John Calvin and the Rise of Calvinism | History Explained | Monotheist
Explore John Calvin and the rise of Calvinism in 'History Explained' by Monotheist. Discover the origins, key beliefs, and impact of this influential religious movement.
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Transcript
00:00Hi everyone
00:02Welcome to our new video
00:04Today, we're diving deep into John Calvin's life
00:08We'll also explore the rise of Calvinism
00:12Now, let's get started
00:20The Protestant Reformation happened in the 16th century and caused major changes in Western Christianity
00:27It challenged long-standing beliefs and practices that had been in place for centuries
00:34One key figure of this period was John Calvin
00:38He was a theologian and reformer
00:41His ideas greatly influenced religious thought
00:45They also impacted social and political structures in Europe and beyond
00:50John Calvin was born in 1509 in Noyon, France
00:58He grew up in a devout Catholic family
01:01His father worked as an ecclesiastical notary
01:06This job helped Calvin get a position in the church at a young age
01:10It seemed he was set for a clerical career
01:14However, Calvin's thirst for knowledge and the shifting religious scene in Europe changed his path
01:22Calvin went to the University of Paris and got a humanist education
01:27There, he learned about Renaissance ideals and critical thinking
01:32He started by studying law because his father wanted him to
01:37During this time Calvin came across reformist ideas
01:42These ideas started to shape his religious views
01:46It's unclear when exactly Calvin became a Protestant
01:50Though by the early 1530s, he had adopted Reformation principles
01:58Calvin's theological legacy centers on his most important work, Institutes of the Christian Religion
02:05This book was first published in 1536
02:09It was reviewed many times during his life
02:13It presents Calvin's systematic theology in detail
02:18Over time it became a foundational text for reformed Protestantism
02:24In the Institutes, Calvin explained key theological ideas
02:28These concepts later defined Calvinism
02:32Number one
02:34This belief is that sin has corrupted every part of human nature
02:38This means individuals cannot choose goods on their own
02:42They are also unable to achieve salvation through their own efforts
02:48Number two
02:49It holds that God chooses people for redemption purely based on his own decisions
02:54Not because of anything they have done or expected to believe
03:00Number three
03:01This concept is that Christ's sacrificial death was intended to save only the elect rather than all of humanity
03:09Number four
03:11This concept holds that God's grace is so powerful that those chosen for salvation cannot ultimately resist it
03:19Number five
03:21This belief is that those truly saved by God's grace will persist in faith until the end
03:27These five points later known as Tulip are central to Calvinist beliefs
03:33They set Calvinism apart from other Protestant teachings
03:39Calvinism began in Geneva and quickly spread across Europe
03:45It became popular in France, the Netherlands, Scotland and parts of Germany
03:51People liked its focus on personal Bible study, strict moral rules and a strong work ethic, especially among the middle class
04:00In France, Calvinists called Huguenots endured harsh oppression, but their impact was profound
04:06The Dutch Reformed Church thrived in the Netherlands and played a vital role in the Dutch Revolt against Spain
04:15In Scotland, John Knox, influenced by Calvin, led the Scottish Reformation and founded the Presbyterian Church
04:23Calvinism greatly affected the English Reformation
04:27It influenced Puritan movements in the Church of England
04:31These Puritan beliefs later shaped early American religious and political ideas
04:37They also played a crucial role in the colonization of North America
04:45Calvinism and other Protestant movements share roots in the Protestant Reformation
04:51However, Calvinism took a different path in several important ways
04:56Unlike Lutheranism, which kept some Catholic customs, Calvinism pushed for a more radical departure from Catholic practices
05:09Calvinism teaches predestination, where God determines who will be saved, contrasting with Arminianism
05:17Arminians emphasize human free will in choosing salvation, differing from Calvinism
05:24Calvin believed civil authorities should maintain religious orthodoxy, unlike Anabaptists, who wanted church and state separate
05:33Calvinist churches often used a Presbyterian system of church leadership
05:39This was different from the way Anglicans and Lutherans organized their churches, which was more hierarchical
05:46To conclude, the impact of Calvin and Calvinism is multifaceted and occasionally debated
05:53Some see Calvin's teachings as a revival of biblical Christianity
05:59However, others question certain aspects of Calvinist beliefs, like predestination, for being strict or predetermined
06:08Despite theological differences, Calvin's ideas hold significant historical importance