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Category

😹
Fun
Transcript
00:00Do you know how many stars are there and where the rivers go?
00:20Say why the rain is falling, where is the end of this world?
00:27What was here a thousand years ago?
00:30Why can wheels drive?
00:33Are clouds faster than the wind?
00:37So many questions a child has.
00:40Oh, child, come on, let the question in.
00:43For something like that you are still too small.
00:47You are still far, not so far.
00:50There is still time.
00:54What is time?
00:57What is time?
01:01What is time?
01:04What is time?
01:08A moment.
01:11An hour.
01:14A thousand years are a year.
01:25If you can believe the old Greeks,
01:30then Zeus turned from love for Europe into a bull and took it to Crete.
01:36This island in the Aegean Sea, with a length of 260 km and a width of 60 km,
01:44is the earliest center of Greek culture.
01:47My cultural contribution for today.
01:50Oops.
01:53Follow me.
01:57Come on, Peter.
02:01Is it good?
02:06Ouch!
02:10Oh, oh, oh.
02:12Watch out.
02:15Hi.
02:19In Crete, there was considerable prosperity at that time.
02:23The cities are built with multi-storey houses
02:26and the streets are partially canalized.
02:29It's really beautiful.
02:31The ladies are usually not tied up like that.
02:33You wear lace ties and on top without.
02:37By the way, the streets are tarred.
02:40And it will take 3000 years until the same tar from Mr. Macadam is reinvented.
02:46Just be careful.
02:47I can tell you a story that happened to my great-great-great-grandfather in Mohenjo-Daro.
02:52Ah!
02:53So, fingers away.
02:54I mean, feet out of the tar.
02:56We can play with the rope.
03:00Try it.
03:03Ah!
03:09Well, it's not that bad.
03:11And if you don't want to hear, then the punishment follows on the foot.
03:14Thank you, master.
03:15No problem.
03:17Do we want to go to the pottery?
03:19Yes, please.
03:26Hello.
03:28May we have a look at your treasures?
03:30With pleasure.
03:31Look around.
03:32You too.
03:33Mm-hmm.
03:39Oh!
03:42Psst!
03:44Very nice.
03:45So, I have to say, the goldsmith's work in Crete is getting better and better.
03:49Oh, these pots are also masterpieces.
03:58One question.
03:59Yes?
04:01Hmm.
04:03Tell me, why don't you work with both hands?
04:05That would be more practical.
04:07Well, maybe.
04:08But how am I supposed to operate my pottery?
04:10Well, with your foot.
04:11Just like that.
04:14Come on, show him.
04:19Hmm.
04:20Well, these are just little things.
04:22You just have to get used to it.
04:23Otherwise, we will never reach mass production.
04:27I ask you to follow me to the palace of Knossos now.
04:30I hope the guard will let us pass.
04:33Well, that's a completely exhausted boy.
04:35The central courtyard is surrounded by two to five-story wings.
04:39It is 55 meters long.
04:42Fabulous!
04:44The palace has its own temple and a private meeting room with water faucet.
04:50Louis XIV will have to give up such comfort 3,000 years later.
04:55The palace of Knossos also has its own theater.
04:58So much luxury and pleasure is almost too beautiful to be true.
05:02And certainly far too beautiful to last long.
05:06Long live Greece!
05:16The Archaeans of Mycenae besieged Crete,
05:19because the Cretans had tried to make it a place of tribute
05:23through trading towns that they built on the mainland.
05:26Crete fell under Mycenaean rule and became a province.
05:31About 2,500 years ago, Pericles said,
05:34A democratic state must do everything to serve as many as possible.
05:38It must ensure that everyone is equal before the law
05:41and must preserve the individual from the will of the state.
05:45Very good!
05:49Salve!
05:51Under Pericles, all citizens have the same rights.
05:55As a state ideology, the recognition of the dominion of the gods is valid,
05:59which, as we know, lived on Olympus among the ancient Greeks.
06:03By the way, slaves and strangers do not count as citizens,
06:06although they have the strongest share in economic development.
06:12Welcome to the theater, my friends.
06:14Today you will see my latest play, Antigone.
06:16And I think it will be heavenly.
06:19Well, I want to see what the stars say right away.
06:28Hmm, assuming that the big car won't run into me.
06:33That there... yes, yes, yes, that works.
06:36Let's just do it that way.
06:38Hmm, what do I need there?
06:41That will come later.
06:43Yes, that.
06:45That's good.
06:50One, two, three, four, five, six.
06:52Hey, you! Hello! That won't work here, will it?
06:54Oh yes, you're right. It's still so early.
06:57No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no.
06:59When are the Roman numbers coming? Think about it a little.
07:02Oh yes, you're right. We have Greek alphabet, right?
07:05You see, that's good. Bravo! Go on!
07:08Oh, that's good, that's good.
07:09One will be allowed to be wrong once.
07:12So, this amphitheater, I wanted to tell you.
07:15They have a wonderful acoustics.
07:17And although a few hundred spectators have a place,
07:20you can understand well at every place.
07:22You can hear the words of the actor through the low stage,
07:25almost like through a funnel.
07:27I have reserved a place for you.
07:37Oh, sister, my own blood is mead.
07:40Tell a curse of Oedipus that Zeus has not already fulfilled in our lives.
07:44The sun shines so brilliantly and always in advance.
07:47With seven tones a morning.
07:50To accompany the unsettled, the artistic lecture with profanity
07:53is part of the good tone.
07:55The child of the father's spiteful nature,
07:57she does not know how to bow to the misfortune.
08:00One does not honor the noble and the bad,
08:02even if he dies, I love the enemy.
08:04With love, not with hatred, is my father.
08:07Sophocles uses the tragic irony as a means of art.
08:11The hero speaks words that, in the opposite sense,
08:15feel terrible.
08:21The beginning of all victories is called contemplation.
08:25What the gods are, no one can deny.
08:27Overthrowing boasts with great fall, great word.
08:30The altar to contemplation.
08:33Sophocles is not only a Greek tragic,
08:36but he also has political offices inside.
08:39For example, he is the treasurer of the Seabund.
08:42In addition, he is the son of the largest weapon manufacturer.
08:46His Antigone will be played in 2000 years.
08:51To question the oracle
08:53is important for great decisions
08:56and associated with financial sacrifices.
08:59In Zeus' oracle in Olympia,
09:01whole seahorses are active,
09:03who proclaim the proclamation of fate.
09:06Often ambiguous and enigmatic.
09:08I know a girl there
09:10and would like to ask the oracle
09:12if the gods agreed that I take her as my wife.
09:15Follow me, we will question Pythia.
09:18Pythia can not be asked for a long time.
09:20The question of honor has been clarified,
09:22she steps to the action.
09:43Yes, yes, yes!
09:48All right, the gods are inclined to you.
09:51Aphrodite, the goddess of love,
09:53Hera, goddess of Zeus,
09:55and also her daughter Athena.
10:19Go to your room,
10:20these are not conversations for a young girl.
10:22Now the visitors are welcome under my roof.
10:25Now?
10:27Honor be Zeus.
10:28I met your daughter in the theater
10:30and have the desire to marry her.
10:32Have you already questioned the oracle?
10:34Yes.
10:36Sorry, I'm a little heavy.
10:45What did it say?
10:47The oracle has agreed.
10:49Then it's good, we seal the contract.
10:54Here, my son.
11:07Report to your lord and drive me out of here, you bastard!
11:12So short and good,
11:14I wish your daughter to be a woman.
11:17I'm sorry,
11:19you're too late.
11:35A unique pair at the door,
11:37a joyful event.
11:39So we vote now.
11:40Write your decision on the board,
11:42I will count the votes.
11:51The proposal is accepted by the majority.
11:57An offer for this first-class athlete,
11:59strong and healthy.
12:01I would give this poor orphan.
12:04Oh yes, I buy, I buy, I buy.
12:07Slaves are, like any other commodity,
12:09bought and sold at will.
12:12Slaves are there for everything.
12:14For every job, for every task.
12:16The educated among them are used
12:18to raise children.
12:20Most of the 40,000 Greeks
12:22who live in and around Athens
12:24are slaves.
12:26And many have many.
12:28Some more than ten.
12:30Yes, I have none.
12:38But you don't fall into the house
12:40with the door like that.
12:47Yes, wouldn't that be a nice gift
12:49for your wife?
12:52The peace treaty between Athens
12:54and Persia is signed.
12:56The Acropolis is rebuilt.
12:58The main temple is the Pantheon.
13:01Wait, I see it differently.
13:03The shape,
13:05very classical.
13:08With high columns.
13:10Something like that.
13:12One moment, I have another surprise for you.
13:16Don't worry, it will succeed.
13:18You can trust me.
13:20The Pantheon will be 67 meters long,
13:2223 and a half meters wide,
13:25with a 160 meter long frieze.
13:28With depictions from Greek mythology.
13:32Now there is also peace with Sparta.
13:35However, the right friendship
13:37didn't want to be established
13:39between Athens and Sparta.
13:41Although I have to say,
13:43what they say about the rough Spartans
13:45is to be enjoyed with caution.
13:47Because they weren't that bad either.
14:02The Spartans were definitely not barbarians.
14:05Even if that seems to be the case here.
14:08They sacrificed the same gods as the Athenians,
14:11built a temple for Athens,
14:13had their own theater.
14:15But the society in Sparta
14:17was a pure male society.
14:20I will get married soon.
14:22Such Spartan wedding nights
14:24are rumored.
14:26But it is proven
14:28not.
14:30The founding of Sparta
14:32is already in the year 2000.
14:34And a good thousand years later,
14:36the Spartans had subdued Laconia.
14:38The Spartan constitution
14:40intends to remove
14:42weak and crippled children
14:44from the families.
14:46It is said in various ways
14:48that the children
14:50were killed in the process.
14:52But this cannot be proven.
14:59No, this child
15:01is not to be used at all.
15:10The education of the Spartan children
15:12takes over from the 7th year of life
15:14to the start.
15:16He makes them especially good warriors.
15:18The training takes 13 years
15:20and then the young Spartans
15:22join the army.
15:24The methods of education
15:26are very simple.
15:28And that with the dome,
15:30that was perhaps not such a good idea.
15:32Hopefully the next roof
15:34will not fall again.
15:42The Acropolis
15:44is the castle mountain of Athens.
15:46It is at the same time a temple town
15:48and strongly fortified refuge
15:50for the citizens.
15:52I'm almost done with that.
15:54The city of Athens
15:56is built according to the plans of Phidias.
15:58Yes, that's nice.
16:00Hoppa!
16:22Don't make such a noise!
16:26In the meantime,
16:28the Spartan children's training program
16:30continues.
16:32With this, they also have to
16:34give up food and drink.
16:40Once a year,
16:42the young people have to go
16:44to the helots.
16:46But that was not so serious.
16:48Because the helots were urgently
16:50needed as suppliers and taxpayers.
16:52There should be more intimidation
16:54to suppress the rebellions
16:56of the Spartans.
16:58What are you cutting for,
17:00stupid cremations?
17:02A Spartan does not know pain.
17:04At least he does not show it.
17:06The education of the Athenians
17:08tells me more.
17:10They devote themselves more
17:12to the musical arts
17:14and the beautiful sciences.
17:16This is the end of my speech.
17:24Peter!
17:28Come with me.
17:30We're going to the Acropolis.
17:46Hello.
17:48How nice to meet you.
17:50Come here.
17:52I'll show you my work.
17:54My Athenian is ready.
17:56Ten meters high.
17:58Look at the Frisian Pantheon.
18:00I think it's colossal.
18:02Socrates is coming.
18:04Hello.
18:06My son, do you already know a lot?
18:08No.
18:10That's good.
18:12If you know that you know nothing,
18:14you already know a lot.
18:16Socrates, come here.
18:18I have some good ideas.
18:24Hello.
18:26Are you coming with us?
18:28No, not today.
18:30I have something to do.
18:32Knock, knock, knock.
18:40This lady
18:42at the lyre is not like that.
18:44But also not an ordinary
18:46fool.
18:48She is an educated half-world lady,
18:50a hetaer.
18:52Pericles had a hetaer as a second wife
18:54and also the beloved Alexander the Great
18:56was born in this trade.
19:02The wife can't do anything
19:04against such pleasures.
19:06The law doesn't see effective
19:08protests against it.
19:10And the wife is tied to the household
19:12by right and righteousness.
19:16And with that,
19:18we are about to talk about the
19:20scourge.
19:22The democratic Athens has the size
19:24of the duchy of Luxembourg.
19:26And you can say that a whole number
19:28of outstanding heads are gathered here.
19:30Herodotus, the father of medicine,
19:32Herodotus and Thucydides,
19:34the first historians,
19:36who make sure that people's data
19:38are not deleted prematurely.
19:40Euripides,
19:42whom we owe to Medea,
19:44and 75 well-known dramas.
19:46Sophocles, Antigone
19:48and many others.
19:52Protagoras, who taught us
19:54that man is the measure of all things.
19:56Anaxagoras,
19:58preach the rule of reason.
20:00And Socrates said,
20:02recognize yourself.
20:04Phidias, I...
20:06Yes, yes,
20:08certainly one of the greats.
20:10But you shouldn't praise the day
20:12before the evening.
20:18It will surely take a long time
20:20before such an illustrious society
20:22can be found again.
20:28Let us see
20:30whose mind
20:32humanity will be
20:34when the glory of Athens
20:36is once again
20:38admired only by tourists.
20:58Eresai Zeus,
21:00as every four years,
21:02since 776 B.C.
21:04The Olympic Games
21:06take place in Olympia,
21:08a place of worship for Zeus
21:10and his wife Hera.
21:12In their history they serve
21:14more the worship of the gods
21:16and not so much
21:18the sporting eagerness.
21:20At the first Olympics
21:22only one competition took place,
21:24a race over the stadium
21:26of 190 meters.
21:28There is again a woman
21:30in the audience.
21:32An anachronism.
21:34Women were not allowed
21:36to the Games,
21:38not even as spectators.
21:40Unfortunately, the time of peaceful
21:42meetings of the peoples
21:44is coming to an end again.
21:46And new gloomy events
21:48cast their shadows.
21:50Athens leads war with Corinth
21:52and then there is war with Sparta again.
21:54Zeus.
21:56Promise me that you are very careful.
22:00No worries.
22:02Live well.
22:10Both sides prepare for a short war,
22:12but it lasts ten years.
22:24Athens.
22:40Athens is sought by the plague
22:42and Pericles dies.
22:54Athens.
23:02The Court of Appeal decides
23:04on the banishment of Greek citizens.
23:06In the time of punishment
23:08between five and ten years
23:10the banished citizens' rights
23:12and wealth are not lost.
23:14The Court of Appeal has decided
23:16on the banishment.
23:18Aristides the just,
23:20Miltiades, winner of the marathon,
23:22Themistocles, winner of Salamis,
23:24banished.
23:26Simon, admiral in Delos,
23:28banished.
23:30Alcibiades, called perverse,
23:32round, suicidal, general
23:34and historian, banished.
23:36Also Anaxagoras,
23:38because he says that the sun is a white glowing mass.
23:40Protagoras,
23:42because he despises the gods,
23:44to hell with him.
23:46Also the playwright Eurypides is banished.
23:48And Phidias,
23:50because he gives up his life.
23:52And they do nothing.
23:54After Socrates,
23:56his student Plato will come.
23:58After Plato, Aristoteles.
24:00And then Philip of Macedonia.
24:02One of his sons goes to
24:04school with Aristoteles.
24:06His name is Alexander.
24:08Aristoteles is the universally
24:10educated man of his time.
24:12And Alexander is certainly
24:14the greatest conqueror of his time.
24:16What a strange connection.
24:20More if you see me again.
24:22You have to watch
24:24how it goes on.
24:50Thank you for watching.
24:52See you soon.

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