The History of Gujarat Through Animation UPSC GS1 StudyIQ IAS
The History of Gujarat Through Animation UPSC GS1 StudyIQ IAS
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00:00Welcome to StudyIQ, my name is Adesh Singh.
00:14Friends, till now we have discussed on many topics,
00:18but today we will take you to a unique state,
00:21which is situated on the shore of India's longest sea.
00:25Where the world's largest white desert was located.
00:29Which is the home of the Asian lions.
00:31Where the country's first ocean national park was opened.
00:35Not only this, but this state, which has more than 4000 years of history,
00:39and is a symbol of art and craftsmanship,
00:42still lives with its rich heritage and its original colors of cultural traditions.
00:48This state is as connected to its culture as it is modern.
00:54This culture is mixed with art, beliefs, rituals, traditions, institutions, inventions, language,
01:00entrepreneurship and values.
01:03This state, which is connected to history,
01:06becomes a confluence of many religions, Hinduism, Islam, Jainism and Buddhism.
01:10This is the same state that gave Mahatma Gandhi, a world-famous leader,
01:14and Vallabhbhai Patel, an iron man.
01:17And in the present, gave the country's Prime Minister, Narendra Modi.
01:21By now you must have understood which state we are talking about.
01:25Yes, this is yours, ours and all of us, Gujarat.
01:30It is believed that the name of Gujarat, which spread in 1,96,024 square kilometers,
01:36was named after the Gurjar tribe.
01:39Who came here and settled in the 5th century AD.
01:42But in the sand of time, many cultures around the world
01:46left their footprints on the sand of Gujarat.
01:49Then what Parsi and what Turk, what Iranian and what African nationalities,
01:54all went on to make Gujarat their home.
01:57In this way, today the importance of this state is not only of businessmen,
02:00but also because of the prosperous history here.
02:03So let's travel back in time and see how Gujarat was finally developed.
02:12Gujarat, located on the western coast of India,
02:15has had a prosperous history since ancient times.
02:18The history of Gujarat began with the settlements of the Stone Age.
02:21And after that, settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization,
02:24such as Chalcolithic and Bronze Age came.
02:28Many remains of the Stone Age have been discovered
02:31at the foot of the Sabarmati, Mahi and Nichli Narmada rivers of Gujarat.
02:35Middle Paleolithic sites are found in Kutch, Jamnagar, Panchmahal,
02:39Hirangati of Saurashtra and Vapi and Lavacha of Valsad district.
02:44Visadi, Panchmahal, Bhamaria, Kantali, Palanpur and Vavari
02:48Upper Paleolithic Age sites have also been discovered.
02:52Middle and Late Paleolithic artifacts include
02:55hand axes, cleavers, cutting tools, borers, points and scrapers.
03:01In Saurashtra, stone age tools have also been found
03:04in Kutch and Bhadar river areas.
03:07There are more than 700 such places in Gujarat,
03:10which indicate pre-Chalcolithic and Chalcolithic periods
03:13using communities from 7000 BC to 2000 BC.
03:21Excavations carried out in Lothal show that
03:24this area was part of the rich Indus Valley Civilization of 3700 BC,
03:30which connected Sabarmati with trade routes in Sindh.
03:33Gujarat, rich in vast coastal areas, was the gateway to the Middle East.
03:38It was also the main port city of the Upper Paleolithic Age.
03:42Linguistics and archaeologists believe that
03:45it is possible that during the Middle Rig Vedic period,
03:48there were Dravid-speaking people living in Gujarat,
03:51which is determined by the Dravid names of the places in Gujarat.
03:55However, there is no mention of Gujarat in Vedic literature.
03:58However, there is no written inscription of ancient times.
04:01The first known is about Historian Chandragupta Maurya,
04:05who conquered some parts of this region around 322 BC to 294 BC
04:11and appointed Pushyamitra,
04:14who ruled the region from Junagadh.
04:17Emperor Ashoka also left his heritage here as his kingdom
04:20on the cliffs near Junagadh.
04:23At about the same time, Demetrius had invaded Gujarat from Greece,
04:27but could not establish a strong hold.
04:30Friends, around 1st century AD, he was the chief ruler,
04:33who ruled some parts of Gujarat for about 400 years.
04:37During this period, great warrior Rudra Daman Pratham
04:40established the Kardamka dynasty.
04:43It was ruled on the banks of Narmada from Bharuch to Punjab.
04:47In Gujarat, several battles were fought between
04:50the South Indian Satavahana Rajvansh and the western warriors.
04:54The greatest ruler of the Satavahana Rajvansh was
04:57Gautami's son Satakarni, who defeated the western warriors
05:01and won some parts of Gujarat in 2nd century AD.
05:05Chandragupta Dvitiya, the successor of Samudragupta,
05:08finally won over the western enemies
05:11and took over Gujarat.
05:14Chandragupta Dvitiya, after his victory over the western enemies,
05:17assumed the post of Vikramaditya.
05:20But in the middle of the 5th century, with the fall of the Gupta Empire,
05:24a general of the Guptas, Maitraka and the commander Bhatarka,
05:27took advantage of the situation.
05:29And in 470 A.D., he established the Maitraka kingdom,
05:33whose capital was situated near Bhavnagar in Vallabhipur.
05:37The Maitraka kingdom was spread to Malwa and Pathar.
05:41And they were also famous for their knowledge.
05:45This Rajvansh lasted from 475 to 767 A.D.
05:49In the beginning of the 8th century, some parts of Gujarat
05:52were ruled by the Rajvansh of the South Indian Chalukya.
05:56But in the beginning of the 8th century,
05:59the Arabs of Umayyad Caliphate established an empire,
06:02which spread from Spain in the west to Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east.
06:07In the 8th century, the Arab rulers tried to expand their empire
06:11and attacked Gujarat.
06:13According to the book Political History of the Chalukya of Badami by Durga Prasad Dixit,
06:18the Chalukya emperors fought many times with the Umayyad armies.
06:22But the Arab invaders were defeated by the Chalukya commander Pulkeshin.
06:26After this victory, the Arab invaders were expelled from Gujarat.
06:30For the security of Gujarat, Pulkeshin was appointed
06:33by Vikramaditya II as the protector of the people of the earth.
06:39After this, in the end of the 8th century, the Kannauj-Tribhuj period began.
06:44During this period, the northern part of Gujarat
06:47was ruled by the North Indian Gurjar Pratihar Rajvansh.
06:50And the southern part of Gujarat was ruled by the South Indian Rashtrakut Rajvansh.
06:55After this, the Solankees took over.
06:58But before moving towards the rule of the Solankees,
07:01it is also necessary to know about an incident that took place in this period.
07:05Between the 8th and 10th centuries,
07:07to avoid the persecution of Muslim invaders,
07:10people of the Zoroastrian community left Greater Iran
07:13and settled in the western borders of India i.e. Gujarat and Sindh.
07:18Later, these Zoroastrian refugees were called Parsi in India.
07:28The Rajputs ruled Gujarat from 960 to 1243.
07:33The Solankees were the descendants of the Chalukyas,
07:36who ruled some parts of West and Central India from 10th to 13th century.
07:41In their rule, Gujarat developed as a centre of art and literature.
07:46The capital of the Solankees, Anilwara or Patan,
07:49was one of the largest cities in India with a population of about 100,000 in 1000 AD.
07:55The Solankee ruler Karnadeva I ruled from 1064 to 1094 CE
08:02and expanded the area to include the Konkan areas.
08:06He even built a temple and established Karnavati,
08:10which later became known as Ahmedabad.
08:13After him, his son Siddharaj Jai Singh I sat on the throne
08:17and became the famous ruler of the Solankee dynasty.
08:20Patan shone in his rule and became a prosperous city.
08:24Coincidentally, Ahmedabad was made in the form of Patan.
08:27The generations became his successors, but could not get ahead of him.
08:31In 1243, Gujarat was taken by the Solankees
08:35and was replaced by the Samant Vaghela in Gujarat.
08:40The Vaghela Dynasty
08:42Vaghela was located in the north-west of Gujarat in the city of Dholka.
08:46After the fall of the Solankees, he came to power
08:49and maintained stability in this region until the 13th century.
08:52Karnadeva was the last person of the Vaghela dynasty to rule Gujarat.
08:56This was the time when Muslim invaders had started invading Gujarat.
09:01There is an interesting story.
09:03According to the thinker of the 14th century Jain historian Merutung, Shreni,
09:07Karnadeva Vaghela had abducted his prime minister Madhava's wife Roop Sundari.
09:13After which Madhava went to Delhi and convinced Alauddin Khilji to attack Gujarat.
09:19This happened and Karnadeva lost his kingdom and his wife Kaularani
09:23and his daughter Deval Devi to the hands of the Turkish Sultan.
09:27This story was also supported by the 15th century scholar Kanha Dade Prabandh
09:31and the 17th century historian Munhot Nancy.
09:35Karnadeva of the Vaghela dynasty was the last Hindu ruler of Gujarat.
09:40After the defeat of Alauddin Khilji in 1297, Gujarat was annexed to the Delhi Sultanate
09:46and Gujarat left the hands of the Rajputs forever.
09:50But in the midst of all this, the Champaner of Gujarat should also be mentioned,
09:54which is currently a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
09:57And once upon a time, it was a royal city,
10:00which was established and ruled by the Vanraja Chawra of the Chawra dynasty.
10:04He ruled the state during the 8th century
10:07and named the city after his friend and the commander of his army Champa.
10:12After the Chawra, the Khichi Chauhan Rajputs occupied the Pawagadh fort of Champaner
10:18until Mehmood Begada attacked it in 1482
10:22and did not win after a 20-month siege.
10:26He changed its name to Muhammadabad,
10:29but relocated his capital Ahmedabad.
10:32In Champaner, there is a magnificent Jama Masjid built by Sultan Begada,
10:36which now makes the journey of this ruined fort city meaningful.
10:41After this, in 1535, the army of Humayun occupied this fort.
10:47Islamic Invasion
10:49Around 1297 AD, Alauddin Khilji attacked Gujarat from Delhi,
10:55which paved the way for Muslim rule in this area,
11:00which lasted for the next 400 years.
11:02However, this was not the first time that Muslims had invaded.
11:05Mehmood Ghaznavi attacked Gujarat around 1026 AD,
11:10but his intention was to plunder.
11:13It was Alauddin Khilji who finished the rule of the Vagela dynasty under Karan Dvitiye
11:18and established a strong foothold here.
11:21Soon after this, the Tughlaq dynasty was established in Delhi,
11:24whose emperor launched an campaign to suppress the rebellion in Gujarat.
11:28And by the end of the 14th century, he established his firm control over this region.
11:33But the local Viceroy Safar Shah declared independence after the weakening of the grip
11:38and appointed Sultan Muzaffar Shah as his successor.
11:41After the attack of Taimur on Delhi, the Delhi Sultanate became very weak.
11:46Therefore, the last Tughlaq governor, Jafar Khan,
11:49declared himself independent in 1407
11:52and established the Gujarat Sultanate.
11:55The next Sultan, his grandson Ahmed Shah Pratham,
11:58established the new capital Ahmedabad in 1411.
12:02During the rule of Mehmood Begada, the prosperity of the Sultanate reached its peak.
12:07He subdued most of the Rajput leaders
12:10and built nine armies on the bank of the Deva.
12:13In 1509, after the battle of Deva, the Portuguese took Deva from the Gujarat Sultanate.
12:19In 1520, the Rana Sangha of Mewar attacked Gujarat with the powerful Rajput Sangh
12:25of 52,000 Rajputs supported by their three landlords.
12:30And defeated Nizam Khan's Muslim army and captured northern Gujarat.
12:35Thus, the fall of the established Sultanate in Gujarat began with the murder of Sikandar Shah in 1526.
12:41But it ended in 1573, when after the defeat of Bahadur Shah by Akbar's armies,
12:47once again this region came back under the rule of Delhi Mughal, which went up to the rise of the Marathas.
12:53In 1758, Momin Khan surrendered in front of the Marathas, which was a symbol of their sovereignty.
13:01Marathas
13:03By the 17th century, the Muslim rulers could not maintain their strong grip
13:08and the Marathas were becoming a major power.
13:11Shivaji attacked Surat in 1664 and 1672.
13:16The Peshwas established their rule over some parts of Saurashtra and Gujarat.
13:21Damaji Gaikawad and Kadambande established a fort in Baroda with Gaikawad and ruled the areas.
13:29The Marathas had become very weak due to their strong internal art up to the 18th century.
13:34The British took advantage of this quality,
13:37who were establishing a strong presence through their East India Company to obtain control over the treachery.
13:45In 1802, Madhavrao Gaikawad joined forces with the British and finally lost control.
13:53British Rule and Portuguese Colonials
13:56After the 1800 ECV, this region became under British rule.
14:01After the revolt of 1857-58, the entire land of Gujarat became a part of the British territory,
14:07which included an area of 10,000 square miles with many Indian states.
14:12Long before the East India Company took over Gujarat,
14:15the Dutch, French, British and Portuguese had already established their bases in the coastal areas of Gujarat since the 1600s.
14:23European observers who came to India in the 16th century write in their memoirs that
14:28Gujarat was very prosperous at that time,
14:31whose wealth can be estimated from the fact that
14:34the custom revenue from Gujarat alone in the 1570s was three times the total revenue of the Portuguese Empire in Asia.
14:44Technically speaking, Portugal was the first European power to settle in Gujarat,
14:49which later occupied many different places in the coastal areas of Gujarat,
14:54after the Battle of Div and the signing of the Basin Treaty.
15:00These few enclosures were completely ruled by the Portuguese for more than 450 years.
15:06Gujarat has been famous for its contribution to the freedom struggle of India.
15:11Some of the most prominent names who pushed the British out of India and pushed the motherland towards freedom are
15:17Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai, Mahadev Desai, Ravi Shankar Vyas etc.
15:24In 1947, Gujarat was included in the state of Bombay with Indian independence.
15:31In 1956, the state was expanded to include Kutch and Saurashtra.
15:40Saurashtra became a part of Bombay, the region of Gujarat and Kutch,
15:44in which some parts of the former Bombay Presidency were also included.
15:48It was Indulal Yagnik who led the movement for a separate Gujarat state.
15:53And on 1st May 1960, Gujarat came into existence along with Maharashtra,
15:58whose capital was Ahmedabad.
16:01Ahmedabad was known as Manchester of the East due to the presence of more than 100 clothing units in its time.
16:08Most of these shops have been closed and have given way to countless power rooms.
16:13Ahmedabad also gave way to Gandhinagar.
16:16A modern city, which was planned to become the capital of Gujarat in 1971 on the basis of Chandigarh.
16:23By the way, Gujaratis are peaceful, businessmen and are more inclined to do their work.
16:28However, at times, the tension kept on rising.
16:31Some communal riots took place,
16:33the most terrible of which was probably in 1969.
16:38In 2001, there was a devastating earthquake in the state,
16:41whose center was in Kutch.
16:43And then in 2002, the state was shaken by the infamous communal violence known as Godhra Kand.
16:49Small political upheavals took place,
16:51and politicians successfully played the game of turning the tables.
16:55While in earlier years, there was a pressure from Congress,
16:58in recent years, BJP has come into power,
17:01especially after Narendra Modi's extraordinary speech,
17:04who became the Chief Minister of the state and the Prime Minister of India.
17:08Conclusion
17:10So friends, this was our Gujarat.
17:12Gujarat, which extends to the Arabian Sea,
17:14is famous for its beaches, temples, palaces and historical palaces.
17:19Wild animals, mountainous resorts and natural beauty
17:23add to its beauty.
17:26One of the main attractions of the state,
17:28is the only residential area of Asian lions in India,
17:31and the Indo-Saracenic architecture of Jangli Gadha Abhyaranya and Ahmedabad.
17:36The colourful tribal villages of Kutch also enhance the beauty of this state.
17:41The vast coastline of Gujarat is home to a myriad of marine species,
17:46and it is said that its diverse geographical locations
17:49make it a mixture of culture, people, places and history.
17:53Today, Gujarat is India's most progressive and prosperous state.
17:57It is the largest producer of pre-cultured diamonds in the world.
18:01The share of pre-cultured diamonds in the world is 72%,
18:04and 80% of India's diamond production.
18:07With this, we end our discussion here.
18:10But considering the relevance of UPSC prelims,
18:13we are leaving a question for you,
18:16which you can answer in the comments section of this video.
18:20Which of the following was the last dynasty to rule over Gujarat
18:24before it passed on to the hands of Alauddin Khilji, Sultan of Delhi?
18:281. Vaghela dynasty
18:302. Gaikavad dynasty
18:323. Solanki dynasty
18:34or 4. Sindhiya dynasty
18:40IAS
18:41Now ready, affordable.