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00:00Hi kids! Today we will learn what are equivalent fractions and how to write the fractions in
00:08their simplest form. So let's start. Here are three fractions. This is 1 by 2 pizza.
00:21This is 2 by 4 pizza. This is 4 by 8 pizza. What you see here, these are all the same
00:32parts of a whole pizza, or they are all equal. That is, 1 by 2 equals 2 by 4 equals 4 by
00:448, as they are all representing the same portion of this pizza. So they are equivalent fractions.
00:57Let's see more examples of equivalent fractions. The shaded portion in two figures is representing
01:05the same portion of this figure, but here it is 2 by 3, and here it is written 4 by
01:156. So 2 by 3 and 4 by 6 are equivalent fractions, as both are representing the same part of
01:25the rectangle. Now let's take another example. From this picture you can see 1 by 4 equals
01:352 by 8 equals 4 by 16, as these two are representing the same portion of a rectangle. So kids,
01:47now you know what are equivalent fractions. Now let's learn how you can make equivalent
01:53fractions. Let's make equivalent fractions of 1 by 2. You have to multiply both the numerator
02:04and denominator with the same number. It can be 2, 3, 4, or just any number. Here we
02:14multiply both the numerator and denominator of 1 by 2 with 2, and we will get 2 by 4,
02:25which is the equivalent fraction of 1 by 2. Again, we will multiply both the numerator
02:33and denominator of 2 by 4 with 2, and we will get 4 by 8, which is an equivalent fraction
02:44of 2 by 4. You can see in the image 1 by 2, 2 by 4, 4 by 8 are all representing same portion
02:55of the whole. So they are equivalent fractions. Now let's take another example. Let's make
03:05equivalent fractions of 1 by 3. We know we have to multiply both the numerator and denominator
03:14with the same number to get the equivalent fractions. So here we multiply with 3, multiplying
03:24both the numerator and denominator with 3, we will get 3 by 9. So 3 by 9 is an equivalent
03:34fraction of 1 by 3. Now let's multiply with 4. Multiplying with 4, we will get 4 by 12. So 4
03:46by 12 is also an equivalent fraction of 1 by 3. Kids, here is a picture to prove it. 1 by 3 equals
03:593 by 9 equals 4 by 12, are all representing the same portion of the figure. So kids, now you know
04:10how to make equivalent fractions. Kids, now we will learn how we can check whether two fractions
04:18are equivalent or not. Here are two fractions. Can you tell these fractions are equivalent
04:27fractions or not? Here is the method. For this, we have to write the fractions in their simplest
04:35form. Now let's see what is its simplest form. You have to divide both the numerator and denominator
04:44with the same number. It can be any number, 2, 3, or 4, whichever is a divisor of both numerator
04:54and denominator. First, take the fraction with smaller numbers, 1 by 2. We cannot divide the
05:04numerator and denominator with any number, so it's already in its simplest form. Now let's take
05:15the other fraction. It is 2 by 4. Here we can divide both the numerator and denominator by 2.
05:252 by 2 equals 1, so cut 2 and make it 1. 4 by 2 equals 2, so cut 4 and make it 2. So fraction left
05:40is 1 by 2, which is equal to the other fraction, which is also 1 by 2. So this proves that both
05:50the fractions are equivalent fractions. Now let's take another example. Here are two fractions, 1 by
06:013 and 9 by 27. Can you tell these fractions are equivalent fractions or not? We will be using the
06:11same method, that is, we will reduce the fractions to their simplest form to know whether they are
06:18equivalent or not. We have to write the fractions in their simplest form. First, take the fraction
06:27with smaller numbers. It is 1 by 3. We cannot divide the numerator and denominator with any
06:37common number, so it's already in its simplest form. Let's take the other fraction. It is 9 by
06:4727. Here we will divide both the numerator and denominator by 3. 9 divided by 3 equals 3, so cut
06:599 and make it 3. 27 divided by 3 equals 9, so cut 27 and write 9. So the fraction left is 3 by 9.
07:143 by 9 can still be divided by a common number, 3. 3 by 3 equals 1, so cut 3 and write 1. 9 by 3
07:27equals 3, so cut 9 and write 3. Remember, we can divide only with a number that can divide both
07:37the numerator and denominator. Now the fraction left is 1 by 3, so 1 by 3 is the simplest form
07:47of 9 by 27. So we get 1 by 3 and 9 by 27 are equivalent fractions, as if we reduce them to
08:00their simplest form, they give same fraction. Now let's take another fraction. Let's check
08:09whether these two fractions are equivalent or not. Again, we have to reduce both of them to
08:17their simplest form to check whether these are equivalent fractions or not. First, take the
08:24fraction with smaller number, it's 4 by 8. We can divide both the numerator and denominator with 2.
08:334 divided by 2 equals 2, so cut 4 and write 2. 8 divided by 2 equals 4, so cut 8 and write 4.
08:48And the fraction left is 2 by 4. We can again divide numerator and denominator with 2. 2 divided
09:01by 2, we get 1. 4 divided by 2, we get 2. So the simplest form of 4 by 8 is 1 by 2. Now reduce the
09:15other fraction to its simplest form. Let's reduce 16 by 32. We will be dividing both the numerator
09:25and denominator with 2. 16 divided by 2, we get 8. 32 divided by 2, we get 16. So cut 32 and make
09:40it 16. Now, again divide numerator and denominator with 2. 8 divided by 2 equals 4. 16 divided by 2
09:56equals 8. So our fraction is now 4 by 8. We can again divide both the numerator and denominator
10:06by 2. 4 divided by 2 equals 2. 8 divided by 2 equals 4. So our fraction is now 2 by 4. We can
10:22still divide by 2. 2 divided by 2 equals 1. 4 divided by 2 equals 2. So our fraction is now 1
10:34by 2. So the simplest form of 16 by 32 is also 1 by 2. So the simplest form of both the fractions
10:47is 1 by 2. So we can say 4 by 8 and 16 by 32 are equivalent fractions. Let's take one more example.
11:01Here are two fractions. 2 by 10 and 20 by 100. Let's reduce these fractions to their simplest
11:12form to check whether these are equivalent fractions or not. 2 by 10. Here we can divide
11:21both numerator and denominator by 2. Dividing 2 with 2, we get 1. Dividing 10 with 2, we get 5.
11:32So the fraction left is 1 by 5. So 1 by 5 is its simplest form as we cannot divide numerator
11:42and denominator with any common number. Now let's take the other fraction. It is 20 by 100. We can
11:54both divide the numerator and denominator with 10. 20 by 10 equals 2. 100 by 10 equals 10. So
12:07the fraction left is 2 by 10. Again, divide 2 and 10 by 2. Dividing 2 with 2, we get 1. Dividing
12:1910 with 2, we get 5. So the fraction left is 1 by 5, which is its simplest form as we cannot
12:29divide it further with any common number. So both the numbers are reduced to their simplest form,
12:36which is 1 by 5. So we can say these are equivalent fractions. So kids, what we learned today? We
12:48learned what are equivalent fractions, how to make equivalent fractions, and also how to check
12:55whether the given fractions are equivalent or not. Now you may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more.