shore to catch the swimmers in the sun.

00:50:01All shores are closed. Swimming is forbidden.

00:50:04Of course, scientists invent things to fight the squids.

00:50:07Sound barriers, for example.

00:50:09Each ship is now equipped with a device that sends powerful ultrasonic waves into the water.

00:50:13They make all the fish flee and free the passage for the boats.

00:50:16At first, it's useful.

00:50:18But then the Kraken no longer fear them.

00:50:20The ultrasounds make them angry.

00:50:22They throw themselves on the boats and cross the sound barriers.

00:50:25Another thing that frightens them is the light of the sun.

00:50:28For millions of years, the Kraken have lived in the darkness of the bottom of the ocean.

00:50:32Their eyes are used to darkness.

00:50:34They fear bright light.

00:50:36Leaving in the sun, the ships move freely.

00:50:39But as soon as the sun sets below the horizon or the clouds darken,

00:50:42the sea monsters come out of the depths of the ocean.

00:50:45This is not very useful,

00:50:47because it is impossible to cross an ocean in a single sunny day.

00:50:51In addition, nothing guarantees not to be caught in a storm

00:50:54when the sun is hidden behind the clouds.

00:50:57This is why we invent powerful projectors.

00:51:00They direct their beams towards the heads of the monsters

00:51:03and drag them into the dark depths.

00:51:05These projectors are expensive, because they require a lot of energy.

00:51:08Only some ships can afford such a device.

00:51:11And while people are looking for more efficient ways to fight the Kraken,

00:51:14the squid multiply again and again.

00:51:16And this becomes the solution to the problem.

00:51:18The ocean is lacking fish.

00:51:20Food is not available on Earth.

00:51:22Like a snake devouring a quail, the squid begin to fight each other.

00:51:26The water is filled with foam and the squids cling to each other with tentacles.

00:51:30The big Kraken fight the smaller monsters.

00:51:33Their population decreases.

00:51:35Some giant squids the size of the Eiffel Tower survive after long battles.

00:51:39And when the fight is over, small squids come into play.

00:51:42Billions of cephalopods throw themselves on the giant Kraken.

00:51:45They are like flies that attack from all sides.

00:51:48Giant monsters cannot fight them.

00:51:50The problem of travel is solved.

00:51:52The big ships can take the sea.

00:51:54But it is still dangerous to swim in the sea,

00:51:56because the small monsters are always hungry.

00:51:58The logistics chains have been restored.

00:52:00But the fish are still rare in the oceans.

00:52:02Squids, like parasites, do not allow other creatures to dominate.

00:52:06And this is where scientists come to help the fish.

00:52:09Let's go back for a moment to our current reality.

00:52:11There is what is called genetic forcing.

00:52:13It is a substance that modifies the genetic code of living creatures.

00:52:17For example, scientists have put in place a gene reader in mosquitoes responsible for malaria.

00:52:22Biologists have modified the genome of these insects,

00:52:25so that some female mosquitoes have become sterile.

00:52:28These women then spread the gene in the entire mosquito colony.

00:52:31This resulted in the appearance of a large number of insects unable to conceive.

00:52:35They continued to spread the gene,

00:52:37until the population decreased significantly.

00:52:41Genetic forcing is an inexpensive way

00:52:43to get rid of invasive species of insects or rodents.

00:52:46Scientists can thus control the population of entire species.

00:52:49But such actions can be dangerous.

00:52:52The disappearance of an animal can disrupt the whole ecosystem

00:52:55and lead to the disappearance of other animals.

00:52:58In the case of mosquitoes, nature has not suffered much.

00:53:02Scientists therefore use genetic forcing against squids.

00:53:06But why couldn't they do it from the start?

00:53:08Ordinary squids are not a threat.

00:53:10And their average life expectancy is 3 to 5 years.

00:53:13If scientists had used genetic forcing,

00:53:16then in 7 years, all the little squids would have disappeared.

00:53:19But this would not have worked with krakens.

00:53:22According to myths and legends, such a monster can live for several hundred years.

00:53:26However, when the little squids have solved the problem of the big ones,

00:53:29a gene reader comes into play.

00:53:31It takes several years to get rid of the squids.

00:53:33The oceanic ecosystem begins to rebuild.

00:53:36People take fish and marine mammals into the seas and rivers

00:53:39and transfer them to the ocean.

00:53:41The population of whales, sharks, octopus, salmon

00:53:44and hundreds of thousands of other species increases.

00:53:48But another threat is awakening in the depths of the ocean.

00:53:51It turns out that when the squids and krakens lived at the bottom of the ocean,

00:53:54they prevented even more terrible monsters from rising to the surface.

00:53:58Now that all the arthropods have disappeared, new monsters are emerging.

00:54:02First, earthquakes occur.

00:54:05But scientists discover that it is not the seabed that is shaking,

00:54:08but the back of giant crabs.

00:54:10Hundreds of leathered and clawed monsters rise to the surface.

00:54:14And this time, they can land on the shore.

00:54:29The stone fish

00:54:31Stone fish will not win beauty contests,

00:54:35unless the contest is the one with the best rock appearance.

00:54:38Their small, non-reflective eyes and rough skin

00:54:42blend perfectly in their environment.

00:54:44A big head, an even bigger mouth

00:54:47and a house full of...

00:54:49Yes, these are stones.

00:54:51And it's not because you're on the beach that you're safe.

00:54:54The stone fish can survive for 24 hours out of the water.

00:54:58Walking on one of them, or even manipulating it,

00:55:01wouldn't be really fun.

00:55:03The spines of their dorsal fins contain an extremely powerful venom.

00:55:07It is released when you walk on them

00:55:09and can cause paralysis or even a heart attack.

00:55:12You will need help, and quickly.

00:55:15No wonder it is one of the most dangerous creatures in the water or elsewhere.

00:55:19Be careful when you sneak into rocky areas.

00:55:22They love to play hide-and-seek.

00:55:25The deep-sea dragonfish

00:55:28If there was a price for the scariest fish in the ocean,

00:55:31the deep-sea dragonfish would win.

00:55:34With its shiny skin, no scales, its huge teeth

00:55:38and a face that only a mother could love,

00:55:41this naughty boy from the sea has nothing to fear.

00:55:44It likes to swim between 213 and 1829 meters

00:55:47under the surface of the ocean,

00:55:49where the waters are the darkest and the coldest.

00:55:52Like other creatures on this list,

00:55:54the deep-sea dragonfish uses the bioluminescent parts of its body

00:55:58to catch its prey.

00:56:00It also uses its appendage, which hangs,

00:56:02equipped with a small red light at its end

00:56:05and coming out of its lower jaw.

00:56:07Many fish use this small light for a prey,

00:56:10which attracts them directly into the jaws of the dragonfish.

00:56:13Very clever, dear dragonfish, very clever indeed.

00:56:17The ogre fish

00:56:20The Mariana Falls is a underwater pit

00:56:23with a depth of 10,668 meters,

00:56:26which is about 11 kilometers under the surface of the ocean.

00:56:29Let yourself sink.

00:56:31Scientists know that the Mariana Falls exists,

00:56:34but it is one of the least explored places on the planet.

00:56:37It is also the deepest area of the oceans on Earth.

00:56:40And although many creatures have probably not yet been seen by man,

00:56:44scientists had the frightening pleasure of meeting the ogre fish.

00:56:50The ogre fish bears its name.

00:56:53Just look at this thing.

00:56:55This fish is a carnivore

00:56:57and feeds on about everything it can find

00:56:59and which ends up in its mouth, with pointy teeth.

00:57:02These fish rely on their chimeric reception by contact

00:57:05to find their prey.

00:57:07In other words, they can smell the chemical residues

00:57:10from other living organisms in the deep waters.

00:57:13Indeed, they do not have light-producing cells on their bodies,

00:57:17unlike many other deep-sea fish.

00:57:20In addition, it is rather dark there,

00:57:23so everything that crosses their path, they devour.

00:57:27Although they look scary,

00:57:29they are not a threat to humans.

00:57:31They are only 18 centimeters long.

00:57:34Nevertheless, I would not want to fall on one of them

00:57:37during a pleasant swim in the ocean.

00:57:44Curiously, this prehistoric fish,

00:57:46nicknamed the sea t-rex,

00:57:48had no teeth.

00:57:50It was replaced by bone plates

00:57:52that allowed it to have the strongest bite

00:57:55compared to other monsters of its size.

00:58:01If you thought the films on sharks were scary,

00:58:04the next creature of the depths will make you swear

00:58:07to never dive in the ocean again.

00:58:10However, it lives at 914 meters underwater

00:58:13and you will probably never see it face to face.

00:58:16The goblin shark looks like a cross between a shark

00:58:19and a creature from your worst nightmare.

00:58:22These sharks have a pro-eminent muzzle in the shape of a sword

00:58:25and a jaw that moves forward to adapt.

00:58:28Unlike other sharks, which have a gray tint,

00:58:31this scary thing is not very pretty in pink.

00:58:34Apart from their scary behavior,

00:58:37what do scientists really know about the goblin shark?

00:58:40Well, not much,

00:58:42except that it can reach 5 meters long.

00:58:45It looks like there is still a lot to learn about these guys,

00:58:48if you dare to dive.

00:58:50By the way, did you know that sharks don't sleep?

00:58:53Many species have to let water flow through their gills

00:58:56to get oxygen.

00:58:58So they can't fall into a deep sleep like we do.

00:59:01That's why they stay half awake during their rest.

00:59:04In general, sharks don't even close their eyes.

00:59:11This shark is a living horror,

00:59:14with large and pointy lower teeth,

00:59:17while the upper ones are much smaller.

00:59:20When its teeth fall, the shark eats them to get its calcium level.

00:59:23A rather smart solution for a shark.

00:59:31Studying the shark is like looking through a portal

00:59:34to prehistoric times.

00:59:36Indeed, scientists think that these sharks,

00:59:39which look like eels,

00:59:41haven't changed much since their oldest ancestors

00:59:45so they are sometimes called living fossils.

00:59:48The mouth of these animals is filled with 25 terrifying rows

00:59:51of pointy teeth facing backwards,

00:59:54300 in total.

00:59:56They are designed to grab prey and hold them firmly

00:59:59so they can't escape,

01:00:01according to the first studies on the shark,

01:00:04carried out in 1884

01:00:06and published in the Essex Institute's bulletin.

01:00:09Fortunately for swimmers,

01:00:11sharks live between 119 and 1,280 metres

01:00:14under the ocean,

01:00:16so they will probably never meet them.

01:00:19Everything is in the probably.

01:00:21It's probably the worst nightmare of all dentists.

01:00:27Look at this little piece of shoe.

01:00:30The Astroscopus gutatus

01:00:32is certainly not a creature

01:00:34you want to see at the bottom of the ocean.

01:00:37This horrible creature hides its body under the sand

01:00:40to wait for its prey.

01:00:46Here is another shark

01:00:48in our list.

01:00:50It lays down at the bottom of the ocean

01:00:52and patiently waits for its prey.

01:00:58The ghost shark of Australia

01:01:00is not really a shark,

01:01:02but a very bone-eating fish.

01:01:04It is also a living fossil.

01:01:06It hasn't changed in the last 400 million years.

01:01:09Believe it or not,

01:01:11sharks and humans have a common ancestor

01:01:13that lived there about 440 million years ago.

01:01:16Even if we have both evolved in our own way,

01:01:19there are still signs of this link.

01:01:21For example, the genome of an elephant chimera

01:01:24is very similar to that of humans.

01:01:31This list of terrifying creatures

01:01:33would be incomplete

01:01:35without mentioning the terrifying and prehistoric

01:01:37Liopleurodon.

01:01:39This carnivorous reptile

01:01:41existed at the calovian stage of the Middle Jurassic

01:01:44and reigned over the waters

01:01:46with its 2.7 meters long.

01:01:48Scientists believe that the Liopleurodon

01:01:50lived in a deep underwater pit

01:01:52thanks to its ability to swim over long distances

01:01:55and to its four pallet-shaped limbs.

01:01:58Although it was probably unable

01:02:00to propel itself towards its prey

01:02:02like other animals in the region,

01:02:04it nevertheless managed to accelerate

01:02:06and attack in an absolutely pitiful and effective way.

01:02:09In addition, it used its long muzzle

01:02:12to feel its prey,

01:02:14which leads scientists to believe

01:02:16that it did not depend on sight to hunt.

01:02:18This means that it could have survived

01:02:20in the darkness of the Marian Basin.

01:02:22About 150 million years ago,

01:02:24the Liopleurodon died

01:02:26due to competition for prey

01:02:28with other marine reptiles

01:02:30in full bloom.

01:02:32And I think I speak on behalf of everyone

01:02:34who says thank you my god for that.

01:02:36If we consider that scientists

01:02:38have explored only 5% of the marine basins

01:02:40and that they have found some

01:02:42of the scariest marine creatures

01:02:44that we can imagine,

01:02:46we can only dream of other animals

01:02:48that reside in deep waters.

01:02:50It may be preferable to keep them

01:02:52in your imagination.

01:02:54I'm wrong.

01:02:56The big-mouthed shark.

01:02:58This shark is a filter

01:03:00and it is nice to humans,

01:03:02but its huge mouth may seem

01:03:04quite threatening.

01:03:06Like the pelican,

01:03:08it swims with its mouth constantly wide open,

01:03:10as if it were on Twitter.

01:03:12The pelican big-mouthed shark.

01:03:14This deep-sea eel

01:03:16has an easily distended belly

01:03:18that allows it to swallow prey

01:03:20twice its size

01:03:22in a single monster mouth.

01:03:24It has a very unusual shape of jaw

01:03:26and can reach a length

01:03:28of 61 to 91 cm.

01:03:30Do you see this big log

01:03:32near the bottom of the ocean?

01:03:34It may be part of an old ship,

01:03:36a treasure, gold, diamonds,

01:03:38I'm rich!

01:03:40As you approach, you notice something.

01:03:42It swims.

01:03:44It is not a shark or a dolphin,

01:03:46it is a saltwater crocodile.

01:03:48Now, don't panic.

01:03:50If you come across one of these reptiles

01:03:52in the sea, it is unlikely

01:03:54that they consider you as food.

01:03:56Crocodiles have a special valve

01:03:58in their throat

01:04:00that prevents them from drowning.

01:04:02But that doesn't mean

01:04:04they can't bite.

01:04:06Normally, they go to a nearby island

01:04:08and the fastest way to get there

01:04:10is to body-surf.

01:04:12They can't really take the ferry.

01:04:14You can watch them from afar,

01:04:16but don't swim straight to the shore.

01:04:18They like to ambush their meal

01:04:20in shallow waters.

01:04:22If there is a moment

01:04:24when I would like to see a big white shark,

01:04:26they willingly accept a meal

01:04:28the size of a crocodile

01:04:30if you know how to motivate them correctly.

01:04:32Do you think you know

01:04:34what is hidden in the depths of the ocean?

01:04:36While nearly 95% of our oceans

01:04:38have not yet been explored,

01:04:40it is difficult not to let

01:04:42your imagination run wild.

01:04:44But thanks to brave explorers,

01:04:46underwater cameras,

01:04:48and formidable archaeologists,

01:04:50we know of some incredible marine creatures

01:04:52that have lived in our waters

01:04:54for millions of years.

01:04:56From the 2.7-meter sea spider

01:04:58to the 18-meter prehistoric megalodon,

01:05:00these inhabitants of the sea

01:05:02are of all shapes and sizes.

01:05:04But let's focus on the underwater creatures

01:05:06famous for their gigantic size.

01:05:08Can you guess

01:05:10which living species of whale is the largest?

01:05:12Well, it's not their orca,

01:05:14but it could have been, yes.

01:05:16Orcas are toothed whales

01:05:18that can reach a size

01:05:20of 7 to 9.8 meters,

01:05:22which is considerably smaller

01:05:24than a school bus.

01:05:26And the narwhal?

01:05:28No, they are not the largest either.

01:05:30These sea unicorns

01:05:32live mainly in the Arctic

01:05:34and measure between 4 and 6 meters long,

01:05:36not counting their 2.7-meter defense.

01:05:38Tired of looking?

01:05:40Ok, I'll drop it.

01:05:42The largest whale

01:05:44that still exists today

01:05:46is the blue whale.

01:05:48With its 25 to 32 meters,

01:05:50it is not only the largest whale we know,

01:05:52but also the largest animal

01:05:54that has ever lived on Earth.

01:05:56Seriously.

01:05:58These animals are larger than a T-Rex

01:06:00and even than the prehistoric megalodon.

01:06:02If you put a blue whale

01:06:04next to a school bus,

01:06:06you might think it's going to swallow it.

01:06:08Imagine that.

01:06:10According to National Geographic,

01:06:12the tongue of a blue whale

01:06:14can weigh as much as an elephant,

01:06:16and its heart can weigh as much as a car.

01:06:18It doesn't even seem possible.

01:06:20It is not surprising

01:06:22that these giants have to eat

01:06:24about 4 tons of krill a day.

01:06:26Although there are not many living animals

01:06:28today that can compete

01:06:30with the gigantic proportions of the blue whale,

01:06:32there is an entirely different species

01:06:34that is a good competitor.

01:06:36And it's not exactly what you might expect.

01:06:38It's a jellyfish.

01:06:40No, I'm not talking about small jellyfish

01:06:42drying out on the seashore

01:06:44and wasting a beautiful day at the beach.

01:06:46I'm talking about the lion's mane jellyfish,

01:06:48the largest jellyfish that exists.

01:06:50This invertebrate

01:06:52can reach up to 36.6 meters long.

01:06:54They also exist

01:06:56in different splendid colors,

01:06:58such as red,

01:07:00purple,

01:07:02or even orange shades.

01:07:04And as if their length

01:07:06were not impressive,

01:07:08the lion's mane jellyfish

01:07:10has 8 sets of 70 to 150 tentacles,

01:07:12which means it can have

01:07:14up to 1,200 in total.

01:07:16And here is the giant

01:07:18oceanic manta ray,

01:07:20the largest type of ray in the world.

01:07:22Their wingspan can be longer

01:07:24than a bus.

01:07:26These animals can reach 9.1 meters long.

01:07:28They also have the largest brain

01:07:30in relation to the size of the body

01:07:32among all fish.

01:07:34Unlike their cousins, rays,

01:07:36mantas have no venomous tails.

01:07:38And while the lion's mane jellyfish

01:07:40and the blue whale

01:07:42have not yet been named

01:07:44the longest marine creature,

01:07:46there is a marine creature

01:07:48that can become even larger in length.

01:07:50The Portuguese galley,

01:07:52with its tentacles,

01:07:54can reach a length of 50 meters,

01:07:56according to mentalfloss.com.

01:07:58Although this thing

01:08:00looks like a jellyfish,

01:08:02it is actually a siphonophore.

01:08:04And there are hundreds,

01:08:06even thousands,

01:08:08which are genetically identical.

01:08:10Their long tentacles

01:08:12help the organism to catch its prey,

01:08:14and their sting is deadly

01:08:16for most animals,

01:08:18and even for humans in some cases.

01:08:20What is even more frightening

01:08:22is that if one of the tentacles

01:08:24detaches from the organism

01:08:26for some reason,

01:08:28it can float in the water

01:08:30for days before decomposing.

01:08:32Even if it detaches,

01:08:34this tentacle can still sting you.

01:08:36But don't flee the ocean right away.

01:08:38Portuguese galley stings

01:08:40are rather small.

01:08:42However, if you get stung,

01:08:44the side effects are not beautiful to see,

01:08:46with clots, stomach cramps,

01:08:48a high heart rate,

01:08:50and stomach pain.

01:08:52Even if you don't want to approach

01:08:54these long creatures,

01:08:56they are really beautiful to look at.

01:08:58Look at all these colors.

01:09:00The chastasaurus is the largest

01:09:02marine reptile that has ever existed.

01:09:04These predators lived

01:09:06at the end of the Triassic

01:09:08about 210 million years ago.

01:09:10These incredible giants

01:09:12could reach a length of 21 meters

01:09:14and weigh more than 75 tons.

01:09:16The chastasaurus

01:09:18was therefore as heavy as a blue whale.

01:09:20And if you could put this creature

01:09:22vertically,

01:09:24it would be as high as a 7-story building.

01:09:26Despite appearances,

01:09:28it was actually quite small

01:09:30for its size.

01:09:32Its thoracic cage was only 2 meters wide.

01:09:34One might think

01:09:36that this giant

01:09:38devoured other dinosaurs,

01:09:40but this is not the case at all.

01:09:42This reptile survived

01:09:44thanks to a diet of small fish

01:09:46and cephalopods,

01:09:48such as octopus and squid.

01:09:50The albertonect

01:09:52is an excellent representative

01:09:54of the plesiosaur family,

01:09:56which means that this marine reptile

01:09:58had a small head

01:10:00on an incredibly long neck

01:10:02that was placed in the water.

01:10:04These creatures occupied the seas

01:10:06around North America

01:10:0876 to 70 million years ago.

01:10:10The length of this sea monster

01:10:12could reach 11.5 meters,

01:10:14the neck taking 7 meters of this length.

01:10:18Its neck broke all records.

01:10:20It counted 76 bones.

01:10:22No other known animal

01:10:24of humanity had so many vertebrae

01:10:26in its neck.

01:10:28Scientists do not know exactly

01:10:30why they needed such a long neck.

01:10:32They may have used it

01:10:34to pick up shells on the seabed

01:10:36or to capture their main prey,

01:10:38fish and squid.

01:10:40This aquatic reptile

01:10:42also had gastrolytes in the stomach,

01:10:44some of which could reach

01:10:46a diameter of 14 centimeters.

01:10:48The Tylosaurus belonged

01:10:50to the Mosasaurus family.

01:10:52It dominated the shallow seas

01:10:54of North America

01:10:56about 85 to 80 million years ago.

01:10:58It was a huge predator

01:11:00whose largest representatives

01:11:02reached 13 meters long.

01:11:04It had a narrow hydrodynamic body

01:11:06and a foamy and powerful head

01:11:08that it used to catch

01:11:10and strike its prey.

01:11:12Its body was equipped

01:11:14with agile fins and a long tail

01:11:16decorated with a fin easy to maneuver.

01:11:18The Tylosaurus was a carnivore

01:11:20and its diet included

01:11:22not only fish, turtles

01:11:24and small sharks,

01:11:26but also chromosomes,

01:11:28plesiosaurs and birds

01:11:30that could not fly.

01:11:32Here is the Ophthalmosaurus.

01:11:34This prehistoric reptile

01:11:36lived at the end of the Jurassic

01:11:38in the oceans of the world.

01:11:40It weighed about 2,722 kilos

01:11:42and was about 4.9 meters long,

01:11:44according to the site

01:11:46newdinosaurs.com.

01:11:48It is about the same length

01:11:50as the beluga today.

01:11:52It is a shame that these animals

01:11:54died before we had the chance

01:11:56to see them ourselves,

01:11:58because their caricatured big eyes

01:12:00and dolphin traits are rather cute.

01:12:02Of course, the Ophthalmosaurus

01:12:04evolved over time

01:12:06to become ophthalmologists

01:12:08or eye doctors as we know them today.

01:12:10No, it's not true,

01:12:12I just wanted to see your reaction.

01:12:14The Mosasaurus is a truly gigantic

01:12:16predator that dominated the seas

01:12:18of the whole world

01:12:20about 66 million years ago.

01:12:22According to fossil evidence,

01:12:24some specimens could measure

01:12:26more than 15 meters long.

01:12:28This makes it the largest

01:12:30marine carnivore of its time.

01:12:32One of the most terrifying aspects

01:12:34of this creature was its crocodile head,

01:12:36decorated with hundreds of sharp teeth

01:12:38like razors,

01:12:40organized in two rows

01:12:42on both jaws.

01:12:44The fact is that it was quite difficult

01:12:46for the Mosasaurus to catch its prey

01:12:48in the water.

01:12:50This made hunting

01:12:52and catching its prey

01:12:54much easier.

01:12:56The Stixosaurus

01:12:58belonged to the Plesiosaurus family

01:13:00and lived at the end of the Cretaceous

01:13:02about 85 to 70 million years ago.

01:13:04At first glance,

01:13:06you could confuse this dinosaur

01:13:08with a sea snake

01:13:10and it would be understandable

01:13:12to make this mistake.

01:13:14The Stixosaurus measured

01:13:16about 10.6 meters long

01:13:18but its snake-shaped long neck

01:13:20was more than 4 meters long.

01:13:22They had a relatively small body

01:13:24and weighed about 4 tons.

01:13:26Their mouth was full of sharp

01:13:28and conical teeth

01:13:30that they used to catch fish.

01:13:32They did not need to chew their prey

01:13:34thanks to the 200 small stones

01:13:36called gastrolytes in their stomach

01:13:38that probably helped them digest.

01:13:40At the same time,

01:13:42some scientists think

01:13:44that the Stixosaurus used its stones

01:13:46to sink to the bottom of the ocean

01:13:48in search of a particular type of fish.

01:13:50For me,

01:13:52it looks a bit like the Loch Ness monster,

01:13:54doesn't it?

01:14:17First of all,

01:14:19what the hell did it look like?

01:14:21The Cronosaurus was a marine carnivore

01:14:23that lived in the interior sea

01:14:25of the Euromanga,

01:14:27a high-latitude fresh sea.

01:14:29It covered vast areas

01:14:31of the interior of Australia

01:14:33at the beginning of the Cretaceous,

01:14:3590 to 120 million years ago.

01:14:37Almost complete fossils

01:14:39of this creature

01:14:41were also discovered in Colombia,

01:14:43a country known for having

01:14:45many reptiles and prehistoric turtles.

01:14:47This suggests that the monster

01:14:49that I am going to describe

01:14:51could have existed all over the world.

01:14:53By the way, Zorus,

01:14:55you may have thought

01:14:57that I was talking about a dinosaur,

01:14:59but it was actually a reptile.

01:15:01They were the largest members

01:15:03of the Pliosaurus family.

01:15:05The fossils found suggest

01:15:07that they weighed more than 10 tons

01:15:09and measured about 10 meters long.

01:15:11On a scale,

01:15:13the Pliosaurus was about

01:15:15the length of the Long-tailed Eagle

01:15:17in the Philippines.

01:15:19It was 6 meters long

01:15:21and weighed a little over a ton.

01:15:23It was therefore almost twice as long

01:15:25and much lighter

01:15:27than an average Cronosaurus,

01:15:29which means that this crocodile

01:15:31would pass for a red fish

01:15:33next to this giant.

01:15:35Despite its terrifying length,

01:15:37the most formidable feature

01:15:39of the Cronosaurus was its head.

01:15:41Its head was proportionally very large,

01:15:43given the size of its body.

01:15:45All that was unfortunate

01:15:47to find itself in the mouth

01:15:49of a Cronosaurus must have had

01:15:51false hopes.

01:15:53After all,

01:15:55its teeth were not really sharp.

01:15:57But to be honest,

01:15:59I would not feel so confident

01:16:01in front of a toothed snake

01:16:03and even less in front of the mouth

01:16:05of this monster.

01:16:07It is true that the teeth

01:16:09of this prehistoric creature

01:16:11were rather conical.

01:16:13But this aspect

01:16:15did not make them less dangerous.

01:16:17These huge teeth

01:16:19could measure up to 30 centimeters long.

01:16:21This also means that the Cronosaurus

01:16:23had an extremely powerful bite.

01:16:25It is estimated that it could reach

01:16:2730,000 newtons,

01:16:29which is almost twice as much

01:16:31as the bite of a large marine crocodile.

01:16:33Due to their foamy shape,

01:16:35these teeth were not well adapted

01:16:37to lacerate their prey

01:16:39once seized.

01:16:41But their size and shape

01:16:43made them perfect

01:16:45for a simple bite by slapping

01:16:47that could easily crush

01:16:49rigid objects,

01:16:51such as the hardest

01:16:53sea turtle carapaces.

01:16:55Just like crocodiles,

01:16:57the Cronosaurus had a very short neck.

01:16:59It may be an evolutionary trait

01:17:01allowing it to catch small animals

01:17:03that would try to escape.

01:17:05The Cronosaurus was also

01:17:07fusiform and profiled,

01:17:09which means it was thinner

01:17:11at both ends

01:17:13and therefore offered

01:17:15very little resistance to water.

01:17:17It was also provided

01:17:19with four paddle-shaped fins.

01:17:21The rear fins were larger

01:17:23than the front fins.

01:17:25It could reach 2 meters in width.

01:17:27All this allowed the Cronosaurus

01:17:29to propel under water

01:17:31effortlessly,

01:17:33thanks to the fossil of a creature

01:17:35discovered in 2009

01:17:37near Svalbard,

01:17:39a group of Norwegian islands.

01:17:41This fossil was identified

01:17:43as belonging to a monster

01:17:4515 meters long,

01:17:47weighing 45 tons

01:17:49and having a bite force

01:17:51of more than 2 tons per square centimeter,

01:17:53the strongest of all known animals.

01:17:55Although the Predator X

01:17:57was not yet classified

01:17:59in a specific group,

01:18:01the Cronosaurus was

01:18:03undoubtedly

01:18:05a real titan

01:18:07that roamed the seas

01:18:09relentlessly.

01:18:11It also bears the name

01:18:13of the mythological character

01:18:15of Kronos,

01:18:17Zeus's father,

01:18:19who was considered

01:18:21to be the master of the titans,

01:18:23a generation of almost divine beings.

01:18:25So what did the terrifying

01:18:27Cronosaurus feed on

01:18:29Calmar and other great marine reptiles

01:18:31of the time,

01:18:33such as Elasmosaurs and Ictiosaurs?

01:18:35This suggests that if crocodiles

01:18:37existed in his kingdom,

01:18:39he would have also eaten them.

01:18:41The fossils of the Cronosaurus

01:18:43indicate that he also ate sharks.

01:18:45This is surely a great disappointment

01:18:47for those who considered this animal

01:18:49as the king of the oceans,

01:18:51because it was not so much the case

01:18:53when the Cronosaurus was still there.

01:18:55Anyway, crushing all kinds of food

01:18:57into small pieces to better digest them

01:18:59would have been difficult

01:19:01without his little teeth.

01:19:03This also explains the presence

01:19:05of rounded stones

01:19:07in the remains of these marine creatures.

01:19:09Researchers believe that these stones

01:19:11could have been swallowed

01:19:13to control flotillation

01:19:15or to help transform food.

01:19:17It is also possible that they

01:19:19had been swallowed accidentally

01:19:21by catching other animals

01:19:23at the bottom of the sea.

01:19:25Although this is quite terrifying,

01:19:27there is evidence that the Cronosaurus

01:19:29was also a vicious beast.

01:19:31It turns out that after using

01:19:33all his attributes to catch his meal,

01:19:35the Cronosaurus liked to play

01:19:37with his food,

01:19:39like a cat with a mouse.

01:19:41I guess hunting was so easy

01:19:43that he really needed to have some fun.

01:19:45You must now have an idea

01:19:47of what this creature looked like, right?

01:19:49So let's imagine how the world would be

01:19:51if he were still there today.

01:19:53And by the way,

01:19:55why wouldn't he be there anymore?

01:19:57The Cronosaurus was destroyed

01:19:59by the same meteorite, KT,

01:20:01which took the dinosaurs

01:20:0366 million years ago.

01:20:05But even before this catastrophic event,

01:20:07he was under enormous pressure

01:20:09from a family of even larger

01:20:11and more vicious carnivorous marine reptiles

01:20:13than his own,

01:20:15the mosasaurs.

01:20:17They say that you always end up

01:20:19falling on stronger than you are, right?

01:20:21But what if this had never happened

01:20:23and they still existed?

01:20:25Can you imagine the impact

01:20:27it would have on marine tourism?

01:20:29If we base ourselves on the impact

01:20:31that movies have on sharks and orcas,

01:20:33imagine going to the beach

01:20:35when you know that a Cronosaurus

01:20:37may be lurking in the parishes.

01:20:39This same creature that eats

01:20:41sharks and whales at breakfast.

01:20:43The beaches would certainly become

01:20:45the ideal place to walk

01:20:47quietly because no one would come

01:20:49What about activities like

01:20:51fun sailing, surfing and diving?

01:20:53Do you think someone would dare

01:20:55to take that risk while knowing

01:20:57that a 10-meter-long monster

01:20:59could be buried just below?

01:21:01Let's be objective and assume

01:21:03that most people would not dare.

01:21:05This would paralyze the world

01:21:07marine tourism industry,

01:21:09which brings back about

01:21:11143 billion dollars a year.

01:21:13To make it easier for you,

01:21:15know that the most expensive yacht

01:21:17in the world is the Cronosaurus M.

01:21:19Its main room was equipped

01:21:21with a T-Rex bone statue,

01:21:23a meteorite wall

01:21:25and a panoramic mural aquarium

01:21:27made of 24-carat gold.

01:21:29This yacht was worth

01:21:31nearly 5 billion dollars,

01:21:33which means that we could have

01:21:35paid 28 billion dollars

01:21:37with the money potentially lost

01:21:39in a year because of the Cronosaurus.

01:21:41I'm sure the owner of this yacht

01:21:43was happy that this beast

01:21:45was a luxury museum.

01:21:47The supreme history,

01:21:49which would have belonged

01:21:51to a genius of Malaysian affairs,

01:21:53was even so luxurious that

01:21:55some think it never existed.

01:21:57Rumor has it that it is

01:21:59simply a cannula

01:22:01developed by the supposed designer.

01:22:03But let's go back to our sheep.

01:22:05People would be in great danger

01:22:07whether they were near the ocean or not.

01:22:09I'm not saying that this thing

01:22:11would grow legs to devour us

01:22:13because of its impact

01:22:15on maritime trade.

01:22:17In America,

01:22:19maritime freight accounts

01:22:21for 76% of national trade.

01:22:23In addition, more than 100

01:22:25pharmaceutical products

01:22:27come from the sea.

01:22:29I would also like to point out

01:22:31that the ocean is a huge source

01:22:33of food for us humans.

01:22:35The presence of the Cronosaurus

01:22:37could have a significant impact

01:22:39on our relationship with the ocean,

01:22:41which we tend to consider

01:22:43as acquired.

01:22:45Some sharks

01:22:47have the strange ability

01:22:49to spit out their stomach

01:22:51and then put it back in place.

01:22:53It would be very practical.

01:22:55Most sharks eat a huge amount

01:22:57of food.

01:22:59But the problem is that they

01:23:01cannot digest everything

01:23:03they have swallowed.

01:23:05They need a way to get rid

01:23:07of waste such as carapaces

01:23:09So these amazing creatures

01:23:11voluntarily vomit their entire stomach

01:23:13with all its contents.

01:23:15Once they have finished,

01:23:17they reintroduce their main digestive organ

01:23:19into their body.

01:23:21And the whole process usually takes

01:23:23no more than a second.

01:23:25Some species of sharks,

01:23:27such as the great white or mackerel,

01:23:29have a special system to warm

01:23:31their eyes and brain

01:23:33thanks to their retina.

01:23:35This helps them to better detect

01:23:37the presence of harmful substances

01:23:39in their food.

01:23:41What characterizes the mackerel

01:23:43is that this species often moves

01:23:45vertically through different temperatures.

01:23:47Unlike most people

01:23:49who have only one mobile jaw,

01:23:51sharks can freely move

01:23:53their lower and upper jaws.

01:23:55This allows them to have a better grip

01:23:57on their meal and chew it

01:23:59faster and more completely.

01:24:01This is reassuring.

01:24:03Sharks give birth to a large number

01:24:05of babies.

01:24:07For example,

01:24:09more than 130 babies

01:24:11are born.

01:24:13Great white sharks

01:24:15have a bite

01:24:17more powerful than most

01:24:19felines in the jungle

01:24:21and the savannah.

01:24:23An aquatic predator

01:24:25of 6 meters long

01:24:27can produce a force

01:24:29of more than 276 kg

01:24:31per square centimeter,

01:24:33while sharks

01:24:35swallow a huge amount of water.

01:24:37The body of the shark

01:24:39becomes twice as large

01:24:41as its normal size

01:24:43and this makes potential predators

01:24:45flee.

01:24:47Sharks can grow

01:24:49more than 50,000 teeth

01:24:51during their lifetime,

01:24:53but all their teeth

01:24:55are not the same.

01:24:57The strongest and most massive

01:24:59are at the front

01:25:01because shark teeth

01:25:03are not as deeply rooted

01:25:05as human teeth

01:25:07and they can move.

01:25:09The skin of sharks

01:25:11has the same touch

01:25:13as glass paper.

01:25:15It is made of small scales

01:25:17resembling teeth

01:25:19pointing to the animal's tail.

01:25:21This reduces the friction

01:25:23that occurs when

01:25:25sharks move in the water.

01:25:27Whale sharks have

01:25:29an incredible sense of smell

01:25:31but in addition to that

01:25:33they use another sense

01:25:35to detect other animals.

01:25:37They have special ports

01:25:39around their heads,

01:25:41near the nostrils

01:25:43and under the muzzle.

01:25:45These are particular organs

01:25:47a bit like a second sight.

01:25:49Each creature generates

01:25:51a tiny electric field.

01:25:53Thanks to these ports,

01:25:55sharks can detect these electric fields

01:25:57where other animals are.

01:25:59Sharks have incredibly fine ears.

01:26:01They can hear their potential meal

01:26:03at a distance of 900 meters.

01:26:05They can also capture

01:26:07low-frequency sounds

01:26:09like those produced

01:26:11by the contraction

01:26:13of a fish's muscle tissue.

01:26:15Sharks have existed

01:26:17for over 400 million years

01:26:19meaning they have lived

01:26:214 massive extinctions out of 5.

01:26:23This makes them much older

01:26:25compared to the time

01:26:27when coral reefs were just starting to form.

01:26:29Some species of sharks

01:26:31can jump out of the water

01:26:33like the white shark

01:26:35or the pelican shark.

01:26:37They are known to be able

01:26:39to jump over 2.5 meters in the air.

01:26:41Thanks to this maneuver

01:26:43they can catch animals

01:26:45such as seals or sea birds.

01:26:47But unless you are in South Africa

01:26:49it is unlikely that you see

01:26:51a shark jump out of the water.

01:26:53Their jaws are lighter

01:26:55and twice as thin as their bones.

01:26:57This makes sharks more flexible

01:26:59and allows them to make tight turns

01:27:01when they chase other animals.

01:27:03This is not for nothing

01:27:05that hammerhead sharks

01:27:07have such a bizarrely shaped head.

01:27:09Thanks to it, these creatures

01:27:11have an incredible 360-degree vision.

01:27:13Their eyes are slightly tilted forward

01:27:15which allows them to have

01:27:17a field of vision that overlaps.

01:27:19The terrifying jaws of the goblin shark

01:27:21can be folded from the animal's muzzle

01:27:23up to 8 centimeters.

01:27:25This allows the animal to catapult

01:27:27its mouth forward

01:27:29to catch other marine creatures.

01:27:31Sharks do not sleep like you.

01:27:33Some species must never stop swimming.

01:27:35Otherwise, the water will stop flowing

01:27:37into their gills

01:27:39and they will no longer be able to breathe.

01:27:41Others rest but do not enter

01:27:43a state of unconsciousness.

01:27:45They simply enter special rest periods.

01:27:47These creatures have no eyelids.

01:27:49Their eyes are always open

01:27:51and their pupils monitor their environment.

01:27:53They also keep their mouths open

01:27:55so that water can pass through their gills.

01:27:57Sharks can travel remarkably long distances

01:27:59without needing to rest.

01:28:01All this thanks to their

01:28:03bizarre sleeping habits.

01:28:05For example,

01:28:07big white sharks can swim

01:28:09over 3,200 kilometers

01:28:11without stopping to eat or rest.

01:28:13How come these creatures

01:28:15do not starve?

01:28:17By the way,

01:28:19this organ can represent

01:28:21up to a third of the animal's body weight.

01:28:23Contrary to popular belief,

01:28:25sharks do not swim backwards

01:28:27and cannot go backwards.

01:28:29Their tails propel them forward

01:28:31and their pectoral fins

01:28:33help them keep their balance and turn.

01:28:35This means that these animals

01:28:37can only move forward.

01:28:39Sharks have no vocal cords.

01:28:41They cannot produce sound

01:28:43to communicate with each other

01:28:45or make bodily movements

01:28:47such as twisting their bodies

01:28:49or turning around.

01:28:51Sharks live in all the oceans of the world

01:28:53but several species also live

01:28:55in rivers and freshwater lakes.

01:28:57For example,

01:28:59bull sharks have been found

01:29:01in tropical rivers.

01:29:03They are also known

01:29:05to be able to swim

01:29:07between fresh and salty water.

01:29:09The smallest shark that exists

01:29:11is the dwarf lantern shark.

01:29:13For example,

01:29:15some of its organs emit light

01:29:17and since the creature lives

01:29:19in shallow waters,

01:29:21it helps it to camouflage

01:29:23in the sun's rays.

01:29:25Blue sharks eat a lot,

01:29:27often more than they need.

01:29:29Some of this food can remain

01:29:31undigested for weeks

01:29:33until it is necessary

01:29:35to provide them with energy.

01:29:37Sharks have something

01:29:39that looks like a tongue

01:29:41but is actually a mouth.

01:29:43It does not move

01:29:45and is pretty much useless.

01:29:47This so-called tongue

01:29:49does not participate

01:29:51in the feeding process.

01:29:53It is not covered with gustative paper.

01:29:55Its only real utility

01:29:57could be that it supports

01:29:59some of the bones

01:30:01that connect the gills of the shark.

01:30:03There are hundreds of species

01:30:05of sharks in the world,

01:30:07about 500.

01:30:09From a few centimeters

01:30:11to tens of meters long.

01:30:13They also live in very different environments.

01:30:15Tiger sharks eat

01:30:17everything that falls under their jaws.

01:30:19Among the strangest things

01:30:21they have eaten,

01:30:23we found camiscopes,

01:30:25ticket bags,

01:30:27registration plates

01:30:29of almost all American states,

01:30:31dog leashes and much more.

01:30:33Each whale shark

01:30:35has a unique pattern on its skin.

01:30:37Digital prints are used

01:30:39to identify people.

01:30:41The gray shark can dive

01:30:43at a depth equivalent

01:30:45to 5 Empire State Buildings.

01:30:47When they are born or hatch,

01:30:49baby sharks are already fully fed.

01:30:51And if they choose to swim far from their mother,

01:30:53they do not need to look for food

01:30:55for at least several weeks.

01:30:57The water is boiling

01:30:59under the fishing boat

01:31:01as if something was going to come out of the water.

01:31:03It is getting closer and closer.

01:31:05You can see giant jaws

01:31:07and sparkling teeth.

01:31:09A few seconds later,

01:31:11a huge shark jumps out of the water

01:31:13and smashes the boat.

01:31:15It was the megalodon,

01:31:17the largest fish that has ever existed on Earth.

01:31:19For a long time,

01:31:21we have imagined the megalodon like this,

01:31:23an enlarged version of the great white shark.

01:31:25But scientists continue to debate

01:31:27about its appearance.

01:31:29To this day, however,

01:31:31they agree to say

01:31:33that the megalodon,

01:31:35according to scientists,

01:31:37is about 15 meters long,

01:31:39as much as a school bus

01:31:41or a metro train,

01:31:43and 8.5 times the size of an average adult.

01:31:45Let's compare now

01:31:47with the modern white shark.

01:31:49The megalodon is three times larger,

01:31:51but this is only an approximate estimate.

01:31:53We do not have a skeleton

01:31:55entirely preserved of the megalodon

01:31:57because it did not have bones

01:31:59but cartilage.

01:32:01Scientists have followed the extinction

01:32:03of megalodons.

01:32:05All that survived are teeth and some vertebrae.

01:32:07In comparison, dinosaurs

01:32:09went extinct about 66 million years ago.

01:32:11But their solid bones

01:32:13are perfectly preserved

01:32:15and we have many specimens

01:32:17different from their skeletons.

01:32:19Scientists have calculated

01:32:21the size of the megalodon

01:32:23according to its teeth and jaw.

01:32:25This is a tooth.

01:32:27It measures about 18 centimeters long,

01:32:29three times the size of the teeth

01:32:31of a modern white shark.

01:32:33The megalodon jaw was 2 meters wide

01:32:35and had 5 rows of teeth.

01:32:37A total of 276 teeth

01:32:39like razor blades.

01:32:41The other preserved remains

01:32:43are the vertebral column.

01:32:45It consists of 150 vertebrae,

01:32:47each 15 centimeters wide.

01:32:49They contain a lot of calcium

01:32:51because the megalodon loved fresh milk.

01:32:53Oh no!

01:32:55It's because these vertebrae

01:32:57are very large.

01:32:59From these fossils,

01:33:01scientists have created a model

01:33:03and calculated an approximate size

01:33:05of the megalodon.

01:33:07But it could hardly have been bigger.

01:33:09It's a matter of breathing.

01:33:11The bigger the fish is,

01:33:13the more oxygen it needs.

01:33:15This means that the surface of the branches

01:33:17must be larger.

01:33:19It is the organs that filter the water

01:33:21and collect the oxygen.

01:33:23If the megalodon had been bigger,

01:33:25it would have been the maximum size for an individual.

01:33:27But on average,

01:33:29most of them were 1 or 2 meters less.

01:33:31Now let's talk about weight.

01:33:33On average, a megalodon weighed

01:33:35about 30 to 35 tons.

01:33:37In comparison, a white shark weighs 1 ton,

01:33:39so 30 to 35 times less.

01:33:41Easy! With its 7.5 tons,

01:33:43a school bus is 4 times lighter.

01:33:45The weight of a megalodon

01:33:47can be compared to that of a Boeing 737 V.

01:33:49But the modern blue whale

01:33:51beats the megalodon in size and weight.

01:33:5330 meters long

01:33:55against 15, almost twice as long.

01:33:57And the weight of the blue whale

01:33:59is about 180 tons,

01:34:01which is the equivalent of 6 megalodons

01:34:03or 6 airplanes.

01:34:05Or 33 adult elephants,

01:34:07if you like comparisons.

01:34:09Now let's talk about

01:34:11the appearance of the megalodon.

01:34:13Scientists think it doesn't look like a white shark.

01:34:15The megalodon belongs to a family

01:34:17of different fish

01:34:19and probably looked like a giant bull shark.

01:34:21Its muzzle is flattened

01:34:23and its eyes are small.

01:34:25Its dorsal fins are thrown back.

01:34:27The bull shark has two

01:34:29of similar size.

01:34:31Its color is light brown

01:34:33with a white belly.

01:34:35It may also have had red spots

01:34:37all over its body,

01:34:39just like its modern counterpart.

01:34:41From the first discovery of these fossils,

01:34:43we got used to considering the megalodon

01:34:45as a frightening monster.

01:34:47It was at the time of the Renaissance.

01:34:49At first, we thought its teeth

01:34:51were the tongues of dragons or snakes.

01:34:53And here is the first drawing

01:34:55of what their owners

01:34:57were supposed to look like.

01:34:59A massive muzzle with a frightening nose

01:35:01and a lot of sharp teeth like razors.

01:35:03We also have proof

01:35:05that megalodons were ferocious hunters

01:35:07at the top of the food chain.

01:35:09The first fighting tool

01:35:11in their arsenal was the belly shot.

01:35:13But the megalodon was a slow swimmer.

01:35:15It could only accelerate

01:35:17up to 50 km per hour.

01:35:19In comparison, the modern white shark

01:35:21can reach 50 km per hour

01:35:23once launched after breakfast.

01:35:25The fastest human swimmer

01:35:27can only do 10 km per hour.

01:35:29Good luck escaping a shark!

01:35:31But the megalodon had an incredible mass.

01:35:33Although slow, its belly shot

01:35:35had enormous power.

01:35:37The megalodon had to take its prey by surprise

01:35:39so that it only had one chance to hit it.

01:35:41If it missed it,

01:35:43it would take too long to make a second lap.

01:35:45The megalodon was comparable

01:35:47to that of a big truck.

01:35:49But if the belly shot succeeded,

01:35:51the prey was stunned

01:35:53and could no longer move.

01:35:55At that moment, the megalodon

01:35:57was aiming at vulnerable places

01:35:59like the fins and the tail of its prey.

01:36:01Scientists found many remains

01:36:03of old whales

01:36:05with megalodon teeth marks.

01:36:07It turns out that the giant shark

01:36:09knew where the vital organs

01:36:11of its prey were and could reach them.

01:36:13It could easily enter

01:36:15its open jaw at full height.

01:36:17And according to various estimates,

01:36:19the megalodon's bite force

01:36:21was nearly 11 tons.

01:36:23Imagine the weight of 3 concentrated

01:36:25and pointed teeth.

01:36:27It is 9 times the power

01:36:29of the largest bite of a white shark

01:36:31and 6 times the power of the holder

01:36:33of the modern bite record,

01:36:35the sea crocodile.

01:36:37I took a look at this map

01:36:39indicating where the remains

01:36:41of the giant shark were.

01:36:43It was the master of all seas

01:36:45and was comfortable everywhere

01:36:47on our planet.

01:36:49We even found remains

01:36:51of the giant shark

01:36:53in freshwater sediments.

01:36:55Perhaps it was not afraid

01:36:57to enter the rivers to hunt.

01:36:59Other scientists claim

01:37:01that the megalodon

01:37:03was perhaps not even a predator.

01:37:05All this because of its size.

01:37:07It could not swim quickly.

01:37:09It could not chase

01:37:11because it could never catch up with it.

01:37:13Another problem is the megalodon's skeleton.

01:37:15The cartilage is weaker than the bones.

01:37:17The musculature of the giant shark

01:37:19was therefore not so robust.

01:37:21The megalodon was perhaps

01:37:23even a carabiner

01:37:25that never fought.

01:37:27It may be one of the reasons

01:37:29why these old sharks

01:37:31went extinct.

01:37:33The megalodons loved

01:37:35warm and shallow waters

01:37:37and so they began to deprive

01:37:39the megalodons of territory

01:37:41and abundant food.

01:37:43The primitive whales,

01:37:45which had constituted

01:37:47the main diet of giant sharks,

01:37:49began to disappear.

01:37:51Faster predators

01:37:53took over the rest of the food.

01:37:55The megalodon began to starve.

01:37:57In evolution, a new actor

01:37:59entered the scene,

01:38:01the toothed whales,

01:38:03ancestors of modern orcs.

01:38:05They began to compete with it.

01:38:07They took advantage

01:38:09of its clumsiness.

01:38:11An orc group could easily

01:38:13compete with a giant shark.

01:38:15Many scientists believe

01:38:17that this is the reason

01:38:19for the disappearance

01:38:21of the largest shark in the world.

01:38:23But there are theories

01:38:25that the megalodon is still alive

01:38:27and lives in the dark waters

01:38:29of our planet.

01:38:31Several Australian fishermen

01:38:33believe that these giant sharks

01:38:35could hide in deep waters,

01:38:37far from the eyes of humans.

01:38:39In the Marian Falls, for example,

01:38:41which is the deepest place on our planet,

01:38:43even deeper than Mount Everest.

01:38:45And we even found

01:38:47the teeth of a megalodon.

01:38:49But science claims that such a giant shark

01:38:51could not live in the Marian Falls

01:38:53for many reasons.

01:38:55The first is that it is too cold.

01:38:57The megalodon was probably

01:38:59a cold-blooded fish.

01:39:01The water of the Marian Falls

01:39:03is very cold,

01:39:05about 4 degrees.

01:39:07This is because the deeper you go,

01:39:09the less sunlight penetrates.

01:39:11The second reason is the pressure.

01:39:13Every time you go down

01:39:1510 meters,

01:39:17the pressure increases in an atmosphere.

01:39:19That is, at a depth of 30 meters,

01:39:21the water presses you three times harder

01:39:23than on the surface.

01:39:25The muscles and weak cartilage

01:39:27of the megalodon would not allow it

01:39:29And finally, the most important point,

01:39:31the food.

01:39:33The further from the surface of the ocean,

01:39:35the less living organisms there are.

01:39:37Megalodons used to eat

01:39:39primitive whales from 3 to 6 meters.

01:39:41Only small fish live in the Marian Falls.

01:39:43A megalodon

01:39:45would never be able to catch one.

01:39:47Judging by its size,

01:39:49all that the megalodon did

01:39:51during its days was eat,

01:39:53then look for food again.

01:39:55Compare its weight to that of a human.

01:39:57An average human must consume

01:39:59about 2,000 calories per day

01:40:01for an average weight of about 80 kilos.

01:40:03The megalodon weighed 470 times more

01:40:05and therefore needed a lot more calories.

01:40:07So even all the fish

01:40:09that inhabit the Marian Falls

01:40:11could hardly feed a megalodon,

01:40:13even for a few days.

01:40:15In short, all these theories are far from being founded,

01:40:17but whatever it is,

01:40:19it is always better to be careful at sea,

01:40:21isn't it?

01:40:23You swim 3 km

01:40:25You don't count how, but play the game.

01:40:27It's cold and the pressure is intense.

01:40:29There are no fish in sight.

01:40:31Then you notice a green and shiny thing.

01:40:33It's a ferocious squirrel.

01:40:35Its neck shines in the dark

01:40:37to attract fish and other delicious goodies.

01:40:39This shark looks like nothing.

01:40:41It is small,

01:40:43about the size of a cat.

01:40:45It has brown skin and big green eyes.

01:40:47But appearances can be misleading.

01:40:49Every night, this creature

01:40:51climbs to the surface and attacks

01:40:53white sharks, whales and even sparrows.

01:40:55If you look closely,

01:40:57you will see its round mouth

01:40:59with a lot of pointy teeth.

01:41:01Its teeth don't just bite,

01:41:03but they work a bit like a saw.

01:41:05This shark is called Scalele Feroce,

01:41:07Cookie Cutter Shark in English,

01:41:09because when it sees something delicious,

01:41:11it squeezes and bites

01:41:13in the shape of a cookie.

01:41:15These sharks are even known to

01:41:17gut submarines.

01:41:19We wonder what flavor they have.

01:41:21Each shark is about the length

01:41:23of a car.

01:41:25Only a hundred of these sharks

01:41:27have been spotted,

01:41:29but if you ever meet one,

01:41:31you will never forget it.

01:41:33It has a big mouth,

01:41:35a huge mouth,

01:41:37a mega mouth,

01:41:39like mine.

01:41:41It's the Big Mouthed Shark.

01:41:43You could easily hold in

01:41:45if you put yourself in a ball.

01:41:47But they are not dangerous,

01:41:49because they don't eat

01:41:51underwater products.

01:41:53The shark has special organs

01:41:55in its mouth that shine

01:41:57to attract small crustaceans.

01:41:59It swims in the depths of the ocean

01:42:01in total darkness,

01:42:03but it probably also has

01:42:05a big smile.

01:42:07Fox sharks also have

01:42:09a very voluminous body,

01:42:11the tail.

01:42:13It is almost half the length

01:42:15of the shark itself

01:42:17and it can shake its gain.

01:42:19This scares some fish,

01:42:21which is precisely the desired goal.

01:42:23In a blink of an eye,

01:42:25it can also use its tail

01:42:27to defend itself.

01:42:29What's really cool

01:42:31with this shark

01:42:33is that it doesn't attack people.

01:42:35The angelfish,

01:42:37although there are several types

01:42:39of angelfish,

01:42:41are more like sharks

01:42:43than angels.

01:42:45The length sometimes accidentally touches them,

01:42:47which is not necessarily a good idea.

01:42:49They are fast

01:42:51and have powerful jaws.

01:42:53However, they prefer the taste

01:42:55of small fish to yours.

01:42:57The angelfish has two crests

01:42:59that look like horns

01:43:01just above its eyes.

01:43:03It is undoubtedly the grandfather

01:43:05of the world of sharks.

01:43:07It is not aggressive,

01:43:09it swims quite slowly

01:43:11and goes to bed late almost every night.

01:43:13It moves its fins

01:43:15on the seabed

01:43:17as if it had legs.

01:43:19But don't underestimate this guy,

01:43:21it has one of the strongest bites

01:43:23of all sharks.

01:43:25It needs its big teeth

01:43:27to crush the shells

01:43:29of its meals at the end of the evening.

01:43:31And if one thing

01:43:33tries to attack it,

01:43:35you have to be careful.

01:43:37The horned angelfish

01:43:39have sharp points

01:43:41and they are about the size

01:43:43of a pink submarine motorcycle.

01:43:45It has a long tail and a very long nose.

01:43:47It lives in the depths of the ocean

01:43:49and loves to eat squids.

01:43:51It is not as fast as its congeners,

01:43:53but it is much smarter.

01:43:55It has a secret and totally wild technique

01:43:57to catch squids.

01:43:59The shark swims behind the angelfish,

01:44:01catches it and gets closer

01:44:03more and more.

01:44:05But no question that the angelfish slows down.

01:44:07It looks like the poor shark

01:44:09will not have breakfast today.

01:44:11And then, it opens its mouth.

01:44:13Its jaw is attached

01:44:15to folds of skin

01:44:17that allow it to literally throw it

01:44:19out of its mouth.

01:44:21And as it is a shark,

01:44:23its teeth are sharp.

01:44:25This additional range

01:44:27allows it to capture its meal

01:44:29and once the party is over,

01:44:31it simply puts its jaw back in its mouth.

01:44:33These sharks have been spotted

01:44:35on many occasions

01:44:37in Japanese fairy tales.

01:44:39There is only one thing cooler than a ninja shark.

01:44:41It is the ninja lantern shark.

01:44:43Imagine that there is a tube

01:44:45that you can slide down

01:44:47and that takes you to the bottom of the ocean.

01:44:49It is too dark, you can not see anything.

01:44:51Suddenly, you notice a bright spot

01:44:53that moves away.

01:44:55It gets closer and heads for you.

01:44:57It is a blue and shiny head.

01:44:59Worse, it looks like this head

01:45:01has no body.

01:45:03The ninja lantern shark has black skin.

01:45:05It is almost invisible in the dark.

01:45:07It has the size of a human arm,

01:45:09but its sharp teeth

01:45:11are far from being gadgets.

01:45:13Nobody really knows why this shark shines.

01:45:15Maybe to attract tasty fish.

01:45:17Another theory

01:45:19suggests that it uses this light

01:45:21to communicate with its friends.

01:45:23Does it really have friends?

01:45:25The hammerhead shark.

01:45:27This ferocious shark can weigh up to half a ton.

01:45:29It lives in the tropical waters of the world

01:45:31and is one of the easiest sharks to recognize.

01:45:33Its eyes are located

01:45:35on the sides of its head

01:45:37in the shape of a hammer.

01:45:39This means that it can see in almost all directions.

01:45:41It even has special muscles

01:45:43at the neck level

01:45:45to raise and lower its head

01:45:47to see a little better.

01:45:49Its favorite food?

01:45:51You know, those flat things

01:45:53that swim at the bottom of the sea

01:45:55camouflaged to look like sand

01:45:57and pieces of rock.

01:45:59The hammerhead sharks get by

01:46:01with no danger.

01:46:03But the eyes of the hammerhead shark

01:46:05see everything.

01:46:07The great white sharks,

01:46:09the hammerhead sharks and other great sharks

01:46:11live about 25 years.

01:46:13But there is a shark that can live

01:46:15much longer.

01:46:17The Greenland shark can live between

01:46:19300 and 500 years.

01:46:21It is mainly found in the North Atlantic

01:46:23and Arctic Oceans.

01:46:25It likes to swim in the depths

01:46:27where it is dark,

01:46:29and it likes to eat.

01:46:31As it spends a lot of time at the bottom,

01:46:33it has found a way to resist

01:46:35the strong pressure.

01:46:37It is one of the oldest living fish,

01:46:39the largest and the slowest on Earth.

01:46:41Imagine that you are on a cruise in the Arctic

01:46:43and you see one of these sharks

01:46:45moving slowly in the icy water.

01:46:47It may be 400 years older than you.

01:46:49Most sharks are omnivores.

01:46:51They can attack dolphins,

01:46:53other sharks, crabs,

01:46:55bears, smaller fish

01:46:57and bigger fish.

01:46:59As for hot dogs,

01:47:01no, I'm kidding.

01:47:03But the shark is a little different.

01:47:05It eats seaweed for half of its meals.

01:47:07It looks like a hammerhead shark,

01:47:09but its head looks more like a shovel.

01:47:11Can we dig in?

01:47:13If you see this last one swimming,

01:47:15you might think it's a sea snake

01:47:17or a huge glass of water.

01:47:19Lizard sharks like to swim

01:47:21at the bottom of the ocean,

01:47:23like many other sharks.

01:47:25They move a little like a snake.

01:47:27And just like a snake,

01:47:29they like to swallow their meal

01:47:31in one piece.

01:47:33But that doesn't mean they don't have teeth.

01:47:35On the contrary,

01:47:37they have about 200 of them

01:47:39and they are well sharpened.

01:47:41The shark has a long, flat and very pointy nose.

01:47:43The teeth it has on its nose

01:47:45keep growing.

01:47:47Each of its teeth is equipped

01:47:49with electrical receivers

01:47:51to help the shark feel the fish

01:47:53as if it were part of a ship.

01:47:55When dinner is near,

01:47:57the shark swims and hits its nose,

01:47:59waving it like a knight

01:48:01showing off its talents.

01:48:03By the way, if this guy comes near you,

01:48:05you won't have time to blink.

01:48:07Did you see that?

01:48:09And now, I present to you

01:48:11the fastest shark in the world,

01:48:13the mackerel shark.

01:48:15It can swim up to 55 km per hour.

01:48:17It doesn't seem that fast on land,

01:48:19but underwater, it is.

01:48:21It is faster than most dogs.

01:48:23It has hot blood,

01:48:25which is very rare for a shark.

01:48:27This allows it to swim to cold and remote places

01:48:29where an ordinary shark

01:48:31would simply not survive.

01:48:33The mackerel goes much faster.

01:48:35It can swim up to 90 km per hour.

01:48:37It's not a shark,

01:48:39but it's still an extraordinary creature.

01:48:41In a race,

01:48:43the mackerel usually comes first.

01:48:45But it's not just fast,

01:48:47it's ingeniously fast.

01:48:49It has a gland next to its nose

01:48:51that pumps a special oil.

01:48:53This oil spreads through the nose

01:48:55and comes out through tiny holes.

01:48:57This special oil is waterproof,

01:48:59which allows the mackerel

01:49:01to slide into the water at high speed.

01:49:03Welcome, dear guests,

01:49:05and welcome to the Saint Aquarium.

01:49:07Here, you will be able to admire

01:49:09the most dangerous marine and oceanic creatures,

01:49:11but don't let yourself be misled

01:49:13by what I said.

01:49:15It is highly possible that you met

01:49:17an ordinary mackerel

01:49:19while strolling along the beach.

01:49:21So look at it carefully now

01:49:23and you can avoid the worst.

01:49:25Is it a fish or an old pebble?

01:49:27What you are looking at

01:49:29is commonly called the stone fish

01:49:31or, in French,

01:49:33sinancé for the intimate.

01:49:35If you like diving

01:49:37and observing the seabed,

01:49:39you may have already met one

01:49:41without even noticing it.

01:49:43Its appearance makes it almost impossible

01:49:45to distinguish it from any other stone

01:49:47because of its gray color

01:49:49and its sharp appearance.

01:49:51Especially if your diving glasses

01:49:53are a little fogged up.

01:49:55Well, you'd better be careful

01:49:57because otherwise the consequences

01:49:59could be disastrous

01:50:01since stone fish are

01:50:03among the most venomous.

01:50:05Although some types of stone fish

01:50:07are known to live in rivers,

01:50:09most of them reside in the coral reefs

01:50:11near the tropics of the Pacific and Indian oceans.

01:50:13They stand up when they feel disturbed

01:50:15or threatened

01:50:17and inject the poison they contain.

01:50:19The most common reason for stone fish bites

01:50:21is that swimmers walk on them

01:50:23without realizing it.

01:50:25However, it is not necessary

01:50:27to be in the water to be bitten.

01:50:29As they can survive out of the water

01:50:31up to 24 hours,

01:50:33you should also be careful

01:50:35where you walk when you go to the beach.

01:50:37People who have been bitten by stone fish

01:50:39describe it as an extremely painful experience.

01:50:41In some cases, it is known to have resulted

01:50:43in a state of shock or even paralysis.

01:50:45This may seem surprising,

01:50:47but despite its bad reputation,

01:50:49stone fish is quite edible

01:50:51if it is properly prepared.

01:50:53When the fish is cooked,

01:50:55its venom decomposes

01:50:57and if its dorsal fins,

01:50:59which are the main source of its venom,

01:51:01are removed,

01:51:03the raw stone fish

01:51:05can also be served as sashimi.

01:51:07This creature may seem like

01:51:09a very small creature,

01:51:11but it is actually quite big.

01:51:13It can reach 12 to 20 cm

01:51:15if you count the tentacles,

01:51:17because these small creatures

01:51:19are full of venom,

01:51:21capable of affecting up to 26 people

01:51:23in a few minutes.

01:51:25Just like stone fish,

01:51:27stone fish are found

01:51:29in the Pacific and Indian Oceans,

01:51:31from Japan to Australia.

01:51:33They generally live in the coral reefs

01:51:35and rocky areas at the bottom of the seas.

01:51:37They can also be found

01:51:39in residual marshes,

01:51:41marine herbivores and lidalgos.

01:51:43Blue-ringed stone fish

01:51:45are not aggressive by nature.

01:51:47When they are not in search of food,

01:51:49such as crabs and shrimps,

01:51:51or in search of a partner,

01:51:53they often hide in the marine reefs,

01:51:55shells or crevasses.

01:51:57It is only if they are provoked,

01:51:59attacked or caught in the act

01:52:01that they become dangerous to humans.

01:52:03When they are threatened,

01:52:05they can attack their potential predator.

01:52:07Their bite is usually unnoticed,

01:52:09so you can't realize

01:52:11that you have been stung

01:52:13before it is too late.

01:52:15The venom of a blue-ringed stone fish

01:52:17can cause dizziness,

01:52:19as well as a loss of senses

01:52:21and motor skills,

01:52:23and finally paralysis.

01:52:25So it's better to keep your hands

01:52:27for you and step back

01:52:29if you see one.

01:52:31No, it's not a bouquet of flowers,

01:52:33what you see in front of you

01:52:35is a marine animal called the flower bear.

01:52:37It may look beautiful,

01:52:39but don't be fooled by its appearance.

01:52:41It was named the most dangerous bear

01:52:43in the Guinness Book of Records in 2014.

01:52:45The flower bears

01:52:47inhabit the tropical areas

01:52:49of the Indo-Pacific basin

01:52:51and generally live in coral reefs,

01:52:53rocks, sand and marine grasslands

01:52:55from 0 to 90 meters deep.

01:52:59Their most remarkable feature

01:53:01is their pedicels,

01:53:03which are defensive organs

01:53:05in the shape of claws,

01:53:07which are also found

01:53:09in starfish.

01:53:11What differentiates them

01:53:13from all other bears

01:53:15is the fact that their pedicels

01:53:17are, as their name suggests,

01:53:19in the form of flowers,

01:53:21and generally pink-white

01:53:23to yellow-white,

01:53:25with a purple central point.

01:53:27Hidden under these flowers,

01:53:29the flower bears

01:53:31make it with their pedicels,

01:53:33or flowers.

01:53:35If they are not disturbed,

01:53:37the ends of these flowers

01:53:39generally have an elongated,

01:53:41round-cut shape.

01:53:43Their surface has tiny sensors

01:53:45with which they can detect danger.

01:53:47And when they come in contact

01:53:49with such threats,

01:53:51these flowers close immediately

01:53:53and begin to inject their venom.

01:53:55What is curious is that

01:53:57they can hang on to the point

01:53:59in contact and continue

01:54:01to inject venom for hours

01:54:03until you touch them.

01:54:05Doesn't it look like a giant

01:54:07ice flake with a melted raspberry?

01:54:09You'd like that,

01:54:11except it's a lion's mane jellyfish,

01:54:13also called capillary cyanide.

01:54:17They are known for preferring

01:54:19cold waters,

01:54:21which is why they are found

01:54:23mainly in the Arctic,

01:54:25but it is also possible

01:54:27to see them around the British Isles

01:54:29and in the Scandinavian waters.

01:54:31The lion's mane jellyfish

01:54:33is one of the largest

01:54:35known species of jellyfish.

01:54:37They are called long tentacles,

01:54:39similar to hair,

01:54:41and can reach a length of 3 m.

01:54:43Although the average diameter

01:54:45of a lion's mane jellyfish bell

01:54:47is about 50 cm,

01:54:49it can sometimes reach a diameter

01:54:51of more than 2 m.

01:54:53The largest ever observed

01:54:55lion's mane jellyfish

01:54:57was seen in 1865

01:54:59off the coast of Massachusetts.

01:55:01It was estimated to have

01:55:03a length of about 36 m

01:55:05and a diameter of more than 2 m.

01:55:07To give you an idea of its size,

01:55:09it was longer than a blue whale.

01:55:11Lion's mane jellyfish

01:55:13hunt by spreading their tentacles

01:55:15all around, creating a trap

01:55:17to catch their food.

01:55:19As it has about 1,200

01:55:21tentacles, they are extremely lucky

01:55:23to hope to escape.

01:55:25The sting of a lion's mane jellyfish

01:55:27generally does not pose

01:55:29a mortal danger,

01:55:31but you still have to avoid

01:55:33swimming through its tentacles

01:55:35because it can be very painful

01:55:37for humans.

01:55:39And if you see a fall on the beach,

01:55:41better not to touch it

01:55:43because it can sting you

01:55:45for a long time

01:55:47after being thrown

01:55:50But don't worry,

01:55:52we won't give any spoilers.

01:55:54The last marine animal you see

01:55:56is a sea snake.

01:55:58Yes, they are different from eels.

01:56:00There are 69 species

01:56:02identified as sea snakes.

01:56:04Most of them are found

01:56:06in the tropical and subtropical

01:56:08waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

01:56:10And they have existed for millions of years.

01:56:13To make things easier,

01:56:15scientists have separated

01:56:17the species of sea snakes

01:56:19into two categories,

01:56:21real sea snakes

01:56:23and striped tricots.

01:56:25While real sea snakes

01:56:27spend almost all their time at sea,

01:56:29striped tricots can also

01:56:31crawl on the ground.

01:56:33If you see a snake on the beach,

01:56:35you can determine

01:56:37if it is a sea snake

01:56:39by looking at its tail.

01:56:41If it looks like a stick,

01:56:43then it is a sea snake

01:56:45Striped tricots

01:56:47can crawl on the surface

01:56:49regularly to breathe

01:56:51because they don't have branches.

01:56:53That's why you could see one

01:56:55while you're swimming.

01:56:57If that happens,

01:56:59you'd better get away

01:57:01as soon as possible

01:57:03because most sea snakes

01:57:05have more venom

01:57:07than a cobra or a medium tricot.

01:57:09However, as they only attack

01:57:11if they are provoked,

01:57:13striped tricots are

01:57:15similar to small snakes

01:57:17that are already formed

01:57:19while swimming.

01:57:21But striped tricots

01:57:23don't crawl on the ground

01:57:25to lay their eggs.

01:57:27Do you remember the stone fish

01:57:29at the beginning of our visit?

01:57:31They are hunted by sea snakes.

01:57:33Yes, that's the food chain.

01:57:35You swim 3 km

01:57:37in the ocean.

01:57:39Don't ask me how,

01:57:41but it's not easy

01:57:43to catch a striped tricot.

01:57:45It's a ferocious snail.

01:57:47Its neck shines in the dark

01:57:49to attract fish

01:57:51and other delicious goodies.

01:57:53This shark looks like nothing.

01:57:55It is small,

01:57:57about the size of a cat.

01:57:59It has brown skin

01:58:01and big green eyes.

01:58:03But appearances

01:58:05can be misleading.

01:58:07Every night,

01:58:09striped tricots

01:58:11do not only bite,

01:58:13but they work a bit like a saw.

01:58:15This shark is called

01:58:17ferocious snail,

01:58:19because when it sees

01:58:21something delicious,

01:58:23it squeezes

01:58:25and bites into a cookie.

01:58:27These sharks are even known

01:58:29to unbite submarines.

01:58:31Our next shark is

01:58:33about the length of a car.

01:58:35Only a hundred of these sharks

01:58:37can live forever.

01:58:39It has a big mouth,

01:58:41a huge mouth,

01:58:43a mega mouth,

01:58:45like mine.

01:58:47You could easily hold it

01:58:49if you put yourself in a ball.

01:58:51But they are not dangerous,

01:58:53at least not for humans.

01:58:55They feed by swimming

01:58:57with their mouths open,

01:58:59filtering plankton

01:59:01and other underwater products.

01:59:03The shark has special organs

01:59:05in total darkness,

01:59:07but it probably also has

01:59:09a big smile.

01:59:11Fox sharks also have

01:59:13a very voluminous body,

01:59:15the tail.

01:59:17It is almost half the length

01:59:19of the shark itself

01:59:21and looks like a helicopter blade.

01:59:23It is one of the rare animals

01:59:25that hunts

01:59:27using its tail.

01:59:29The shark surprises

01:59:31a bunch of fish

01:59:33with its tail to defend itself.

01:59:35What is really cool

01:59:37with this shark

01:59:39is that it does not attack people.

01:59:41The angelfish,

01:59:43although there are several types

01:59:45of angelfish,

01:59:47are more sharks than angels.

01:59:49They are flat like reeds

01:59:51and their skin is covered

01:59:53with patterns that help them

01:59:55to melt in the seabed.

01:59:57Because of this camouflage,

01:59:59divers sometimes accidentally

02:00:01catch fish.

02:00:03The angelfish

02:00:05has two crests

02:00:07that look like horns

02:00:09just above its eyes.

02:00:11It is undoubtedly

02:00:13the grandfather of the world

02:00:15of sharks.

02:00:17It is not aggressive,

02:00:19it swims slowly

02:00:21and goes to bed late

02:00:23almost every night.

02:00:25Its two favorite meals

02:00:27are sea urchins

02:00:29and sharks.

02:00:31It needs its big teeth

02:00:33to crush the shells

02:00:35of its meals at the end of the evening.

02:00:37And if one thing

02:00:39tries to attack it,

02:00:41you have to be careful.

02:00:43The angelfish

02:00:45have sharp points

02:00:47on their fins.

02:00:49The price of the ugliest

02:00:51shark is discerned

02:00:53by the mullet

02:00:55and it is far ahead.

02:00:57The angelfish

02:00:59loves to eat squid.

02:01:01It is not as fast

02:01:03as its congeners

02:01:05but it is much smarter.

02:01:07It has a secret

02:01:09and totally wild technique

02:01:11to catch squid.

02:01:13The shark swims

02:01:15behind the squid,

02:01:17catches it

02:01:19and gets closer

02:01:21more and more.

02:01:23But no question

02:01:25that the angelfish

02:01:27can literally throw it

02:01:29out of its mouth.

02:01:31And as it is a shark,

02:01:33its teeth are sharp.

02:01:35This additional range

02:01:37allows it to capture its meal

02:01:39and once the party is over,

02:01:41it simply puts its jaw

02:01:43in its mouth.

02:01:45These sharks have been spotted

02:01:47many times

02:01:49off the coast of Japan.

02:01:51They owe their name

02:01:53to the fact that you can slide

02:01:55them down and take them

02:01:57to the bottom of the ocean.

02:01:59It's too dark,

02:02:01you can't see anything.

02:02:03Suddenly, you notice

02:02:05a bright spot moving

02:02:07in the distance.

02:02:09It gets closer and

02:02:11heads for you.

02:02:13It's a blue and shiny head.

02:02:15Worse, it looks like

02:02:17this head has no body.

02:02:19The ninja lantern shark

02:02:21No one really knows why

02:02:23this shark shines.

02:02:25Maybe to attract tasty fish.

02:02:27Another theory suggests

02:02:29that it uses this light

02:02:31to communicate with its friends.

02:02:33Does it really have friends?

02:02:35The hammerhead shark.

02:02:37This ferocious shark can weigh

02:02:39up to half a ton.

02:02:41It lives in the tropical waters

02:02:43of the whole world

02:02:45and is one of the easiest

02:02:47sharks to recognize.

02:02:49It even has special muscles

02:02:51at the neck to raise

02:02:53and lower the head

02:02:55to see a little better.

02:02:57Its favorite food?

02:02:59You know, those flat things

02:03:01that swim at the bottom of the sea

02:03:03camouflaged to look like sand

02:03:05and pieces of rock.

02:03:07The hammerhead sharks

02:03:09get by by hiding in their environment

02:03:11while the danger is only passing.

02:03:13But the hammerhead shark's eyes

02:03:15see everything.

02:03:17This shark and other great sharks

02:03:19live about 25 years.

02:03:21But there is a shark that can live

02:03:23much longer.

02:03:25The Greenland shark can live

02:03:27between 300 and 500 years.

02:03:29It is mainly found in the North

02:03:31and Arctic Atlantic Oceans.

02:03:33It likes to swim in the depths

02:03:35where it is dark,

02:03:37so it uses its nose

02:03:39to sniff the food.

02:03:41As it spends a lot of time at the bottom,

02:03:43it has found a way to resist

02:03:45the largest and slowest shark on Earth.

02:03:47Imagine that you are on a cruise

02:03:49in the Arctic and you see

02:03:51one of these sharks moving slowly

02:03:53in the icy water.

02:03:55It may be 400 years older than you.

02:03:57Most sharks are omnivorous.

02:03:59They can attack dolphins,

02:04:01other sharks, crabs,

02:04:03urchins, smaller fish

02:04:05or even bigger.

02:04:07Hot dogs? No, I'm kidding about hot dogs.

02:04:09But the hammerhead shark

02:04:11is a little different.

02:04:13It eats half of its meals.

02:04:15It looks like a hammerhead shark,

02:04:17but its head looks more like a shovel.

02:04:19Can you dig into it?

02:04:21If you see it swimming,

02:04:23you might think it is a sea snake

02:04:25or a huge glass of water.

02:04:27Lizard sharks like to swim

02:04:29at the bottom of the ocean

02:04:31like many other sharks.

02:04:33When they hunt something delicious,

02:04:35they move a bit like a snake.

02:04:37And just like a snake,

02:04:39they like to swallow their meal

02:04:41but that doesn't mean they don't have teeth.

02:04:43On the contrary, they have about 200 teeth

02:04:45and they are very sharp.

02:04:47The hammerhead shark has a long,

02:04:49flat and very pointy nose.

02:04:51The teeth it has on its nose

02:04:53keep growing.

02:04:55Each of its teeth is equipped

02:04:57with electrical receivers

02:04:59to help the hammerhead shark

02:05:01feel the fish nearby,

02:05:03like the radar of a ship.

02:05:05When dinner is near,

02:05:07the shark swims and hits its nose,

02:05:09and if it gets close,

02:05:11you won't have time to blink.

02:05:13Did you see that?

02:05:15And now,

02:05:17let me introduce you to the fastest shark in the world,

02:05:19the mackerel shark.

02:05:21It can swim up to 55 km per hour.

02:05:23It doesn't seem to be that fast on land,

02:05:25but underwater, it is.

02:05:27It is longer than a cheetah

02:05:29but faster than most dogs.

02:05:31It has hot blood,

02:05:33which is very rare for a shark.

02:05:35It allows it to swim to cold and remote places

02:05:37where an ordinary shark

02:05:39would simply not survive.

02:05:41The mackerel shark is much faster.

02:05:43It can swim up to 90 km per hour.

02:05:45It is not a shark,

02:05:47but it is still an extraordinary creature.

02:05:49In a race,

02:05:51the mackerel shark usually comes first.

02:05:53But it is not only fast,

02:05:55it is ingeniously fast.

02:05:57It has a gland next to its nose

02:05:59that pumps a special oil.

02:06:01This oil spreads through the nose

02:06:03and comes out through tiny holes.

02:06:05The oil is impermeable,

02:06:07which allows the mackerel shark

02:06:09to slide into the water at high speed.

02:06:13Let's dive

02:06:15into the depths of the ocean

02:06:17and discover which of these frightening creatures

02:06:19are our friends.

02:06:21We swim in the tropical waters

02:06:23of the island of Nanuia, Balawu,

02:06:25near Fiji.

02:06:27Do you see these huge animals

02:06:29the size of a Volkswagen cocktail?

02:06:31These are manta rays.

02:06:33They have a whip-shaped body

02:06:35and a large flat body in the shape of a lozenge.

02:06:37There are two species of manta rays.

02:06:39The reef manta ray

02:06:41and the giant manta ray.

02:06:43They belong to the same family as sharks,

02:06:45but they only have small teeth

02:06:47in their lower jaws.

02:06:49They feed on plankton,

02:06:51small fish and crustaceans.

02:06:53Manta rays are social animals

02:06:55and they like people.

02:06:57If you let them approach you,

02:06:59they will swim around you to watch you,

02:07:01because they swim extremely fast.

02:07:03Their name translates to

02:07:05mantle or cover.

02:07:07And of all marine creatures,

02:07:09they have the largest brain

02:07:11in relation to the weight of their body.

02:07:13They are able to recognize themselves

02:07:15in a mirror.

02:07:17Then we meet the sheep-headed labrador.

02:07:19It is not very beautiful,

02:07:21but it is one of the nicest fish

02:07:23you will find in the shallow waters

02:07:25of Japan, China and Korea.

02:07:27It has protuberances on its jaw and head.

02:07:29It likes to hide in its anemone

02:07:31and it is generally afraid of going out,

02:07:33even with its 100 cm long.

02:07:3530 years ago,

02:07:37one of its lips made friends

02:07:39with a Japanese diver.

02:07:41When he found it, he was injured

02:07:43and the man helped him to recover.

02:07:45The diver was the guardian

02:07:47of an aquatic Shintoist sanctuary.

02:07:49He called the fish by ringing

02:07:51an underwater bell.

02:07:53Now let's go swimming

02:07:55with the largest fish in the world,

02:07:57it is indeed a shark.

02:07:59This creature has a lot in common

02:08:01with whales.

02:08:03It can live for 100 years,

02:08:05but it has a tiny brain.

02:08:07Whale sharks are indifferent to humans.

02:08:09What they cannot eat,

02:08:11they simply ignore it.

02:08:13And unlike other species of sharks,

02:08:15they will not bite you.

02:08:17Whale sharks are filterers.

02:08:19They have teeth,

02:08:21and even 3,000,

02:08:23but they do not use them.

02:08:25A whale shark is about 50 cm long.

02:08:27Then we have the moonfish,

02:08:29a fish without a tail

02:08:31that seems to have been cut in half.

02:08:33It has large fins,

02:08:35and when you see it pierce the surface of the water,

02:08:37you will think it is a shark.

02:08:39The moonfish dives into the depths

02:08:41and lets the other fish exfoliate its skin

02:08:43and eliminate its parasites.

02:08:45Once this is done,

02:08:47it returns to the surface to sunbathe.

02:08:49It is also a voracious eater.

02:08:51If it sees you in the water,

02:08:53it will probably think of you and watch you.

02:08:55By spending the day there,

02:08:57you could feed it directly with your hand.

02:08:59But here is the animal

02:09:01that always seems to smile,

02:09:03the great dolphin.

02:09:05It is one of the most sociable marine creatures,

02:09:07and it travels in groups.

02:09:09It likes to play, hunt,

02:09:11raise its dolphins,

02:09:13and help its community.

02:09:15The great dolphin is an excellent swimmer

02:09:17with speeds reaching 30 km per hour.

02:09:19It usually goes back to the surface

02:09:21to rest on its head.

02:09:23These animals communicate very well with each other

02:09:25and even send each other messages.

02:09:27They use their co-locations

02:09:29to find food.

02:09:31When they spot humans,

02:09:33they are very warm,

02:09:35so much so that they lower their guard,

02:09:37which makes them vulnerable

02:09:39to other marine creatures,

02:09:41such as sharks.

02:09:43As we now head towards the Pacific coast,

02:09:45we will meet some gray whales.

02:09:47Their skin is covered with parasites

02:09:49that look like a piece of shaggy rock.

02:09:51With them,

02:09:53you must first show white paws.

02:09:55Gray whales will attack a large boat

02:09:57if they feel that their whales are in danger.

02:09:59But in general,

02:10:01they are pretty nice

02:10:03and will let the kayaks sail quietly.

02:10:05It may happen that they approach small boats

02:10:07and allow humans to touch them.

02:10:09But the law forces you to keep your distance.

02:10:11If it wants to get to know you,

02:10:13the gray whale will come to you.

02:10:15If it feels threatened,

02:10:17let me show you a fish

02:10:19that has a tool on its head,

02:10:21the hammerhead shark.

02:10:23Its skull helps it to hunt.

02:10:25Its eyes are placed on the outside edges of the hammer

02:10:27and allow it a 360-degree vertical view.

02:10:29But right in front of its nose,

02:10:31it sees nothing.

02:10:33Its head is like a metal detector.

02:10:35What it is looking for is generally hidden

02:10:37under the sand.

02:10:39So it plunges its head there

02:10:41and brings up everything below.

02:10:43You will meet these animals in temperate and tropical waters,

02:10:45as well close to the coast as offshore.

02:10:47They usually move in groups.

02:10:49They are rather harmless for swimmers and divers,

02:10:51but it happens that they become aggressive.

02:10:53Before attacking, however,

02:10:55they will give you some warning signs.

02:10:57Divers, in general,

02:10:59know what to do in this case.

02:11:01Here is now a creature

02:11:03a little smaller, the sea lion.

02:11:05With them, it's a bit complicated.

02:11:07They are players, aggressive,

02:11:09arrogant, intelligent

02:11:11and especially curious.

02:11:13Sea lions cannot breathe underwater,

02:11:15but they can dive to nearly 300 meters

02:11:17and hold their breath

02:11:19for a long time.

02:11:21They breathe air through their noses

02:11:23and once they are underwater,

02:11:25their nostrils close completely.

02:11:27If they see humans on the beach,

02:11:29they stay away and wait for them to leave.

02:11:31These creatures in the wild

02:11:33are not the friendliest,

02:11:35especially if they feel threatened.

02:11:37Docile sea lions are only

02:11:39because they have been captured and trained.

02:11:41Now let's talk about belugas.

02:11:43They are white, have a voluminous head

02:11:45and are among the most sociable

02:11:47and noisy animals you can meet.

02:11:49The shape of their mouths

02:11:51will give you the impression that they are smiling.

02:11:53At birth, belugas are dark grey.

02:11:55It takes 8 years for their skin to turn white.

02:11:57They can also change the shape of their heads

02:11:59by blowing air around their sinuses.

02:12:01Belugas love people.

02:12:03Once they have made friends,

02:12:05they don't want to leave.

02:12:07Even if they are wild animals,

02:12:09they are sometimes too trusting of humans.

02:12:11Biologists advise to keep their distance

02:12:13for their safety.

02:12:15Have you ever heard of sea cows?

02:12:17These are the lamantins.

02:12:19You will meet some in rivers

02:12:21and others in the oceans.

02:12:23Despite their large size,

02:12:25they usually live in shallow coastal areas,

02:12:27eating marine grass, leaves and algae.

02:12:29Lamantins raise their heads

02:12:31to the surface every 4 minutes

02:12:33to breathe.

02:12:35But they can hold their breath longer than that.

02:12:37They are slow travelers

02:12:39and even if they are not as smart as dolphins,

02:12:41they can understand colors.

02:12:43They are nice giants

02:12:45and they like to approach humans

02:12:47in search of warmth.

02:12:49Then we have the pelarine shark,

02:12:51the second largest shark in the world.

02:12:53Its mouth is its most impressive feature.

02:12:55What does my mouth have?

02:12:57It can open over a meter wide.

02:12:59These animals look rather intimidating,

02:13:01but despite their size,

02:13:03they are safe for humans

02:13:05and divers swim with them.

02:13:07They are very sociable

02:13:09and can travel in groups of 100 people.

02:13:11They stay close to the surface of the water

02:13:13and feed on plankton.

02:13:15They also have a lot of teeth that they don't use.

02:13:17Do you know which creature

02:13:19is able to sing at a very high volume

02:13:21for 30 minutes?

02:13:23This guy.

02:13:25Well, you may be a little too young to know him.

02:13:27Among animals, it is the humpback whale.

02:13:29Scientists do not really know why

02:13:31they sing like that,

02:13:33but they can sing and seduce their congeners.

02:13:35You will see them near the coasts

02:13:37feeding on very fine food

02:13:39and they use their fins to propel themselves in the water.

02:13:41Humpback whales are less friendly

02:13:43than gray whales

02:13:45because they are very cautious.

02:13:47But they are the heroes of the ocean.

02:13:49They were seen coming to the rescue

02:13:51of creatures attacked by orcs

02:13:53and experts say they are able to make decisions

02:13:55and solve problems.

02:13:57Once, a humpback whale intervened

02:13:59to save a biologist

02:14:01from a tiger attack.

02:14:03Now, let's try to spot the camouflage specialist,

02:14:05the Caribbean reef octopus.

02:14:07Its cells allow it to melt

02:14:09in the texture of the sand

02:14:11and rocks of the ocean.

02:14:13But this octopus is lonely

02:14:15and prefers to manage on its own.

02:14:17It is a tiny creature.

02:14:19It can reach 13 cm

02:14:21and its tentacles are as long as an average human foot.

02:14:23If you get too close to it,

02:14:25it will probably turn blue

02:14:27to warn you that it feels threatened.

02:14:29And even if it is a little wary,

02:14:31it is better to keep your distance

02:14:33and leave it alone.

02:14:35A creature with a strange appearance

02:14:37walks like a living vacuum cleaner

02:14:39in the dark depths of the ocean.

02:14:41I want to talk about the sea pig.

02:14:43It owes its name to its pinkish body

02:14:45and it holds in the palm of your hand.

02:14:47These creatures do not swim

02:14:49but walk at the bottom of the sea.

02:14:51Their legs comprise 5 to 7 pairs of voluminous tubular feet

02:14:53and they have tentacles

02:14:55around their mouths

02:14:57looking for debris to nibble on.

02:15:01Rather vulnerable,

02:15:03it is thanks to their venomous skin

02:15:05that sea pigs protect themselves

02:15:07from other marine creatures.

02:15:09If you meet one,

02:15:11it will be very friendly

02:15:13but if you want to take it home

02:15:15and keep it,

02:15:17you will need a very deep aquarium.

02:15:19And since we are talking about

02:15:21viscous aquatic creatures,

02:15:23here is the ctenophore.

02:15:25Those who have two tentacles

02:15:27and those who do not.

02:15:29You can spot them at night

02:15:31because they shine in the dark

02:15:33and illuminate the waters.

02:15:35Among this species,

02:15:37we find the sea pig.

02:15:39On the sand,

02:15:41it looks like a transparent jelly ball

02:15:43and it can hold in a coffee spoon.

02:15:45Unlike jellyfish,

02:15:47ctenophores do not sting.

02:15:49They do not have stinging cells

02:15:51and you can swim with them without danger.

02:15:53You are about to go

02:15:55into the darkest depths of the ocean

02:15:57and check if this statement is true.

02:15:59Are the creatures that live here

02:16:01as scary as people think?

02:16:03You go down 40 meters under the water.

02:16:05Be very careful

02:16:07of what happens under your palms.

02:16:09Oh my God, what is this terrifying face

02:16:11half hidden in the sand?

02:16:13It's the uranoscope.

02:16:15You can meet this fish

02:16:17in the east of the United States.

02:16:19It dives into the sand

02:16:21and gets close to it.

02:16:23Then this nightmarish creature

02:16:25inflicts an electric shock

02:16:27and, my faith,

02:16:29you sink deeper

02:16:31up to 70 meters under the surface.

02:16:33This is where you see

02:16:35a colorful and chubby creature

02:16:37that is no more than 30 centimeters long.

02:16:39It is the Neoclinus blanchardii.

02:16:41At first,

02:16:43the fish seems harmless.

02:16:45Ah, okay,

02:16:47but only if you don't provoke it.

02:16:49When this animal is agitated,

02:16:51it opens its huge, huge mouth

02:16:53to repel predators.

02:16:55This defensive tactic

02:16:57is both surprising and frightening.

02:16:59Fortunately,

02:17:01this fish is not a threat to people.

02:17:03The creature you see

02:17:05then can comfortably live

02:17:07in shallow waters.

02:17:09But you meet it at a depth of 300 meters.

02:17:11You don't even need to wonder

02:17:13why this animal is called

02:17:15the fragile star of Game of Thrones.

02:17:17Contrary to the sea stars

02:17:19that slowly fill the seabed,

02:17:21this creature moves quickly.

02:17:23Its arms are long and flexible

02:17:25to move from point A to point B.

02:17:27Its body is protected by a hard shell

02:17:29made of calcium carbonate.

02:17:31We also know these creatures

02:17:33under the name of serpentine stars.

02:17:35They are tiny and easily fit

02:17:37into the crevices, cracks

02:17:39and small crevices of the rocks.

02:17:41At a depth of 600 meters,

02:17:43we meet the giant squid.

02:17:45For a long time,

02:17:47we thought it was a legendary creature

02:17:49rather than a real animal.

02:17:51The giant squid was filmed

02:17:53for the first time in 2001

02:17:55and it is really as big as its name suggests.

02:17:57The eyes of the creature

02:17:59are the size of a football.

02:18:01And the squid itself

02:18:03can weigh up to 270 kilos.

02:18:05At nearly 900 meters deep,

02:18:07another horrible animal scares you.

02:18:09It is a little red and rather small.

02:18:11It does not exceed 30 centimeters long.

02:18:13When you approach the creature,

02:18:15it seems rather docile

02:18:17or maybe just indifferent.

02:18:19The vampire of the abysses,

02:18:21that's the name of the animal,

02:18:23looks like an umbrella with tentacles.

02:18:25It does not even produce ink,

02:18:27so leave it alone.

02:18:29Shortly after, at a depth of 1000 meters,

02:18:31you meet the ferocious squid.

02:18:33This creature is a parasite.

02:18:35It attaches to big fish,

02:18:37dolphins, whales

02:18:39and sometimes even humans.

02:18:41Then, with its sharp teeth

02:18:43and well arranged,

02:18:45it tears pieces of meat

02:18:47the size of a biscuit.

02:18:49This vile animal does not exceed

02:18:5151 centimeters and lives

02:18:53in the twilight zone of the ocean.

02:18:55At a depth of 1000 meters,

02:18:57light becomes a rare and precious thing.

02:18:59Animals that live so far from the surface

02:19:01must develop unusual characteristics

02:19:03to survive.

02:19:05This is how the returning fish

02:19:07ended up having a transparent head

02:19:09in the form of barrels.

02:19:11At present, and as always,

02:19:13they are pointed upwards,

02:19:15which allows the fish to see its potential prey.

02:19:17So, you too.

02:19:19After 1200 meters under the surface,

02:19:21you see something soft and flimsy.

02:19:23The blobfish

02:19:25has neither skeleton nor muscle.

02:19:27Its gelatinous flesh allows this creature

02:19:29to survive under an incredible pressure of water.

02:19:31Despite its appearance,

02:19:33the blobfish

02:19:35is an ambush-type predator.

02:19:37It usually remains completely still

02:19:39at the bottom of the water

02:19:41and waits for the passage of carefree prey.

02:19:43You go even deeper

02:19:45and you spot a creature

02:19:47that looks particularly scary.

02:19:49The shark feels the prey with its muzzle.

02:19:51The terrifying jaws of the creature

02:19:53are attached to elastic ligaments.

02:19:55When an animal

02:19:57approaches too close,

02:19:59the shark catapults its mouth forward

02:20:01to catch it.

02:20:03If your mouth could do the same,

02:20:05you would have to hang 18 cm from your face.

02:20:07Wow!

02:20:09If we continue to go down,

02:20:11at 1500 meters,

02:20:13you notice another member of the shark family.

02:20:15The striped shark looks like an eel

02:20:17in full growth,

02:20:19but its branches are bordered

02:20:21by a red stripe on the edges,

02:20:23hence its name.

02:20:25The terrifying mouth of this creature

02:20:27has 25 rows of pointed teeth

02:20:29oriented backwards,

02:20:31or 300 in total.

02:20:33The shark goes down the water

02:20:35to wait for its prey to approach,

02:20:37then it rushes at it like a snake.

02:20:39Suddenly, you see something

02:20:41that shines like an electric bulb,

02:20:43but after being approached,

02:20:45you retreat with horror.

02:20:47The creature looks like an improved eel

02:20:49with huge teeth.

02:20:51It is the shark dragon

02:20:53that can live at a depth of 1800 meters.

02:20:55The chemical processes

02:20:57that take place inside the body of this fish

02:20:59produce a strange red glow.

02:21:01This red glow is used

02:21:03to communicate with other fish.

02:21:05At the same depth, 1800 meters,

02:21:07you meet another inhabitant of the depths

02:21:09whose most striking feature

02:21:11is its huge mouth.

02:21:13Thanks to it,

02:21:15the great pelican goose

02:21:17can swallow its entire prey.

02:21:19Its stomach can expand

02:21:21to reach the terrifying size

02:21:23that allows it to ingest something huge.

02:21:25At a depth of 2000 meters,

02:21:27you meet a creature that looks furious

02:21:29It is the fishing fish.

02:21:31The animal has a strange dorsal fin,

02:21:33but it is only the females

02:21:35who are endowed with it.

02:21:37It passes over their mouths

02:21:39and has a lure at its end.

02:21:41A luminous flesh

02:21:43that overwhelms the fish.

02:21:45The fishing fish has such a large mouth

02:21:47and its body is so flexible

02:21:49that it can swallow animals

02:21:51twice as big as it.

02:21:53You are at 2100 meters deep

02:21:55when you see another fish

02:21:57The fishing fish is a fierce creature

02:21:59whose luminous organs

02:22:01are located along its stomach.

02:22:03This frightening beast

02:22:05also has bright lights

02:22:07next to its eyes.

02:22:09It helps the animal to find prey

02:22:11and to attract potential partners.

02:22:13At the same depth,

02:22:15you also see a huge batten.

02:22:17But unlike the cloportes

02:22:19that you can find in your garden,

02:22:21this one is at least 51 centimeters long.

02:22:23It is a giant isopod

02:22:25related to the cloportes,

02:22:27as well as crabs and shrimps.

02:22:29These creatures may seem a little scary,

02:22:31but they are harmless.

02:22:33They feed on other animals from the depths,

02:22:35but only after their death.

02:22:37OK.

02:22:39At a depth of 4000 meters,

02:22:41you see that the bottom of the ocean

02:22:43has become a little muddy.

02:22:45This is because it is covered with zombie green.

02:22:47These creatures rarely reach

02:22:49more than 5 centimeters long.

02:22:51And yet, they can break down

02:22:53pretty big animals,

02:22:55so the acid they produce is powerful.

02:22:57The appearance of the feathers of the green

02:22:59gives them the appearance of a plant.

02:23:01But the truth is that these creatures

02:23:03gnaw hard bones like rock

02:23:05from the largest animals in the world,

02:23:07like whales.

02:23:09The hypnops fish almost frightens you

02:23:11to the point of making you lose your mind.

02:23:13This creature has a pair of large green oval plates

02:23:15on top of its head and has no eyes.

02:23:17Experts think that these bone membranes

02:23:19detect the light coming from predators,

02:23:21which saves the life of the fish.

02:23:23You are now 5 kilometers

02:23:25under the surface,

02:23:27and that's where you spot something

02:23:29weird at the bottom.

02:23:31It's a fish, but it stays at the bottom

02:23:33of the ocean on three long stiff legs.

02:23:35Ah, it's the tripod fish,

02:23:37more curious than frightening in reality.

02:23:39This creature has adapted

02:23:41to almost total darkness

02:23:43by renouncing its vision.

02:23:45It must rely on vibrations and touch

02:23:47to feel its prey.

02:23:49The fish uses its fins as hands

02:23:51to transport food

02:23:53directly into its mouth.

02:23:55You don't have time to go any further

02:23:57before spotting the faceless fish.

02:23:59This creature, a little ugly,

02:24:01let's say, has no eyes.

02:24:03And its mouth, which smiles like a joconde,

02:24:05is under its body.

02:24:07For the first time, the headless broom,

02:24:09which is the official name of the creature,

02:24:11was seen more than a century ago.

02:24:13The next time was in 2017.

02:24:15When you reach a depth

02:24:17of 10 km below the surface,

02:24:19you come across sea cucumbers.

02:24:21These strange creatures

02:24:23are much larger than their

02:24:25congener of shallow waters.

02:24:27They spend most of their time

02:24:29on the seabed, but if they need

02:24:31to escape predators,

02:24:33they are able to escape by swimming.

02:24:35The cucumbers of the depths

02:24:37have a bright purple color,

02:24:39tiny feet and tentacles

02:24:41all around their mouths.

02:24:43The question is,

02:24:45why do they look so scary?

02:24:47Life is very different down there.

02:24:49There is a huge pressure

02:24:51of water, a lack of food

02:24:53and a constant darkness.

02:24:55You have to adapt to survive

02:24:57in such extreme conditions,

02:24:59hence these strange physiques.

02:25:01It looks like

02:25:03a prehistoric creature

02:25:05from the time of the dinosaurs.

02:25:07This scary beast is the

02:25:09pilgrim shark.

02:25:11It can measure up to 12 meters long.

02:25:13We have seen only three

02:25:15in the last 160 years.

02:25:17The last time was in 2015,

02:25:19and before that,

02:25:21about 80 years ago.

02:25:23These sharks sometimes go up

02:25:25to the surface to eat small animals,

02:25:27such as shrimp and other small crustaceans,

02:25:29and eat delicious seafood.

02:25:31But when they don't have enough food

02:25:33on the surface, they can go down

02:25:35to nearly 1,000 meters,

02:25:37where they stay for months.

02:25:39This is what researchers discovered

02:25:41in the early 1980s.

02:25:43Pilgrim sharks like temperate waters,

02:25:45but they can migrate

02:25:47over long distances.

02:25:49They live all over the world.

02:25:51But in warmer tropical or subtropical areas,

02:25:53they will not approach the surface

02:25:55because the temperatures there are higher,

02:25:57and they don't like that.

02:25:59The lion's mane jellyfish

02:26:01is not so rare,

02:26:03but its size is impressive.

02:26:05It is the largest of all jellyfish

02:26:07and the longest animal there is.

02:26:09It is about 7 meters longer

02:26:11than the longest blue whale

02:26:13known to scientists.

02:26:15This jellyfish has between 70 and 150 tentacles,

02:26:17and they all contain

02:26:19huge amounts of neurotoxins

02:26:21that can seriously harm your health

02:26:23if you come in contact with the animal.

02:26:25But we rarely see this type of jellyfish

02:26:27because they generally live

02:26:29far from the coast,

02:26:31preferring the high seas.

02:26:33You will usually find the lion's mane jellyfish

02:26:35at a maximum depth of 20 meters

02:26:37where it feeds on small fish,

02:26:39plankton and some other types of jellyfish.

02:26:41It uses its tentacles

02:26:43to catch its precious meal.

02:26:45Do you want fries with that?

02:26:47The giant phantom jellyfish

02:26:49lives in the darkness of ocean depths.

02:26:51Its umbrella-shaped beach hat

02:26:53measures more than a meter in diameter.

02:26:55This jellyfish

02:26:57drags its four beaded arms

02:26:59in the shape of a ribbon,

02:27:01which can be about 10 meters long.

02:27:03This rare creature uses its beaded arms

02:27:05to catch the unfortunate animals

02:27:07swimming in its neighborhood

02:27:09without knowing what awaits them.

02:27:11The giant phantom jellyfish

02:27:13propels itself in the water

02:27:15with periodic pulsations

02:27:17coming from its orange head.

02:27:19It shines faintly and mysteriously

02:27:21in the dark depths.

02:27:23It lives in all the oceans of the world

02:27:25except in the Arctic,

02:27:27probably because it is too cold there.

02:27:29Because of its strange shape,

02:27:31we have often taken the sea ribbon

02:27:33which is 8 meters long,

02:27:35which makes it the longest bone fish

02:27:37we have ever seen,

02:27:39and lives at a depth of 1,000 meters.

02:27:41The jellyfish spends most of its time

02:27:43in the darkest and deepest parts of the ocean,

02:27:45in tropical and subtropical areas.

02:27:47It almost never goes back to the surface,

02:27:49except if it is invited.

02:27:51It is a shiny silver creature

02:27:53in the shape of a ribbon

02:27:55with a long red dorsal fin

02:27:57and red pelvic fins

02:27:59and in the shape of a ram.

02:28:01It has no scales and is very thin.

02:28:03This fish can measure up to 9 meters

02:28:05and weigh 300 kilos.

02:28:07The jellyfish has very large eyes

02:28:09that allow it to see well

02:28:11in the frightening darkness in which it lives.

02:28:13The jellyfish is undoubtedly

02:28:15one of the most monstrous animals

02:28:17in the marine world.

02:28:19If you saw it somewhere,

02:28:21you would probably say

02:28:23that you came back to the dinosaur era.

02:28:25Yes, the jellyfish is a prehistoric creature

02:28:27because its roots date back to 80 million years.

02:28:29This living fossil

02:28:31can measure up to 2 meters long.

02:28:33It owes its name to the fringed appearance

02:28:35of its branched fins.

02:28:37Although the jellyfish is a shark

02:28:39in their name, they swim like eels

02:28:41in a clearly serpentine way.

02:28:43Their mouth is terrifying.

02:28:45Similar to the mouth of the great white shark,

02:28:47it has 300 teeth

02:28:49in the shape of a trident

02:28:51aligned on 25 rows.

02:28:53Come on, get a little closer.

02:28:55Researchers discovered this creature

02:28:57at the beginning of the 20th century,

02:28:59but it is very rarely observed,

02:29:01and this is not surprising.

02:29:03It generally lives at depths

02:29:05between 120 and 1280 meters.

02:29:07Most of the time, the jellyfish

02:29:09feeds on calamari, which swallow it whole.

02:29:11Its long jaws allow it to open

02:29:13its mouth very wide

02:29:15to swallow animals twice as long

02:29:17as its entire body.

02:29:19Jellyfish are very rare.

02:29:21Scientists have spotted

02:29:23less than 50 in more than 120 years.

02:29:25The jellyfish is a rather frightening animal,

02:29:27with a narrow muzzle and pointy teeth.

02:29:29It is also capable of projecting

02:29:31its entire jaw outward

02:29:33when it wants to catch something.

02:29:35Well, that reminds me of someone.

02:29:37As it roams in the dark

02:29:39depths of the ocean,

02:29:41the jellyfish sees a small calamari

02:29:43that seems very appetizing to it.

02:29:45The dangerous animal slowly approaches

02:29:47its prey.

02:29:49When the poor creature notices the predator,

02:29:51it tries to escape,

02:29:53but it is too late.

02:29:55The jellyfish has already extended its jaw

02:29:57by about 10 centimeters.

02:29:59This jaw is attached to a part of its skin

02:30:01that the jellyfish can unfold.

02:30:03This is of great help to it

02:30:05because it is a rather slow animal.

02:30:07It is therefore quite difficult for it

02:30:09to pursue its prey.

02:30:11After having finished its lunch,

02:30:13the jellyfish puts its jaw back in its mouth

02:30:15and moves away as if nothing had happened.

02:30:17Jellyfish live mainly

02:30:19at the bottom of the ocean.

02:30:21They are solitary animals.

02:30:23Here is a silver-colored creature

02:30:25with very rough skin.

02:30:27It is the moonfish,

02:30:29whose total length can reach 3.3 meters.

02:30:31Its other name is the mole.

02:30:33The moonfish is the heaviest

02:30:35of all existing bonefish.

02:30:37It is sometimes called

02:30:39the fisherman's head fish

02:30:41in some countries because of its strange appearance.

02:30:43If these creatures have such a strange shape,

02:30:45it is because they are born

02:30:47with a dorsal fin that never grows.

02:30:49It folds over itself

02:30:51as the animal develops

02:30:53and forms a rounded gill.

02:30:55The moonfish is a little clumsy.

02:30:57It moves with its powerful fins

02:30:59that allow it to swim on the side.

02:31:01This inhabitant of the seas

02:31:03is a solitary creature.

02:31:05It mainly feeds on plankton and jellyfish.

02:31:07The spotted carp is one

02:31:09of the rarest sharks in the world.

02:31:11It can measure more than 3 meters long.

02:31:13It may not look as terrifying

02:31:15as some of its friends,

02:31:17but it is quite good at catching

02:31:19the animals that pass by

02:31:21without suspecting anything,

02:31:23especially at night.

02:31:25This animal has a spiral

02:31:27that allows it to breathe

02:31:29while remaining still

02:31:31at the bottom of the ocean.

02:31:33It is immobile most of the time,

02:31:35which is why it is difficult to notice.

02:31:37Its flat body and its large pelvic

02:31:39and pectoral fins

02:31:41merge into the underwater landscape.

02:31:43Thus, it is very good at hiding.

02:31:45A carp is also called

02:31:47a wobgong in aboriginal language.

02:31:49They usually live near the ocean floor

02:31:51in the coral reefs,

02:31:53on sandy bottoms,

02:31:55and under the jetties.

02:31:57They have sometimes been seen

02:31:59at barely sufficient depths

02:32:01to cover their bodies.

02:32:03The blobfish are devoid of teeth and bones,

02:32:05so they cannot actively hunt.

02:32:07And as their muscle mass is of low density,

02:32:09they move quite little.

02:32:11I had a roommate like that once.

02:32:13They use their energy

02:32:15by feeding on the ocean floor.

02:32:17They also know how to conserve this energy.

02:32:19This is what most creatures do

02:32:21in the depths,

02:32:23because they do not have

02:32:25abundant food,

02:32:27unlike animals that swim

02:32:29closer to the surface.

02:32:31To compensate,

02:32:33their bodies are able

02:32:35to store this energy,

02:32:37which allows them to survive

02:32:39in the period of disease.

02:32:41The blobfish looks like a bizarre gelatinous mass

02:32:43as soon as you bring it back to the surface.

02:32:45The air pressure

02:32:47is not strong enough

02:32:49to give its body

02:32:51the appearance it has in its natural habitat.

02:32:53It is all softened.

02:32:55The white-bordered uranoscope

02:32:57could rival the blobfish

02:32:59for the title of the mildest animal in the sea,

02:33:01don't you think?

02:33:03This fish has eyes on top of its head,

02:33:05as well as a mouth facing up,

02:33:07which allows it to hide in the sand.

02:33:09Most of the time,

02:33:11its eyes alone go beyond the sand.

02:33:13It swims gently

02:33:15until a small animal passes by.

02:33:17It can then throw itself at its target

02:33:19at an incredible speed,

02:33:21literally in a few milliseconds.

02:33:23Its movement creates a void in the water

02:33:25and attracts a crab,

02:33:27a fish or some other unlucky little animal.

02:33:29Another tactic

02:33:31involves the venom.

02:33:33This fish has a venomous spine

02:33:35in its homoplate,

02:33:37which allows it to defend itself

02:33:39against its predators.

02:33:41Although it is not related to the electric eel,

02:33:43the white-bordered uranoscope

02:33:45can generate an electric shock

02:33:47of 50 volts.

02:33:49Ouch!

02:33:51The Heikegani crab

02:33:53lives off the Japanese coast

02:33:55and has a distinctive pattern

02:33:57on its shell

02:33:59that resembles a human face,

02:34:01more precisely

02:34:03the face of an angry samurai,

02:34:05the scarlet striped shrimp

02:34:07is a nature stopper.

02:34:09It stands on the bottom of the sea

02:34:11and shakes its long antennae

02:34:13so that fish and marine animals

02:34:15come down and pick it up.

02:34:17It then pays for the journey

02:34:19by cleaning its host of bacteria and plankton.

02:34:21Salpidae are often confused

02:34:23with jellyfish,

02:34:25although they are closer

02:34:27to Portuguese galleys.

02:34:29They are very quick to mature,

02:34:31going from the stage of newborns

02:34:33to the age of 48 hours.

02:34:35The Galapagos Islands

02:34:37are legendary.

02:34:39There are giant turtles,

02:34:41blue-footed seals,

02:34:43light-footed salamanders

02:34:45and red-lipped batfish.

02:34:47But if you have already swum there,

02:34:49you may have seen something

02:34:51really unexpected in the water.

02:34:53Iguanas.

02:34:55These large marine reptiles

02:34:57eat the algae growing

02:34:59on the underwater rocks.

02:35:01A long, flat tail

02:35:03designed to swim helps them move

02:35:05and clenched claws

02:35:07keep them on the rocks

02:35:09for their daily tanning sessions.

02:35:11But look at them,

02:35:13they are very stubborn.

02:35:15Not that they are smelly,

02:35:17they are stubborn with salt.

02:35:19A special gland prevents

02:35:21the salt from entering their nose

02:35:23and they have to get rid of it

02:35:25one way or another.

02:35:27And what's great is that it doesn't

02:35:29matter how long they've been isolated.

02:35:31Creatures are not afraid of humans.

02:35:33Fish can also fly.

02:35:35Thanks to their fins

02:35:37similar to wings,

02:35:39flying fish can fly

02:35:41at a distance of about 180 metres,

02:35:43almost as long as two football fields.

02:35:45They need to fly

02:35:47to escape their predators.

02:35:49The skeleton shrimp

02:35:51could be a nightmarish creature

02:35:53if it wasn't so small.

02:35:55It looks like a phasm,

02:35:57but it's almost entirely transparent.

02:35:59The next creature

02:36:01looks more like a horror movie

02:36:03than an ocean.

02:36:05The sea devil

02:36:07lives at an impressive depth

02:36:09of 975 metres

02:36:11and doesn't lack any strange features.

02:36:13It has sharp teeth,

02:36:15like razors, a deformed body

02:36:17and a disturbing look.

02:36:19But what is perhaps the most frightening

02:36:21about this fish is the way

02:36:23it catches its prey.

02:36:25It has sharp teeth,

02:36:27like a fishing rod on its forehead

02:36:29and a bright light

02:36:31attached to the end

02:36:33to attract the animals.

02:36:35Once they get close enough

02:36:37to the light,

02:36:39they are captured

02:36:41by the massive jaws of the sea devil.

02:36:43These creatures are even able

02:36:45to eat prey

02:36:47bigger than them.

02:36:49Sea stars can cover their prey

02:36:51with their stomach

02:36:53to repatriate their stomach

02:36:55inside. It's practical.

02:36:57Their cousins, sea cucumbers,

02:36:59can do the same trick

02:37:01but they leave a part of their bowels

02:37:03behind them to frighten their attackers.

02:37:05And that's not a problem.

02:37:07The missing parts grow back quickly.

02:37:09The cacatoes

02:37:11or glass squid

02:37:13are a species whose limbs

02:37:15can reach an impressive size.

02:37:17Moreover, they all have one thing in common.

02:37:19Their body is transparent

02:37:21and their internal organs

02:37:23shine in the dark.

02:37:25Even if the glass squid

02:37:27seems to have forgotten to do her hair in the morning,

02:37:29it's actually her skin

02:37:31that sticks everywhere.

02:37:33Sea predators

02:37:35have a harder time spotting her.

02:37:37The hairy sea devil

02:37:39lives in the reefs,

02:37:41hiding from its enemies

02:37:43in crevasses.

02:37:45If you are lucky enough to see it,

02:37:47you will notice the radical difference

02:37:49between its pale white hair

02:37:51and its pink and purple claws.

02:37:53If you walk on a sea urchin,

02:37:55you will know right away.

02:37:57Look at its spikes.

02:37:59Even if they are not aggressive,

02:38:01they have an excellent defense

02:38:03against any creature that wants to eat them.

02:38:05Venomous spikes

02:38:07and a poisonous bite.

02:38:09They live in all the oceans of the world

02:38:11so it is difficult to avoid them.

02:38:13They mostly hang in shallow waters,

02:38:15hiding in rocky basins and reefs.

02:38:17Careless people

02:38:19often walk on them.

02:38:21The long venomous spikes

02:38:23of the sea urchin look like needles

02:38:25and they give the same feeling.

02:38:27They can penetrate quite deeply

02:38:29and release a strong toxin.

02:38:31So what is the remedy?

02:38:33You have to quickly remove the spikes

02:38:35and wash them in salt water.

02:38:37Sea turtles constantly cry.

02:38:39Not that they are particularly sad,

02:38:41the tears are only due to the fact

02:38:43that they excrete the excess salt

02:38:45by their tears.

02:38:47The tentacles of the sea urchin

02:38:49can reach 3 meters long

02:38:51and each tentacle has 5,000

02:38:53stinging cells.

02:38:55Not bad for a creature

02:38:57that is mostly made of water.

02:38:59Its venom is powerful enough

02:39:01to paralyze everything it wants to eat.

02:39:03If you get stung, it hurts.

02:39:05Very bad.

02:39:07These toxins contain proteins

02:39:09that affect the heart,

02:39:11skin cells and even the nervous system.

02:39:13Sea turtles are sometimes considered

02:39:15as one of the most dangerous creatures

02:39:17on the planet.

02:39:19It is not recommended to use

02:39:21sunscreen, soda, coffee

02:39:23or other grandmother methods.

02:39:25They do not work.

02:39:27Your best chance is to simply

02:39:29use sea water

02:39:31and see a doctor as soon as possible.

02:39:33Contrary to appearances,

02:39:35the Atlantic glocus is not a real lizard.

02:39:37It is a kind of sea lizard

02:39:39that lives near the surface of the water.

02:39:41Sea lizards hunt to find food

02:39:43and let's face it,

02:39:45it is very cute.

02:39:47When a foreign body

02:39:49penetrates the shell of an oyster,

02:39:51whether it is a grain of sand,

02:39:53a parasite or a waste,

02:39:55it irritates the internal walls

02:39:57of the mollusk.

02:39:59As the animal cannot spit out the object,

02:40:01it wraps it in thin layers

02:40:03that separate it from its body.

02:40:05These stained layers accumulate

02:40:07until a round pearl is formed.

02:40:09The pearl is the tear of the mermaids.

02:40:11Now we know that they are

02:40:13only decorated debris.

02:40:15Dolphins have a very developed

02:40:17communication system.

02:40:19They call by their name.

02:40:21Each dolphin responds to a specific sound.

02:40:23The orca is the largest of the species of dolphins

02:40:25and orcas have different cultures.

02:40:27Two orcas belonging

02:40:29to different social groups

02:40:31will not even understand each other's language.

02:40:33They are the only

02:40:35known animal to do this.

02:40:37The boxer shrimp

02:40:39bears its name well.

02:40:41It has stripes all over the body

02:40:43and always stands in a boxer pose

02:40:45ready to hit.

02:40:47The Idatina physis is another

02:40:49sea slug with a special ability.

02:40:51It can quickly dig holes

02:40:53in the bottom of the sea

02:40:55and hide from the enemies.

02:40:57As its name suggests,

02:40:59the snakehead fish

02:41:01looks a lot like a snake,

02:41:03but it has a very particular characteristic.

02:41:05It can walk on its fins.

02:41:07Thanks to this particularity,

02:41:09it easily climbs from one bed of water

02:41:11to another,

02:41:13choosing habitats to its liking.

02:41:15On the way,

02:41:17the snakehead can be hungry,

02:41:19so it often crickets

02:41:21little birds and rodents.

02:41:23But it can also become very big

02:41:25and hunt even bigger animals.

02:41:27Would there be anything more strange

02:41:29than walking in nature

02:41:31and suddenly seeing a huge fish

02:41:33The alligator tortoise

02:41:35catches its prey

02:41:37while going fishing.

02:41:39Its tongue looks like a glass

02:41:41and the tortoise waits,

02:41:43its mouth wide open,

02:41:45at the bottom of a stream,

02:41:47a lake or a pond,

02:41:49until a fish, without any doubt,

02:41:51bites the hook.

02:41:53Then, clack,

02:41:55its jaws close in a wink

02:41:57and dinner is served.

02:41:59The jellyfish is normally invisible

02:42:01in the dark abyss where it resides,

02:42:03but when it is exposed to light,

02:42:05it reflects it and shines beautifully.

02:42:07The big swallow,

02:42:09although paradoxically small,

02:42:11does not take offense.

02:42:13It could easily swallow your dog.

02:42:15It can open its extremely wide mouth,

02:42:17which allows it to swallow

02:42:19prey twice as big as it.

02:42:21The African tiger fish

02:42:23eats everything it finds

02:42:25and given its size

02:42:27and those of its monstrous teeth,

02:42:29you can imagine

02:42:31that it finds a lot of food.

02:42:33It mainly feeds on other fish,

02:42:35but when food is scarce,

02:42:37it can jump out of the water

02:42:39and catch insects

02:42:41and small birds in mid-flight.

02:42:43It is not big enough

02:42:45to eat a human, of course,

02:42:47but its name should warn you

02:42:49that it can easily take a bite

02:42:51of your arm or your leg.

02:42:53Your brain controls

02:42:55your arms and legs,

02:42:57independent of its own special brain.

02:42:59Maintained together

02:43:01by a larger central brain

02:43:03that would act like an orchestra conductor.

02:43:05The central brain sends

02:43:07higher-level signals

02:43:09to each arm,

02:43:11saying things like

02:43:13« move to the left »,

02:43:15« there is a crab behind you »

02:43:17or « touch the foot of this stupid human,

02:43:19let's have a little fun with him ».

02:43:21Regardless of the intelligence

02:43:23of its arms and legs,

02:43:26the mere sight of its wing

02:43:28almost stops our heart.

02:43:30That's why you feel so nervous

02:43:32about going for a swim.

02:43:34This giant hunter with teeth

02:43:36in the shape of a knife is well known.

02:43:38It is the great white shark.

02:43:40And if this ultimate terror

02:43:42of the oceans had to fold luggage,

02:43:44it should be for a good reason.

02:43:46But who could be afraid

02:43:48of the teeth of the sea?

02:43:50A giant Lovecraftian monster

02:43:52that would even make the Megalodon

02:43:54swim? Not quite.

02:43:56Nothing cleans the oceans

02:43:58as efficiently as orcas.

02:44:00When a group of them

02:44:02is looking for food,

02:44:04like otters or squids,

02:44:06even the biggest and scariest

02:44:08sharks leave the area

02:44:10without even turning around.

02:44:12We don't know if they specifically

02:44:14target white sharks

02:44:16or if they only prevent

02:44:18competition from entering the area.

02:44:20But according to experts,

02:44:22white sharks have many teeth

02:44:24that they can use to satisfy

02:44:26their voracious appetite.

02:44:28Orcas are also very smart

02:44:30and work as a team

02:44:32to get what they want.

02:44:34Whether it's catching fish,

02:44:36removing seals from the ice

02:44:38or even hunting humpback whales.

02:44:40So even if the great white shark

02:44:42is afraid of the powerful orca,

02:44:44should we do the same?

02:44:46Personally, I keep my distance

02:44:48with any wild animal.

02:44:50You may be reassured to know

02:44:52that orcas are very difficult

02:44:54in terms of food

02:44:56and humans don't appear

02:44:58on their menu.

02:45:00It is therefore unlikely

02:45:02that they change their diet

02:45:04simply because you are

02:45:06in the parishes.

02:45:08In fact, orcas are not whales.

02:45:10Technically, they correspond

02:45:12to the largest species of dolphins.

02:45:14And sharks are as afraid

02:45:16of their cousins, the great dolphins.

02:45:18Orcas are a marine family

02:45:20that uses their long muzzle

02:45:22as a belly.

02:45:24This disturbs the shark so much

02:45:26that they prefer to simply

02:45:28leave the area.

02:45:30Now, if we think about

02:45:32the other great hunters

02:45:34of the animal kingdom,

02:45:36wolves always come to mind.

02:45:38A pack can seize

02:45:40a vast territory

02:45:42and as they are at the top

02:45:44of the food chain,

02:45:46the number always plays

02:45:48in favor of the wolves.

02:45:50The hunter becomes the hunted.

02:45:52And even alone,

02:45:54the wolf remains terrifying.

02:45:56It is too difficult for another animal

02:45:58to take on a lone wolf,

02:46:00so they are usually left alone.

02:46:02Imagine now being able

02:46:04to track a boar

02:46:06at temperatures below zero,

02:46:08dressed in orange,

02:46:10in a completely snowy environment.

02:46:12The Siberian tiger

02:46:14is over three meters long

02:46:16and weighs up to 180 kilos.

02:46:18It is the largest of all wild cats.

02:46:20This feline could easily jump

02:46:22over you while carrying

02:46:24twice its own weight.

02:46:26The only animal that can really challenge it

02:46:28would be a fairly large brown bear

02:46:30and it would be a real challenge.

02:46:32No wonder the Siberian tiger

02:46:34is at the top of the food chain

02:46:36where it lives.

02:46:38As for the big boss in South America,

02:46:40it would be the green anaconda.

02:46:42The animals are not at ease

02:46:44facing the world's largest snake.

02:46:46The troubled waters of the rivers

02:46:48and their shores perfectly hide

02:46:50this giant snake,

02:46:52which passes by totally unnoticed.

02:46:54Lie down there and wait

02:46:56for a victim to approach

02:46:58a little too close.

02:47:00Bang! It strikes!

02:47:02It uses its curved and thin teeth

02:47:04and its 4.5 meters of muscles

02:47:06to keep its meal in place.

02:47:08Fortunately for most other animals,

02:47:10it is easy to digest.

02:47:12But the biggest snake in the world

02:47:14is not the most dangerous.

02:47:16This title belongs to the black mamba.

02:47:18Lions, hyenas, giraffes

02:47:20and even elephants

02:47:22avoid it at all costs.

02:47:24They all know that a simple bite

02:47:26will tear them apart.

02:47:28Being able to reach 4 meters long,

02:47:30it is the second longest venomous snake

02:47:32in the world, according to the Royal Cobra.

02:47:34The African black mamba

02:47:36is the fastest snake in the world.

02:47:38It is about the maximum speed

02:47:40of most rolling mats.

02:47:42This neighbor of the green anaconda

02:47:44may not be the boss,

02:47:46but it still deserves to be mentioned.

02:47:48The electric eel.

02:47:50Very few animals are ready

02:47:52to face a creature as charged as it.

02:47:54It has about 6,000 special cells

02:47:56that can produce up to 800 volts of electricity.

02:47:58It is 3 to 6 times stronger

02:48:00than a wall outlet.

02:48:02It is enough to strike a horse

02:48:04or to light a Christmas tree.

02:48:06The electric eel

02:48:08can also hang electric garlands

02:48:10at its pool in Anguilla.

02:48:12Each time the eel launches a discharge,

02:48:14the bulbs light up.

02:48:16It seems that the electric eel

02:48:18can give a double discharge

02:48:20thanks to a so-called revolting power.

02:48:22No, it's a word game.

02:48:24On the other hand, the electric eel

02:48:26needs to breathe air

02:48:28by going up to the surface

02:48:30every 10 minutes

02:48:32to fill its mouth with air.

02:48:34The electric eel can be seen

02:48:36only in books and movies

02:48:38because it lives in the African plains

02:48:40and not in the forest.

02:48:42A series of predators

02:48:44such as hyenas, leopards

02:48:46and crocodiles

02:48:48are constantly trying

02:48:50to grab its crown.

02:48:52Even zebras and giraffes

02:48:54can stop this big feline

02:48:56from a well-placed saboteur.

02:48:58If we stick to the only bite force,

02:49:00the crocodile of the Nile

02:49:02and live in the water,

02:49:04it would be enough to avoid bathing.

02:49:06But good luck to avoid a lion!

02:49:08They can run at 80 km per hour,

02:49:10jump the length of a bus

02:49:12and even climb trees.

02:49:14But the main competitor of the lion

02:49:16to the title of king is the lycaon.

02:49:18These two species often fight

02:49:20because they hunt the same food

02:49:22in the same area.

02:49:24Faced with a group of lions,

02:49:26lycaons have no choice but to flee.

02:49:28But they have an advantage over felines

02:49:30Lions can reach an incredible speed

02:49:32but only over a short distance.

02:49:34It takes too much energy

02:49:36to move its 180 kg of muscles

02:49:38over long distances.

02:49:40On the other hand,

02:49:42the lycaon has long legs

02:49:44and very large lungs.

02:49:46This means they can run fast

02:49:48and keep a cadence of kilometers.

02:49:50This is how they hunt,

02:49:52tiring their lunch.

02:49:54There is still a brave animal

02:49:56to face the king

02:49:58the hippopotamus.

02:50:00They may seem nice and harmless,

02:50:02hippos are one of the most dangerous

02:50:04animals on the planet.

02:50:06According to statistics,

02:50:08they are more victims than big white sharks.

02:50:10And they are not the pussies we imagine.

02:50:12They are all in muscle and weigh as much as a car.

02:50:14Their pointy canines can be longer

02:50:16than your forearm

02:50:18and they are not afraid of anything.

02:50:20Even lions and crocodiles prefer to keep their distance.

02:50:22Their name means horseback

02:50:24and they spend up to 16 hours a day

02:50:26in the water.

02:50:28But the funny thing is that hippos

02:50:30don't really know how to swim.

02:50:32If you think you see a swimmer,

02:50:34he is actually walking on the bottom.

02:50:36They can still beat the speed

02:50:38of the best Olympic swimmers,

02:50:40so be careful.

02:50:42And yes, watch out for the lion.

02:50:44Hippos may be the real kings of Africa.

02:50:46But I will not get close to them

02:50:48to give them the crown.

02:50:50As for the sovereign of the forests,

02:50:52it is the grizzly.

02:50:54Its big hairy balls are slow

02:50:56and clumsy.

02:50:58The grizzly can run at 40 km per hour

02:51:00over long distances,

02:51:02climbing, descending and on all terrains.

02:51:04It is the 4x4 of the animal world.

02:51:06Having no natural predator,

02:51:08the grizzly is at the top of the food chain.

02:51:10Fortunately, it sleeps a third of the year.

02:51:12I just hope for you that you will never

02:51:14fall on one of them,

02:51:16especially before they go into hibernation.

02:51:18These bears spend the fall months

02:51:20fattening up to last through the winter,

02:51:22being the largest bird of prey

02:51:24in North America.

02:51:26The grizzly is found everywhere

02:51:28in North America,

02:51:30both in forests and in the mountains.

02:51:32It is almost 2 meters in width

02:51:34and we are not talking about eagle vision for nothing.

02:51:36These birds can spot a rabbit

02:51:385 km from the air.

02:51:40It's like seeing an ant

02:51:42from the top of a 10-story building.

02:51:44The grizzly can also dive

02:51:46quickly from a very high height.

02:51:48During its stings,

02:51:50they reach speeds exceeding

02:51:52320 km per hour,

02:51:54as fast as a flying arrow.

02:51:56450 million years ago,

02:51:58no, I was not there at the time,

02:52:00the sea level was higher,

02:52:02coral reefs began to form,

02:52:04the climate of our planet

02:52:06was stable and warm,

02:52:08and dinosaurs did not yet exist.

02:52:10It was at this time that fish

02:52:12with bones and jaws appeared,

02:52:14which we know as sharks.

02:52:16Since then, they have dominated the oceans

02:52:18and become our sea creatures.

02:52:20Many of them, like the great white sharks,

02:52:22have evolved and adapted

02:52:24to living in the high seas as predators

02:52:26and occupy a fairly high position

02:52:28in the food chain.

02:52:30Today, there is less diversity than before,

02:52:32especially because of the fall of an asteroid

02:52:34at the time of the dinosaurs.

02:52:36After reducing the number of shark species,

02:52:38only the small deep-sea sharks

02:52:40which mainly fed on fish

02:52:42survived.

02:52:44And over time, they began to grow.

02:52:46Near the surface, sharks like

02:52:48macaws or great white sharks

02:52:50have learned over time to move faster

02:52:52and have taken a color between gray and blue

02:52:54to blend into their environment.

02:52:56The shark Shabo,

02:52:58can even walk on the ground.

02:53:00He can't walk on the beach

02:53:02because he can't breathe out of the water,

02:53:04but he lives on coral plains

02:53:06in shallow tropical waters,

02:53:08which allows him to walk steeply.

02:53:10But in the depths,

02:53:12there are mysterious shark species

02:53:14of extraterrestrials,

02:53:16often huge,

02:53:18which did not go back to the surface,

02:53:20which explains that they did not need

02:53:22to adapt to a new environment

02:53:24and to different conditions.

02:53:26These animals have not changed much over time,

02:53:28which makes them living fossils.

02:53:30Most of these creatures

02:53:32do not have 5 fins,

02:53:34like most others,

02:53:36but 6 or 7.

02:53:38It is because there is less oxygen

02:53:40as we go down into the ocean

02:53:42that the surface sharks

02:53:44have evolved to have less.

02:53:46The 6-finned sharks

02:53:48are the most primitive

02:53:50that we have today.

02:53:52Their skeleton looks like

02:53:54that of ancient sharks

02:53:56and they can only survive

02:53:58in very deep waters.

02:54:00Like cats,

02:54:02sharks have a layer of reflective cells

02:54:04placed inside their eyes,

02:54:06which allows them to see better

02:54:08in the dark,

02:54:10so they tend to rely

02:54:12on their vision.

02:54:14Those who live in shallow waters

02:54:16have small eyes

02:54:18to be able to protect themselves

02:54:20from the sand.

02:54:22Like other creatures of the depths,

02:54:24the 6-finned sharks also have

02:54:26larger eyes to capture

02:54:28as much light as possible.

02:54:30They have more light-detector sticks

02:54:32but do not distinguish colors very well.

02:54:34In the twilight zone of the ocean,

02:54:36with a minimum of sunlight,

02:54:38they do not capture the light in their eyes

02:54:40but produce it or re-emit it with their body.

02:54:42Their skin or organs

02:54:44have specialized cells

02:54:46that produce a soft blue-green light.

02:54:48The creatures of the depths

02:54:50that produce their own light

02:54:52do so to attract their prey,

02:54:54to dissuade animals from pursuing them

02:54:56or, according to scientists,

02:54:58to communicate with each other.

02:55:00This can even help them to camouflage.

02:55:02They do so by hiding their silhouette

02:55:04from the animals that pursue them.

02:55:06The largest underwater phosphorescent creature

02:55:08is the top blue shark.

02:55:10It is found swimming

02:55:12300 meters below sea level,

02:55:14feeding on bottom fish

02:55:16or small sharks.

02:55:18It can reach 183 cm long

02:55:20and lives at 1,000 meters below sea level.

02:55:22The sharks of the depths

02:55:24are also larger than those of the surface.

02:55:26The shark of Greenland

02:55:28can measure up to 7.3 meters long,

02:55:30which is more than a large white shark.

02:55:32There is a phenomenon called

02:55:34abyssal gigantism.

02:55:36The creatures that live in the depths of the ocean,

02:55:38poor in nutrients,

02:55:40grow, because in this way

02:55:42they suffer less energy and heat loss.

02:55:44The shark of Greenland

02:55:46lives slowly.

02:55:48It has a slow metabolism

02:55:50and can spend very long periods without food.

02:55:52Thanks to this particular rhythm,

02:55:54it has evolved to live up to 500 years

02:55:56at depths of 2,200 meters.

02:55:58The sharks of shallow waters

02:56:00catch their prey

02:56:02by relying on their agility

02:56:04and their speed.

02:56:06But for them, it's easier,

02:56:08because there is a lot of food on the surface.

02:56:10The sharks of the depths,

02:56:12which have less food

02:56:14and a slower rhythm of life,

02:56:16had to develop a different style.

02:56:18They are more opportunistic,

02:56:20are not difficult,

02:56:22and do not care to know

02:56:24if their future meal is alive or not.

02:56:26They eat what there is, period.

02:56:28The lizard shark is another living fossil

02:56:30and one of the last of its kind,

02:56:32all its cousins having already disappeared.

02:56:34It can measure up to 2 meters long,

02:56:36feeds mainly on squid

02:56:38and catches other sharks and fish.

02:56:40It looks like a dinosaur

02:56:42with a snake-shaped face,

02:56:44a long, smooth and thin body

02:56:46that moves like a reptile.

02:56:48It can propel itself

02:56:50thanks to the power of its tail

02:56:52and roll like a snake.

02:56:54It does not swim in a straight line

02:56:56like other sharks.

02:56:58In English, it is called

02:57:00cookie cutter shark.

02:57:02It crawls in small pieces.

02:57:04It is a parasitic creature,

02:57:06which means that it feeds on larger animals

02:57:08but leaves them alive.

02:57:10It has pointed teeth

02:57:12and sometimes swallows those that fall on purpose.

02:57:14Some researchers think

02:57:16that this could be due to the fact

02:57:18that they live in the depths,

02:57:20which are poor in nutrients.

02:57:22If they swallow their teeth,

02:57:24they can recycle the calcium

02:57:26The Pacific shark is a rare and unique creature

02:57:28with numerous antennas in the shape of thorns

02:57:30and two small dorsal fins.

02:57:32It lives mainly in the depths

02:57:34of the Pacific region

02:57:36up to 580 meters.

02:57:38Phantom sharks are not even

02:57:40real sharks,

02:57:42but fish closely related

02:57:44to the latter.

02:57:46They have large pectoral fins

02:57:48and pelvic fins,

02:57:50two dorsal fins,

02:57:52very large eyes

02:57:54Phantom sharks have a thin tail,

02:57:56they are silver and blackish in color

02:57:58and can reach up to 2 meters.

02:58:00They sometimes live in rivers

02:58:02and coastal waters,

02:58:04but also in the depths of the ocean

02:58:06at 2,500 meters or more.

02:58:08They are not very good swimmers,

02:58:10so they tend to feed on invertebrates

02:58:12and small fish.

02:58:14While swimming in the depths of the sea,

02:58:16this shark with a flasky body

02:58:18suddenly sees a small innocent squid.

02:58:20He heads towards him,

02:58:22but his potential meal

02:58:24notices him and moves quickly to get away.

02:58:26At first, the plan seems to be

02:58:28able to work,

02:58:30but the shark suddenly takes

02:58:32his jaw out of his mouth

02:58:34and catches the poor little squid in a second.

02:58:36Once the meal is over,

02:58:38the animal simply puts his jaw

02:58:40back in his mouth and leaves

02:58:42as if nothing had happened.

02:58:44This is possible because his jaw

02:58:46is connected to 7.5 cm long skin flaps,

02:58:48which allows him to deploy it

02:58:50as a long muzzle.

02:58:52It can measure up to 3 meters long

02:58:54and weigh up to 210 kg.

02:58:56Scientists believe that these sharks

02:58:58are mainly active in the morning and evening.

02:59:00They have a pro-eminent long muzzle

02:59:02and specific sensory organs.

02:59:04They use them to detect electric fields

02:59:06in the dark depths of the oceans.

02:59:08The flanked shark

02:59:10is a kind of cow shark.

02:59:12It is brown with silver gray on top,

02:59:14white below, black and white spots,

02:59:16with a thick body,

02:59:18a small dorsal fin

02:59:20and a wide, pointed muzzle.

02:59:22It can measure up to 3 meters long

02:59:24and lives mainly at depths of 570 meters.

02:59:26But you can also find it

02:59:28in deep canals and bays.

02:59:30It can be aggressive towards humans

02:59:32if it is provoked,

02:59:34so hold on, really.

02:59:36Like most deep creatures,

02:59:38it is an opportunistic hunter

02:59:40who is not very difficult,

02:59:42but who likes to attack dolphins,

02:59:44seals, seahorses and other marine animals.

02:59:46Dolphins live mainly at depths

02:59:48of 4,600 meters

02:59:50and spend most of their time

02:59:52in the dark.

02:59:54Like me, scientists discovered it

02:59:56in 1976,

02:59:58because it approached the surface

03:00:00at night to feed on plankton waters.

03:00:02This is the only time

03:00:04when these sharks go to the surface.

03:00:06During the day,

03:00:08they return to their quiet,

03:00:10dark and mysterious depths.

03:00:12They are filterers,

03:00:14and the light-producing dolphins

03:00:16are inside their mouths,

03:00:18which attracts potential prey

03:00:20such as pelagic crustaceans.

03:00:22These sharks live in the deep parts

03:00:24of the ocean,

03:00:26but it is rare to find them

03:00:28at less than 3 kilometers deep.

03:00:30Scientists think that other stronger

03:00:32and water-rich fish have supplanted them.

03:00:34The deep parts of the oceans

03:00:36were oxygenated about 70 million years ago,

03:00:38and sharks have been there

03:00:40for much longer.

03:00:42In addition,

03:00:44ocean depths are much colder,

03:00:46which is a challenge

03:00:48for fish and other cold-blooded animals,

03:00:50because the speed of their metabolism

03:00:52largely depends on the outside temperature.

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