Sultan Ruknuddin Baibars Ep3 - Mongols Vs Muslims - Mamluk Baibars vs Mongol Ilkhanate
Sultan Ruknuddin Baibars Ep3 - Mongols Vs Muslims - Mamluk Baibars vs Mongol Ilkhanate
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00:00The people of Egypt had declared war on the Mongols by killing their ambassadors.
00:06Now there was only one way for the people of Egypt to fight and win or sacrifice their lives.
00:13In these circumstances, the Sultan of Egypt, Al-Mulk-ul-Muzaffar,
00:18had given all the power to his advisor, Amir Baybaras, to fight the Mongols.
00:22Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras, a historian, writes,
00:26He was a wonderful man, a strong army, and a fearless commander.
00:31Hearing the stories of the power and strength of the Mongols, he often used to say,
00:36Let the time come, we will show these arrogant, ferocious Mongols that they are not the only ones who know how to fight.
00:42There are some people in the world who can twist their claws.
00:46After killing the Mongol ambassadors, the Sultan of Egypt, Malik-ul-Muzaffar,
00:50promised Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras that if he succeeded in defeating the Mongols,
00:55he would be appointed as the commander-in-chief of the army and also the ruler of Egypt.
01:00In any case, Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras had started preparations for the war to fight the Mongols.
01:06He kept preparing day and night.
01:09He made it compulsory for every healthy and mature man in Cairo to serve in the military
01:14and issued an order that anyone who refused to join the army without reason would be whipped.
01:22In addition to the people of Cairo, Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras had also started recruiting those
01:27powerful Turkmens, Arabs, Bedouins and other tribes in his army,
01:31who had previously suffered losses from the Mongols,
01:34and these people were very brave and high-ranking warriors,
01:37whose bravery could be trusted in any situation.
01:41Within a few days, a strong army was formed near Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras.
01:45In this army, the majority were those who had been harassed by the Mongols,
01:50or had been enslaved, or who had reached Egypt while selling themselves,
01:54and now had acquired an excellent skill in the art of warfare and fighting to take revenge on the Mongols.
02:00In fact, these were the same people who lived around the Mongols,
02:04who were familiar with their warfare methods,
02:07and had the courage and courage to look into the eyes of the Mongols and talk to them.
02:12When Amir Rukn-ud-din Baybaras was busy with his war preparations in Cairo,
02:17he was informed that his brother Mangu Khan,
02:22who at that time was the Khan-e-Azam of the Mongols, had passed away.
02:26Therefore, in order to nominate his successor,
02:29all the Mongol chiefs and leaders were asked to go to the Abai Dasht.
02:33When this message reached Halaku Khan, he decided to go to his Abai Dasht.
02:38At this point, his commander Qutbogha and his wife Daquza Khatun insisted
02:44that our struggle against the Muslims should continue.
02:47As for the question of Khan-e-Azam Mangu Khan, he is now dead.
02:51Daquza Khatun, who was Halaku Khan's wife, was basically a Christian
02:55and wanted the destruction and destruction of the Muslims.
02:58Therefore, she did not want Halaku Khan to go back.
03:01She was determined that Halaku should attack Egypt.
03:06At this point, he reminded Halaku that when his brother Mangu Khan
03:10had sent him to attack the Muslim territories,
03:14he had ordered to finish Egypt at any cost.
03:18But Halaku Khan did not listen to his commander Qutbogha and his wife.
03:23He decided to return.
03:25He wanted to take a part of his army with him.
03:28He also presented the reason that it was necessary for him to return
03:32because he would find grass for the horses on the way.
03:36And if he delayed his return, the winter season would begin,
03:40the grass would be over, and he would have to face difficulties on the way.
03:45In any case, Halaku decided to return.
03:48And on his return, he told his commander Qutbogha,
03:51After me, it is your responsibility to guard this area.
03:54You will stay here until I return.
03:57Do not advance anywhere.
03:58There is a very large army of Mongols under you.
04:01In addition, the Christians of Armenia and Georgia are also with you in thousands.
04:06Therefore, protect the territories conquered together with all of them.
04:10Qutbogha bowed his head in front of Halaku Khan's order
04:13and put his hand on his chest and said that he would fulfill the duty entrusted to him with all his heart and soul.
04:18After this, Halaku Khan took a part of his army and left for his homeland,
04:22the desert of Gobi.
04:25Now, Syria and Iraq were completely under his control.
04:30Qutbogha was a very trustworthy general of Halaku
04:33and he took a special part in conquering the Muslim territories.
04:37He was a man of heart and soul,
04:40and his tales of barbarism were famous throughout the Islamic world.
04:44After Halaku Khan's departure,
04:46Qutbogha took his army to the place of Ain Jalut,
04:50and this place was near the famous city of Nasirah in Palestine.
04:54This place was very suitable for him
04:57because he could establish his control over Syria and Iraq
05:02and he could move towards Egypt whenever he wanted.
05:06In Egypt, Ameer Rukn-ud-din Baybaras was also informed that
05:09Halaku Khan had gone back to his homeland.
05:12Therefore, he made such a big decision that was not in anyone's imagination at that time.
05:18The Egyptians were thinking that they would defend their territories in front of the Mongols,
05:23but on this occasion, Ameer Rukn-ud-din Baybaras announced
05:26that his army would move forward and fight against Halaku Khan's army.
05:31At that time, the month of Ramadan had begun.
05:34Baybaras announced that his army would have the best chance to fight against the Mongols
05:39in this holy month of Ramadan.
05:43Therefore, people happily accepted this decision of Rukn-ud-din Baybaras.
05:48Therefore, Rukn-ud-din took his army and entered Palestine very quickly.
05:53In those days, the Christian world was supporting the Mongols against the Muslims
05:58and there were many castles of Christians on the banks of the Rome River.
06:02Therefore, Rukn-ud-din determined some parts of his army near those castles
06:07so that the armed Crusaders in those castles could not leave their castles
06:11and help the Mongols against the Muslims.
06:14Rukn-ud-din Baybaras, on 15 Ramadan Hijri 658 and 25 August 1260,
06:20came face to face with the Mongols at Ain-e-Jalut.
06:23It is said that at Ain-e-Jalut, there was a fierce battle between the Muslims and the Mongols.
06:29Because of this battle, there was so much noise that the sky and the earth trembled.
06:33Ameer Rukn-ud-din Baybaras demonstrated his amazing military skills in this battle
06:38and before fighting the Mongols, he put some of the most well-trained armies of the army in a ditch.
06:45First, he advanced his light-armed forces and spread them well.
06:49The Mongols attacked the Egyptian riders with all their strength and force.
06:54The Mongols pushed them back and they advanced blindly.
06:57All this was happening according to Baybaras' suggestion.
07:00He had already told his riders not to fight the Mongols,
07:05but to move back slowly.
07:08Therefore, they acted accordingly.
07:11When the Mongols attacked them, they began to move back slowly
07:16until the Mongols came to the place where Rukn-ud-din Baybaras had placed a part of his army in the ditch.
07:22And that part was restless and anxious to attack the Mongols.
07:27One by one, the army sitting in the ditch came out, raising their arrows and fell on the Mongols.
07:33Before the Mongols could take care of themselves,
07:36the Egyptian army, which was retreating, also fell on the Mongols, demonstrating unparalleled courage.
07:43Halaqu Khan's general Qutbogha tried his best to take care of his army,
07:48but all his plans failed.
07:51The Muslims' swift and swift attacks destroyed the Mongols' army.
07:56The Mongols' army, which consisted of the Christian armies of Georgia and Armenia,
08:00suffered the worst defeat.
08:02The Muslim attackers had completely destroyed them.
08:07In a short while, Sultan Rukn-ud-din Baybaras massacred the Mongols with his army
08:13to such an extent that he broke their back so much that they were about to collapse
08:17and he hit them in such a way that in the last 40 years they had not been able to recover.
08:22The Mongols' commander-in-chief Qutbogha was arrested by Sultan Rukn-ud-din Baybaras in this war.
08:28This monstrous character, the Mongol commander-in-chief,
08:31had broken the Muslims mercilessly and was not worthy of any mercy.
08:35When he was presented before Rukn-ud-din, he addressed Rukn-ud-din and said,
08:39What happened when the Muslims won the battle?
08:42Have the Mongols' horses stopped giving birth?
08:45Have their women become barren?
08:47After my death, the Mongols will definitely take revenge for this defeat
08:51and will crush you and your country with their horses.
08:54Rukn-ud-din Baybaras smiled at these words of the Mongol commander-in-chief.
08:59He beheaded him and his beheaded head was sent to Cairo for display.
09:04With this, the great Mongol commanders-in-chief who had been arrested in the war,
09:08were sent to Cairo in their wigs,
09:11where they were surrounded in the streets.
09:14In this way, the Mongols, about whom it was known that no one could defeat them,
09:19Sultan Rukn-ud-din Baybaras defeated them and brought them to their humiliating end.
09:25The number of battles of Ain-e-Jalut is decided in those battles.
09:29If the Muslims were defeated in this battle,
09:32then there would be no place for them in the world
09:35and their civilization, culture, civilization and history would be completely destroyed.
09:40Therefore, this victory was expressed in the entire Islamic world
09:44and prayers of thanksgiving were offered.
09:47The news of the defeat of his commander-in-chief reached Halaku Khan
09:51when he was going to his homeland of Sehra-e-Gobi,
09:54and he had predicted that he would turn from Sehra-e-Gobi and attack Egypt
10:00On the other hand, Ameer Rukn-ud-din Baybaras had defeated the Mongols in Ain-e-Jalut
10:06and broke their back, but his work was still incomplete.
10:11Because despite defeating the Mongols in Ain-e-Jalut,
10:15he was seeing that the Mongols were roaming in the cities of Halab, Hamat, Damascus and many other Muslim cities.
10:22Now Rukn-ud-din Baybaras came into action with his army.
10:26In a stormy battle, he attacked the Mongols in different cities of Syria.
10:31He broke their back and repeatedly defeated them and forced them to flee.
10:37In his stormy campaign, Baybaras also killed all those treacherous Muslims
10:42who had cooperated with Halaku Khan to attack the Muslims
10:47and his supporters were proven to be his successors.
10:50In this way, within a few days,
10:52Rukn-ud-din Baybaras cleared the Mongols from all the cities of Syria.
10:56He also knew that soon Halaku would turn and take revenge on the Muslims.
11:01Therefore, he also wanted to increase the number of his army.
11:04He wanted to strengthen and strengthen the army.
11:07Therefore, he left some of his commanders and soldiers in the land of Syria
11:12and went back to Cairo himself.
11:14In those days, an unfortunate incident took place in Cairo.
11:17When Rukn-ud-din Baybaras killed the Mongols from Syria and Palestine
11:22and expelled them,
11:24the Sultan of Egypt, Malik Muzaffar appointed a person,
11:27the son of Badr-ud-din Lulu, Alauddin as the ruler of Aleppo.
11:31Since Badr-ud-din Lulu had supported Halaku during the attack on Baghdad,
11:35seeing this situation, many princes turned against Malik Muzaffar.
11:40Therefore, he killed him and replaced him with Rukn-ud-din Baybaras
11:45and appointed Rukn-ud-din Baybaras as his leader and sultan.
11:48Thus, on the 17th of Zikad, Hijri 585,
11:51on the 12th of Saad, Rukn-ud-din Baybaras became the sultan of Egypt.
11:56On the announcement of his coronation,
11:58the people of Egypt expressed great satisfaction and excitement
12:01because Rukn-ud-din Baybaras,
12:03having achieved successes against the French in the first Mansura and Gaza,
12:07had gained a prominent position in the politics of Egypt
12:10and now, by defeating the Mongols in Ain-e-Jalut,
12:14he had become the apple of the eye of the entire Islamic world, especially the people of Egypt.
12:19Therefore, when he was made the sultan,
12:21the people of Egypt welcomed him not only as a sultan,
12:26but also prayed for his long life.
12:29In fact, the conquest of Ain-e-Jalut
12:31had made Rukn-ud-din Baybaras' love for every heart of Egypt and Syria reach its peak.
12:37The people of Egypt thought that they had achieved successes
12:41because of Baybaras' passion for Jihad, bravery and high character.
12:45And they also thought that Sultan Rukn-ud-din Baybaras
12:48had the ability to deal with the Mongols and the Crusaders
12:51and fulfill the aspirations of the people.
12:54Since Sultan Rukn-ud-din Baybaras was a slave before,
12:57he himself and the number of his successors after him
13:00are called slaves or Mamluk.
13:03After becoming the sultan of Egypt,
13:05Rukn-ud-din Baybaras named himself Al-Mulk-uz-Zahir.
13:08Therefore, in the history books,
13:10the sultan is mostly remembered as Al-Mulk-uz-Zahir.
13:14As soon as he became the sultan of Egypt,
13:16Rukn-ud-din Baybaras destroyed all the corrupt people in the sultanate,
13:20who had been born before him
13:22and were born under the rule of Malik Muzaffar.
13:27Therefore, he abolished all kinds of illegal taxes and revenues without any delay.
13:33He strictly closed all wineries, taverns and gambling dens.
13:38After the throne, the most important task before Sultan Baybaras
13:42was to keep Syria safe from the dangers of the Mongols
13:45because he feared that they could attack Syria at any time
13:49to avenge the defeat of Ain-e-Jalout.
13:52Along with this, he also felt that the survival of Syria
13:56depended on the complete withdrawal from Egypt
13:58and until all those rulers and leaders
14:01who were in control of a few small kingdoms and states in Syria
14:05did not accept Egypt's supremacy,
14:07Syria would always be in the midst of attacks by the Mongols and the Crusaders.
14:12Therefore, to get rid of these problems,
14:15after a while of his abdication,
14:17he left with a powerful army,
14:19entered Syria,
14:21and held a meeting in Damascus
14:23and invited the leaders and leaders of Syria to take an oath of allegiance.
14:27Fortunately for the Muslims, the people of Syria proved to be very courteous.
14:31They accepted his obedience without hesitation
14:34and thus the Sultan became not only the Sultan of Egypt,
14:36but also the Sultan of Syria.
14:38After uniting Syria with itself,
14:40Sultan Baybaras gave equal rights to the people of Syria to the people of Egypt
14:44and announced that Syria was the second arm of the Islamic Empire, Egypt,
14:49and Damascus would be the second center of power of this united empire.
14:53Sultan Baybaras kept the buildings of ancient families in some cities and states of Syria,
14:59but on the condition that they would be subject to the rules and regulations of the central government.
15:04In this way, Syria also became a part of Sultan Baybaras' kingdom.
15:09In those days, Syria was a very vast empire,
15:11because at that time Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine and all areas of Israel used to be included in Syria.
15:18There were only a few fortresses in the grip of the Christians on the banks of the River Rome.
15:22After completing all these tasks, Sultan Baybaras began preparations to fight Halakukhan.
15:29Where he strengthened his defense, he increased the number of his army.
15:34He set fire to all forests and grasslands from the city of Aleppo to Iraq,
15:39so that the Mongol invaders could not advance easily.
15:43After all these arrangements,
15:45once again Sultan Baybaras went from the land of Syria to Egypt.
15:49After returning from Syria to Egypt, Sultan Baybaras established the Abbasid Caliphate first.
15:55With the destruction of Baghdad by Halakukhan, the Abbasid Caliphate came to an end.
16:00Whatever the caliphate was, in any case, it was generally the center of the nation for the Muslims.
16:07By its end, Muslims were feeling a deep void in their religious and political life.
16:13Sultan Baybaras was also well aware of the emotions of the people in this matter.
16:17Therefore, after the arrival of Barsar al-Yakdadaar, he had decided that the Abbasid Caliphate would be re-established from scratch
16:25and its center would be established in Cairo.
16:29During the destruction of Baghdad by the Mongols, an Abbasid prince named Abul Qasim was imprisoned.
16:35Later, during the riots, when many prisoners escaped from the prisons of Baghdad,
16:40the prince also escaped with the prisoners and remained in hiding for three and a half years.
16:46Coincidentally, Sultan Baybaras was aware of his whereabouts.
16:50Therefore, he sent ten leaders and invited Abul Qasim to come to Egypt.
16:55Abul Qasim accepted the invitation and entered Egypt with a few of his companions.
17:00He was welcomed in Egypt in a magnificent way.
17:03The city was decorated in a grand manner.
17:07After this, Sultan Baybaras, along with the Qazi-ul-Qaza of Egypt,
17:11other important leaders and officials also pledged allegiance to Abul Qasim.
17:15In this way, the succession of the Abbasid Caliphate began.
17:19In Egypt, Sultan Baybaras issued the name of the new Abbasid Caliph, Abul Qasim, in Sikhs and sermons.
17:25On the other hand, Halaku Khan had also returned from his homeland, the desert of Gobi,
17:30and now he was thinking about taking revenge for his defeat against the Muslims.
17:35Halaku Khan was very angry and angry with Sultan Baybaras.
17:39Because Sultan Baybaras had tied up the swords in front of the magnificent power of the Tatars.
17:45He had convinced the whole world of his courage, his bravery and his formidable personality.
17:52Now, because of Sultan Baybaras, the country of Egypt and Syria had gained central importance in the Islamic world.
17:59On the other hand, Halaku Khan wanted to create a new power in front of Sultan Baybaras.
18:04In order to confront Sultan Baybaras, the Crusaders of Mongolia and Eastern Europe had begun to unite,
18:11and they had begun to form groups to overthrow the governments of Egypt and Syria.
18:18When Sultan Baybaras saw that the Mongols were forming an alliance with the countries of Eastern Europe to attack him,
18:25he did not sit idly by.
18:27Fortunately for Sultan Baybaras, he himself divided the power and strength of the Mongols into two parts with his wisdom.
18:34In fact, there were four sons of Genghis Khan.
18:37Jochi Khan, Chughdai Khan, Oghdai Khan and Tolai Khan.
18:41Jochi Khan was considered the ruler of those areas, which is now called Central Asia.
18:46Jochi Khan had two sons, the eldest was Bato Khan and the youngest was Birgai Khan.
18:52After Jochi, his son Bato Khan became the ruler of those areas,
18:56and after Bato, his younger brother Birgai Khan became the ruler of the areas around the Volga River.
19:02Fortunately for the Muslims and Sultan Baybaras, Genghis Khan's grandson Birgai Khan accepted Islam.
19:09Because of this, many Mongols began to embrace Islam.
19:12Now Genghis Khan's two grandsons were active.
19:15One was Halaku Khan, who was against the Muslims,
19:19and the other was Birgai Khan, who was the ruler of the vast empire.
19:23In these circumstances, Sultan Baybaras, in order to confront Halaku Khan,
19:27decided to establish friendly and fraternal relations with Genghis Khan's grandson Birgai Khan.
19:34During the time of the great Khan of the Mongols, Mangu Khan, who was Halaku Khan's elder brother,
19:39Birgai Khan and Halaku Khan apparently had an alliance,
19:42but there had been severe differences between them.
19:46Birgai Khan had become a Muslim, and of course he was sympathetic to the Muslims.
19:52On the other hand, Halaku Khan was based on his aboriginal religion,
19:55while his Christian wife Dagoza had made him a supporter of European Christian countries,
20:01and his Christian wife was the daughter of the Khaqan of the Qared tribe of the Turks,
20:06who was a Christian of Nazturian origin.
20:09Thanks for watching!