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00:00Hi kids, today we will learn about a subcategory of models known as semi-models.
00:10So let's start.
00:14First of all we will revise what are model verbs.
00:19Model verbs are placed under the category of auxiliaries or helping verbs.
00:25They tell us about the modality of a sentence, which is the way in which something happens
00:31or is experienced.
00:36Modality in the speaker's voice gives a sense of his mood and also tells us about the obligation
00:42on the listener to carry out the action.
00:46For example, you must not honk near a hospital.
00:51The speaker is strictly telling the listener not to honk near the hospital.
00:58You may go to play in the evening.
01:02In this sentence, the speaker is granting a choice to the listener.
01:07He may or may not go out to play.
01:11You should respect your elders.
01:13Here, the speaker is giving an advice to the listener.
01:19So you may have observed how the usage of verbs like must, may, and should make a huge
01:27difference in the meaning of a sentence.
01:30We learned about the following models in the previous assignment.
01:35Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must, had to.
01:45Now we will learn what are semi-models.
01:49Ought to, used to, need, and dare, these are some semi-models.
01:58Semi-models are called so because in some ways they behave like model verbs and in some
02:04ways they behave like main verbs.
02:08Let's see how the following verbs behave differently from true models one by one.
02:14First one is ought to.
02:17Ought to is called a semi-model which nearly conveys the meaning of the model verb should.
02:25It is called a semi-model because like main verbs it is always followed by to which is
02:32called the infinitive form.
02:35You ought to apologize to him.
02:39Ought is different from true model because true models like can, may, must never form
02:47infinitives and ought followed by to forms an infinitive but they have similarity with
02:56model that is they do not change for tense, person, and number so let's revise.
03:05Models are similar with models as they do not change for tense, person, and number but
03:13the similarity from the models is they are followed by to and form infinitives and model
03:21verbs do not form infinitives.
03:25Let's have two examples.
03:29You ought to apologize to him.
03:33You ought to have closed the door.
03:37In two sentences we have used the semi-model ought to.
03:42In the first sentence ought to is used with the present form of the verb apologize and
03:49also third person pronoun him is used.
03:55And in the second sentence ought to is used with the past form of the verb closed and
04:01is used with the second person pronoun you.
04:06And you can see in both the sentences ought to does not change its form.
04:13So semi-models do not change their form for tense, person, or number like true models.
04:21The semi-model ought to has very similar meaning with the model verb should.
04:28So you can also write the same sentence as you should have closed the door.
04:35Both the sentences mean the same as ought to and should are very similar in meanings.
04:45Here we have another example.
04:48I think we ought to visit Aunt Merle.
04:52Here ought to is used with the past form of the verb and it is used with first person
04:59pronoun I.
05:02They ought to play in the park instead of the road.
05:06Here again ought to is used with the present form of the verb and with second person plural
05:12pronoun they.
05:15But for both examples ought to does not change its form.
05:20So ought to doesn't change its form for tense, person, and number.
05:27And we have already seen that ought to and should have very nearly similar meanings.
05:35So we learned like the model verb should, ought to is also used to express that something
05:43is necessary or to give some suggestion and to give a advice.
05:51Now let's see some examples of the uses of ought to.
05:56If I say we ought to go to the amusement park today, it means that it is an advice from
06:04my side that we should go to the amusement park.
06:09Next example, you ought to see a dentist.
06:13Now here I mean it is my suggestion that you should go to the doctor.
06:19And if I say, with air tickets this expensive, the in-flight meals ought to be free.
06:28It means that it is my personal view on something which seems acceptable to me.
06:35Now let's learn how to make negative sentences with ought to.
06:41When ought to is to be used negatively, it takes not after it.
06:48But, not is placed after the word ought and before the word to.
06:55For example, we want to make the negative form of this sentence.
07:02It ought to be easy now.
07:05We will add not after the word ought.
07:09Not after ought to.
07:13It ought not to be easy now.
07:17Let's see some sentences like this.
07:21I ought not to have ordered so much food.
07:26I ought not to go inside the classroom when it is still on.
07:32Now let's see how we make interrogative sentences using ought to.
07:37When we make an interrogative sentence using ought to, we interchange the position of the
07:44subject with the verb ought to, but only the word ought goes to the first position
07:52and to still remains at its previous position.
07:58Let's have examples.
08:01We ought to find some place to eat.
08:05We have to make an interrogative sentence from this sentence, so we have to interchange
08:12the position of subject and the verb.
08:16Here the subject is we and the verb is ought to, so the interrogative sentence will be
08:24like, ought we to find some place to eat?
08:29You can see that we put the verb ought before the subject we, but the word to remains at
08:37the same place.
08:40Now let's have some more interrogative sentences with the verb ought to.
08:47Ought we to drive so fast?
08:50Ought we to have gone to the cafeteria?
08:53Ought we to lock the gate?
08:56We can also omit the word to, which comes after the subject in interrogative sentence.
09:05Ought we find some place to eat?
09:08Ought we to drive so fast?
09:11Ought we to have gone to the cafeteria?
09:14Ought we to lock the gate?
09:17So we learned that the verb ought to is called a semi-model as it behaves both like the true
09:24model and a main verb.
09:27It conveys nearly the same meaning as that of the model verb should.
09:33So let's learn about another model verb of the same kind, and it is used to.
09:41Like ought to, used to is called a semi-model as like main verbs, it is also followed by
09:48to and makes an infinitive form.
09:53It is used to speak about a past habit, condition, or fact, which means that we use the verb
10:01used to when we talk about the actions that happened with regularity in the past, but
10:08are no longer happening.
10:11Now let's have some examples.
10:14I used to go fishing when I was in graduation.
10:19We used to be very good friends back then.
10:22This car used to belong to my brother.
10:26So in these sentences, the verb used to is used to tell about those actions that happened
10:34very often in the past, but they don't happen anymore.
10:39Now let's learn making negative sentences with the verb used to.
10:45When we make the negative sentences with the verb used to, we use didn't.
10:53This is also one of the reasons that used to is called a semi-model, as only main verbs
10:59take don't or didn't for forming negative sentences.
11:06I didn't used to like tea.
11:08I didn't used to live in Nova Scotia.
11:12I didn't used to watch so many movies.
11:16Now let's learn how to make interrogative sentences with the verb used to, with the
11:22help of did or didn't before the subject.
11:28Did you used to like tea?
11:31Didn't you used to live in Nova Scotia?
11:35Didn't you used to watch so many movies?
11:39So we learned that the verb used to is called a semi-model because it forms infinitive with
11:46the word to.
11:49The negative and interrogative sentences with used to also take did or didn't.
11:58So semi-models are different from true models because they behave as models as well as main
12:05verbs.
12:07We will learn about two more semi-models, need and dare, in our next section.
12:13Now you may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more.
12:17Bye-bye!
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