SCIENCE Behind REVIVAL After DEATH
SCIENCE Behind REVIVAL After DEATH
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00:00Can we bring a dead person back to life after death?
00:05To test this, in the early 1900s,
00:08experiments were done on dogs that would shake the heart of an ordinary person.
00:13Take a look at this clip.
00:14This is not a living dog,
00:16but a dead dog with its severed head connected to a machine
00:21that mimics the heart and lungs.
00:24Now, in this scene,
00:26as soon as the scientist puts citric acid on the dead dog's face,
00:30it starts licking it.
00:32But this was not the only proof of responsiveness in the dead dog.
00:36When a light is turned on in its eyes,
00:38or a hammer is knocked on a table,
00:41it responds to those stimuluses,
00:44which just proves that the dog was not only biologically alive,
00:47but was also conscious of what was happening around it.
00:51But now the question arises, how?
00:54I mean, apart from the brain, heart, and lungs,
00:57other organs also need proper functioning to stay alive.
01:00So, how was a dead dog brought back to life
01:02just by giving blood and oxygen?
01:05And has any such experiment ever been tried on humans?
01:09If yes, then what exactly happened to them?
01:13Well, today we will learn in detail about these scientific experiments on the revival of dead.
01:18Because, you know, there are many such cases in our society.
01:22For example, just a few days ago,
01:23an open-armed girl was murdered in a Bangalore PG.
01:27Sometimes, someone is killed in the middle of the road
01:29and the spectators get confused as to what to do.
01:32Some people don't take any action thinking that
01:34someone else will do it, so they wait.
01:37Or someone thinks that what's the point of taking action
01:39when the person is already going to die.
01:41So, in such a situation, how much time does a person have
01:45to save the life of the victim,
01:47to get him out of the jaws of death,
01:49or to bring him back to life even after death?
01:52Well, very soon, you will have answers to these questions as well.
01:55And with that, you will learn some very important life-saving skills from today's video,
02:00which can help you a lot in emergency situations.
02:04So, the fear of death is the ultimate fear for any human being.
02:09And interestingly, the experiments that brought a person back to life after death,
02:14they were even scarier than the time when scientists performed them.
02:19Today, in the age of human and animal rights,
02:21no one can even think of performing them.
02:23So, what was so special about the 100 years ago
02:27that scientists were not thinking twice about performing these cruel experiments?
02:32So, all this begins in the decade of 1914-1923,
02:37which was called the most bloody period in the history of Soviet Russia.
02:42So much so that this entire decade is still called the Reign of Death in Russia.
02:47In these 9-10 years, the time of the Soviets was so bad
02:51that whatever step they took for the benefit of their country,
02:53it would take the turn of destruction and the lives of millions of people would be lost.
02:58First of all, in 1914, the countries on its western border,
03:01Austria, Hungary and Serbia, became the center of World War I.
03:05Because of which, Russia was also dragged into that war
03:09and 2-3 million soldiers were killed.
03:12But this was just the beginning.
03:14Because after that, between 1918-1921,
03:18a civil war starts all over the country,
03:20in which mass migrations take place, epidemics spread
03:23and again, 8-10 million people are killed.
03:26And after all this, when the wars finally end
03:29and peace seems to be established in the country,
03:32in 1921, all of a sudden,
03:34all of a sudden, all of a sudden,
03:36and again, many millions of people are killed.
03:39All in all, it is said that in this sequence of events,
03:42between 1914-1923,
03:44around 15-20 million Russians died before their time.
03:48Now, how to make up for all these deaths?
03:52So well, the new Soviet government that was formed in those days,
03:55immediately implemented a new economic policy in the country,
03:58which started improving the condition of the people
04:00and they were able to leave their trauma behind and slowly move on in their lives.
04:05Except one group,
04:07Soviet scientists.
04:09After looking at death so closely,
04:11Soviet scientists started getting obsessed with death.
04:15Like literally,
04:16from the early 1920s,
04:17the books, brochures, pamphlets,
04:20or even the articles that they published,
04:22just look at their titles.
04:24Life and Death,
04:25What is Death?
04:26Death from the Point of View of Modern Science,
04:28Aging and Death,
04:29The Problems of Death and Immortality,
04:31Death and Revival,
04:32The Enigma of Death,
04:34and so on.
04:34In fact, you won't believe it,
04:36In 1924, a renowned pathologist,
04:39Georgil Shor,
04:40suggested that there should be a separate special field in science
04:44that deals only with death.
04:46And in the name of the Greek god of death, Thanatos,
04:49he even suggested the name of that scientific field.
04:51Thanatology.
04:52Meaning, as you can see,
04:54he desperately wanted to understand death.
04:56That in proper medical terms,
04:58what exactly is death?
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06:36And now let's continue our video.
06:38Now, through Soviet scientists,
06:40the pioneers of this race
06:42quickly became scientists of other countries.
06:44And now,
06:45they not only wanted to understand death
06:47on a theoretical level,
06:48but practically as well.
06:50And in this era,
06:52there were 2 scientists
06:53who were ready to go to any extent
06:56to bring a dead person back to life.
06:59The first name was Soviet scientist
07:01Sergei Brukhonenko,
07:02and the second name was
07:03American scientist Robert Cornish.
07:06Now,
07:06specifically,
07:07Robert Cornish
07:08is still known as a mad scientist.
07:11Because at that time,
07:13he was trying to bring the dead back to life
07:14with the help of a giant seesaw.
07:17So what did Cornish do?
07:19Well, he would tie a human body
07:20to a seesaw-like tethered boat.
07:23Then he would inject adrenaline
07:25and heparin-like chemicals
07:26to dilute the blood.
07:28And then he would move the tethered boat
07:31up and down to circulate the blood
07:33in the entire body with the help of gravity.
07:35His idea behind this was that
07:37oxygen would come in through the mouth and nose
07:39and then it would get into the blood
07:41and then it would start circulating
07:43in the entire body
07:44which could bring the dead back to life.
07:47So now,
07:48the million dollar question,
07:49did the dead come back to life?
07:51Well,
07:52as you can imagine,
07:53not a single dead person
07:54was brought back to life in this way.
07:56But according to Cornish,
07:57it was the dead who were at fault.
08:00No,
08:00I'm serious.
08:01Cornish believed that
08:03it had been a long time
08:04since these people died
08:05and that's why this method didn't work on them.
08:07But if this experiment was done
08:09on freshly dead people,
08:11then it could work.
08:13So Cornish again
08:14tested the same experiment
08:15on five freshly dead dogs
08:18named Lazarus 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
08:22The first three of them,
08:23as expected,
08:25died on the tethered boat.
08:27But surprisingly,
08:28the last two
08:29came back to life.
08:30Which means,
08:31Cornish was
08:32not that mad
08:33after all.
08:34And what could be the science behind this?
08:36We'll talk about that later.
08:38Because this experiment
08:39definitely,
08:40according to today's modern science understanding,
08:42looks pretty silly.
08:43But did Cornish,
08:44unknowingly,
08:46crack any code
08:48to revive the dead body?
08:50Well,
08:50to find out the answers to these questions,
08:52we'll have to shift from the USA to the USSR.
08:54Because there,
08:55Soviet scientist
08:56Sergei Brukhonenko
08:58was also going to extreme lengths
08:59to revive the dead.
09:01But,
09:02unlike Cornish,
09:03his method,
09:04according to today's standards,
09:06was a little more scientific.
09:07So much so,
09:08that in today's modern
09:09open-heart surgeries,
09:10the artificial life-support system
09:12that is used to revive the patients,
09:15is believed to be
09:16inspired by his experiments.
09:18Actually,
09:19on September 18, 1925,
09:21Sergei Brukhonenko
09:22brought a very interesting invention
09:24to the world.
09:25When he was giving a conference
09:27to all the big medical professionals
09:28in Russia,
09:30he presented a device
09:31called an auto-jector
09:33which could mimic
09:34the function of our heart and lungs.
09:37It basically had two electric pumps
09:39which were connected to the main
09:41nerves in the throat
09:41through rubber tubes.
09:43And on the other side,
09:44these two pumps
09:45were connected to an oxygenation vessel
09:48where oxygen was added to the blood.
09:50Basically,
09:51with this device,
09:51Brukhonenko's idea was
09:53that one pump would draw
09:55deoxygenated blood from the dead body
09:57and send it to the oxygenation vessel.
09:59And then,
09:59after oxygen was added to it,
10:02the other pump would inject
10:04that deoxygenated blood back into the body.
10:06And in this way,
10:07a dead creature
10:08could come back to life.
10:09Now, in the beginning,
10:10the dog-head experiment
10:12that I showed you,
10:13was actually a live demo of this.
10:15Which Brukhonenko
10:16publicly showed.
10:17And this was proof
10:19that Brukhonenko's method
10:20worked.
10:21And it was better than Cornish.
10:23But,
10:24unfortunately,
10:25the dogs that he had revived
10:27could only survive
10:28for 1 hour and 40 minutes.
10:31So, Brukhonenko found out
10:33that he had to make his technique
10:35even more foolproof.
10:37And that's why,
10:38in such a situation,
10:39do you know what his next demonstration
10:42would have been?
10:43Well,
10:43this time,
10:44he took a whole dog,
10:46then cut the main nerves in its throat
10:48and extracted all its blood
10:50so that the dog would die.
10:51Then, for about 10 minutes,
10:53he waited
10:54so that there was no chance
10:56that the dog was alive.
10:57And then, finally,
10:58after 10 minutes of death,
10:59he connected the dead body
11:00to the auto-jector
11:02and tried to revive it again.
11:17And then,
11:18look at this footage.
11:19This is the same dog
11:21that was experimented on.
11:22As you can see,
11:23it has completely recovered.
11:26As if it had never died.
11:28Which means,
11:29he literally killed a patient
11:32and revived it.
11:34Now, obviously,
11:35after this success,
11:36you will definitely ask,
11:38did Brukhonenko ever try it
11:39on humans and tell us?
11:41Well,
11:42I tried to look into academic records
11:44but personally,
11:45I didn't find any documented proof.
11:47But,
11:48this experiment
11:48made it clear
11:50that if blood and oxygen
11:52is supplied to a dead body
11:54within a 10-minute window,
11:57it can be revived.
11:59But,
12:00think about it.
12:01Why was the dog kept dead
12:02for just 10 minutes?
12:04Why not more than that?
12:05And you must have seen the same thing
12:06in movies
12:08where doctors often say
12:09that if the patient was brought
12:11to life just 10 minutes earlier,
12:12he could have been saved.
12:13Plus,
12:13you must have also seen
12:15that if someone is dying
12:17and there is a straight line
12:18on the ECG monitor,
12:20the doctor immediately
12:21injects an injection
12:24and then tries to revive
12:25the victim by giving a shock.
12:28So,
12:28is 10 minutes the final limit
12:30after which no one can be revived
12:33after death
12:34even after a critical moment?
12:37So well,
12:37to answer this question,
12:39we must first understand
12:41the process of death.
12:42Death is not a one-point event.
12:44It is a process
12:45in which there are stages
12:47through which the body goes through.
12:48Even if a person's consciousness
12:50goes into a shock,
12:51he becomes unconscious,
12:52but while dying,
12:53every body goes through
12:54that process of death.
12:56So look,
12:57when a person is dying,
12:58especially in an unnatural way,
13:00like an accident,
13:01then the body goes through
13:02four major stages.
13:03The first is shock.
13:05If there was an accident,
13:06someone fell from a height,
13:07someone shot someone,
13:08or even if someone died
13:09by hanging from a fan.
13:10In any case,
13:11that initial trauma
13:13if it causes significant
13:14blood loss
13:15or in the case of hanging from a fan,
13:17severely restricts blood flow
13:19or damages the organ,
13:21then in such a case,
13:22the body goes into a shock state
13:23due to those injuries.
13:25In this state,
13:26the body tries
13:27in any way
13:28to reach the heart, lungs, and brain,
13:29these three vital organs,
13:31at least somehow,
13:32to reach the blood.
13:33And that's why at such a time,
13:35the victim's pulse rate
13:36increases,
13:37BP drops,
13:38and non-vital organs like hands and feet
13:40start to feel pale and cold
13:42because the blood there
13:43has been diverted.
13:44Now this is a very crucial stage
13:46because in this stage,
13:48if you control the bleeding
13:49in any way,
13:50let's say,
13:51by covering the bleeding spot
13:52with a thick towel
13:54and applying pressure,
13:55then you can delay
13:57the victim's death for many hours.
13:58And that's why,
13:59if an accidental victim
14:00in front of you
14:01is bleeding heavily,
14:03try to stop the blood loss
14:05at any cost.
14:06But let's say,
14:07there is a lot of wound
14:08and the victim's body
14:09has become a kind of skin.
14:11Blood is leaking from everywhere,
14:13then what will happen?
14:14Well, in that case,
14:15the victim moves towards
14:16the second stage,
14:17which is called
14:18hypovolemic shock stage.
14:20Basically, when the bleeding
14:20becomes too much,
14:21there is not enough blood
14:22left in the veins
14:24to take it to the organs
14:25with sufficient pressure.
14:27And that's why
14:27the organs stop getting oxygen.
14:30In this situation,
14:31the victim looks weak
14:32and confused at first.
14:34And then suddenly,
14:35his breathing becomes very fast
14:37and then finally,
14:38he becomes unconscious.
14:40Now, after this stage,
14:42most of the time,
14:43you can't save a person
14:44from death at your level.
14:46And at this level,
14:47most of the accident victims
14:49also die.
14:50But actually,
14:51this can be stopped to a great extent.
14:53If only one thing
14:55can be done,
14:56about which
14:57we will talk in a while.
14:58Look, at this level,
14:59a person can only survive
15:00in a hospital or medical facility
15:03because he will have to
15:04supply extra blood
15:05and oxygen externally.
15:07If this happens,
15:08the patient's death
15:09can be delayed for some time
15:11and he can be taken out
15:13of that critical hour.
15:14But if this doesn't happen,
15:16then all the cells of the patient's organs
15:18will start dying slowly
15:21due to lack of blood and oxygen.
15:23And in such a situation,
15:24the patient will reach
15:25the third stage of death,
15:27which is called
15:28clinical death.
15:29What basically happens in this is
15:30that if the heart stops
15:32due to excessive blood loss
15:34and the breathing also stops,
15:35then there is no pulse
15:36and the monitor also
15:37starts showing a straight line.
15:39And that's why this stage is technically
15:41called clinical death
15:43when the heartbeat has stopped.
15:45Now, in the experiments of Brukhonenko,
15:47the dogs were brought back to life
15:48after 10 minutes,
15:50but actually,
15:51they were brought back
15:52from the same type of death.
15:54In most cases in this stage,
15:56the doctors have
15:57around 10 minutes
15:59to kick-start the heartbeat
16:00of the victim again.
16:02But if this doesn't happen,
16:04unfortunately,
16:05then the patient enters
16:07the final stage of dying,
16:08which is called
16:09biological death
16:11or even brain death.
16:12In this stage,
16:13because for several minutes,
16:14the brain did not get oxygen,
16:16the cells of the brain
16:17and other organs
16:18start dying rapidly.
16:20And the control of our body
16:21and organs
16:22starts getting lost.
16:24And that's why you will see
16:25that in this last stage,
16:26the victim's eyes
16:27get fixed on one thing
16:29and the pupils of the eyes
16:30dilate or spread.
16:32And unfortunately,
16:33this is the final stage
16:35of death
16:35after which
16:36nothing can be done.
16:38Millions of cells of the brain
16:40are literally dead.
16:41They cannot be brought back to life
16:43after the death of a patient.
16:45Just like a broken glass
16:47cannot be fixed
16:49in the same structure again.
16:51Sometimes, it also happens
16:53that after a clinical death,
16:54while bringing the patient back to life,
16:56the patient comes back to life,
16:57but to some extent,
16:59the cells of his brain die.
17:01And because of this,
17:01either the patient
17:02goes into a coma partially
17:04or becomes a living corpse.
17:06I mean, just think about it.
17:08His heart is only working,
17:09he is breathing,
17:11and maybe other organs
17:12are working for him.
17:13But his brain is dead.
17:15The cells of his brain
17:16are literally dead.
17:17He cannot see anything,
17:18neither can he hear anything,
17:20nor can he even feel anything.
17:22He is a living corpse
17:23with a beating heart.
17:26Take the case of the cardiac arrest patient,
17:28Carol.
17:29Her heartbeat had completely stopped
17:31due to cardiac arrest.
17:32That is, the clinical death
17:33had already happened.
17:35But,
17:35after 45 minutes,
17:37she was revived again.
17:39So, here,
17:39even the 10-minute limit
17:41was far exceeded
17:42and she was revived after 45 minutes.
17:44Dr. Sam Pernia,
17:45who is the main director of
17:47revival research at Stony Brook University,
17:49according to him,
17:50Carol is not the only such person.
17:52There are many such patients
17:54who can be revived
17:56even after a few hours of death.
17:58Basically,
17:59a technique is used
18:01to revive even after death
18:02called defibrillation.
18:04In this, the person
18:04who is experiencing clinical death,
18:06that is,
18:07whose heart is losing its natural rhythm
18:09and stopping,
18:10is given a shock
18:11and tried to revive it.
18:13You must have seen it in movies.
18:15In this, basically,
18:16there is a defibrillator machine
18:18whose two pads
18:19are touched exactly in this position
18:21in the patient's chest region
18:24and then the charge is released.
18:26Ideally,
18:27in the first shock,
18:28the patient's heart should restart
18:30and start beating
18:31with normal heartbeat.
18:33But if this does not happen,
18:34then two more attempts are made
18:36and epinephrine
18:38or vasopressin
18:39such as injections
18:40to constrict the nerves
18:42are given to increase BP
18:43so that the heart muscles
18:45get more oxygen
18:46and they can kick start
18:47in normal rhythm again.
18:49Okay,
18:49a very important thing,
18:51if the CPR is given
18:52to the patient
18:53as soon as the heart stops,
18:55then with this shock method,
18:56the chances of a person being revived
18:58increase drastically.
19:00CPR is basically a technique
19:01in which the blood is mechanically pumped
19:04from the heart
19:05by pressing the patient's chest.
19:07You can watch this video
19:09in which you will understand
19:09its basic science.
19:11This video will tell you
19:13in detail and in a very easy way.
19:14I have put the link in the description below.
19:16This technique is also very important
19:18for everyone
19:19because it can be very useful
19:20in emergencies such as heart attacks
19:21or cases of drowning.
19:23In the case of Carol,
19:24CPR was also given
19:26so that she was able to come back to life
19:27after 45 minutes.
19:28Anyway,
19:29now we have talked about all this
19:31but what can we learn from these things
19:33and how can we make this world better?
19:36As you know,
19:37we want to bring personal and social empowerment
19:39through science
19:40in the Get Set Fly Science channel.
19:42And we want to clear this thing
19:44without a doubt
19:45that science is not just a subject,
19:48but a thought.
19:49The thought of progress
19:50is a cheat code for a better life
19:51and society.
19:53So, when an accident happens in front of us
19:56or someone gets injured in a fight,
19:58then how soon should we take the victim
19:59to the hospital?
20:02In such a situation,
20:02we get confused, right?
20:04Should we take him to the hospital early
20:05or should we wait for the ambulance?
20:07So, what should we do here?
20:09Well,
20:09for this,
20:10you will have to take a decision in a very short time
20:12as to how much time the victim has left.
20:15There is a concept in the medical field
20:17called Trimodal Distribution of Trauma Deaths.
20:19In this, it can be decided
20:22on the basis of
20:23how much time the patient has left
20:24on the basis of where he has been injured.
20:26The first category here is
20:27Immediate Deaths.
20:31That is,
20:31a person can die in just a few seconds.
20:35How can this be identified?
20:36Let's say that due to the impact of the accident,
20:38a severe brain or spinal cord injury has occurred
20:40or a major blood vessel has ruptured,
20:43then in such cases,
20:44the victim survives only for a few minutes.
20:46And most of the time,
20:48in such cases,
20:49there is no chance that the patient
20:50reaches the hospital alive.
20:52Now, there are some other cases
20:54in which an immediate death can occur
20:56which you can see on the screen.
20:58Now, the second category is
20:59Early Deaths.
21:02That is,
21:02those victims who can die
21:05in a few minutes to a few hours.
21:06In this category,
21:07those people come
21:08who have had abdominal injuries
21:11or let's say,
21:13fluid has accumulated in the lungs
21:14or there is moderate bleeding
21:15throughout the body.
21:16There are some other such cases
21:18which you can also see on the screen.
21:19In these cases,
21:20with adequate first aid help,
21:22a victim can easily spend a few hours
21:25before dying.
21:25Now, what they say,
21:26after the accident,
21:27the first hour is the golden hour.
21:30It is actually
21:30for the victims of this category.
21:33Anyway, the third and final category
21:35is Late Deaths.
21:38These types of deaths
21:38are mostly quite rare
21:40and mostly occur after a few days
21:41or sometimes even after weeks.
21:43Mainly, if there is an infection
21:45near the injury site
21:47or if it is left unnoticed,
21:49then in the future,
21:50due to complications,
21:51the patient can die.
21:53Now, why is it that
21:54most of the patients
21:55die in this golden hour
21:57and how can they be saved?
21:59In this context,
22:01the situation in India is even worse.
22:03Our statistics show
22:04that today, 50% road accident deaths
22:07are only due to the fact
22:08that the victim does not get
22:10the necessary medical care
22:11in the first hour,
22:13and do you know the reason for this?
22:15Well, recently,
22:16AIIMS and NITI Aayog
22:18assessed the emergency medical services
22:19of the entire country
22:21and found out
22:22that in India,
22:2390% road ambulances
22:25do not have the necessary medical equipment.
22:2795% ambulances
22:29are operated by untrained staff
22:31and almost 98.5% ambulances
22:34do not take the patient
22:35but only take the dead to the hospital.
22:38Now, in most developed countries,
22:39the ambulances
22:40have trained medical staff present
22:43and all these necessary
22:45medical amenities are also available.
22:47With their help,
22:48these staff can easily
22:49kick-start the blood circulation
22:50of the victim again
22:52and until they reach the hospital,
22:53oxygen is also supplied
22:55through oxygen masks.
22:57In this golden hour,
22:58the most important thing
22:59is oxygen and blood,
23:01which can drastically delay
23:02the clinical death
23:04and the chances of the patient
23:05surviving the operation
23:06increase significantly.
23:07But, unfortunately,
23:09in India, these facilities
23:10are not available in most of the ambulances
23:12and many people are not even informed
23:14that they can opt willingly.
23:16And in Indian cities,
23:17the traffic is so heavy
23:18that it takes you half an hour
23:21to reach a nearby hospital.
23:22It will literally be like playing
23:25with a patient's life
23:26in this most important moment.
23:27That's why, as much as possible,
23:29in critical situations,
23:31we should always confirm
23:33and opt for an advanced life support ambulance,
23:36which has all the life support facilities
23:37mentioned earlier.
23:40Through this video,
23:41I would also like to appeal
23:43to medical and governmental authorities.
23:45According to the data,
23:45it is absolutely clear
23:47that due to the lack of proper
23:48ambulance facilities,
23:5098.5% medical emergency ambulances
23:53are only able to take the dead
23:54to the hospital.
23:56Here, we need a lot of advancement
23:57and improvement.
23:59And finally, friends,
24:00if God doesn't want you to have an accident,
24:02but an accident does happen,
24:04then please take action as soon as possible.
24:07Don't wait for someone else to take it.
24:09You know very well
24:10how important the golden hour
24:11is for any victim.
24:14If you feel that the ambulance
24:15is going to take time to come
24:17and the hospital is nearby,
24:18then you can get them
24:19admitted directly
24:21to the hospital's emergency ward.
24:22Every minute here
24:24is extremely precious.
24:26Just like a human being's life.
24:28With that said,
24:29thank you for watching this science video
24:31till the end.
24:32With the help of science,
24:33we want to make a better human
24:34and a better society.
24:36And this can only be possible
24:38with the contribution of you, me and all of us.
24:41Remember, science is not just a subject,
24:43but a perspective
24:45to see the world.
24:47Jai Hind!
24:48Jai Vigyan!
24:51And yes friends,
24:51just a reminder before leaving,
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