Los Juegos Olímpicos son mucho más que una competición; son un festival de momentos mágicos que han dejado huella en la historia del deporte. Este documental recoge algunos de esos instantes que han resonado en el corazón de millones de personas alrededor del mundo, encapsulando el espíritu del lema de Pierre de Coubertin: "más rápido, más alto, más fuerte". Desde hazañas de atletas que han superado sus propios límites hasta gestos de deportividad y camaradería, cada Olimpiada trae consigo una colección de recuerdos que nos inspiran y nos unen.
A lo largo de los años, hemos sido testigos de actuaciones extraordinarias. Recordamos las impresionantes carreras de Usain Bolt, las conmovedoras historias de superación como la de Derek Redmond, y los momentos de gloria como el salto de longitud de Bob Beamon en 1968. Estos momentos no solo celebran la destreza atlética, sino que también destacan valores fundamentales como la perseverancia, el trabajo en equipo y el respeto mutuo.
Este documental no solo busca revivir estos momentos mágicos, sino también educar a las nuevas generaciones sobre la importancia de los Juegos Olímpicos en la cultura y la sociedad. A través de una narrativa envolvente y visualmente impactante, invitamos a los espectadores a explorar el legado olímpico y la emoción que cada edición trae consigo.
Únete a nosotros en este viaje por los recuerdos que han definido el significado de los Juegos Olímpicos. #JuegosOlímpicos, #MomentosMágicos, #HistoriaDelDeporte
Juegos Olímpicos, momentos mágicos, historia del deporte, Pierre de Coubertin, hazañas deportivas, superación, Usain Bolt, legado olímpico, eventos deportivos, inspiración.
A lo largo de los años, hemos sido testigos de actuaciones extraordinarias. Recordamos las impresionantes carreras de Usain Bolt, las conmovedoras historias de superación como la de Derek Redmond, y los momentos de gloria como el salto de longitud de Bob Beamon en 1968. Estos momentos no solo celebran la destreza atlética, sino que también destacan valores fundamentales como la perseverancia, el trabajo en equipo y el respeto mutuo.
Este documental no solo busca revivir estos momentos mágicos, sino también educar a las nuevas generaciones sobre la importancia de los Juegos Olímpicos en la cultura y la sociedad. A través de una narrativa envolvente y visualmente impactante, invitamos a los espectadores a explorar el legado olímpico y la emoción que cada edición trae consigo.
Únete a nosotros en este viaje por los recuerdos que han definido el significado de los Juegos Olímpicos. #JuegosOlímpicos, #MomentosMágicos, #HistoriaDelDeporte
Juegos Olímpicos, momentos mágicos, historia del deporte, Pierre de Coubertin, hazañas deportivas, superación, Usain Bolt, legado olímpico, eventos deportivos, inspiración.
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00:00OLYMPIC RECORDS
00:23Olympic records
00:26CITIUS, ALTIUS, FORTIUS
00:32It was the phrase that Pierre de Coubertin, the father of the Olympic movement,
00:35proposed as a motto and inspiration to the International Olympic Committee in 1894.
00:43Translated from Latin, it means faster, higher, stronger.
00:48And it perfectly sums up the Olympic challenge.
00:52The Olympic Games, considered for a long time the pinnacle of sports excellence,
00:57inspire athletes to perform at increasingly high levels.
01:03Olympics after Olympics reach unreachable athletic heights until then.
01:09And by doing so, the athletes surprise us with some of the most exciting and memorable Olympic moments.
01:15But how do our sports heroes reach those Olympic peaks?
01:29The 200-meter sprint is one of the purest Olympic sports.
01:33The effort of a lung explosion that lasts less than 20 seconds
01:37and requires few skills or special equipment.
01:41Although in theory we could all opt for this Olympic gold medal,
01:47we know it is not so.
01:51The truth is that for the vast majority,
01:53the doors to Olympic posterity close to us as soon as we are born.
01:57And in good part it is due to the genes with which we are born.
02:02If we took a walk through one of the Olympic Villas,
02:05we would see some of the tallest people in the world.
02:08If we took a walk through one of the Olympic Villas,
02:10we would see some of the tallest people in the world.
02:13Some of the people with the widest shoulders in swimming,
02:16others with exceptional musculature like some of the sprinters,
02:20and we would also see very light people like the gymnasts and some of the runners.
02:26Some of those differences in shape and body size or height
02:30are typical since our birth.
02:32Surely we will not reach the right height or physique
02:35for some sports or competitions.
02:40And in a sport like 200 meters,
02:42a good physiology is a crucial part of a very dodgy element,
02:47the talent.
02:51What I got, I owe it to have made a lot of effort
02:55and to have made very good decisions.
02:58But in addition to all that,
03:00there is luck,
03:02the enormous luck of having been blessed with the necessary talent,
03:06and that is not my merit.
03:08That must be the starting point.
03:11Even if you are totally focused or you try as hard as you can,
03:15if you do not have talent,
03:17you cannot win a gold medal in an Olympic Games.
03:20You cannot be an Olympic champion.
03:23But even a sport as simple as running
03:26involves a lot of disciplines.
03:28The necessary physiology to be a sprinter
03:30is very different from what a resistance athlete needs.
03:35Physiology is an essential part to achieve the maximum performance.
03:39The sprinters have very large muscles
03:41capable of producing high levels of power.
03:45The muscle fibers, which we call fast contraction fibers,
03:48allow to produce a lot of explosive force,
03:51but not to maintain a high intensity exercise for a long time.
03:57On the contrary, marathon runners are much thinner,
04:01their muscles are very resistant to fatigue
04:04and are composed of slow-twitch fibers.
04:08They can contract producing relatively low levels of strength,
04:12but for much longer.
04:16The Olympic marathon is one of the most impressive sports tests.
04:2142 kilometers and 195 meters at a dizzying pace.
04:26The tension we see on the faces of marathon runners
04:29during the last stages of the race
04:31reflects how, after almost two hours of maximum physical effort,
04:35the body literally begins to fade.
04:38What we see during the last stages of a marathon
04:41is the human body working just before running out of fuel.
04:45Running out of fuel can be quite catastrophic,
04:48something obvious when we see a person in that state.
04:53And that allows us to understand when and why it happens,
04:57and perhaps even more importantly, how to prevent it from happening.
05:02You could say that in a marathon,
05:04the limits are marked by the stomach and the intestine,
05:07not the legs or the heart.
05:09Taking into account the fuel needed to run a marathon,
05:12the pace at which they run and the energy that requires it,
05:15it is about trying to get fuel from any available source of sugar.
05:19The rate at which carbohydrates or sugars
05:22pass from the stomach to the intestine
05:24is very important.
05:26I think understanding what happens in that situation
05:29would probably allow us to reach new limits
05:32in many of the records that you see.
05:37Many already consider Letío Pequen Enisa Bekele
05:40a future marathon star,
05:42and perhaps he is even the one who left the record
05:45under the magic bar.
05:47Letío Pequen Enisa Bekele,
05:49a former marathon runner,
05:51is a future marathon star,
05:53and perhaps he is even the one who left the record
05:56under the magic bar of two hours.
05:58He currently holds the Olympic records
06:00of 10,000 and 5,000 meters,
06:02and has the ideal physique for endurance races.
06:08If you look at a person like Bekele,
06:10the first thing we see is that he is very light,
06:13but he also has a great engine inside.
06:17However, for someone to be able to convert
06:19that energy into speed in a very efficient way,
06:22he also has to have trained a lot.
06:24But even before he became an athlete,
06:27I think his aptitude is related
06:30to certain hereditary characteristics.
06:36East and North African athletes
06:38have dominated long-distance Olympic competitions
06:41for the last 15 years.
06:43There is no doubt that in those regions
06:45long-distance races are very popular,
06:48but could genetic differences also explain
06:51why some countries achieve better results
06:54in certain disciplines?
06:58Genetic differences between human beings
07:00of different races or different parts of the world
07:03are a very interesting question.
07:05We see that runners from East Africa
07:07dominate endurance races,
07:09and those from West Africa speed races,
07:12like many Afro-Caribbeans
07:14whose ancestors came from West Africa.
07:17It would probably be too simplistic
07:19to say that everything is due to their genetic characteristics.
07:22Surely we need many more factors
07:24to explain this performance.
07:31But the truth is that the original runners
07:33from West Africa have won
07:35most of the Olympic speed races
07:38during the last 30 years.
07:41And a runner is questioning the limits
07:43that until today we considered possible.
07:48He's six feet taller than the others,
07:50and he's 1.96 meters long.
07:52That's not unique.
07:54Many other people at that height
07:56try to be a fast runner,
07:58but he has a unique ability.
08:00He takes advantage of his long stance
08:02and also has the necessary coordination
08:04to alternate the steps of his long legs,
08:07as if they were much shorter than he is.
08:10And that's why I know that he is a very good runner.
08:14Ultimately, in Usain Bolt,
08:16everything is reduced to his muscular mechanics.
08:19He has an extraordinary musculature,
08:21and that has to be due to some characteristic of his anatomy.
08:24I imagine he was quite fast when he was a kid.
08:33He has a great sense of balance,
08:35and he has a great sense of speed.
08:37He has a great sense of balance,
08:39and he has a great sense of speed.
08:42The tendon will have developed in the same way
08:44as the muscle to be able to transfer
08:46that force and that power
08:48through the joints in a very effective way.
08:51He's able to store the elastic energy of each step
08:54and use it to propel himself
08:56to the next one when he takes off from the ground.
09:01When you see someone doing that with your own eyes,
09:04you can clearly see that with every step he takes,
09:07he's leaving his rivals a little further behind.
09:10But you can also see clearly that he could still improve,
09:13even though he's already the fastest man in the world.
09:28Yes, I know I appear in the history books,
09:31and people say, Usain is one of the greatest,
09:34but I want to do it again.
09:36A lot of people have won it once,
09:38and a few people have done it twice,
09:40and I think I'll become a legend.
09:44It'll be interesting to see in the next few years
09:47if he can continue that.
09:51But does every new record indicate
09:53that elite athletes are in better shape and faster?
10:02I don't think that human beings are in better shape
10:05or faster or stronger than they were 100 or 1,000 years ago.
10:10We don't evolve that fast.
10:12But environmental changes do.
10:14Today, athletes are professionals,
10:16they train constantly,
10:18and scientific and medical resources
10:20allow us to understand how to make that better.
10:23How to make that better.
10:33But for most athletes,
10:35what they need to do is to train,
10:37and certain techniques and information
10:39to inform that person,
10:41and determine if they're going to be successful on the podium.
10:46In the 1920s, the Finnish Paavo Nurmi
10:49was probably the first athlete
10:51to apply scientific principles to his training.
10:55He knew how to see the relationship between work and rest,
10:58and his system of division of training
11:00in numerous periods of effort
11:02laid the foundations of training at intervals.
11:06Interval training consists of
11:08dividing the exercise into periods of activity and rest,
11:11and its goal is to allow you to train
11:13in the period of activity with greater intensity,
11:16if you try to keep a steady pace all the way through.
11:20We can see that the classic examples
11:22of athletes who used this type of training
11:25were chosen by the Finnish Paavo Nurmi
11:27and the Finnish Paavo Nurmi,
11:29because they were able to see
11:31the relationship between work and rest
11:33and that's why they chose this type of training,
11:36because they discovered that it worked.
11:38It's obvious that they tried it and thought,
11:40I'm improving more than my rivals.
11:42Perhaps the most enthusiastic supporter
11:44of interval training
11:46was the Czech runner Emil Zatopek.
11:48For him, a day of training
11:50consisted of a marathon
11:52divided into sprints of 100, 200 and 400 meters,
11:55often running repetitions
11:57with heavy military boots.
12:00Zatopek's training is especially interesting
12:02because he did it quite often,
12:04usually every day.
12:07It's also important to consider
12:09how he could keep that pace.
12:11It's not just about the type of training,
12:13but also about being quite resistant
12:15to be able to withstand that type of training.
12:17And it's obvious that he was.
12:21And it was worth it.
12:23In 1952 he won the gold
12:25in the 5,000 meters in an exciting race
12:27with a very intense last lap
12:29in which he came back from the fourth position
12:31to win in a record time.
12:35A few days later he also won
12:37in the 10,000 meters,
12:39also breaking the record of that distance.
12:42And then Zatopek decided
12:44unexpectedly to participate
12:46in the Olympic marathon for the first time.
12:51Without a race strategy,
12:53he decided to run with the British Jim Peters,
12:55holder of the world record.
12:57To try to exhaust the Czech,
12:59Peters imposed a dizzying pace,
13:01but was unable to maintain it
13:03and withdrew from the race.
13:05However, Zatopek managed to finish it,
13:07win his third gold
13:09and set a new Olympic record.
13:13To this day he is still the only man
13:15who has won gold in the three distances
13:17in the same Olympics.
13:19The scientists continue to try to understand
13:21with exactitude how the body responds
13:23to the tensions of extreme training.
13:27We study in detail the adaptation
13:29to each training session,
13:31the cardiovascular response,
13:33the intensity of the athlete's breathing,
13:35what happens in his muscles,
13:37what causes fatigue,
13:39and also the long-term or chronic adaptation,
13:41what happens in his muscles,
13:43what causes fatigue,
13:45what happens in his muscles,
13:47what happens in his muscles,
13:49what causes fatigue,
13:51and also the long-term or chronic adaptation,
13:53which is what every coach and every athlete
13:55pursues, which is adaptation.
13:57One of the advances that science,
13:59medicine and technology
14:01are beginning to introduce
14:03in training sessions
14:05is the ability to provide
14:07information in real time.
14:09To obtain that information
14:11as soon as possible
14:13allows to perfect the behavior
14:15In the world of elite sport, the sensors allow the coaches to know how quickly the athletes react to the shot.
14:24And the real-time tracking allows the coaches to obtain information about the vital biochemical indicators of the athlete at the time.
14:36Swimming is another sport that has taken great advantage of the most advanced technology.
14:41The complexity of the movements of the swimmers and the unpredictable influence of hydrodynamics
14:46prevented, until recently, to obtain real-time analysis beyond the humble stopwatch.
14:52But recently, the efforts to adapt a technology used by the military in submarines
14:58have allowed to apply science to swimming.
15:01The University of Southampton has developed a trailing system that the swimmer can attach to a belt.
15:10By swimming in the opposite direction, they can know how much force they are applying and also their resistance to water.
15:17The signal goes up when you face a greater resistance.
15:21They can apply their technique or apply a greater force to reduce that resistance and consequently advance at a greater speed.
15:31This technology applied to swimming has allowed, in part, to develop what we know about the technique of swimming and armwrestling.
15:37For example, an athlete can swim with a small sensor on his back and that information can be transmitted wirelessly to his coach.
15:45This will provide real-time information about his turns to check at what speed he has reached the wall and moved away from it,
15:51his armwrestling rhythm and how often he applies the force of his armwrestling.
15:55So we live a very exciting moment for swimming.
16:01So what could be the future of the training of elite athletes?
16:11The future is really going to have a lot more individual training.
16:15I think one of the most interesting fields during the next 20 years will be genomics,
16:20what we understand about a DNA profile and its relationship to what makes it successful.
16:26Now, of course, that the human genome, our genetic map, has been deciphered completely,
16:32we have a better understanding of what genes are associated with elite performance.
16:38Having said that, we are probably still a little bit far from understanding how all the variations between some of those genes
16:46can influence the overall performance.
16:51But before the sports scientists, the athletes themselves already applied their basic scientific analysis
16:57and achieved revolutionary advances.
17:01In 1960, the French skier Jean Bournet was waiting to compete in the men's descent against the clock in Squaw Valley
17:08and had a secret weapon.
17:11He had developed a very aerodynamic posture called the egg.
17:17Bournet believed that his new posture would give him an advantage over the usual upright posture.
17:22And he was right.
17:24He won by half a second and the skiers from all over the world would soon adopt his egg posture.
17:33PARRY O'BRIEN
17:40The American Parry O'Brien also applied the laws of physics to his sport, weight throwing.
17:46Before the change adopted by O'Brien, the usual throw was quite simple.
17:51O'Brien began by looking at the back of the circle and then rotated 180 degrees on himself
17:57to generate an additional impulse and thus reach a greater distance.
18:01Thanks to the so-called linear technique, O'Brien achieved gold
18:05and established Olympic records in the 1952 and 1956 Olympics.
18:09Since then, it has been adopted by all weight throwers.
18:20But creating new techniques and applying them for the first time when there is an Olympic medal at stake
18:25not only involves great creativity, but also a lot of cold blood.
18:30The American Dick Button, a legend in figure skating,
18:34invented the double axel during his training just before the final phase of the 1948 Olympic Games.
18:42But he had never executed it in a competition.
18:46When you are 17 or 18 years old, everything goes well.
18:51You try anything, you are not afraid and you do it.
18:57I had been practicing the double axel and two days before I managed to do it well.
19:03It was a huge risk because I was not completely sure.
19:07I did not have the necessary confidence and it did not come out perfectly.
19:12If you look closely at the recording, you can see that it is not perfect.
19:18It is a very dangerous movement because it takes off forward
19:22and if your position is not correct and you falter,
19:25you can end up with both feet in the air and land on your back.
19:30Today everyone does it double and even triple.
19:34If you want to win today at the Olympics, you are expected to do a triple axel.
19:40Four years later, at the end of the free program in Oslo, Button did it again.
19:45He executed the first triple jump ever seen during a competition.
19:49His performance was worth the gold medal.
19:54You want to do new things because that's what it's about.
19:57You were trying things you did not know how to do,
20:00because no one had told you that they could not be done.
20:04That's why you assumed you could do them.
20:06It's like running the mile in less than four minutes.
20:09As soon as we did it, everyone else did it too.
20:12At the beginning of the 1960s, the techniques used in the high jump
20:20were the ventral roller and the scissors.
20:27The American Dick Fosbury had tried both, but felt unable to progress.
20:36I never really thought about changing my style until I got to high school.
20:42I was trying to jump a height I had never jumped before.
20:46That's when I knew I had to do something different.
20:51There was no concept or plan.
20:55What I did was try to lift my hips.
20:58My shoulders went back and it worked.
21:02By the end of that training, I had improved my jump 15 centimeters.
21:07That was the revolution.
21:11In two years, I developed it to the point of turning my back to the bar,
21:16getting over it with my head in front and arching over it.
21:22That's where the flop technique came from.
21:26It was an evolution.
21:29Fosbury made this evolution known in an international competition
21:33during the 1968 Olympics in Mexico.
21:36The spectators loved it and it soon became known as the Fosbury Flop.
21:45Everyone noticed.
21:47They screamed, laughed and applauded.
21:50They said, look at this weird technique he's using.
21:55And he's winning.
21:59The final was a competition between Fosbury and his teammate, Ed Carathers.
22:04Both had managed to jump over 2 meters and 20 centimeters.
22:07They only had one jump left and the pressure was enormous.
22:21We were competing for the gold medal, jumping 2 meters and 22 centimeters.
22:27A height that none of us had ever cleared before.
22:32It was my third attempt.
22:34If I failed, Ed could still win.
22:37The pressure was enormous.
22:40Carathers didn't make it over that height,
22:42but Fosbury made it and won the gold medal.
22:46His innovative technique had shown his critics that they were wrong.
22:50The Fosbury Flop was born.
22:56I can barely remember jumping and jumping with joy.
23:02It was the best day of my life.
23:06I had surpassed my best personal record in an Olympic Games.
23:10I set a national record, an Olympic record and won the gold medal.
23:22One of the amazing experiences of my life
23:27is that I discovered this technique.
23:31I was fortunate to name it Fosbury Flop.
23:37Today it's something universal
23:39and I feel very proud and honored
23:42that I could contribute to the sport of athletics.
23:48Sometimes, adapting a technique slightly can yield great results.
23:53At the end of the 1980s,
23:55Sergei Bobka, the legendary jumper with Soviet Flop,
23:58developed a sequence of positions and pressures
24:01that gave him the advantage over his competitors
24:03and allowed him to reach new heights.
24:14The Flop must get penetration.
24:18The Flop must not bend over the ground
24:20as most jumpers did.
24:23If you move the Flop in this way,
24:25you can easily get it to adopt a greater rigidity
24:28and a greater grip.
24:30It's a more natural technique.
24:32I would say it is related to adequate technical skills.
24:36Doing it that way gave me a lot of power.
24:40But due to the boycotts and injuries,
24:42Bobka only participated in an Olympic jump final with Flop,
24:45the one in Seoul in 1988.
24:48Sergei Bobka, from the Soviet Union, 5.90 meters.
24:53Second attempt.
24:55However, his 5.90-meter jump
24:57was not only enough to get the gold,
24:59but also established a new Olympic record
25:02of jumping with Flop.
25:06Winning the Olympic Games was my dream.
25:09All this emotion, all those screams,
25:12it was all so natural.
25:15What they screamed, what they did,
25:17it was all spontaneous.
25:19Spontaneous and unpredictable.
25:21It was a surprise even for me.
25:27Bobka broke the world record
25:29of jumping with Flop on 35 occasions,
25:31both on a covered track and in the open air,
25:33something really amazing.
25:35And he still holds the current record
25:37in the open air with 6.14 meters,
25:39but he could have reached higher heights.
25:42Japanese sports scientists
25:44analyzed my best jumps
25:46and said that with the technique I used
25:48it would be possible to jump 6.30 meters
25:50or 6.40 meters.
25:53Today the same rules are still used
25:55and the same equipment,
25:57so it's achievable.
26:04Despite the almost perfect technique
26:06of athletes like Bobka,
26:08the jump with Flop is a good example
26:10because the equipment has helped
26:12to break records over the years.
26:14In the Olympic Games of 1896,
26:16William Hoyt won the competition
26:18of jump with Flop with a jump
26:20of 3.30 meters.
26:22Since then, the advances in the
26:24manufacture of the Flops have been
26:26responsible for the huge increase
26:28in the heights achieved in this
26:30discipline over the years.
26:34The jump with Flop has a long history.
26:36The first Flops were made
26:38with bamboo and wood,
26:40but science has allowed its manufacture
26:42with carbon fiber and glass fiber,
26:44much more resistant and efficient materials.
26:46When you apply that force,
26:48the jump can be straightened
26:50much more effectively
26:52and help you reach much higher heights.
26:54Athletes also improve,
26:56but those materials allow
26:58to accelerate the development
27:00of their equipment
27:02and reach higher heights.
27:04Even in those sports
27:06that depend less on technology,
27:08the science of materials
27:10is beginning to help
27:12athletes to improve their brands.
27:20We personalize the mechanical properties
27:22of the nails used by sprinters.
27:24We study how the modifications
27:26of the rigidity of those nails
27:28can influence their performance.
27:30What we do is invite the athlete
27:32to the laboratory
27:34and ask him to perform
27:36a series of athletic movements
27:38to see how he reacts
27:40to those modifications.
27:42We repeat those movements
27:44with shoes of different rigidity
27:46to try to maximize
27:48the output power
27:50of their joints.
27:52Then we can customize
27:54a set of nails,
27:56take them to the track,
27:58to the environment where they train,
28:00and we have seen improvements
28:02in the laboratory.
28:04After working with elite athletes,
28:06we have seen improvements,
28:08but it might be a while
28:10before they use them
28:12in an important competition.
28:14Cycling is one of the sports
28:16in which technology
28:18has had the greatest influence.
28:20And Mike Burroughs is one
28:22of the most influential
28:24designers of cycling.
28:26He has been experimenting
28:28with aerodynamic resistance
28:30for a long time.
28:32If you are on a bicycle
28:34at high speed
28:36on a flat road
28:38and no wind,
28:40when you reach 48 km per hour,
28:4290% of what prevents you
28:44from going faster
28:46is the resistance of the air.
28:48People think that everything
28:50depends on the rider,
28:52but it is not like that.
28:54Both factors influence
28:56the energy required
28:58to overcome them.
29:00Going twice as fast
29:02means pedaling eight times more.
29:04Since the early 1980s,
29:06Burroughs, an enthusiast
29:08of competition cycling,
29:10has been discreetly applying
29:12his great skill for design
29:14and engineering to develop
29:16one of the most emblematic
29:18bicycles in history.
29:20In 1982, I came up with the idea
29:22of making a bicycle
29:24with carbon fiber.
29:26I understood that if I could
29:28mold the whole frame
29:30in carbon fiber,
29:32its best aerodynamic response
29:34would mean a significant advance.
29:36It worked very well for me,
29:38but I am not a great cyclist
29:40and I did not win many races.
29:42Nobody noticed at all.
29:44Burroughs had to find
29:46a better cyclist
29:48for his revolutionary bicycle.
29:50With the help of the manufacturer
29:52and carpenter in Paro.
29:54Many revolutionary
29:56technical improvements
29:58had occurred to him.
30:00Wheels held by one side,
30:02a bicycle with an aerodynamic profile.
30:04Mike had a friend who worked
30:06at Lotus.
30:08They met and told him,
30:10I'm working on this,
30:12I could get to the Olympics.
30:14Do you know someone
30:16who could participate
30:18in an Olympics?
30:20I think it was all
30:22that influenced my position
30:24on the bicycle,
30:26very radical and aerodynamic,
30:28that I would not leave
30:30throughout my career.
30:34When Bortman came
30:36to the Olympic Games
30:38of Barcelona to participate
30:40in the individual chase
30:42of 4,000 meters,
30:44his bicycle captured
30:46all eyes.
30:48In the final, Bortman faced
30:50the German Jens Lehmann,
30:52then world champion.
30:54Bortman clearly dominated
30:56the test from the starting shot
30:58to finally reach and overcome
31:00the unfortunate Lehmann
31:02achieving a round victory.
31:04I never believed
31:06it would happen,
31:08not even when we were
31:10already in the same line.
31:12I didn't even believe it
31:14until I got over it,
31:16and that's the end of the race.
31:36Having a bicycle
31:38was at least as good
31:40as any other,
31:42and probably better.
31:44I was psychologically
31:46sure that others
31:48thought it was very different
31:50and liked it.
31:52It was just great
31:54to know that no one
31:56had any advantage
31:58over me there.
32:00Many people talk
32:02about the placebo effect
32:04that accompanies
32:06the new equipment.
32:08From the field of neuroscience
32:10we are beginning to understand
32:12the effect that can have
32:14on your physiology.
32:18The ability of the mind
32:20to influence the performance
32:22of the body was demonstrated
32:24by Dr. Jamie Pringle
32:26of the English Institute of Sports,
32:28who recreated an experiment
32:30carried out for the first time
32:32by the South African physiologist
32:34Timothy Knox.
32:36With him, he demonstrated
32:38how the athletes' physical
32:40performance was affected
32:42by the new equipment.
32:44We got individuals
32:46to exercise for about
32:4810 minutes until they came back in.
32:50In the next session,
32:52they did exactly the same test
32:54but with a clock that went
32:56a little bit slower.
32:58The individuals thought
33:00they were going to exercise
33:02for 10 minutes,
33:04but they were actually
33:06able to maintain the same
33:08effort for another 2 minutes
33:10just because of their perception
33:12of time.
33:26Understanding and taking advantage
33:28of the power of the mind
33:30is a key factor to achieve
33:32maximum performance.
33:34And as the pressure on the athletes
33:36is increasing,
33:38the sports psychologist
33:40is increasingly important.
33:42Athletes are under financial
33:44pressure, they have to train,
33:46they have to travel a lot,
33:48and that is another added pressure,
33:50the expectations of the public,
33:52the expectations of the technical
33:54body.
33:56And also a failure
33:58has serious consequences.
34:00It's the end
34:02of their sports career.
34:06What I've done has been
34:08applying what I know
34:10about the human mind.
34:12I ask the athletes,
34:14what do you want to do?
34:16What are you doing?
34:18What can't you do?
34:20And then I try to solve it.
34:22To do that, I try to give them
34:24an idea of what their mind
34:26can and can't do and how it works.
34:28And then we analyze
34:30what they're trying to achieve
34:32and we optimize that.
34:34We know from the images of the brain
34:36that it distributes the blood
34:38depending on which part we want to use.
34:40So when I proved that certain parts
34:42of the brain make you feel
34:44a little unstable and emotional
34:46and other parts make you calm down,
34:48I added 2 plus 2 and I asked myself,
34:50is there any way that athletes
34:52can modify the blood flow
34:54to the areas they want it to be in?
34:56So what I'm asking is, explain to the athlete
34:58how this model works,
35:00how he can take advantage of it
35:02to improve the brainwashing.
35:04Many attribute to Dr. Peters
35:06a decisive contribution
35:08to the success
35:10of the British cycling team
35:12during the last decade.
35:14Chris Hoy, one of the members
35:16of that team, was subjected
35:18to enormous pressure
35:20during the 1,000 meters
35:22against the clock
35:24at the Athens 2004 Olympics.
35:26To work optimally,
35:28you have to sit down and think,
35:30and my task was to get into
35:32that young man's head
35:34and tell him what he was going to face,
35:36what he would probably have to do
35:38about it and where he could fall apart.
35:42Chris was the world champion,
35:44so he would be the last to compete
35:46and he found himself in an extraordinary position.
35:48He saw how Shane Kelly,
35:50the Australian runner,
35:52set a new Olympic record
35:54that would then beat the German Stefan Neimke.
35:56When the penultimate cyclist,
35:58the French Arnaud Tornain,
36:00broke the record again,
36:02Chris knew he had to do
36:04the best race of his life.
36:06Not only did I have to wait
36:08to run, I also had to see
36:10how the record, my goal,
36:12was beaten over and over again
36:14with marks that I had not
36:16achieved before.
36:18I thought, even if I do the best race
36:20of my life, I will not get more
36:22than the bronze medal.
36:24But I tried not to think about that
36:26We were working specifically
36:28on that possibility of the effect
36:30that someone could have
36:32on a magnificent race
36:34and how to face it psychologically.
36:36Chris was an exceptional student
36:38with incredible abilities
36:40and he learned to do it.
36:42As he himself says in his book,
36:44he practiced it thousands of times
36:46and it is literally true.
36:48We visualized over and over again
36:50exactly what would happen
36:52and how he would face it.
36:56Chris's tactics worked perfectly
36:58and he pulverized his previous
37:00best personal time.
37:02He got the gold,
37:04the bronze,
37:06the bronze,
37:08the bronze,
37:10the bronze,
37:12the bronze,
37:14the bronze,
37:16the bronze,
37:18the bronze,
37:20the bronze,
37:22the bronze,
37:24the bronze,
37:26the bronze,
37:28the bronze,
37:30the bronze,
37:32the bronze,
37:34the bronze,
37:36the bronze,
37:38the bronze.
37:40I remember looking up
37:42and I see my first Dakotas
37:44and with the letters OR
37:46Which means Olympic Shark record
37:48I could see for a moment
37:50my family inclined
37:52that we were looking for, it was just unbelievable.
37:59As a psychologist, you try not to get too emotional,
38:03but I'm human, and as a psychologist,
38:05when I moved away from him, I also wanted to live and breathe that moment.
38:09It was a fantastic experience, a great euphoria.
38:17You watch the Olympic Games,
38:19you see the athletes at the top of their sports careers,
38:22and they look super confident,
38:24nothing can stop them,
38:26but on the way to the Olympics,
38:28there are many tough days in which you're not sure you're going to make it.
38:32So when you get on the podium and you see the flag raised,
38:35it's something you've dreamt about all your life.
38:38And that can be an overwhelming moment,
38:40and without a doubt, for me, it was.
38:42I never dreamt of something like that.
38:44I never dreamt that I would become an Olympic champion,
38:47and much less four times.
38:49Psychologists can't do anything
38:51unless they've already laid the foundations,
38:54the technical team, the scientists,
38:56and the rest of the support team.
38:58They're the ones who prepare the athletes.
39:00The only thing I do is stop them from flaking.
39:05I only contributed 1%, but maybe it was a crucial percentage.
39:12Different athletes respond very differently
39:14to different types of stress,
39:16and there are many anecdotes and many examples of athletes
39:19who practically grow in the face of adversity.
39:23In all races, it's important to have a mental strategy.
39:26It doesn't matter if it's 100 or 10,000 metres.
39:29You can't just be physically prepared to compete and compete.
39:34You can have the legs in good shape but fail that day.
39:37So the psychological side is a very important element.
39:40Unfortunately, we see cases where the athletes
39:42are doing wonderfully during training.
39:45They have a perfect physical and physiological state,
39:48but that day they compete below their capabilities.
39:58No one doubts that for an athlete to perform at their best,
40:01a good mental preparation is crucial.
40:04After being about to lose the bronze medal in 1984
40:07during his first Olympics,
40:09Canadian speed skater Dan Jansen
40:11managed to dominate his sport in the mid-80s.
40:15In 1988, he came to Calgary as the world champion in speed,
40:18and was a sure bet for the gold in the 500-metre race.
40:22But on the morning of the final,
40:24Jansen received devastating news
40:26about his sister Jane, suffering from leukemia.
40:32The morning of the race,
40:34I got a phone call at six in the morning.
40:38It was my family from the hospital,
40:40and they said, Jane is not well.
40:42She has very low blood pressure.
40:44She probably won't make it through the day.
40:47My brother came to the Olympic Village
40:49and we spent two or three hours talking and walking.
40:52Then he left.
40:54And an hour and a half later,
40:56they called me again to tell me that my sister had died.
41:01Twenty-four hours before I knew I was going to win.
41:04And when I got to the warm-up track,
41:06I felt like I had never skated before.
41:12Completely disconcentrated,
41:14Jansen suffered a fall in the 500 metres
41:16and could not finish the race.
41:19Days later, with the gold in his hands
41:21and about to set a new world record in the 1,000 metres,
41:24the same thing happened to him.
41:37What else could have happened to me that week?
41:41I lost my sister and I did not cross the finish line
41:44in any of the two races.
41:46It was a horrible week.
41:49The next four years, Jansen remained at the top of his discipline,
41:52setting a new world record in the 500 metres,
41:55a few months before the Winter Olympics in Albertville.
41:59But once again, his attempts described as shy,
42:02by the sports press, were a disappointment.
42:06He finished fourth in the 500-metre race
42:08and in a disheartening 26th place in the 1,000-metre race.
42:12Many wondered if he would ever succeed in an Olympic Games.
42:17In each and every interview I gave,
42:20I was asked two questions.
42:22If I was going to be thinking about my sister
42:24or if I was going to fall.
42:26So I needed to get that out of my mind.
42:28And we did that.
42:32Jansen worked with his psychologist, Dr. Jim Lahr,
42:35and he began by dealing with the distance
42:37that he less dominated and less liked.
42:41The first thing was to write every day in my diary,
42:44I love the 1,000 metres.
42:46But I also wrote small notes that stuck all over the house,
42:49in the fridge, the mirror in the bathroom,
42:51wherever I went, I saw, I love the 1,000 metres.
42:55We combined that with all the other things we did
42:58and curiously I will never forget the day
43:00that I told myself, literally,
43:02how eager I am to do the 1,000 metres this weekend.
43:05I had never said it before,
43:07I had never thought about it before, but I did.
43:09And since then, I have always wanted to train that distance.
43:13Lillehammer's in 1994
43:15was Jansen's fourth and last Olympic Games,
43:18a last chance to win a medal.
43:20Once again, he arrived as a favourite.
43:23In the two years since Albert Bill,
43:25he had become the first speed skater
43:27to break the barrier of 36 seconds in 500 metres
43:30and had achieved the five best times in history.
43:33It seemed that nothing could stop him.
43:37There was no way I was going to stop winning that race.
43:40I thought I could break the world record,
43:42so when I got to the last corner,
43:44I forced things a little bit and the ice came off.
43:49I don't think it was the nerves or anything like that,
43:52I think it was more the aggressiveness.
43:54It was truly devastating.
43:56I felt bad for my family, for my city.
43:58Competing always implies a great responsibility, and I felt it.
44:04Dan Jansen, the fastest speed skater in history,
44:07had competed in four Olympic Games,
44:09but had never won a medal.
44:12The 1,000-metre race would be his last participation,
44:15his last chance.
44:19Maybe when the Olympic Games were celebrated,
44:21I thought about how it would be to become an Olympic champion.
44:24Before the 1,000 metres, I didn't think about that anymore.
44:27I gave up my expectations,
44:29and I concentrated on what I was going to do in skating,
44:32like I knew how to skate.
44:37Everybody's trained in a different way,
44:40and they need to see and visualise different things mentally.
44:46But in my case,
44:48it had to be about the process,
44:50skating, and going out and doing my race.
44:54And when the gun went off,
44:56I noticed that feeling that every athlete dreams of.
45:01I didn't hear anybody.
45:06I just thought about how relaxed I felt.
45:09It was the first 600 metres as if I was floating.
45:13It was a beautiful feeling.
45:16But in the 600-metre mark,
45:18Jansen slipped again.
45:21Although this time,
45:23his previous tragedies would not be repeated.
45:27He recovered without even touching the ice,
45:29and moments later,
45:31he crossed the finish line with a time worth a gold medal
45:34and a new world record.
45:36His search for Olympic glory had come to an end.
45:45When I finished, I looked up
45:47and saw the world record indicator,
45:50and it was just a relief
45:52because I had finally skated to my best level,
45:55and that was the only thing I wanted to do.
46:01Records are marks that others have to overcome,
46:04and the Olympic Games are often
46:06the stage for the greatest human achievements.
46:11What drives athletes to reach extraordinary heights
46:14is often a combination of genetics,
46:17training,
46:19technique,
46:20and psychology.
46:23But in every generation,
46:25something extraordinary can happen that transcends all that.
46:30One of those moments took place in Mexico City in 1968.
46:35It was recorded in people's minds.
46:37It was a great event
46:39because it made people think
46:41about what human beings are capable of doing.
46:44It changed the world of athletics.
46:46It even coined an adjective
46:48that had never been heard before.
46:50Vimonian.
46:52I've seen it.
46:53It looks like it's been in the air for an eternity.
46:56Wow.
46:57He did really well.
46:59On October 18, at 3.46 p.m.,
47:01it was announced that the athlete with dorsal 254,
47:04the North American Bob Vimon,
47:06was going to make his first attempt
47:08in the long jump.
47:13Making that jump on October 18,
47:15I had a strange feeling.
47:17I was very loose,
47:19more loose than most days.
47:23I didn't think I was going to make it.
47:25I didn't think I was going to make it.
47:28I didn't think I was going to break a world record,
47:31but I always thought I was going to win.
47:34I always imagined myself
47:36at the top of the podium with my gold medal.
47:43From the starting position,
47:45with his head down,
47:47he looked up and made his first steps on the track.
47:53When he hit the pit,
47:55all the spectators in the stands said,
47:57oh.
47:59And I said, wow.
48:01They asked me, how high do you think he jumped, Ralph?
48:04And I said, probably over 8.5 meters.
48:06He had a measuring device
48:08that reached up to 8.5 meters.
48:10They saw his jump,
48:12and there was still a space like that
48:14between 8.60 meters and the place where Bob had fallen.
48:17So they had to go get a measuring tape.
48:20After a long wait,
48:22the judges finally showed the result on the scoreboard.
48:26Vimon had made an amazing jump of 8.9 meters.
48:30He had broken the previous world record
48:32by more than half a meter.
48:36Once that distance appeared,
48:38the whole environment of the competition changed.
48:41We all started talking to each other,
48:44something we had never done before.
48:46And Igor said to me,
48:48Ralph, we look like children.
48:51I was just excited about what he had done.
48:54It was crazy.
48:57I mean, it was just incredible.
48:59I mean, it was just incredible.
49:01There's no words for it.
49:05When he realized the importance of his feat,
49:07he fell to the abysmal ground.
49:12Vimon had gone down in history with a single jump.
49:15Although he never competed again in an Olympic Games,
49:18Vimon's jump is still the current Olympic record.
49:268.9 meters.
49:28What are you going to do next?
49:30What are you going to do?
49:32So he left it a few years later.
49:39How do I explain that jump?
49:41I look at it now as an experience.
49:43As an experience that is the pinnacle of my life.
49:47There's something spiritual about it,
49:49whatever it is.
49:51It was a great blessing.
49:53I had planned to leave my retirement
49:55and try again,
49:57but maybe I should just let the young people jump now.
50:10Since the birth of the Olympic movement,
50:12sporting performance has been improving
50:14at a gigantic pace
50:16thanks to the application of sports science.
50:20But science can only help to a certain extent.
50:25Special things happen in the Olympic Games
50:27because the Olympic Games are special.
50:31The spirit of the Games that impregnates all the participants
50:34seems to add an intangible energy to their performance,
50:37inspiring them and raising them to Olympic heights
50:40more and more.
50:53I don't know what the limits of human ability are.
50:56Records are to be broken.
51:02We're only getting to the tip of the iceberg.
51:05We don't know what our limits are.
51:11The Olympic gold medals are not the most important thing
51:14in the Olympic Games.
51:16They're much more than that.
51:22I had no idea that that would change my life.
51:30And the adrenaline began to flow through my body
51:33in the Olympic Games,
51:37and it still does.
51:41The Olympic Games
51:43The Olympic Games.