Powstanie Listopadowe 1830-1831 - 1980
Transcript
00:00:00We don't have a homeland.
00:00:05Only the memory survived that we had it.
00:00:09Despotism has never revealed its face to anyone like us,
00:00:14and almost shamelessly, without shame.
00:00:17Poverty to the victors!
00:00:20This is the backbone of our current existence.
00:00:25There are whistleblowers for speech.
00:00:28There are prisons for thought.
00:00:31There is censorship for writing,
00:00:33which has not existed since the times of the Spanish Inquisition under the tutelage of Torquemada.
00:00:39And yet they want to bring people to darkness
00:00:42by banning thinking, speaking and writing.
00:00:47So that they don't remember their wounds
00:00:50and don't make their complaints to the world.
00:00:53They don't remember what it was like,
00:00:56and what it can be like, to be buried alive,
00:00:59and to save the rest of enlightened Europe
00:01:02from the art of looting,
00:01:04from the system of guarantees and interfering in other people's affairs.
00:01:09You are probably guessing what this homeland is.
00:01:18In fact, it is not this sandy space of Mazovia,
00:01:23nor the Vistula, which pierces your plains with an immeasurable eye,
00:01:27nor the capital, nor the magnificent settlements of the ruling authorities,
00:01:32but it is this great thought of political independence.
00:01:37As if to dispel a flaming spark
00:01:40on the rubble and rubble of unhappy Poland,
00:01:44it was great, powerful, serious,
00:01:47driven by foreign aggression.
00:01:51Having found a shelter in the honest hearts,
00:01:56it came out of hiding again
00:01:59and sounded widely to all sides,
00:02:02attracting thousands of sons of the homeland to it.
00:02:09Even if you have to lose the Poland you have today,
00:02:18it is better to lose it
00:02:22than to have to blame the very idea of rebuilding the whole and the independent Poland.
00:02:40The Polish People's Army
00:02:44The Polish People's Army
00:02:49The Polish People's Army
00:02:54The Polish People's Army
00:02:59The Polish People's Army
00:03:04The Polish People's Army
00:03:08The Polish People's Army
00:03:19Everything's ready. We're starting.
00:03:22We can't start because we don't have a government yet.
00:03:24Who will be in charge of the uprising?
00:03:26Our duty is to start.
00:03:28The nation will join the revolution. The Sejm will decide the authorities.
00:03:31To fight for the existing authority and not have a new one ready
00:03:35is a matter of blind chance.
00:03:38A revolution without a government can only be won by the enemy
00:03:41before the nation joins it.
00:03:43We want to start, and then disappear from the scene.
00:03:47Let's not rush to power.
00:03:49Let's only fulfill our soldier's duty.
00:03:52It's not so easy to rule a revolution as to start it.
00:03:58It's better not to start
00:04:00when you can't or can't do it
00:04:04A revolution would be lost if we were in charge.
00:04:07Who knows us?
00:04:09There are no names for the country.
00:04:12No connections.
00:04:13Actions.
00:04:14Nothing but actions give birth to names.
00:04:19Who will trust us?
00:04:21Who will go with us?
00:04:22So we can't be recognized by the very beginning of the revolution.
00:04:26So the first steps of the government,
00:04:29won't make us great and known to the whole world.
00:04:32It's an ambition.
00:04:34A will to stand out.
00:04:36Imagine what we will do on our minds.
00:04:43By imprisoning the Grand Duke.
00:04:45By disarming his guards.
00:04:47By sending one column of troops to Lithuania and occupying Vilnius.
00:04:50By sending the second column to Brześć.
00:04:52If the nation doesn't trust these great actions,
00:04:55if it doesn't trust our energy, our courage,
00:04:58then why will it trust us?
00:05:00You should only think about the beginning.
00:05:02The rest is up to the nation.
00:05:13You are dreamers.
00:05:16You are trying to make a mess out of your joke.
00:05:21Mochnacki.
00:05:23Wysocki.
00:05:25Zalivski. Burda.
00:05:28In my opinion,
00:05:30the revolution will start without a government.
00:05:53THE END
00:06:13It's better to leave this to everyone
00:06:16than to risk the public opinion
00:06:21for a certain downfall.
00:06:28The decision to start the uprising was made by several factors.
00:06:32In July 1830, the revolution broke out in France.
00:06:37In August, the uprising in Belgium.
00:06:39The echo of these events is heard not only in Warsaw.
00:06:42Nicholas I announces the intervention against the revolution in the West.
00:06:45He predicts the participation of the Polish army in it.
00:06:51There is an atmosphere of uncertainty and tension in the country.
00:06:54It is deepened by social unrest,
00:06:56which clearly worsens the economic situation.
00:06:59The situation in the uprising is getting complicated.
00:07:05Its leadership is not consolidated.
00:07:08The list, apart from the supporters,
00:07:10includes a group of journalists and writers,
00:07:12as well as student circles.
00:07:14These circles are constantly on the verge of starting their actions.
00:07:17A few dates have already been set.
00:07:19They were called off at the last moment.
00:07:21The police are on the verge of a conspiracy.
00:07:24Arrests are being made.
00:07:26The Tsar is threatened with repression.
00:07:32On the 19th and 20th of November,
00:07:35his order to mobilize the Polish army is announced in Warsaw.
00:07:39The leadership of the Union makes a decision.
00:07:42It sets a new date for the uprising.
00:07:45The 29th of November.
00:07:47Even the signal of the beginning was lost.
00:07:50The badly prepared incendiary fire of the old brewery
00:07:53did not give the expected effects.
00:07:55Neither in the school near Chorążych,
00:07:57nor in the Jazdowskie Forest,
00:07:59nor in the Old Town, the signal was not detected.
00:08:02It was six o'clock. The situation is getting desperate.
00:08:05Defend!
00:08:07Defend!
00:08:09Defend!
00:08:14An hour later, Wysocki seizes the school near Chorążych.
00:08:36Poles!
00:08:38The hour of revenge has struck.
00:08:43Today, with victory or defeat,
00:08:46let's put our enemies' chests
00:08:49to be thermopiles for them.
00:08:52To Chorążych!
00:08:54Right face!
00:08:58Follow me! March!
00:09:02There are only 160 of them.
00:09:09From the Jazdowskie Forest,
00:09:11a group of 20-odd civilians and subordinates
00:09:13moves to Belweder.
00:09:15The subordinates hit the nearby barracks of the Tsar's Jazd.
00:09:18They have a momentary success.
00:09:20However, they are threatened with encirclement.
00:09:23The Belwederians join them here.
00:09:26The attack on Konstanty was unsuccessful.
00:09:32We must break through to Śródmieście.
00:09:35The shortest way is to Plac Trzech Krzyży.
00:09:38From Ordynacka Street, the reinforcements will finally arrive.
00:09:41The direction is Piękna Street.
00:09:54Near the church of St. Alexander,
00:09:56General Stankiewicz is met.
00:09:59They surround him happily
00:10:01and are sure that they will have one of Kościuszko's comrades
00:10:04at their head.
00:10:06Lead us, General!
00:10:08I swear to the love of the Fatherland!
00:10:11Stand at our head!
00:10:13You are mad!
00:10:15They are not mad.
00:10:17The whole army is behind us.
00:10:19General, lead us on!
00:10:21Lead through the city, General!
00:10:23General, lead!
00:10:25General, lead!
00:10:27General, lead!
00:10:30Children, calm down!
00:10:37Poles, to the defense!
00:10:41Mochnacki wrote down
00:10:43that while advancing through Nowy Świat,
00:10:45they were desperately trying to stop the silence
00:10:48that was still prevailing in this part of the city.
00:10:51But even then, there were no people,
00:10:54no happy shouts, no lights,
00:10:56no orange clouds.
00:11:01Poles, to the defense!
00:11:03To the defense!
00:11:05The city was sleeping.
00:11:07Poles, to the defense!
00:11:09Love everyone!
00:11:11Poles, to the defense!
00:11:13Poles, to the defense!
00:11:15Poles, to the defense!
00:11:17Poles, to the defense!
00:11:19Poles, to the defense!
00:11:21Poles, to the defense!
00:11:23This feeling, this urge
00:11:25to wake up the sleeping capital,
00:11:27should be attributed to the traces of blood
00:11:30that the Poles marked their march to the arsenal.
00:11:34In this march through the dead city,
00:11:37despair guided them.
00:11:44The Minister of War, General Hałke, fell from their bullets.
00:11:48General Nowicki fell,
00:11:50who was mistaken for the hated Czar General Lewicki.
00:11:54Colonel Maciszewski died.
00:11:56These were shots to his own delusions.
00:12:00General Trębicki was arrested.
00:12:03He was repeatedly asked to take command.
00:12:06He refused.
00:12:08Poles, to the defense!
00:12:14General, join the cause of the nation.
00:12:19Stand at our head.
00:12:21You saw what happened to the traitors.
00:12:24I will not stand at your head,
00:12:26because you are worthless.
00:12:28You are murderers.
00:12:32General, we give you time to think.
00:12:36You can take my life,
00:12:39but you will never force me.
00:12:42But you will never force me to break my faith
00:12:45in the sworn Monarch.
00:12:52With determination, they reached Długa Street.
00:12:55Here they were convinced that they were not alone.
00:13:02In the north, the uprising took over a large part of the city.
00:13:07Here they joined forces with the people of Warsaw,
00:13:10who took to the streets,
00:13:12and with Polish troops,
00:13:14who in the fight did not allow the Volhynian regiments
00:13:17to capture the key point, Arsenal.
00:13:24Here a new military factor was created,
00:13:27significant for the insurrection.
00:13:29The people of Warsaw reached for the defense.
00:13:32The leader was still not there.
00:13:35It's 10 p.m. The situation is still unclear.
00:13:38In the hands of the insurgents there are only
00:13:41Arsenal, Nalewki, Długa and Pielańska Streets.
00:13:48On Broni Square, General Rzymirski with the Russian troops.
00:13:52In Aleje Ujazdowskie, Konstanty with Yazda.
00:13:55Polish troops, which took Krasiński Square,
00:13:59Saski, Bankowy and Zamek, are hesitating.
00:14:03Generals Potocki and Krasiński demand
00:14:06Konstanty to sweep the streets with Yazda.
00:14:09Rożniecki demands the insurgents to be buried with cartridges.
00:14:14Konstanty is hesitating.
00:14:16He is not sure of the Polish troops.
00:14:19He treats the Russian troops as his personal shield.
00:14:23The fight for Saski and Bankowy Square continues.
00:14:27Two battles for Saski and Bankowy Square
00:14:30are being fought by General Potocki.
00:14:33They are going to Prague for ammunition.
00:14:36The bridges on the Vistula are being taken over.
00:14:47The higher officers are trying to distract
00:14:50the insurgents from the insurgents.
00:14:53The armed people are fighting the enemy.
00:14:56With the help of the academicians, the prisoners are being taken to Leszno.
00:15:00The political prisoners are free.
00:15:02During the whole November night,
00:15:04the leaders of the oath and their sympathizers
00:15:07did not remove any center of power
00:15:10or announce the program of the uprising.
00:15:13It was their conviction that the movement
00:15:16initiated in this way would be immediately
00:15:19and consistently directed by well-known politicians
00:15:22was the biggest tragedy of the beginning of the fight.
00:15:26They used this conviction of the people
00:15:29who were reluctant to fight in the armed struggle,
00:15:32who did not believe in its victory,
00:15:34and even its opponents.
00:15:36The actions of this group were initiated
00:15:39by the Minister of Treasury Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki
00:15:42and the Count Władysław Zamoyski,
00:15:44an adjutant of the Grand Duke Konstanty.
00:15:47The Minister was surprised that the insurgents
00:15:50and the political leadership
00:15:53immediately started calling for the administrative council,
00:15:56that is, the government of the Kingdom of Poland,
00:15:59which had been faithfully following the orders of the tsar.
00:16:03The main goal of this government's actions
00:16:06was to bring about a rapid pacification of the movement,
00:16:10to cooperate with the Grand Duke Konstanty
00:16:13in order to eliminate, as he put it,
00:16:17the riots that started in the evening.
00:16:20For this purpose, together with Czartoryski,
00:16:23he went to the quarters of the Grand Duke,
00:16:26persuading him to liquidate the movement quickly.
00:16:30But Konstanty decided that this was the initiative of the Poles themselves
00:16:35and that the Poles themselves should also lead to its liquidation.
00:16:39It is difficult to assess the reasons for Konstanty's attitude.
00:16:43However, they probably resulted from a common fear,
00:16:47deepened by the memories of the victorious fight of the Warsaw People
00:16:52against a much stronger tsarist garrison in April 1794,
00:16:58or by a more recent event,
00:17:01namely the victorious fight of the people of Brussels in the summer of 1830.
00:17:08The administrative council was assembled in a large number,
00:17:12but without Chłopicki, who could not be found.
00:17:16Two testimonies were prepared.
00:17:19The first one informs about the co-optation of Czartoryski,
00:17:23Niemcewicz, Paca, Kochanowski, Chłopicki and Michał Radziwiłł to the council.
00:17:28The second one, assessing the events of the November night as sad,
00:17:32calls for unity, respect for the rights and freedoms of the constitution.
00:17:38Such an assessment of the November night upset some.
00:17:41Some tore down the wall, tore it down and trampled on it.
00:17:44Others, seeing new historical names under it,
00:17:47took the leadership of the elders in the nation with confidence.
00:17:55Welcome, Jutczenko of Freedom, the sun is behind you.
00:17:59Patriotic slogans appear on the walls of the capital.
00:18:03The first decision of the council.
00:18:05The army still does not have a leader.
00:18:09The council intends to appoint General Chłopicki,
00:18:12but it still cannot find him.
00:18:15For the time being, the function of the leader is taken over by General Ludwik Pac.
00:18:20Founded in the evening, Chłopicki comes to the council after many requests.
00:18:24After many requests, he takes over the commander of the army.
00:18:28However, he warns that he does not take the title of the chief leader.
00:18:32He will act only on behalf of the constitutional king
00:18:35and only to ensure public peace in the fight against anarchy.
00:18:41The order to march the regiments from the province of Podwarszawo to cover the capital
00:18:45is issued only on the written request of the council.
00:18:48The council calls its armed army, the Security Guard,
00:18:51from among the wealthy townspeople.
00:18:54It opposes the armed possessions to the armed people.
00:18:59The Security Guard will soon be transformed into the National Guard.
00:19:05The group of liberal deputies with Szaniecki at the head
00:19:08gathers at the castle and demands the council to call the Sejm,
00:19:11to force Konstanty to withdraw from the kingdom along with the army
00:19:15and to remove people whom the nation does not trust.
00:19:19A few of its members, most compromised by cooperation with the council,
00:19:23are dismissed from the council.
00:19:26Among others, Lelewel joins the council.
00:19:29A group of prisoners gathers at the town hall.
00:19:32One of the prisoners decides to establish a patriotic society.
00:19:37Lelewel becomes the president,
00:19:39accompanied by vice-presidents Bronikowski and Mochnacki.
00:19:43On 2 December, the administrative council sends a delegation
00:19:47to Wierzbna, where Konstanty's army is idle.
00:19:50After five-hour debates, under the pressure of Ostrowski and Lelewel,
00:19:54the Grand Duke decides to abandon the kingdom.
00:19:58It seems that he will influence Santa Claus to forgive the insurgents
00:20:02and forget everything.
00:20:04Ostrowski and Lelewel demand the fulfillment of Alexander I's promises
00:20:08regarding the so-called taken lands.
00:20:11The quarrel with the Grand Duke undermines the mood of the capital.
00:20:19In the redoubt halls, the patriotic society,
00:20:22commonly known as the club, gathers.
00:20:28Back! Back!
00:20:33I hereby decide that the assembly of its members
00:20:36should immediately appoint a deputy
00:20:39to the administrative council
00:20:41to make the following demands on behalf of the people of Warsaw.
00:20:46First, that the administrative council of the kingdom be dissolved.
00:20:51Back with the council!
00:20:54Second, that the interim government be decided immediately.
00:20:58The interim government be decided!
00:21:02Third, that General Chłopicki receive the order
00:21:05to attack the imperial guard
00:21:08and take him as a prisoner
00:21:11and hand him over to the Polish People's Commissariat.
00:21:14Back! Back!
00:21:17Oh no! With the Duke in Warsaw!
00:21:20But we have to deal with Petersburg in Vilnius!
00:21:23Back with the deputies!
00:21:26Back with the deputies!
00:21:29Deputies! Deputies!
00:21:39What does the club demand?
00:21:41It's none of your business, but the whole administrative council will be appointed.
00:21:45Gentlemen, all of you won't get out of here together.
00:21:48It can't be.
00:21:50Choose one or two from among yourselves.
00:21:54We are here at the request of the people
00:21:57who surround this club and we'll all get out.
00:22:01Let Mr. Kastelan come in. The government will accept.
00:22:05The interim government,
00:22:08to which you give your support,
00:22:11to which you show your seriousness in the face of public threat,
00:22:15threatens the cause of the nation with the greatest danger,
00:22:18with a certain loss.
00:22:21We swear, Duke,
00:22:24that you, gentlemen,
00:22:27will not be a threat to the nation.
00:22:30You will not be a threat to the nation.
00:22:33Now, gentlemen,
00:22:36in the name of the Fatherland,
00:22:39you are to take decisive action.
00:22:49Don't think, gentlemen,
00:22:52that you can settle this matter
00:22:55with the Grand Duke and the Emperor.
00:22:58The people and the army have raised their arms
00:23:01to defend the cause of the nation.
00:23:04The nation will not allow the revolution to fall.
00:23:07This is the request of the people.
00:23:14Our uprising may change the face of Europe.
00:23:17What has the government council done so far
00:23:20that it has taken the lead?
00:23:23Time passes without any use.
00:23:26Those whom you see here before you
00:23:30started the revolution with the sacrifice of their heads
00:23:33and decided to continue to develop it.
00:23:36For this purpose, they turned to the people of the capital,
00:23:39who have this weapon in their hands
00:23:42and will not give up
00:23:45if you do not want to fulfill
00:23:48the just demands of the people
00:23:51as soon as possible.
00:23:54The people demand...
00:23:57Some of the points are not to be fulfilled.
00:24:00Namely, the support of the Grand Duke Constantine,
00:24:03who promises to let everything go
00:24:06into oblivion,
00:24:09who broke the convention with the government.
00:24:12These are the jokes of the Grand Duke.
00:24:18We were not created to receive
00:24:21the grace and conditions of the Grand Duke,
00:24:25but to save Poland.
00:24:28Let the government not play a joke then.
00:24:31We have nothing to do here anymore.
00:24:34I protest.
00:24:37Is this a violation of the seats of government?
00:24:43Nothing here is for us.
00:24:46Demagogy takes Poland with it.
00:24:49I submit to resignation.
00:24:54To be continued...
00:25:24You have come here with a weapon.
00:25:28You have fulfilled your wishes, gentlemen.
00:25:32You may go.
00:25:34The government will take the club into consideration.
00:25:39On the morning of the 3rd of December,
00:25:41the first regiment of foot soldiers,
00:25:44summoned by both sides,
00:25:46arrived in the capital from Sochaczów.
00:25:48Both Konstanty and the insurgents.
00:25:50The commander, General Piotr Szembek, is hesitating.
00:25:53The Grand Duke or the insurgents?
00:25:57The insurgents.
00:25:59The people of Warsaw enthusiastically welcome his regiment.
00:26:03The administrative council summons to its group
00:26:06three club members,
00:26:08Mochnacki, Bronikowski and Machnicki.
00:26:11Duke Lubecki, among others, abdicates from the council.
00:26:14A few thousandth crowd of the armed people and army
00:26:18heads towards the Ujazdowskie Alley.
00:26:21Will he go to Wierzbno?
00:26:23Constantine, aware of this danger,
00:26:26allows his loyal Polish regiments
00:26:29to join the insurgents.
00:26:31He also promises that he will go to the Empire with the Russian regiments.
00:26:36However, the Polish regiments leave Konstanty earlier.
00:26:40They go to Warsaw.
00:26:42The capital is filled with enthusiasm.
00:26:45In the evening, the administrative council ceases to exist.
00:26:48A temporary government is created.
00:26:50Unwilling insurgents join it.
00:26:54Only Lelew is left of the club members.
00:27:01The Vice-President of Warsaw, Tomasz Łubieński,
00:27:04comes to the office of the government.
00:27:06As for the employment of the people
00:27:08and the deterrence from riots,
00:27:11criminal trials should be started.
00:27:14Universities, schools, theatres should be opened.
00:27:19What about churches?
00:27:21Churches too.
00:27:22As for the confiscation of weapons,
00:27:25we tried to do it.
00:27:27The owners of the weapons have the right to take them from the restless.
00:27:32We can't force them,
00:27:34because they will tell us that we want to disarm or shoot.
00:27:41The government should be told
00:27:43that it is not allowed to walk on the street with a weapon.
00:27:46However, there is no enemy.
00:27:48As for the weapons, not so suddenly,
00:27:50because their minds will be shaken.
00:27:52They have to be confiscated.
00:28:06Ladies and gentlemen,
00:28:08the news is painful.
00:28:10Our demands have not taken any effect.
00:28:13The Administrative Council has been dissolved,
00:28:16but the Temporary Government
00:28:18does not want to be constituted without its permission.
00:28:21And as far as I know,
00:28:23there will be no better than it.
00:28:25The time of the post office with the damage of the country is passing.
00:28:28The Tsarevich is going freely to the lands taken.
00:28:34People with historical names,
00:28:36whom we had as patriots,
00:28:38do not allow to torture his Marshal.
00:28:40Let's not trust historical names.
00:28:43Let's not trust any vanity,
00:28:45any merit.
00:28:47General Chłopicki does not fulfill his duty.
00:28:55Ladies and gentlemen,
00:28:57Chłopicki is betraying the revolution.
00:28:59I am withdrawing from the government
00:29:01that the people put over the abyss.
00:29:05Let's finish what we started.
00:29:07Let's go again.
00:29:09Let's go again.
00:29:11And the revolutionary government will be established.
00:29:14You will die with us.
00:29:16You will die with us.
00:29:18You will die with us.
00:29:25Beauty,
00:29:27harm
00:29:29and trust, ladies and gentlemen,
00:29:32with disagreement and distrust,
00:29:34will fall.
00:29:40What is this?
00:29:42I ask you, husbands.
00:29:44You are at the head.
00:29:46Here is the Duke of Voivodeship,
00:29:48Adam Czartoryski,
00:29:50a pious Pole.
00:29:52Here is Niemcewicz,
00:29:54whose honorable old age
00:29:56does not fall under the charge.
00:29:59Here is Chłopicki,
00:30:01the great soldier of Napoleon.
00:30:04And who dares here
00:30:06to accuse them
00:30:08of treason?
00:30:12Here is an unknown man,
00:30:14young,
00:30:16ambitious,
00:30:18who only wants to
00:30:20exalt himself.
00:30:22His zeal
00:30:24harms
00:30:26our cause the most.
00:30:29Here is the second member of the government,
00:30:31Xaver Bronikowski.
00:30:34Let him say
00:30:36whether the government
00:30:38works revolutionarily or not.
00:30:41Let him say it in the name of honor.
00:30:47As a witness of today's government activities,
00:30:49I declare in the name of honor
00:30:51that the government works revolutionarily.
00:30:53Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:30:55Get rid of him!
00:30:57Get rid of the terrorists!
00:31:03Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:06Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:08Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:10Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:12Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:14Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:16Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:18The members of Lubecki's party
00:31:20and Chłopicki's supporters,
00:31:22and especially the members
00:31:24of the Conservative Civic Club
00:31:26did their job.
00:31:28The Patriotic Society
00:31:30was broken up.
00:31:36Get rid of Oszczerka!
00:31:46Chłopicki is a hope of the nation.
00:31:48The Lubecki's support
00:31:50of Prince Czartoryski,
00:31:52Niemcewicz and other patriots
00:31:54is against the uprising.
00:31:56If the school
00:31:58which started the revolution
00:32:00doesn't save it with great energy
00:32:02at this moment,
00:32:04everything will go back to the way it was.
00:32:06Let's go, gentlemen!
00:32:08Let's go!
00:32:10To arms!
00:32:12To arms!
00:32:18Turn right!
00:32:20Form a line!
00:32:22What are you doing?
00:32:24Don't ask.
00:32:28Take the school and march to the club.
00:32:30Otherwise you'll be punished.
00:32:32No, Mochnacki, really, no!
00:32:34Let's go, gentlemen!
00:32:38Everything will go back
00:32:40to the way it was.
00:32:42The Lubeckis...
00:32:44What did they do to you?
00:32:46We've been idle for three days.
00:32:48We'll respect them,
00:32:50if not those who work with Lubecki.
00:32:52Chłopicki...
00:32:54Chłopicki is betraying the revolution.
00:32:56No!
00:32:58Have faith in this general!
00:33:02Let's go, gentlemen!
00:33:04Let's go!
00:33:06Let's go!
00:33:08No, brothers!
00:33:10Believe Chłopicki!
00:33:12You, as the creator of the revolution,
00:33:14the new government
00:33:16must be established in this character.
00:33:18Stand at our head and lead.
00:33:20If not to the club,
00:33:22then to the bank.
00:33:24What for?
00:33:26So that a brain
00:33:28will be able to think.
00:33:30It will reflect
00:33:32other, less hardened brains.
00:33:34Bloodshed
00:33:36will bring us no benefit.
00:33:38There will be no bloodshed.
00:33:40Don't you know the art of war?
00:33:42Where can we find
00:33:44an enemy?
00:33:46The Emperor is leaving.
00:33:48Will he be surrounded
00:33:50by our army?
00:33:52He won't be able to retreat.
00:33:54Let's go, gentlemen!
00:33:58You'll go to the bank
00:34:00after my corpse!
00:34:10I curse you!
00:34:18We're always with you.
00:34:20You must die last.
00:34:24I curse you!
00:34:48In the afternoon,
00:34:50the government learns
00:34:52that the dictator
00:34:54of the uprising
00:34:56intends to announce himself.
00:34:58To prevent this,
00:35:00the government
00:35:02sends Chłopicki
00:35:04a nomination
00:35:06for the leader
00:35:08with unlimited power.
00:35:16I don't need anyone's nomination.
00:35:18I'll take unlimited power
00:35:20and I'll have it
00:35:22until the Assembly gathers
00:35:24and punishes those
00:35:26who disobeyed it.
00:35:32The government is weak.
00:35:36The club invaded you
00:35:38and you had no power to suppress it.
00:35:40In addition,
00:35:42we got an external enemy,
00:35:44an internal enemy,
00:35:46a domestic one.
00:35:48We must defeat him first,
00:35:50because he
00:35:52is the most dangerous.
00:35:58That's why I'm taking the dictator's power.
00:36:08The great week of Poles
00:36:10has come to an end.
00:36:12In the evening,
00:36:14the National Theatre
00:36:16performs a patriotic
00:36:18demonstration.
00:36:20The audience
00:36:22gives Chłopicki an ovation.
00:36:24The ovations meet him in the city.
00:36:30He receives a number of
00:36:32courtesy addresses.
00:36:36The second object
00:36:38of spontaneous demonstrations
00:36:40is the school of Podchorąży.
00:36:42It evokes the dictator's rage.
00:36:44The problem is solved.
00:36:46The Poles were promoted to lieutenants
00:36:48and assigned to regiments.
00:36:50The assault squad
00:36:52ceases to exist.
00:37:00Lieutenant Piotr Wysocki has arrived.
00:37:04Let him in.
00:37:06Lieutenant Piotr Wysocki,
00:37:08you have received an order.
00:37:20Why did you stay in Warsaw?
00:37:22Do you want a revolution,
00:37:24General?
00:37:52I'll give you a bullet in the head
00:37:54and you'll have
00:37:56a new revolution.
00:37:58General...
00:38:06Arrest him.
00:38:08I never thought
00:38:10about a revolution.
00:38:12I stayed only because
00:38:14I didn't have time to
00:38:16pay the school bill.
00:38:18Take him to the committee.
00:38:20Let him pay
00:38:22the school bill.
00:38:28He is imprisoned
00:38:30for a few days
00:38:32and then sent
00:38:34to the provinces.
00:38:36The uprising takes over the country.
00:38:40Voluntary insurgent units
00:38:42form on their own.
00:38:44It is a spontaneous movement
00:38:46aimed at transforming
00:38:48the country.
00:38:50Chłopicki creates
00:38:52the so-called mobile guards,
00:38:54a kind of police force.
00:38:56He counts on the neutrality
00:38:58of the rest of the insurgents.
00:39:00He doesn't want to betray them.
00:39:02He occupies the military positions
00:39:04of the civilians
00:39:06with the people
00:39:08opposed to the armed struggle.
00:39:10Next to the great dictatorship
00:39:12of Chłopicki,
00:39:14a small dictatorship
00:39:16is formed.
00:39:18Despite the dictator's
00:39:20slow actions,
00:39:22the country is armed.
00:39:26The society
00:39:28is making sacrifices.
00:39:30After a few days
00:39:32of full support
00:39:34for the dictator
00:39:36and a state of almost euphoria,
00:39:38critical voices
00:39:40inspired by hot political
00:39:42debates appear
00:39:44in the country.
00:39:52The dictator still thinks
00:39:54about the negotiations with Petersburg,
00:39:56about the agreement with the tsar,
00:39:58about maintaining the kingdom's autonomy.
00:40:00Ksawery Lubecki and Jan Jezierski
00:40:02pretend to be outraged.
00:40:04December 18th, 6 p.m.
00:40:06The parliament's meeting room.
00:40:10The dictator wishes
00:40:12that the parliament
00:40:14will be opened
00:40:16on December 21st,
00:40:18so that he can
00:40:20open the parliament himself.
00:40:22No delay!
00:40:24The parliament should start
00:40:26its activities immediately.
00:40:28Open the parliament!
00:40:30Don't delay!
00:40:32Unity and agreement
00:40:34are the most important for us.
00:40:36If the parliament
00:40:38at the first hour of its meeting
00:40:40is in a state of disagreement
00:40:42with the government,
00:40:44it must end
00:40:46either with an exemption
00:40:48for the public case
00:40:50or with an exemption for the parliament.
00:40:52The constitution is not yet adopted,
00:40:54and it specifies
00:40:56that the parliament
00:40:58can be opened
00:41:00only in the meetings
00:41:02held by the king or his deputy.
00:41:04No!
00:41:06Open the parliament!
00:41:08Now! Today!
00:41:10No!
00:41:16Gentlemen,
00:41:18our first duty
00:41:20is to recognize
00:41:22the November uprising
00:41:24as national
00:41:26and to thank its
00:41:28judges and leaders.
00:41:30The enemy raided
00:41:32all 164 articles
00:41:34of the national constitution,
00:41:36and we will raid only one,
00:41:38but we will raid it forever.
00:41:40So let's shout
00:41:42that we accept
00:41:44the uprising as national!
00:41:46We accept!
00:41:48Thank you.
00:41:50Gentlemen, we accept!
00:41:52We accept!
00:41:54We accept!
00:41:56We accept!
00:42:06I announce that
00:42:08the House
00:42:10decides to write
00:42:12in the protocol
00:42:14of its seats
00:42:16the revolution
00:42:18on the 29th of November
00:42:20so well undertaken
00:42:22for the work of the Polish nation
00:42:24I accept
00:42:26and recognize
00:42:28and to the husbands
00:42:30of those who undertook it
00:42:32with such a great dedication
00:42:34and bravery
00:42:36the gratitude
00:42:38of the whole Polish nation.
00:42:40Long live Poland free
00:42:42and independent!
00:42:44Long live!
00:42:46Long live the Sejm!
00:42:48Long live!
00:42:50Long live the representatives of the nation!
00:42:52Long live!
00:42:54Long live!
00:42:56Long live!
00:42:58The Sejm,
00:43:00which, against its will,
00:43:02accepted the normal revolutions
00:43:04and accepted the uprising as national,
00:43:06is forming a dictatorship.
00:43:08But after two days
00:43:10it is taking over again.
00:43:12The Sejm is passing
00:43:14the dictatorship law
00:43:16with one vote against it
00:43:18but some of the deputies
00:43:20who voted for the dictatorship
00:43:22did it, as noted in the revolution protocol,
00:43:24under the pressure of a higher necessity.
00:43:26This second, already legal dictatorship
00:43:28has some differences
00:43:30from the first one.
00:43:32On the side of Chłopicki
00:43:34there is a deputation of the Sejm
00:43:36whose task is to control
00:43:38the dictator's activities
00:43:40and to be able to bring
00:43:42him down.
00:43:44The dictator is forming
00:43:46the Supreme National Council
00:43:48which is to be headed
00:43:50by the state administration.
00:43:52It does not change its policy
00:43:54which, however, is silently approved
00:43:56by the Sejm.
00:43:58More and more information
00:44:00about the Sejm's
00:44:02compromise with the tsar
00:44:04and finally
00:44:06sent by Nicholas I
00:44:08demanding the unconditional capitulation
00:44:10of the uprising
00:44:12deepens the outrage of the public opinion.
00:44:14In the country, the opposition
00:44:16is growing.
00:44:18Its main representatives
00:44:20are the activists of the left
00:44:22primarily focused
00:44:24on the New Poland newspaper
00:44:26striving to reactivate
00:44:28the Patriotic Society.
00:44:32On December 16th,
00:44:34the dictator calls for a deputation of the Sejm.
00:44:42I have received a letter
00:44:44from the Minister of State.
00:44:48The authorities entrusted to me
00:44:50by the people
00:44:52are no longer powerful
00:44:54and the titles obtained in this letter
00:44:56of praise which I receive
00:44:58in the name of the tsar
00:45:00reduce my trust
00:45:02in the people.
00:45:08And without trust
00:45:10one cannot remain
00:45:12at the head of the people
00:45:16especially in the situation
00:45:18in which we are now.
00:45:20In addition, in some part of the people
00:45:22I see
00:45:24some desire,
00:45:26some urge to war.
00:45:28And I cannot wish
00:45:30war in Poland
00:45:32with the scarce resources we have
00:45:34as someone familiar
00:45:36with military art
00:45:38in any way.
00:45:40We only need to end
00:45:42the Prussian government
00:45:44through the system.
00:45:48We have 37,000 troops
00:45:50and the Polish army
00:45:52has 150,000.
00:45:58So what are we going to fight with?
00:46:00With new regiments.
00:46:02Kashiners.
00:46:04New regiments?
00:46:06I don't want them.
00:46:08This is a mobile army,
00:46:10not a military one.
00:46:14Besides, we will only need food
00:46:16for 12 days.
00:46:18It's been a long time
00:46:20since the uprising.
00:46:22Now we can't give them a reason
00:46:24to withdraw their actions
00:46:26or create a dictatorship.
00:46:28You, general, as a good Pole,
00:46:30cannot and should not do this.
00:46:32We can put a temporary
00:46:34and solemn resistance
00:46:36to the enemy.
00:46:38But sooner or later
00:46:40we will have to give up.
00:46:42I don't know
00:46:46what will happen to me then.
00:46:48They will say I'm a traitor.
00:46:52But, dictator,
00:46:54remember the oath.
00:46:56The oath?
00:46:58I remember it
00:47:00and that's why I'm doing this.
00:47:02If the youth's conscience
00:47:04forgets about the oath
00:47:06given by the monarch,
00:47:08I will attach
00:47:10the oath to you.
00:47:16I took the power
00:47:18from the Sejm
00:47:20to save the country
00:47:22from anarchy
00:47:24and I kept my oath.
00:47:30Now, when the Sejm is called,
00:47:32I can take the power
00:47:34and resign.
00:47:36If you don't want
00:47:38to rule as a dictator
00:47:40any longer,
00:47:42maybe the Sejm
00:47:44will not
00:47:46resist you.
00:47:48But I will ask you
00:47:50to stop commanding the army
00:47:52and to lead them
00:47:54where the interest of the country
00:47:56and honour will dictate.
00:47:58No!
00:48:00I will not be a leader
00:48:04because I don't want to be beaten.
00:48:06But you must be beaten
00:48:08because we will order you.
00:48:10I will not.
00:48:12I will not take command of the Sejm.
00:48:14You must be beaten
00:48:16if not as a leader,
00:48:18but as a soldier
00:48:20because the Sejm orders you.
00:48:22And if you don't do this,
00:48:24the Sejm will call you
00:48:26a traitor, a coward.
00:48:28I will be beaten,
00:48:30but you will also
00:48:32have to be beaten,
00:48:34I could stop you
00:48:36if only I
00:48:38was left
00:48:40to think
00:48:42about the means to save the country.
00:48:46A deputy
00:48:48has the honour
00:48:50of appointing a dictator
00:48:52who is not authorized
00:48:54to give any other power
00:48:56that has been entrusted to him
00:48:58by the Sejm.
00:49:00On the 21st of January
00:49:02the Patriotic Society
00:49:04renews its activities.
00:49:06It demands that the uprising
00:49:08be continued.
00:49:10It demands that the people
00:49:12take part in it.
00:49:14It wants its bottom to be corrected.
00:49:16This motto, however,
00:49:18has a universal character.
00:49:30The 24th of January
00:49:32Vogelsdorf.
00:49:34A letter from Berlin to the King.
00:49:36A special envoy of the government,
00:49:38Andrzej Koźmian,
00:49:40gives a letter to Prince Czartoryski
00:49:42to the Ambassador of France,
00:49:44Prince de Montparnasse,
00:49:46who is on his way to St. Petersburg.
00:49:48All of France
00:49:50has the best wishes
00:49:52and feelings for you.
00:49:54And that's why
00:49:56I have to tell you the truth.
00:49:58We are unable
00:50:00to provide you
00:50:02with effective assistance.
00:50:04Our position is critical
00:50:06and the new government
00:50:08is not yet established.
00:50:10However, we support your cause.
00:50:12Our uprising stopped
00:50:14the Moscow troops
00:50:16against you.
00:50:18We have official evidence of this.
00:50:20Perhaps...
00:50:22Perhaps
00:50:24the Emperor of Russia
00:50:26initially had
00:50:28some
00:50:30military tendencies against us.
00:50:32But now
00:50:34we have no reason to complain.
00:50:36Especially
00:50:38against Russia.
00:50:40Our uprising
00:50:42forced Russia to do this.
00:50:44And as a reward,
00:50:46you want to leave us.
00:50:48Please forgive me, Count.
00:50:50I'm in a hurry.
00:50:52Perhaps you would like to accompany me
00:50:54to St. Petersburg?
00:50:58You and Moscow
00:51:00must fall in battle.
00:51:04And that's why
00:51:06we sincerely advise you
00:51:08to postpone
00:51:10your independence.
00:51:12Hey!
00:51:4225 January
00:51:44Warsaw
00:51:48The Patriotic Society
00:51:50organizes a demonstration
00:51:52in honor of the Indecaprisans.
00:52:08Do you remember me?
00:52:10I dream
00:52:12about my friends in death,
00:52:14exile,
00:52:16prison
00:52:18and I think about you.
00:52:20Your extraterrestrial faces
00:52:22have the right of citizenship
00:52:24in my dreams.
00:52:26Where are you now?
00:52:28The noble neck of Yaryleev,
00:52:30which, like a brotherhood,
00:52:32was squeezed by the tsar's sentences,
00:52:34hangs to a hanging, tied tree.
00:52:36A curse on the people
00:52:38who murder their prophets.
00:52:44At the last hearing,
00:52:46the emperor
00:52:48ended the speech
00:52:50with these words.
00:52:52If the Polish nation
00:52:54does not fulfill the demands
00:52:56in my manifesto
00:52:58on December 17,
00:53:00if I stand up to fight,
00:53:02I will prove at that time
00:53:04that I am a true king.
00:53:06And the first shot
00:53:08from the Poles
00:53:10will be a sign of the destruction of Poland.
00:53:28It can be seen that without war
00:53:30we will not reach
00:53:32the goal of our revolution.
00:53:34The Tsar of Moscow ordered his troops
00:53:36to enter the Polish land.
00:53:38Are we going to continue
00:53:40to think of Santa Claus
00:53:42as our true monarch?
00:53:46The hand that Bestuzhev pulled out of me
00:53:48was a sword and a soldier.
00:53:52This hand was torn off
00:53:54from a feather and a weapon
00:53:56and the tsar tied it to a wheelbarrow.
00:53:58Today, in the mines,
00:54:00it is writhing next to the Polish hand.
00:54:02Others may have been touched
00:54:04by the harshness of heaven's punishment.
00:54:06Maybe some of you,
00:54:08with the order of shame,
00:54:10have sold your free soul
00:54:12to the tsar's grace
00:54:14and today, on the thresholds,
00:54:16it is kneeling at his feet.
00:54:18Maybe with a paid tongue
00:54:20it is moaning in his glory
00:54:22and rejoicing
00:54:24with its friends of martyrdom.
00:54:26Maybe in my homeland
00:54:28my blood is bleeding
00:54:30and I am dying.
00:54:38The tsar was the first
00:54:40to break the oath
00:54:42that was forced on us with a weapon.
00:54:44So the oath
00:54:46that the Pole has been keeping
00:54:48for centuries
00:54:50cannot be obliged to us
00:54:52anymore.
00:54:54Let Europe stop seeing
00:54:56rebellious subjects in us.
00:54:58Let an independent nation,
00:55:00which has been given
00:55:02by God, exist.
00:55:04That is why I say
00:55:06that today is the best time
00:55:08to declare the Sejm.
00:55:10That Emperor Nicholas and his successors
00:55:12have lost the right
00:55:14to the Polish crown.
00:55:16Gentlemen!
00:55:18What is in our hearts,
00:55:20let it come out through our mouths.
00:55:22Let us shout,
00:55:24there is no Nicholas!
00:55:26There is no need to shout!
00:55:28We must vote!
00:55:30There is no need to vote!
00:55:32We shouted unanimously,
00:55:34there is no Nicholas!
00:55:36The matter has been declared and finished!
00:55:38We must vote!
00:55:40It is against the law!
00:55:56If from far away,
00:55:58from free nations to the North,
00:56:00these mournful songs fly
00:56:02and speak from the mountains
00:56:04over the land of the ice,
00:56:06let them tell you
00:56:08about freedom like spring cranes.
00:56:18The holy matter
00:56:20of freedom
00:56:22unites
00:56:24a great body.
00:56:26Because freedom
00:56:28is common
00:56:30to not one country
00:56:32or people,
00:56:34but to the whole earth
00:56:36and the whole humanity.
00:56:38Who will respect
00:56:40their homeland's
00:56:42demand for liberation
00:56:44and foreign freedom?
00:56:46The Polish nation
00:56:48declares at the Sejm
00:56:50that it is an independent people
00:56:52and that it has the right
00:56:54to give this Polish Crown
00:56:56which it considers
00:56:58payable.
00:57:00May Poland live freely,
00:57:02independently!
00:57:04Long live Poland!
00:57:06Long live Poland!
00:57:12You killed Poland!
00:57:18The Sejm isindebted
00:57:20It is, in fact, a coalition government.
00:57:22Its members include representatives of three main political movements
00:57:27Conservative, Adam Czartoryski as president and Stanisław Barzykowski
00:57:32Liberal, groups such as Kaliszan, Teodor Morawski and Wincenty Niemojewski
00:57:37and supporters of the movement, i.e. supporters of the Patriotic Society, Joachim Lelewel
00:57:43The leader is Prince Michał Radziwiłł.
00:57:46Chłopicki is to help him.
00:57:49On the eve of the armed operations, an army of about 55,000 soldiers was able to be formed.
00:57:55Members of the club, including Mochnacki and Bronikowski, volunteerly report to the army.
00:58:01Mikołaj I reacts with a manifesto to the dethronement.
00:58:06It is a solemn commitment to forget the duties and oaths.
00:58:12This remembrance has in fact met the crime.
00:58:16The time has come to use force against those who know no remorse.
00:58:21Calling for the help of the Supreme Judge of Human Rights and Intentions,
00:58:25we ordered our faithful troops to go to the rebels.
00:58:30On February 6, 1831, the 79,000th Russian Army under the command of Field Marshal Kadywicz
00:58:39crosses the border of the Kingdom.
00:58:41In addition to other corps, the enemy's army has about 115,000 soldiers.
00:58:50One of the first clashes takes place near Stoczki.
00:58:53On February 14, General Dwernicki wins the battle over the strong group of General Geismann.
00:58:59The success does not matter, but it raises the morale of the Polish soldier.
00:59:05The Polish command gives up the attacking actions for the sake of defensive tactics.
00:59:11In two more battles, on February 17 near Dobre and on February 19 and 20 near Wawry,
00:59:17the Poles suffer serious losses to the advancing Russian corps.
00:59:36He is gravely wounded in the battle of glory
00:59:43And bruised with his own blood
00:59:51A white eagle lies in the clouds
00:59:58Crying over his misfortune
01:00:06The black sea, dense forest
01:00:14Repeating again and again
01:00:20Eagle, rise up from the graves
01:00:27Eagle, rise up over the Polish meadows
01:00:34Eagle, rise up from the graves
01:00:41Eagle, rise up over the Polish meadows
01:00:53Despite tactical defeats, Debitz's troops are approaching the capital.
01:00:58On February 25, a battle takes place on the outskirts of Prague near Grochów.
01:01:05Especially bloody battles are about Olszynka-Grochowska.
01:01:09The key position repeatedly goes from hand to hand.
01:01:14The battle continues
01:01:33The command is halting.
01:01:35The boycott is taking over.
01:01:38At the crucial moment, with Skrzynecki and Prądzyński,
01:01:41...leads the 4th Infantry Regiment to attack.
01:02:11The former dictator is wounded in both legs.
01:02:17The outcome of the battle, however, is the success of the Poles.
01:02:25The losses incurred by Dybicz do not allow him to storm the capital.
01:02:30The losses incurred by Dybicz do not allow him to storm the capital.
01:03:3026th February, 6 a.m.
01:03:33Namiestnikowski Palace.
01:03:36The War Council meeting room.
01:03:39Gentlemen, you have still rebelled against the nation.
01:03:44In secret lists and in public assemblies.
01:03:50The youth has fulfilled their duty.
01:03:53In secret lists and in public assemblies.
01:03:59The youth has fulfilled what you have taught it.
01:04:04And the uprising is your work.
01:04:10But now, enough of destroying the country.
01:04:15Enough of victims.
01:04:18Enough of bloodshed.
01:04:23I will not discuss with you whether the war is similar or not.
01:04:29If you think that a longer war is necessary, for whatever reason,
01:04:35then give an order.
01:04:38Give it right now, today, to go to Prague and fight.
01:04:43We can fight, we can win.
01:04:46We are not able to.
01:04:49That is why we demand from you an order.
01:04:54General, the orders are not similar.
01:04:58Dybicz will not accept them.
01:05:01He will only ask for mercy and not mercy.
01:05:05And is such a surrender,
01:05:08when we still have a weapon in our hands and a piece of the country behind us, appropriate?
01:05:13If you do not want or cannot agree,
01:05:16then give an order to those who started the uprising after 2,000 ducats,
01:05:21to flee abroad.
01:05:24And to us, the military, give an order.
01:05:27Wouldn't it be with a scourge and a stain of our name and honour?
01:05:33You will not close the treaty.
01:05:37We will announce to you
01:05:40that you will enter the homeland into the grave.
01:05:43We will announce to you
01:05:46that you will take full responsibility.
01:05:49The main reason for our failure
01:05:52was that we did not have a leader.
01:05:55Because when there are two of them,
01:05:58it is as if there is none.
01:06:03I, General...
01:06:06Because there was no leader, there was no plan of operation.
01:06:10There were no orders.
01:06:13Yesterday's order,
01:06:16despite the overwhelming strength of the enemy, would have taken a different turn
01:06:20if it had been directed differently,
01:06:23if the key to our position, Olszyn, had been kept.
01:06:29If we had been
01:06:32in the union and unity of action.
01:06:36If there had been clear orders issued.
01:06:39I sent orders.
01:06:41I even wanted to give you, General,
01:06:44the command of the front line.
01:06:48But my adjutants could not find it.
01:06:53Commander,
01:06:56I was still where the greatest fire was,
01:06:59where the greatest danger prevailed.
01:07:03But I did not see you there,
01:07:06nor your adjutants.
01:07:08I did not want to be a leader.
01:07:12I have witnesses in this group.
01:07:17If the government considers it necessary
01:07:20for me
01:07:23to assume this dignity,
01:07:26I will do it most willingly,
01:07:29and I think it could pass
01:07:32into more capable hands.
01:07:35If, General,
01:07:38you feel more capable,
01:07:41take the command of the front line,
01:07:44and in the future
01:07:47we will see.
01:07:50Since Duke Radziwiłł
01:07:53is forming a command,
01:07:56I ask all the military men present here
01:07:59who in his place
01:08:01consider me
01:08:04the most capable leader.
01:08:08I propose
01:08:11General Skrzynecki.
01:08:14I wholeheartedly agree
01:08:17with General Uliński.
01:08:23General Jan Skrzynecki was appointed
01:08:26as the commander-in-chief.
01:08:28Skrzynecki,
01:08:30despite his competence,
01:08:32tries to be a rocker.
01:08:34He only cares about
01:08:36the autonomy of the kingdom.
01:08:38Fearing the fall of the capital,
01:08:40many deputies leave the city.
01:08:43There is a so-called small set left in the Sejm,
01:08:46in which the main role
01:08:48is played by the liberal Kalisza group.
01:08:51On the Sejm forum,
01:08:53the Hłopska case appears.
01:08:55The Hlops,
01:08:57who were burdened by the uprising,
01:09:00but without the prospect of radical
01:09:03improvement of their fate,
01:09:05began to relate to the great national struggle
01:09:07indifferently.
01:09:09In fact, the Sejm discussed
01:09:11several concepts of agrarian reform,
01:09:14primarily in the course of the Dybicza offensive
01:09:17on Warsaw.
01:09:19From the initiative of the liberals,
01:09:21the government even introduced a project
01:09:22to pay off the debts of the Hlops
01:09:24in national goods,
01:09:26which provided for the possibility
01:09:28of the purchase of feudal duties,
01:09:30i.e. the embezzlement of these Hlops.
01:09:32At the same time,
01:09:34the projects of the radicals were announced.
01:09:36Deputy Jan Olrych-Szaniecki
01:09:38proposed a general purchase
01:09:40of the kingdom
01:09:42or the debts of the Hlops
01:09:45with the help of bank loans.
01:09:47As a result,
01:09:49the uprising did not make any decisions,
01:09:50progressive decisions
01:09:52in matters of social policy.
01:09:54It had a fatal effect
01:09:56on the attitude of the Hlops.
01:09:58In response to the uprising,
01:10:00the Hlops often fled
01:10:02to other regions of the country,
01:10:04and even abroad.
01:10:06On the other hand,
01:10:08a Polish soldier,
01:10:10who in his mass consisted of Hlops,
01:10:12showed great heroism
01:10:14and sacrifice in the course of the fight.
01:10:17Paris.
01:10:18The Minister of Foreign Affairs of France,
01:10:20General Sebastian,
01:10:22welcomes the representatives
01:10:24of the Polish diplomatic mission,
01:10:26General Karol Kniazewicz
01:10:28and Count Ludwik Plater.
01:10:30We come to you, Count,
01:10:32expecting,
01:10:34at least now,
01:10:36when the case of our power of arms
01:10:38has been set so high,
01:10:40the local government will recognize
01:10:42the national government
01:10:44and the independence of Poland
01:10:46and the desired mediation
01:10:48between the two countries.
01:10:52We all pay tribute
01:10:54to the great justice
01:10:56of the Polish military.
01:10:58The Polish nation
01:11:00has developed
01:11:02a character and energy
01:11:04worthy of admiration.
01:11:06Meanwhile, we have nothing from France.
01:11:08We are fighting with Moscow.
01:11:10Austria and Prussia are our enemies.
01:11:13France, on the other hand,
01:11:15is silent and allows everything to be done.
01:11:16The European governments
01:11:18and we have a treaty.
01:11:21We want to respect this treaty
01:11:24and therefore we cannot fulfill
01:11:26Polish wishes.
01:11:28The treaties include
01:11:30and solve
01:11:32in accordance with the circumstances
01:11:34and needs.
01:11:36What about mediation?
01:11:38We can only accept mediation
01:11:40if the Russian government
01:11:42calls us to it.
01:11:44Now I have no other advice
01:11:46but to take advantage of the victory
01:11:48and to make peace
01:11:50with the tsar himself.
01:11:53Treaties without a guarantee
01:11:55have no value.
01:11:57Of course.
01:11:59The first article of the treaty
01:12:01will be the surrender of arms.
01:12:03The second will be giving up.
01:12:05How can the Polish nation,
01:12:07the Polish army,
01:12:09fulfill this treaty?
01:12:11The unfortunate dethroning
01:12:13has ruined everything.
01:12:14We have to withdraw.
01:12:16Then everything would be easier.
01:12:18The minister must admit
01:12:20that withdrawing such acts
01:12:22without any reason
01:12:24is to deal with one's honor.
01:12:26And the Poles,
01:12:28only deal with their hearts.
01:12:30But you have a great deal of honor.
01:12:34You are rich in knightly honor
01:12:37and you can arrange it in part
01:12:39to satisfy your interests.
01:12:42France does not leave you
01:12:44and takes part in your affair
01:12:46and its participation
01:12:49will not be fruitless.
01:12:54Mr. Minister,
01:12:56for France,
01:12:58for Europe,
01:13:00Poland is not only necessary
01:13:02but also necessary.
01:13:04And if so,
01:13:06can our war for independence
01:13:08be indifferent to you?
01:13:10Are you allowed
01:13:12to let us go
01:13:14without any conviction?
01:13:16I would appreciate
01:13:18the need and usefulness
01:13:20of the Polish existence.
01:13:22But despite this,
01:13:24I am very far from the idea
01:13:26that for its return
01:13:28France should
01:13:30cause a European war.
01:13:35Can we at least hope
01:13:37that the brightest man
01:13:39would rather accept us
01:13:41to submit to him
01:13:42than to the will of the President
01:13:44of the National Government?
01:13:46No.
01:13:50The King cannot accept you.
01:13:53Acceptance would be
01:13:55against the relations
01:13:57between us and Russia.
01:14:00At the end of March,
01:14:02Dybicz moves to the top of the Vistula.
01:14:04He intends to cross the river
01:14:06and attack Warsaw from the west.
01:14:08In the east,
01:14:10only Rosen's corps
01:14:12is left.
01:14:14Colonel Prądzyński presents
01:14:16to Skrzynecki a new plan
01:14:18of offensive action.
01:14:20He proposes to break this corps,
01:14:22go to the rear of Dybicz's army
01:14:24and force him to accept the battle
01:14:26in the Vistula and Wieprze.
01:14:28The commander-in-chief
01:14:30fears more of the operation.
01:14:32In the end, however,
01:14:34he accepts the plan.
01:14:36The Polish offensive begins.
01:14:39On March 31,
01:14:40the Poles win two battles.
01:14:42Under Wawr,
01:14:44the front guards
01:14:46led by General Gejsmar
01:14:48are defeated.
01:14:50Under the village of Dębę Wielkie
01:14:52Rosen's main forces
01:14:54are successful.
01:14:56The capital celebrates both victories.
01:14:58The pursuit,
01:15:00led by the broken corps
01:15:02towards Siedlec,
01:15:04is interrupted by Skrzynecki.
01:15:06Prądzyński continues
01:15:08the offensive action.
01:15:11On April 10,
01:15:13the victory
01:15:15over the enemy's
01:15:17overwhelming forces
01:15:19is celebrated.
01:15:21This great success
01:15:23is not used by Skrzynecki.
01:15:40On April 10,
01:15:42the victory
01:15:44over the enemy's
01:15:46overwhelming forces
01:15:48is celebrated.
01:16:11On April 10,
01:16:13the victory
01:16:15over the enemy's
01:16:17overwhelming forces
01:16:19is celebrated.
01:16:40The Chief Commander
01:16:42has high hopes
01:16:44for the uprisings
01:16:46that broke out
01:16:48on the back of the Russian army
01:16:50in Lithuania,
01:16:52Belarus and Ukraine.
01:16:54The uprising in Volyn,
01:16:56Podol,
01:16:58and the Kijów region
01:17:00is not happy with the support
01:17:02of the Ukrainian people
01:17:04and falls quickly.
01:17:06The corps of General Dwernicki
01:17:08sent to help
01:17:10the Ukrainian forces
01:17:12to cross the Austrian border
01:17:14and lay down their arms.
01:17:16Unlike Ukraine,
01:17:18the partisans in Lithuania
01:17:20were long-lasting
01:17:22and fought hard.
01:17:26In mid-May,
01:17:28the Chief Commander
01:17:30makes a new
01:17:32bold offensive plan
01:17:34proposed by Prądzyński.
01:17:41A new expedition
01:17:43to Siedlce
01:17:45was announced
01:17:47to bring Dybicz
01:17:49and his forces together.
01:17:51A part of the army
01:17:53was sent in this direction.
01:17:55At the same time,
01:17:57a fast march from Warsaw
01:17:59moves three corps
01:18:01of 50,000 men
01:18:03to the direction of Białystok
01:18:05and wings the units
01:18:07of the Tsarist Guards
01:18:08led by Grand Duke Michał
01:18:10in Potsack.
01:18:17A decisive attack
01:18:19is delayed by Skrzynecki by a day.
01:18:21The Guards begin
01:18:23a rapid counterattack.
01:18:31To the detriment of evil,
01:18:33Skrzynecki weakens his forces
01:18:35and sends General Chłapowski's unit to Lithuania.
01:18:36The army of Dybicz
01:18:38rushes to help the Guards.
01:18:40The Polish Chief Commander
01:18:42orders a counterattack.
01:18:44On May 26,
01:18:46despite the heroic attitude
01:18:48of the infantry and cavalry,
01:18:50despite the magnificent
01:18:52artillery of the Bema cavalry,
01:18:54Skrzynecki takes a heavy blow.
01:19:36It's a shame,
01:19:40but honor tells us
01:19:42to bury ourselves here.
01:19:53We don't have many infantrymen.
01:19:56I'll gather them
01:19:58and place them in the bushes.
01:20:00I'll surround the bridge
01:20:02with 40 cannons
01:20:04and as soon as their cover is up,
01:20:06I'll hold this position
01:20:08until Giełgud comes.
01:20:14Anyway, let what I want happen.
01:20:17You have to be able to die.
01:20:23General,
01:20:26I give you command over the bridge,
01:20:27I give you command over the road.
01:20:33And what is your opinion?
01:20:49The infantry
01:20:51will not be able to be gathered
01:20:53and reorganized before dawn.
01:20:55The cavalry horses are tired
01:20:57and hungry.
01:20:59They won't be able to make
01:21:01good strikes.
01:21:03There aren't 40 cannons
01:21:05because many of them went to Różan.
01:21:07And the rest
01:21:09won't have enough ammunition
01:21:11to hold fire all day long.
01:21:13If you think so,
01:21:16I'll order a counterattack.
01:21:20But who will lead the rear guard?
01:21:22I will.
01:21:24I'm the youngest
01:21:25and it's my duty.
01:21:30You're always the same.
01:21:33What will happen to my corps
01:21:35near Rajgrod?
01:21:40We can't think
01:21:42about it or Lithuania.
01:21:45It's not just about
01:21:47Sierakowski's unit
01:21:49but about Giełgud's division.
01:21:51When the battle began,
01:21:53I told the general
01:21:55that Giełgud
01:21:57must be ready to join us.
01:21:59He must be fully armed.
01:22:01We can wait for his arrival.
01:22:03Giełgud should be ordered
01:22:05to march along the Prussian border
01:22:07to Vistula.
01:22:10It's impossible.
01:22:12The enemy will shoot him in the head.
01:22:14Gentlemen,
01:22:16there are circumstances
01:22:18when you can't hide anything.
01:22:20The army...
01:22:22We don't have the army anymore.
01:22:25If the enemy
01:22:27takes advantage of the situation,
01:22:29we'll be forced to join the regiments.
01:22:33So send Giełgud's division to Lithuania.
01:22:36This way
01:22:38the regiments won't turn against us.
01:22:41Good.
01:22:43Who will
01:22:45take Giełgud's order?
01:22:47Me.
01:22:49I gave this idea
01:22:51so I should take part in this mission.
01:22:52General Giełgud
01:22:54will march to Lithuania
01:22:56according to the instructions
01:22:58given by General Dębiński.
01:23:00Look at me
01:23:02and trust me.
01:23:04I'm worthy
01:23:06of the Polish name.
01:23:09The bloody Polish army
01:23:11was slowly returning to Warsaw.
01:23:13Due to the possibilities
01:23:15of an offensive
01:23:17by the Polish army,
01:23:19an unsuccessful expedition
01:23:20and a defeat by Ostrołęka
01:23:22undermined the authority
01:23:24of the Commander-in-Chief.
01:23:26General Skrzynecki
01:23:28fought with all his might
01:23:30to maintain his position.
01:23:32Among other things,
01:23:34he started to use the slogan
01:23:36of the need to strengthen power
01:23:38and, preferably,
01:23:40to introduce one-man power.
01:23:42Conservatives,
01:23:44especially the supporters
01:23:46of the Commander-in-Chief,
01:23:47wanted to force a reform project
01:23:49in this spirit
01:23:51during the parliamentary elections.
01:23:53But, thanks to the full mobilization
01:23:55of leftists and liberals,
01:23:57the project,
01:23:59after a long discussion,
01:24:01lost the majority of votes.
01:24:03Meanwhile,
01:24:05unexpected news came from Lithuania.
01:24:07After the victory at Rajgrod,
01:24:09the combined units of Giełgud
01:24:11and Chłapowski
01:24:13set out for Vilnius.
01:24:15Giełgud's indecision
01:24:17concentrated considerable forces.
01:24:25The battle near the Ponary Mountains
01:24:27ended in defeat.
01:24:29Soon, Polish troops,
01:24:31driven by the enemy to the Prussian border,
01:24:33crossed it and laid down their arms.
01:24:37After a long period of military inactivity,
01:24:40Skrzynecki wanted to save
01:24:42his over-armed authority
01:24:44with a new operation.
01:24:45The war in Lublin
01:24:47against Rydiger's corps
01:24:49ended in a fiasco.
01:24:51General Antoni Jankowski,
01:24:53the Commander-in-Chief,
01:24:55was completely disillusioned.
01:24:57There were rumors
01:24:59about the existence
01:25:01of an anti-Polish uprising.
01:25:03All this aroused serious
01:25:05public concern.
01:25:07At the end of June,
01:25:09Field Marshal Dybicz died.
01:25:11His deputy, Field Marshal Paskiewicz,
01:25:13decided to implement
01:25:15a new operation
01:25:17on the Wiesła River,
01:25:19but from the west.
01:25:21However, he did not go up,
01:25:23but down the river.
01:25:25On July 21, he crossed
01:25:27to its left bank
01:25:29and soon occupied Łowicz.
01:25:31Skrzynecki's impudence
01:25:33caused a social upheaval.
01:25:35The War Council dismissed him.
01:25:37The function of the commander
01:25:39was temporarily entrusted
01:25:41to General Henryk Dębiński,
01:25:43who became famous
01:25:45in the capital for a long time.
01:25:47The mood in the capital
01:25:49has been radicalized for a long time.
01:25:51Income difficulties increase.
01:25:53The city's improvement
01:25:55is deteriorating.
01:25:57The Patriotic Society
01:25:59activates its activity.
01:26:01It fights to change
01:26:03the incompetent leadership of the uprising.
01:26:05On August 15,
01:26:07the Patriotic Society
01:26:09after a turbulent session
01:26:11chooses a delegation
01:26:12to lead the government.
01:26:26Citizens of the city,
01:26:28to the government!
01:26:30The government does not accept any presentations.
01:26:32The Society received a report
01:26:34that General Skrzynecki,
01:26:36although appointed by the Sejm,
01:26:38leads the army.
01:26:39He said that the government
01:26:41will not listen.
01:26:43The enemy is at the gates of the capital.
01:26:45The leaders keep giving in
01:26:47without any resistance.
01:26:49Everything they tell you
01:26:51is only a fairy tale and a lie.
01:26:53But this state of affairs
01:26:55causes despair among the citizens
01:26:57and may cause bloodshed.
01:26:59The government needs
01:27:01to be supported by everyone.
01:27:03Meanwhile,
01:27:05things are different.
01:27:06Tensions are escalating.
01:27:08Disagreement is growing.
01:27:10And the Society,
01:27:12which took such a proud name
01:27:14of the Patriotic Society,
01:27:16gives a stupid example.
01:27:18The people demand the sentence
01:27:20for those accused of treason.
01:27:22They see the need
01:27:24to expel Skrzynecki from the army.
01:27:26Treason!
01:27:28Treason!
01:27:30You do not know the value of words.
01:27:33How dare you
01:27:34put your head
01:27:36over the head of a general
01:27:38who fought so many battles?
01:27:40Skrzynecki is a traitor!
01:27:42Shubienica is waiting for him!
01:27:44Treason!
01:27:46What do these screams
01:27:48in the face of the government
01:27:50mean?
01:27:52I am calling on you
01:27:54to immediately
01:27:56leave his office.
01:27:58I assure you
01:28:00that both Skrzynecki
01:28:02and Dębiński
01:28:04will remain
01:28:06completely obedient
01:28:08to the government.
01:28:10And the countermeasures
01:28:12will be carried out
01:28:14for no other purpose
01:28:16than the military.
01:28:17I have ordered General Marsz
01:28:20to stand guard.
01:28:23The 18th Infantry Battalion
01:28:25and the Squadron of Jazda
01:28:27are ready.
01:28:29They expect
01:28:31an order from the government.
01:28:33They expect
01:28:35an order from the government.
01:28:37They expect
01:28:39an order from the government.
01:28:41They expect
01:28:43an order from the government.
01:28:45They expect
01:28:47an order from the government.
01:28:49General,
01:28:51the will of the government
01:28:53is for peace and order
01:28:55to be strictly maintained.
01:28:57And that is why
01:28:59I urge you
01:29:01to use all means
01:29:03necessary for this.
01:29:05Very well.
01:29:07But it is my duty
01:29:09to warn the government
01:29:11that blood may flow.
01:29:13Law and order
01:29:15should prevail.
01:29:17Law and order
01:29:19should prevail.
01:29:21But in the meantime
01:29:23I have to start
01:29:25with the Patriotic Society.
01:29:27Because it is a tool
01:29:29for all unrest.
01:29:31And at the head
01:29:33of this Society
01:29:35is a member of the government.
01:29:38You, Mr. Lelevel,
01:29:40are his guide.
01:29:42You are his commander.
01:29:43Why are you ordering him?
01:29:46What about me?
01:29:48I didn't tell them anything.
01:29:52They don't want to listen to me.
01:30:01General,
01:30:03they are shooting at the castle.
01:30:05The delegation
01:30:07couldn't calm the people.
01:30:09In the evening
01:30:10General Lelevel
01:30:12went to the castle
01:30:14and took the people
01:30:16arrested for
01:30:18espionage or treason.
01:30:20And he immediately
01:30:22committed suicide.
01:30:24Similar scenes
01:30:26were repeated
01:30:28in other Warsaw prisons.
01:30:30A total of several dozen people
01:30:32were killed.
01:30:34A riotous crowd
01:30:36was looking for
01:30:38General Skrzynecki
01:30:40and his patriotic supporters
01:30:42through his press
01:30:44and meetings.
01:30:46But the patriotic left
01:30:48couldn't direct these events.
01:30:50It couldn't make them
01:30:52a real weapon
01:30:54in a political fight.
01:30:56It couldn't take over the power
01:30:58or give it
01:31:00a more radical direction.
01:31:02As a result,
01:31:04the national government
01:31:06fell apart,
01:31:08but a military force
01:31:10was able to restore
01:31:12order.
01:31:14The frightened Sejm
01:31:16strengthened the competence
01:31:18of the President
01:31:20and entrusted it
01:31:22to General Krukowiecki
01:31:24who was pleased
01:31:26with the popularity
01:31:28of various political groups
01:31:30including some
01:31:32leftist activists.
01:31:34Krukowiecki, however,
01:31:36arrested patriotic activists
01:31:37and in order to frighten the people
01:31:39and satisfy the right
01:31:41he publicly
01:31:43executed
01:31:45five people
01:31:47who took part in the trial.
01:31:49The new commandment
01:31:51under the leadership
01:31:53of General Kazimierz Małachowski
01:31:55took action
01:31:57in the east
01:31:59despite the main enemy
01:32:01forces being in the west.
01:32:03The 20,000th corps
01:32:05of General Ramorini
01:32:07and the success of this expedition
01:32:09didn't make up for the fact
01:32:11that the forces defending the capital
01:32:13were seriously weakened.
01:32:1535,000 soldiers defended it.
01:32:17The city was not sufficiently prepared
01:32:19to fight.
01:32:21The people were disarmed.
01:32:23The enemy also had a crushing advantage
01:32:25in the artillery.
01:32:28On September 6th
01:32:30the 70,000th army of Paskiewicz
01:32:32went to attack Warsaw.
01:32:34After fierce battles on the front line
01:32:35the heroically defended Wola fell.
01:32:37The Reduta No. 54
01:32:39which was later named
01:32:41after its commander,
01:32:43Captain Ordon,
01:32:45flew into the air.
01:32:47Wounded Piotr Wysocki
01:32:49was taken prisoner.
01:32:51General Szowiński
01:32:53was killed on Szajnce.
01:33:03Krukowiecki,
01:33:05after the capitulation
01:33:07without the consent of the Sejm,
01:33:09was removed from the presidency.
01:33:11It was handed over
01:33:13to Bonaventura Niemojewska.
01:33:16After the second line of defense
01:33:18was broken
01:33:20the decision was made
01:33:22to surrender the capital to the enemy.
01:33:24On September 8th
01:33:26the Sejm and the army
01:33:28left the city.
01:33:30The new commander-in-chief
01:33:32General Maciej Rybiński
01:33:33was ordered to coordinate
01:33:35the actions of the troops
01:33:37whose numbers are still significant.
01:33:3970,000 soldiers.
01:33:48At the beginning of October 1831
01:33:52a decision was made
01:33:54to cross the Prussian border
01:33:56and emigrate en masse
01:33:58as a sign that the uprising
01:34:00does not capitulate
01:34:02Soon
01:34:04the last points of resistance
01:34:06were given up.
01:34:08On October 9th
01:34:10there was a prayer
01:34:12and on the 21st there was a siege.
01:34:14After about 11 months
01:34:16the uprising fell.
01:34:22Despite the misfortune
01:34:24that touched us
01:34:26in this uprising,
01:34:28despite the whole
01:34:29delusional political and military system
01:34:31in which these matters
01:34:33were brought to a collapse,
01:34:35despite the worsening
01:34:37incompetence in power
01:34:39and sometimes
01:34:41bad will in people,
01:34:43despite nothing
01:34:45justified
01:34:47in the end.
01:34:49The last act
01:34:51of the Polish nation
01:34:53is its sudden deprivation
01:34:55of the 15-year-old slave
01:34:57is great.
01:35:00What was
01:35:02what could have been
01:35:04for Poland
01:35:06the Revolution of 1929?
01:35:08It manifested itself
01:35:10in its several decisive moments,
01:35:12in its several colossal battles.
01:35:15The soldiers of Grochów,
01:35:17Ostrołęki,
01:35:19Boremla
01:35:21were the real representatives
01:35:23of this matter.
01:35:26Their works and graves
01:35:27show the entire energy
01:35:29of the Polish people.
01:35:32The Polish people
01:35:34who are still singing
01:35:36Poland is not dead yet
01:35:38expresses
01:35:40with these short words
01:35:43the deepest maxim
01:35:45of its existence.
01:35:48The faith is
01:35:50and this knowledge
01:35:52will crush the alien yoke.
01:35:54It is alive
01:35:55and strong
01:35:58because it did not succumb
01:36:00under the weight
01:36:02of its own misfortunes.
01:36:05From experience
01:36:07one can say
01:36:09nations
01:36:11do not die.
01:36:14With all this
01:36:16despite any faith
01:36:18which nation
01:36:20has in its own existence
01:36:22is a matter
01:36:23in the current situation
01:36:25the most important
01:36:27to understand the reasons
01:36:29for which we have not yet
01:36:31been able to defeat
01:36:33our enemies.
01:36:37There is no doubt
01:36:40that only through a new uprising
01:36:43we can regain
01:36:46the whole
01:36:49and
01:36:51the indivisible.
01:36:53Poland
01:36:56Poland
01:36:59The women
01:37:01we didn't have
01:37:04Poland
01:37:07next to us
01:37:10Poland
01:37:12people
01:37:14with us
01:37:17Poland
01:37:18next to us
01:37:20Poland
01:37:21♪♪
01:37:31♪♪
01:37:41♪♪
01:37:51♪♪
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01:38:11♪♪
01:38:21♪♪
01:38:31♪♪
01:38:41♪♪