AI REVOLUTION (2024) - Mini Series - 3 episodes
A three-part documentary exploring the impact of AI on work, economies, and ethics. The series examines how AI influences societal norms, highlighting the threats and challenges, but also its role as a trans-formative force in modern life.
Episode 1 - Future of Work
The guests, from the bustling streets of London to the heart of Silicon Valley, explore AI's opportunities and challenges while envisioning the future of work.
Episode 2 - AI and Global Economy
AI is everywhere, promising profound changes to economies and livelihoods. The interviewees examine AI's potential to bridge digital divides.
Episode 3 - Ethics of AI
Ethical complexities of AI. This exploration delves into privacy issues, biases, and accountability challenges.
A three-part documentary exploring the impact of AI on work, economies, and ethics. The series examines how AI influences societal norms, highlighting the threats and challenges, but also its role as a trans-formative force in modern life.
Episode 1 - Future of Work
The guests, from the bustling streets of London to the heart of Silicon Valley, explore AI's opportunities and challenges while envisioning the future of work.
Episode 2 - AI and Global Economy
AI is everywhere, promising profound changes to economies and livelihoods. The interviewees examine AI's potential to bridge digital divides.
Episode 3 - Ethics of AI
Ethical complexities of AI. This exploration delves into privacy issues, biases, and accountability challenges.
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TechTranscript
00:00Imagine a world where robots and machines do the work of humans, and where productivity,
00:08efficiency, and innovation are at an all-time high.
00:12This is the world of artificial intelligence, AI, a rapidly developing technology that is
00:22transforming the way we live and work.
00:27At first glance, the benefits of AI seem clear.
00:30It can create new opportunities for workers to learn new skills, collaborate with machines,
00:36and engage in creative problem-solving.
00:39People are going to have to get good at prompts.
00:41The rise of AI also poses challenges and risks for society and individuals.
00:47With AI increasingly capable of disrupting existing jobs, markets, and institutions,
00:53the question arises, what is the future of work?
00:56As more and more jobs are automated, how will workers adapt to the changing landscape?
01:02We seem to be developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences of
01:05those tools.
01:06But the impact of AI goes beyond just the workplace.
01:10It also raises ethical, legal, and social issues.
01:14And it's not just our jobs and institutions that are at risk, but also our very identity
01:19as humans.
01:20That's why it's essential for leaders and citizens to take responsibility for shaping
01:25the development and use of AI in a responsible manner.
01:29We can create a future that benefits everyone.
01:32Join us as we explore the exciting possibilities and challenging realities of AI.
01:50Jerry Kaplan is widely known as an artificial intelligence expert, serial entrepreneur,
02:10technical innovator, educator, best-selling author, and futurist.
02:16What is artificial intelligence?
02:18Well, you may not know this, but you're talking to a robot.
02:24Artificial intelligence is not a science.
02:26It's not like chemistry or physics, because there's no underlying fundamental theory that
02:32drives the field.
02:34Instead, artificial intelligence is kind of an overarching term for a collection of software
02:40technologies that are generally, generally around solving classes of problems that today
02:46we think requires human intelligence or attention.
02:50AI is having a significant impact in the area of education, and that's just one of the many
02:55fields that it's going to revolutionize over the next five to 10 years.
03:00To understand the effect of artificial intelligence on labor markets and jobs, it's helpful to
03:05understand that artificial intelligence is simply the next wave of automation.
03:11And it will have the same kinds of effects as previous waves of automation.
03:17Previous waves of automation have consistently had the same pattern in terms of what they
03:22do to the workforce and what they do to jobs.
03:25The first is, of course, that some people lose their jobs.
03:28This is the short-term effect, and that's simply because automation is the substitution
03:33of capital and machinery for human labor.
03:36That's the point.
03:37That's the whole purpose.
03:38But what that does is it reduces costs in organizations, and it increases productivity
03:45of the remaining employees.
03:47As a result, the products can be cheaper, and sometimes new products become possible.
03:53And in fact, that's exactly what happened here in the United States in the late 1950s.
03:58Most of the population worked on farms, and within a few decades, a very small percentage
04:03of the population worked on farms.
04:05So the second effect makes the remaining workers much more productive and creates new
04:10markets, and that creates new types of opportunities for employment.
04:15That employment is usually in different professions than the ones who lost their jobs.
04:21So today, we don't sit around wringing our hands about the over one million telephone
04:28operators that lost their jobs in the U.S. in the late 20th century.
04:33What happened, of course?
04:34They got jobs in other kinds of industries.
04:37So you need to upgrade your skills to take advantage of the new technologies of automation
04:44when those occur.
04:46So if there's one of the things that I can confidently predict for you, it's that in
04:51the short run, a few people will lose their jobs.
04:54There'll be a bit of discomfort and adjustment as new types of jobs rise.
04:58But in the end, there'll be plenty of work for everyone.
05:02I'm not the least bit concerned that that's not going to be the case, or that there will
05:06be some kind of mythical jobless future, because the history of automation just clearly shows
05:12that that is not going to be the case.
05:14It's certainly going to exceed the invention of the wheel, the invention of the airplane,
05:20the invention of the light bulb.
05:22It may, in fact, in my view, be the single most important invention in human history,
05:28and I'm not exaggerating.
05:29As we move forward, let's see the impact of automation on jobs.
05:34Statistics say that 15% of the global workforce will lose jobs.
05:38On the flip side, productivity will increase by up to 25%, and about 30% of workers will
05:45find new roles.
05:46Let's consider this real-life example.
05:49In the healthcare sector, automation could handle administrative tasks.
05:53But what about the administrative staff?
05:55Will they be retrained or seek new opportunities?
05:58The ultimate goal is to harness this technology for the widespread benefit of humanity.
06:07We're talking to Mansoor Ahmed-Rangers, the founder and CEO of Open Origins.
06:12This organization is dedicated to creating a strong foundation for real and easily checked
06:17online content.
06:19They're especially focused on the fast-changing world of AI.
06:23We seem to be developing tools without really thinking about the negative consequences of
06:27those tools.
06:28I think there's an open question about whether we'll even have enough opportunities for humans
06:34to do work.
06:35There are two visions that I've seen presented of the world.
06:39One where people are enabled by AI and are effectively just much more competent at their
06:45work.
06:46There is a second, slightly more dystopian version where organizations start wholesale
06:50replacing knowledge workers with AI tools, and I think that is a dystopian world because
06:56So we don't know the ways in which AI models will fail once they start getting used in
07:00these real-world scenarios.
07:02AIs can fundamentally change how we perceive the world.
07:06They can change what things we trust.
07:08And all of this means that we're losing our shared sense of reality.
07:13And governments have a responsibility to hold media organizations, AI companies, cybersecurity
07:18companies responsible for proving that the things they put out there into the world are
07:24things that are actually real and not AI-generated fabrications.
07:29Right now we have this attitude across society of pics or it didn't happen.
07:33But soon you're going to enter a stage where pics and it didn't happen.
07:37The existence of a photo does not mean that the event actually happened.
07:41We need tools that allow you to prove the photograph is real.
07:46It came from a real camera.
07:47It was taken at a particular place and time and that it hasn't been manipulated since
07:51it was taken.
07:52And only then should we trust those photos when we see them on our screens.
07:56We're rapidly heading towards a world where neither human experts nor computers can tell
08:02synthetic photos from real photos.
08:05And that will fundamentally change how we interact with each other over the internet,
08:09over television, over any form of telecommunications.
08:11If you can't trust that a photo being sent to you represents some form of reality, how
08:15do you trust anything on the internet?
08:18I think in the immediate short term, the most important role that governments have
08:23is to protect the copyright, the intellectual property of human workers.
08:28A lot of the training data that has been used by companies to train AI models was trained
08:33without the consent of the copyright holders.
08:35It was trained without the consent of the individuals who might have been creating this
08:39content under the assumption of some sort of privacy.
08:42There is an untold amount of confidential stuff that is embedded into the models that
08:48back these AI technologies.
08:51Right now, AI companies are scraping content off the internet.
08:55Companies are using the outputs of their employees to train AI models and then firing them.
08:59I think this is an unethical way to do business.
09:01And I think that that is on the whole destructive for creativity and just the human experience.
09:07You need to ask people before you use their stuff to make your models that make you billions
09:11of dollars.
09:12Content authenticity is a growing concern.
09:15Only 40% of people can distinguish real and AI-generated photos, 85% of users demand proof
09:22of authenticity, and 30% of online photos are suspected to be manipulated.
09:28Addressing this issue involves both ethical and technological solutions, from obtaining
09:33copyright consent to using AI for supervision, with companies like Open Origins leading the
09:38way.
09:39Take, for instance, the world of online dating.
09:42How can platforms ensure authentic profile pictures?
09:46What steps can be taken to protect the integrity of news media and prevent public deception?
09:53In the rapidly evolving AI world, an initiative launched by the Mayor of London illustrates
09:58the swift adoption of technology and the challenges facing both employers and employees.
10:04We're joined by Albin Remy, Head of Innovation and Life Sciences at London & Partners, who
10:09is also an experienced entrepreneur involved with scaling businesses across Europe.
10:14So AI, simply put, is the ability for machines to perform tasks that would otherwise require
10:22human intelligence.
10:23It's very much an evolution, a transformation, not a revolution.
10:28Just here where we are now in King's Cross, we've got 42,000 people living and working
10:33with companies like Meta, Google, walking distance from here, which obviously hire a
10:38lot of people that will work in some shape or form with AI.
10:44We've seen in the latest IBM research that 46% of executives are now looking at re-skilling
10:50their workforce, already re-skilling their workforce.
10:53The learning technologies that have been booming during COVID, where everyone was learning
10:58from home, will carry on being used for that purpose in many years to come.
11:04This is really exciting to see that shift of work now using AI in multiple industries.
11:10When talking about policies, it's really important to understand that it requires a convergence
11:16between the three pillars of the economy, which are the regulators, obviously, the public
11:22services, but also the research and education institutions, as well as the private sectors.
11:28All these three parties need to talk together, ask the right questions, and try and find
11:35solutions together.
11:36It's very much a convergence of opinions and solutions.
11:40So I think that collaboration is key when looking at the policies and the way to make
11:45AI safe, transparent, and efficient.
11:48We feel that it is really important to get AI that is safe for people to use, that is
11:54transparent, that people can build trust into the technology.
11:58They understand what they're dealing with, and it's efficient, and it brings positive
12:03to people's lives, but also to work.
12:08Re-skilling the workforce is more important than ever.
12:1158% of executives are investing in re-skilling, and the e-learning industry has seen a 900%
12:18growth since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
12:21The future of the AI economy rests on three pillars, regulatory bodies, public services,
12:28and research and educational institutions.
12:30These entities play a crucial role in guiding both employers and workers.
12:35What's unfolding in London could very well set the precedent for major cities worldwide.
12:40Consider this scenario.
12:42As companies invest heavily in automation, how can they ensure that their workforce is
12:46not left behind, but is instead re-skilled to meet new challenges?
12:53Let's dive into our interview with Nigel Toome, CEO of Graphcore, producer of intelligence
12:58processing units, the technology shaping global machine intelligence.
13:03Nigel has successfully led and founded several innovative silicon companies.
13:09One of the challenges we're going to face with AI is jobs are going to change.
13:15Everybody worries about their job being replaced by AI, but actually very few jobs can be fully
13:20automated away.
13:21What AI will be able to do is to make jobs better, take away some of the routine tasks
13:28that people have done before, but in some cases, people are going to have to retrain.
13:32We talked about how teachers are going to work in a very different way from how they're
13:38teaching a class today.
13:40They're going to become much more like mentors and tutors to the children, and so the teachers
13:46are going to have to change the way that they work.
13:50That's maybe a simple example, but maybe there are other cases where people will actually
13:53have to take on different work and operate in different ways.
13:57So I think one of the key things government are going to have to do is to help ensure
14:02that people are able to retrain and continue to retrain throughout their life.
14:10Everybody's today talking about generative AI, how generative AI is able to, for example,
14:16create a nursery rhyme or a story for your children, for a bedtime story, and you can
14:23feed into it the characters that they like, even their teddy bears or whatever into the
14:28story, and it will produce this amazing story, but that's not really the point of generative
14:32AI.
14:33The point of generative AI is you're able to get that output from just telling the AI
14:40what to do, what it is you want.
14:42You're speaking to it in your language.
14:44You're not having to program the machine, and what this is going to do is it's going
14:49to allow people to use computers in new ways, and now everyone will be able to get computers
14:55to do something useful.
14:56We'll be able to get them to do amazing things, and we're going to see a rapid progress in
15:01how this evolves.
15:02Everyone will be able to create computer games.
15:04The positive benefits are enormous from this technology, but equally, it's an incredibly
15:10powerful tool, and we need to be careful.
15:13If you think about doctors, doctors take the Hippocratic oath that they will do no harm.
15:19It's almost like we need developers of these AI systems to take a similar oath that they're
15:24not going to do harm, because it's not the AI that's responsible.
15:29It's the people who develop the AI systems.
15:32It's the people who deploy the AI systems who have that potential to do harm.
15:37In the discourse about the future of jobs, the numbers tell an interesting story.
15:42Only 5% of all occupations can be fully automated.
15:4680% of educators believe technology enhances learning.
15:50Generative AI has the potential to increase content creation rates by 40%.
15:55Nigel Toon sees AI as a game changer.
15:59For him, it's also about setting ethical guidelines like the Hippocratic oath for doctors.
16:04Take the gig economy.
16:06Freelance writers and designers could face huge competition from generative AI.
16:11What responsibilities do platforms like Upwork or Fiverr have in ensuring a fair play for
16:17human talent?
16:19Let's listen to Professor Karl-Benedikt Frey, a Swedish-German economist based at Oxford
16:25University.
16:26In 2013, Frey co-authored the famous study, The Future of Employment, How Susceptible
16:32Are Jobs to Computerization?
16:34Frey has served as an advisor and consultant to international organizations, think tanks,
16:40governments, and businesses.
17:10Chatterbitty does quite well in text communication.
17:13Yes, if you prompt it to write a letter in the style of William Shakespeare, it will
17:19provide a good suggestion, but William Shakespeare already existed, right?
17:24If you're, you know, not a particular talented writer, well, you can become an average writer
17:28with the help of Chatterbitty, and so what that means is that we're going to see more
17:32competition in those type of professions rather than being eliminated, and I think
17:40a useful analogy to think about this is what Uber did to taxi services, right?
17:45And as a result of GPS technology and as a result of the Uber app, a lot of people with
17:52just a driver's license can all of a sudden become a taxi driver, but there will also
17:57be outright job losses, right?
17:59So if you think of autonomous vehicles, they're not here yet, but when they arrive, bus drivers,
18:05truck drivers, taxi drivers, many of these jobs will be automated away, as will a lot
18:11of jobs in call centers, people doing more sort of predictive work, like loan officers
18:17and insurance clerks and so on, right?
18:20So we need to make sure that we continue to teach some of these skills, even though if
18:25AI is improving in that domain.
18:27Secondly, we need to teach the kind of things that AI doesn't do as well, right?
18:32So if AI writes your love letters and everybody else's, the first date becomes even more important
18:39and the same sort of logic can be applied to most situations, right?
18:44In-person communication is going to become increasingly valuable in the age of artificial
18:50intelligence.
18:51So we need to teach students to interact, think in creative ways.
18:56That means, you know, smaller classes, writing essays, debating and discussing and so on.
19:02Certain jobs are more endangered than others.
19:05Bus, truck and taxi drivers make up 29% of jobs likely to disappear.
19:11Roles in call centers or insurance make up another 24%.
19:1545% of future jobs will require skills in social interaction and creativity where AI
19:21has limitations.
19:23We can anticipate the creation of many new jobs that are yet to be defined.
19:27Under the case of drivers, as autonomous vehicles become more prevalent, what responsibilities
19:33do companies like Uber or Lyft have in ensuring a smooth transition for their drivers into
19:38new roles?
19:41A compelling viewpoint on the future of work offers Joseph B. Fuller, an American academic
19:47and management consultant who currently serves as a professor of management practice at the
19:51Harvard Business School.
19:53He is the co-founder of the Monitor Group, now known as Monitor Deloitte.
19:58In five years, not only will you be able to have AI write at least a plausible script,
20:05you will actually be able to have Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman look like they're
20:11acting in your movie.
20:14The treatment of AI in the popular imagination and press is a bit hysterical.
20:20AI looks to be exactly like previous technological revolutions.
20:25Yes, it will disrupt existing jobs, but importantly, it's going to create a raft of new jobs.
20:33When the first computer-supported spreadsheets came out, there were regular articles and
20:39very distinguished periodicals that said, this will be a plague for all the accountants
20:44and all the financial analysts because they'll all be replaced by these spreadsheets.
20:49Quite the opposite happened.
20:51Having the tool enhanced the utility of having such people, and now there are more of them.
20:57So a lot of the models will say about 80% of jobs will be at least 10% affected.
21:04So the nature of the task will be sped up or offloaded to AI.
21:08But when you get a lot of white-collar work, it's percentage of like 50%.
21:14People are going to have to get good at prompts.
21:16They're going to have to understand AI in the same way they understand other sources.
21:22Is what this technology is telling me, does it make sense?
21:26Does it fit with my understanding of the data?
21:29So we're going to have to really apply our technical problem-solving skills to which
21:36were historically applied to questions like, where am I going to find any information about
21:39this?
21:40To how do I structure my requests for the information?
21:43But then what can I safely derive from this information?
21:49I think that AI will have the possibility of being a boon to a lot of society, particularly
21:55a society that is suffering from declining birth rates, older populations, and growth
22:00distortions in income capacity globally.
22:04AI can address manpower shortages and be a great leveler about global incomes and standards
22:11of living.
22:12And that's what I'm anticipating.
22:13In 2023, the impact of AI on the jobs is a hot topic.
22:1877% of people are concerned that AI will cause job loss in the next year.
22:23However, research estimates that AI will create a staggering 97 million jobs and the AI market
22:30will reach $407 billion by 2027.
22:34Professor Fuller offers a balanced perspective, envisioning AI as a tool that when used with
22:39common sense can be an equalizer.
22:42He sees the technology as a way to democratize access to jobs and education, particularly
22:48for those in need.
22:49The question remains, what strategies can they employ to safeguard their financial future?
22:59Our guests from diverse backgrounds and experiences have shared invaluable insights into the ever
23:04evolving shape of artificial intelligence.
23:08From the bustling streets of London to the heart of Silicon Valley, we've seen how AI
23:12is rapidly integrating into our daily lives.
23:15Initiatives like the one launched by the mayor of London are setting the pace for cities
23:19around the world, highlighting the need for regulation and trust in this transformative
23:25technology.
23:26As we conclude this episode, we've witnessed a shared vision among our guests.
23:31They see AI as a catalyst for positive change, one that can empower individuals and democratize
23:37opportunities.
23:38It is an exciting journey that promises to transform our world.