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00:00Hagoog, I'm a bit embarrassed, but this is the 9th time you treat your daughter, and you can't be embarrassing to me.
00:06You son, every time you come from the same family, are you the chef of the gateau?
00:09Do you think I'm wrong?
00:10Didn't you tell me to write two lines of a poem and that's it?
00:12Poem?
00:13Yes, the one you're reading.
00:14Respect yourself.
00:15If I didn't have all the food, I wouldn't be treating your daughter.
00:18It's a must.
00:19I want one of the two drinks.
00:20Do you think it's that easy?
00:22Yes, it's not easy.
00:24We buy coffee.
00:25Shame on you, Hagoog.
00:26You have a lot of moves.
00:27What are you talking about?
00:28I'm talking about Hagoog.
00:30Let's get serious.
00:31What do you do for a living?
00:32Can't you tell by my accent?
00:34I think you're a writer.
00:36And you're happy with your job?
00:37I'm telling you, I'm a writer.
00:38Every time I sit in the cemetery, my knees hurt.
00:42You know the squat?
00:43I do it.
00:44Look, son.
00:45There's a problem.
00:46Stop this marriage.
00:47Problem?
00:48What's the problem, Abu Ra?
00:49You don't know what's going on in your family?
00:51I can't leave you.
00:52I'm worried, son.
00:53Never.
00:54Never, Titi.
00:55No, I'm telling you, Hagoog.
00:56I'm from a big family.
00:57My grandfather died in the battle of Qadesh.
00:59He was martyred.
01:00I heard he died before the battle started.
01:01Ah!
01:02He died of fear.
01:03He's a nice guy.
01:04I can see that.
01:05Hagoog, I'm sorry, Hagoog.
01:07We're from a big family.
01:09My daughter and I love each other.
01:11Where do you live?
01:12I live in Alhamdulillah, Haram.
01:13Haram?
01:14You're going to sit my daughter in the cemetery?
01:15And the joy?
01:16You're going to throw her a sacrifice at night?
01:18Don't worry.
01:19I'm going to throw her on the road with the military wheels.
01:22From Abu Simbel to Abu Lahor.
01:24And we're going to have a good time.
01:25We're going to have 40 of Al-Mahla.
01:27And 20 of Al-Shabqa.
01:28And we're going to have a good time with Al-Maghamma.
01:30It's amazing.
01:32The whole party is going to be on her.
01:33She's going to have a cigarette and a cigarette.
01:38Isn't that the best?
01:39Ah, I ruined your family.
01:41Yes.
01:42It's cold, Hagoog.
01:43It's cold, my son.
01:49Dear viewers, peace be upon you.
01:50And welcome to a new episode of The Guest Show.
01:54This episode will be a historical episode
01:57I will take you on a very short tour
01:59Its duration is from 3,000 to 5,000 years
02:02Let's not take too long
02:03This tour is in the history of the Pharaonic civilization
02:06Zahi Hawass of YouTube will be with you
02:09Ahmad Al-Ghandour in his show, The Victim
02:12Let me just, dear viewers, before I start
02:14Let me explain to you that a very large percentage
02:17Of the information that we will talk about in this episode
02:19Has differences
02:20So it is very normal that there is a difference in information
02:22This says this, and this says this
02:24Do we agree?
02:24We agree
02:25Let's start, dear viewers
02:26Fasten your seatbelts
02:28And let's go
02:28In the year 3150 B.C.
02:31Egypt was unified
02:32Narmer, or Mina, the king of the south
02:34Occupies the north
02:35And does as some historians describe
02:38The first country in the world
02:39Egypt
02:40How did we know that?
02:41Through one of the oldest historical documents
02:44Which is called the Narmer Palate
02:45The Narmer plate that is in the picture
02:47If you look at this document
02:48You will find this amazing scene
02:50You will always find the king 4 or 5 times bigger
02:52Than the other people on the plate
02:54Narmer, wearing the big turban that the kings of the south wore
02:56And he hits
02:58He slaps like this
02:59And on the other plate, you will find the king
03:01Narmer the victor
03:02Wearing the turban
03:03The northern flag and the southern flag
03:04And the unification of Egypt takes place
03:06This is Mina, the unification of the two continents
03:07The northern continent and the southern continent
03:09And the kingdom begins with the first family
03:11Someone told me
03:11No, our new kingdom doesn't need a capital
03:14To manage the affairs of the country
03:15And here it begins
03:16From
03:16Or Memphis
03:17And bureaucracy appears
03:19Thank God
03:20Now we have a state and a capital
03:21And bureaucracy moves this capital
03:23Our life is like honey
03:24Let's start thinking about our future
03:26We want to make our own grave
03:28Where do we bury?
03:29Anyway
03:29The Egyptians didn't like to build a nearby grave
03:32They used to bury it in a place called Abydos
03:34Why, uncle Pharaoh of this Pharaoh?
03:35Dear viewer
03:36As you know, Egyptians are known to be religious people
03:39Your uncle Osiris in the myth
03:40Where was he buried?
03:41He was buried there
03:42So we will do this
03:43Anyway, dear viewer
03:44The Pharaoh is doing this
03:45And the scholars of the excavations and the Egyptians are going crazy
03:47We will continue to compile Quran
03:48Bureaucracy even when we are dead
03:49You still have to keep going to get something in the end
03:52Dear viewer
03:52What happened is true for the Egyptologists
03:54Egyptologists
03:55Especially when you know that the kings were building two graves
03:58Two graves or where?
03:59A grave in the south and a grave in the north
04:01One in Abydos and one in Saqqara
04:02What do you mean, guys?
04:03I'm in the south and in the north
04:05No, it's a lie
04:06Anyway
04:06This was the first family
04:08Then came the second family
04:09It lasted about 200 years
04:11Then the third family comes
04:13And starts with the king Zoser
04:14This was the first one to build a pyramid
04:16Thanks to the genius engineer
04:18M.Hotib
04:18This, according to some sources
04:20Was the first building in history
04:22Made of stone
04:23A great engineering work
04:24Thanks to him
04:25But not great yet
04:26When will the great come?
04:27When the king Senefero comes
04:29Founder of the fourth family
04:30And maybe the funny thing about it
04:32His name in Greek is Saweris
04:33So he built his pyramids
04:35It's not true
04:36Anyway
04:36This real man
04:37In his time, he built three pyramids
04:39Someone told me
04:40What's special, Abu Hamid?
04:41Zoser was the first one to build a big pyramid
04:43Dear viewer
04:44Zoser's pyramid
04:45It was not a very big pyramid
04:48It was a pedestal
04:49With a smaller pedestal on top
04:50And a smaller pedestal on top
04:51A lot of pedestals on top
04:52My pride
04:52With a square on top of a square
04:53The first one, uncle
04:54Thanks to him
04:55But there's a better one
04:56Uncle Senefero
04:57Wanted to build a pyramid
04:58Like the one we know today
05:00And this
05:00Wasn't easy at all
05:01The first attempt to build it
05:02Was a medium pyramid
05:03And this, as you can see
05:05Doesn't look like a pyramid
05:06It looks like a tower
05:07Will Senefero give up?
05:08No
05:08He'll build another one
05:09In the desert
05:10This time
05:10He'll learn from his mistake
05:11And he'll fix the pyramid
05:12Yes, dear viewer
05:13He learned from his mistake
05:14But he made another mistake
05:16And the new pyramid came out
05:16As you can see
05:18He made it like this
05:18A bed on the bottom
05:19And a bed on the top
05:20Oh my
05:21What's wrong with you, old man?
05:21Don't you know how to build a pyramid for a man?
05:23You need a man to die
05:24He needs a place to bury himself
05:26Will Senefero give up?
05:27No
05:27I'll live to the end
05:28I won't die in my grave
05:30In the best shape
05:31He'll build a third one
05:32This pyramid is known today
05:33As the red pyramid
05:34And this, dear viewer
05:35Was the first pyramid
05:36As we know it today
05:37Because it looks like this
05:38Triangle
05:39It was a great work
05:40He's a great man
05:40One of the most important pharaohs
05:41The one who built Senefero
05:42Was a great thing
05:43A great engineering work
05:44That lasted for thousands of years
05:46But think about it, dear viewer
05:47Imagine the effort and money
05:48That went from the state treasury
05:50To build three pyramids
05:51For a king to bury himself in
05:52Anyway
05:53Great Senefero dies
05:54And his son Khof comes after him
05:56Yes, dear viewer
05:57Now
05:58We know how to build pyramids
05:59What do we do?
06:00We build the biggest building
06:01In the history of mankind
06:03We build an engineering miracle
06:05No one has ever done it
06:05And no one will do it like it
06:07For thousands of years
06:08According to some sources
06:09This will remain the longest building
06:11On the surface of the earth
06:12For thousands of years
06:13The biggest pyramid
06:14Khof's pyramid
06:14Its length is about 150 meters
06:16And its length is about 146-147 meters
06:18In this range
06:19According to wearing
06:20High heels today
06:21There's a party
06:22There's a...
06:22The base of it
06:23The pyramid
06:2452,000 square meters
06:26And made of 2.5 million
06:29Rocks
06:29Each rock
06:30Weighs 2 tons
06:31This building
06:32One of the most buildings
06:34That came out of it
06:34Theories and rumors
06:36Dear viewer
06:37We are talking about
06:38A huge engineering work
06:40No, no
06:40Khof is great
06:41He was a great pharaoh
06:42According to
06:43The great Greek historian
06:44Herodotus
06:45He was a travel vlogger
06:46Like the chef Fayed and Ariah
06:48When this man came to Egypt
06:49After building pyramids
06:51For about 2000 years
06:52He was saying
06:53That more than 90,000 people
06:55Worked on this great work
06:57Of course, 90,000 is a huge number
06:59We don't know how many people we were
07:00But this is a really big number
07:01And this is one of the reasons
07:02That makes people doubt Herodotus
07:04Anyway
07:05This was Herodotus's words
07:06About how many people
07:07Built this huge building
07:09But
07:09According to him
07:1090,000 people worked on it
07:12And of course
07:12You get upset
07:13About the workers
07:14Who worked on this
07:15Very hard work
07:16Because Khof
07:17Found a big place to bury them
07:18But it was enough
07:20They did a great thing
07:21We eat from it
07:22And live until today
07:23And take pictures with it
07:24And make the episode
07:25That we stand like this
07:26And say
07:26We are putting our hands
07:28On the pyramids
07:29You have to be more creative
07:30In your pictures
07:30What's wrong with that?
07:31Khof, if he knew
07:32What we were doing
07:32He wouldn't have built it
07:33Why don't we go take pictures
07:34And put our fingers on it?
07:35What's wrong with that?
07:36I'm sorry, dear
07:37I can't do that
07:37And the people who are leaving
07:38Kiss their asses
07:39What's wrong with that?
07:40I don't care
07:40But it's nice
07:41Come to Egypt
07:42The important thing is
07:42It was a great construction
07:44And those were their religious beliefs
07:45So we don't want to be judgmental
07:47The Pharaoh
07:48Was a sacred thing
07:49So he deserves to be given something like that
07:51They left
07:51But they did a great thing
07:52The Pharaoh
07:53And us after that
07:54Once and that's it
07:55Okay
07:55We built
07:56A big pyramid
07:57Is that enough for us?
07:58No
07:59Almost
07:59Every king comes after him
08:00And says
08:00I want to build a great pyramid like this
08:02Come on
08:02Let's wake up the people
08:03Come on, build a pyramid like this
08:04Come on
08:05We didn't build it once
08:05A very big one
08:06No, I want to build one
08:07Okay
08:08Khofra comes
08:09And builds his pyramid
08:10And Abulhol
08:11Who by the way
08:11He didn't build it by himself
08:13Really Abu Ahmed?
08:14He didn't build it by himself?
08:15No, of course
08:16By himself
08:17During the French campaign
08:18He brought more than 150 scholars
08:20To study Egypt
08:20He was very pleased with the Egyptian civilization
08:22Don't do that
08:22And he didn't sit down
08:23Because of the objections to the Egyptian works
08:25So what Ameer Eid said is not true
08:26He didn't see a dinosaur
08:27Or a patriarch
08:28Or what Abulhol saw
08:29After that
08:30He comes from Qara
08:30And builds his small pyramid
08:32And dear viewers
08:33The small pyramid
08:34Makes you understand that the situation
08:35Hasn't been perfect
08:37Like it used to be
08:38And it's clear that the sun
08:39Has started to go down
08:39And one of the most important families
08:41In the history of Egypt
08:42Is the fifth family
08:43And the situation
08:44Isn't exactly the same as the first one
08:45Then comes the sixth family
08:46He builds his pyramid
08:47In a small pyramid
08:48But the situation
08:49Hasn't been improved
08:50And this is the last important king
08:51In the sixth family
08:52The second Bibi
08:53This man
08:53Dear viewers
08:54According to some sources
08:55The most important ruler
08:57In human history
08:5894 years
09:00Can you imagine?
09:0094 years
09:01Can you imagine?
09:02He started ruling Egypt
09:03When he was a child
09:04He was 6 years old
09:05And after that
09:05How many kings?
09:06Doesn't matter
09:07The Egyptian pharaohic state
09:09Collapsed for the first time
09:10In history
09:11The Egyptian scholars
09:12Divided the story
09:13First
09:13You have the old kingdom
09:15Which we're still talking about
09:16Which has a lot of sniffle
09:17Fear
09:17And fear
09:18And all that
09:18And then
09:19The first transitional period
09:20Or the period of descent
09:21And then the medieval kingdom
09:22And then the second transitional period
09:24And then
09:25The new kingdom
09:26Anyway
09:27This transitional period
09:28Which the Egyptian state
09:29Was supposed to fall in
09:30Extended for about
09:31150
09:32200 years
09:33According to some sources
09:34Unfortunately, we don't know much about this period
09:36But from books
09:37Translated by someone like Maneto
09:38Which is
09:39So we can guess
09:41How this period was done
09:42According to him
09:43This period had
09:4470 kings
09:44In 70 days
09:45Which is when you want to talk to an Egyptian
09:46Who do you want to talk to?
09:47Of course, dear viewers
09:48It's not necessary for the information to be accurate
09:50And it's probably not true
09:51To a large extent
09:51But this information
09:52Gives you an impression
09:53Of what the world was like at that time
09:54In Egypt in general
09:55It's known
09:56That the longer the pharaoh
09:57Spent a long period
09:57The longer the period of stability
09:59Which is
10:0030-40 years
10:01Not 94
10:02But
10:02What we can understand
10:03Is that it was clearly
10:05A period of fluctuations
10:06And a state of chaos
10:07Which is the medieval kingdom
10:08Some sources say
10:10That there were
10:11Two families
10:11The 11th and the 12th
10:12The 11th family was very nice
10:14They all had the name Entif
10:15Or the first name today
10:16Entif
10:17Entif went
10:17Entif came
10:18I want to talk to the king
10:19They said
10:20Go ahead, Entif
10:20What is Entif, sir?
10:22I want to talk to the king
10:23Yes, Entif
10:23Okay, okay
10:24Where is he?
10:25Anyway
10:25They were trying to reunite Egypt
10:27And reunite it again
10:28They honestly
10:29To our knowledge
10:29Didn't succeed
10:30But we can say
10:31That they were on the right path
10:33Then came the 12th family
10:34Known as
10:35The Manto-Hutibs
10:36Thank God
10:37They succeeded
10:37But
10:39Then
10:39Came the 13th and 14th family
10:41And then
10:41Entif entered Egypt
10:43Oh my God
10:44Dear viewer
10:45The 15th family
10:46Wasn't Egyptian
10:47What was it like?
10:48Where did it come from?
10:48I always wanted to tell you
10:49Dear viewer
10:50But
10:51The pharaohs
10:51Had a very bad habit
10:53What is it, Abu Humeid?
10:53They never
10:54Wrote about their bad days
10:55They weren't afraid of envy
10:56If you look at their war documents
10:58You'll see that the kings don't lose
10:59Everything is written
11:00Victory of the pharaohs
11:01That's why
11:02When we search
11:03Who are these Entifs
11:04We won't find anything
11:04Even
11:05Their name is Entif
11:06Kings
11:06From strange lands
11:07Some theories say
11:08They're from Western Asia
11:09Anyway
11:10The Huxoos came
11:11And ruled
11:11And this
11:12Was a transitional period
11:13It might have been
11:14Hard for Egypt
11:15But Ahmus
11:16Came and kicked them out
11:16This
11:17Was the second transitional period
11:19In Egypt's history
11:20So we saw the old kingdom
11:21Then a transitional period
11:22Then the medieval kingdom
11:23Which had the Manto-Hutibs
11:24And then the second transitional period
11:26Of the Huxoos
11:27And then
11:28We start
11:29With the third kingdom
11:30Which will be started
11:31By the monotheist
11:32Ahmus
11:33And then Ahmus
11:34Kicks out the Huxoos
11:35And the new kingdom starts
11:36And then
11:37One of the most important families
11:38In the pharaonic history
11:39Dear viewers
11:40This is my favorite story
11:41And for any Egyptologist
11:42This is the one with the action
11:43And all the suspense
11:44We see
11:45Thutmose I
11:46Thutmose
11:46And we see an army
11:47A standing army
11:48A regimental army
11:49And according to some sources
11:50This was the first regimental army in history
11:51We see the army
11:52Going down to the Nuba
11:53And going to the Levant and Iraq
11:54And we see
11:55We see the transition of the burial
11:57To the Valley of Kings
11:58As everyone knows
11:58Dear viewers
11:59Egyptians are believers
12:00In the afterlife
12:01Resurrectionists
12:02So of course
12:02They put the things they need
12:04In the afterlife
12:05In the grave
12:05Gold
12:06Jewels
12:06Weapons
12:07To be ready
12:07For when they move
12:09But during crises
12:10Like the transitional period
12:11Where there was the Huxoos
12:12The Harami
12:12Who was present
12:13He says
12:13Look uncle
12:14This is a big grave
12:15Of course the king is buried inside
12:17And of course
12:17With all his stuff
12:18Gold
12:19Weapons
12:19And jewels
12:20We will go and steal
12:22And the living
12:22Will be left from the dead
12:23And he will be with God
12:24In this afterlife
12:25This subject
12:25Dear viewers
12:26Was a kind of transfer
12:27No more
12:27Fakes
12:28We will stop building graves
12:29People will know
12:29That we are buried there
12:30And they will go and steal us
12:31We will be buried in a place
12:32That is kind of
12:33Easy to guard
12:34Something like
12:34The Valley of Kings
12:35Not only that
12:36What else Abu Hamid?
12:37There is something
12:37I find
12:38Very important
12:39In this family
12:40There was a confirmation
12:41Of the importance of the role of the woman
12:42We see an important role
12:43For the queens
12:44Indeed
12:44The importance of the woman in Egypt
12:45Was not obvious
12:46The importance of her in other civilizations
12:47At that time
12:47Look
12:48You know how many female slaves
12:49In the Pharaonic Egypt
12:50Hatshepsut
12:51And Nefertiti
12:51And Nefertari
12:52You know how many of them
12:53In any other ancient civilization
12:54You know one
12:54Greek
12:55Or Sumerian
12:56Indeed
12:56At that time
12:57It was agreed upon
12:57Between the Egyptian scholars
12:58That the woman was
12:59Very important
13:00In Egypt
13:00More than many other civilizations
13:02Ancient civilizations
13:02Like Greece
13:03And according to
13:04Some Egyptian scholars
13:05The king
13:05Used to be a king
13:06To marry the right woman
13:08From the right offspring
13:09That's how he became a king
13:09We see
13:10Ordinary people
13:10Not sons of kings for example
13:11And they remain
13:12Ordinary kings
13:13Like for example
13:13According to some sources
13:14The first Thutmose
13:15Who was a military leader
13:16Married the daughter of Ahmose
13:18That's how he became a pharaoh
13:19Someone tells me
13:19No
13:20The pharaoh is not supposed to
13:21Be from the royal family
13:22No
13:22Marry the right woman
13:24To make him a king
13:24The woman
13:25Is capable of that
13:26Just marry her
13:27To make him a king
13:28And not only capable of that
13:29She can also
13:30Become a queen
13:30And rule
13:31Like the great
13:32Hatshepsut
13:32The first Thutmose's daughter
13:33And the second Thutmose's wife
13:34This woman
13:35Is one of the first
13:36Women to rule the world
13:37Not the first one in Egypt
13:38I know
13:38But it's very hard
13:39To find someone like her
13:40Can you imagine?
13:41One woman
13:41In this ancient age
13:43Holding one of the most important
13:44Civilizations
13:45Above her
13:45Can you imagine?
13:46For an ancient civilization
13:47One woman
13:47Is the one who rules all of this
13:49And not any other civilization
13:49She's one of the most important
13:51Civilizations of her time
13:51She was stronger than Merkel
13:52In her time
13:53And she has things
13:53And achievements
13:54That are very famous
13:54Maybe the most beautiful temple
13:55You can see in Egypt
13:56The Temple of the Sea God
13:57And it's said
13:58That the tallest statue in Egypt
13:59Is the statue of Hatshepsut
14:00In the Temple of Karnak
14:01Because she loved statues
14:02And yeah
14:03A statue can carry
14:03450 tons
14:05Can you imagine?
14:05But it's okay
14:06We can build statues
14:07She was a very important woman
14:08And when she died
14:09She was buried in the Valley of Kings
14:10Actually
14:10Hatshepsut's qualities
14:11Are very sharp
14:12Even
14:12On a personal level
14:13And let me tell you
14:14The king in Egypt
14:15Scientifically
14:16Can't get married
14:16After his wife
14:17So it's said
14:18That Hatshepsut
14:18Had a lover
14:19Called Senmat
14:20The reason
14:20That makes us say that
14:21Is that this man
14:22In her time
14:23Was very well-organized
14:24And he had many titles
14:25The most important one
14:25Is that he was in charge
14:26Of the Temple of the Sea God
14:27And he has two tombs
14:28And he's not the king's son
14:29So what?
14:30Don't lie
14:31This
14:31At the time
14:31It was the talk of the hour
14:32Some analysis say
14:33That his grave
14:34In the Temple of the Sea God
14:34And her grave
14:35In the Valley of Kings
14:36Were going in the same direction
14:37What does that mean?
14:38So when he dies
14:38And comes to another life
14:39They live together
14:40The truth
14:41Is that the whole story
14:42Needs to be made into episodes
14:43And Hatshepsut specifically
14:45Needs a whole episode
14:46I love it
14:46It's true
14:47After she died
14:47A few years ago
14:48As you say
14:49A movement appeared
14:49To erase
14:50Any historical existence
14:51It's said
14:52That some pharaohs
14:52Saw
14:53That it's not allowed
14:54To record in history
14:55That a woman
14:55Ruled Egypt
14:56But this movement
14:57Didn't succeed
14:58With all the evidence
14:58That we know about it
14:59Now
14:59Anyway
15:00After my favorite queen
15:02Hatshepsut
15:02Holds the throne of the third
15:04One of the greatest military leaders
15:05In Egyptian history
15:06And let me tell you something
15:07I find it funny
15:08The ancient Egyptians
15:09Didn't believe in peace
15:10They could have been from the house of peace
15:11But in reality
15:12They didn't believe in peace
15:13Their weapons
15:13That we know of
15:14Are not for defense
15:15They loved to occupy
15:16Let's expand
15:17If God has a beautiful country next to us
15:18Don't come and occupy it
15:19And let
15:20Those who occupy them
15:20Pay
15:21But the problem
15:22Is that the ancient Egyptians
15:23Didn't like to leave Egypt at all
15:25So of course
15:25They used to go and occupy people
15:26Or
15:27And leave
15:28There are people who say
15:28No
15:29The Egyptians left
15:30And where did they go?
15:30We don't pay
15:31When Thutmose is going
15:32To occupy them again
15:33According to some sources
15:34Thutmose
15:35For 18 years
15:36In a row
15:37He used to go with his army
15:38To occupy this same area
15:39In the Levant
15:40But
15:40Don't just sit there
15:41Why do you keep saying
15:42We're coming, we're coming
15:43And we want to start
15:44Occupying from a distance
15:45What's wrong with that?
15:46What's wrong with that?
15:47Imagine the number of martyrs
15:47Every year
15:48Anyway
15:49The kings passed
15:49Until we reach
15:50One of the most
15:52Radical rulers
15:53In history
15:54Someone very extremist
15:55For the Egyptians
15:56In his ideas at the time
15:57And that is
15:57Amun Khotib IV
15:58Which was later called
16:00Akhenaten
16:01Changing the name
16:01In ancient Egypt
16:02Is very important
16:03Because he was telling you
16:04About the loyalty of the religious pharaohs
16:05So when his name is
16:06Amun Khotib
16:07So his religious loyalty
16:08Is probably to Amun
16:09When he changed his name
16:10To Akhenaten
16:11So his loyalty here
16:11Is to Aten
16:12And this is very dangerous
16:13Not only that
16:14Akhenaten
16:15Started calling
16:16For the worship of Aten only
16:17There is only one god
16:18We will worship him all
16:19This is dear viewers
16:20And we know
16:21That almost
16:22Most civilizations at the time
16:23Worshiped several gods
16:24Akhenaten
16:25According to some scholars
16:26The first one to call
16:27For the worship of one god
16:28Pay attention
16:29This is the first thing we know
16:30This was a very revolutionary thing
16:32For the Egyptians
16:32And also his claim
16:33And this is a new thing
16:34That this god
16:35Is the god of all
16:36This is a new thing for historians
16:38Not only that
16:38He is renting
16:39The palace
16:39Which is supposed to be the capital
16:40And he goes to live
16:41In the hills of Amarna
16:42This is supposed to be a desert
16:43Can you imagine?
16:43The truth is
16:44We don't know if he was the one
16:45Who decided to go
16:45Or the priests
16:46Who bothered him
16:47It is supposed
16:47That he was a big and strong pharaoh
16:49But some theories say
16:50That what he was doing
16:51Powered many people
16:52And some theories say
16:53That he
16:54Didn't let people
16:54Worship one god
16:55Because he was a monotheist or something
16:56But he was normal
16:57Do you want to control the country?
16:58Sorry guys
16:59We all worship one god
17:00And you should have listened to me
17:01Not every now and then
17:01We find a group of people
17:02Worshipping one god
17:03This country
17:04Has one god
17:05And this god
17:05I am the only one
17:06Who can communicate with him
17:07Anyway
17:07The second city
17:08That he went to
17:08It is said
17:09That it is very beautiful
17:10Not only because
17:11It is a new city
17:12That was built from the beginning
17:12But also because it was
17:13As you say
17:14A laboratory
17:15When you come
17:16To study the history of the Egyptians
17:17You will find them
17:17Really conservative
17:18They don't like change
17:19Whether on the religious
17:20Or the political
17:21Or the artistic
17:22The artistic
17:22Which is supposed to be
17:23Creativity
17:23When for example
17:24You go to this city
17:25You see
17:25A new art
17:26You see
17:27The statues of Akhenaten
17:28Very special
17:29You find his face
17:29Long like this
17:30You find him
17:30With his sons
17:31This is a very new thing
17:32About Pharaoh
17:32That he is portrayed
17:33As someone
17:34With his family
17:35This is new
17:35Of course
17:36As you saw
17:36The image like this
17:37And its shape
17:37May be
17:38Strange
17:38From the shape of the pharaoh
17:39So I don't know
17:39If this was
17:40An artistic style
17:41Or he
17:41Was really like this
17:42But we see
17:43Nefertiti
17:43His wife
17:44Sometimes
17:44She is dressed
17:45In the same way
17:46That's why
17:46Some Egyptian scientists
17:47Say that
17:48It was mostly
17:48An artistic style
17:49Not only that
17:49Also Akhenaten
17:50Has things like this
17:51You feel that
17:51It is really
17:52Really
17:53For example
17:54For a long time
17:55The ancient Egyptians
17:56Buried their dead
17:57On the west of the Nile
17:57Because this is the place
17:58Where they sunbathed
17:59In this city
18:00It was in the east
18:00Imagine
18:01At that time
18:01It was a very revolutionary thing
18:02This is a destruction
18:03Of the foundations and the foundations
18:04In religion
18:05In art
18:05And in customs
18:06The important thing is
18:07Akhenaten dies
18:08Or in a correct meaning
18:09Our knowledge about him
18:10Ends in the year of his 17th reign
18:11What will happen after that?
18:13This is a very important question
18:14And many discussions were going on
18:15Will we go to the new religion
18:17That this man brought?
18:18Or will we go back to Luxor
18:19To see our old religion?
18:20I swear
18:20We don't know exactly
18:21What happened
18:22But what we do know
18:22Is that
18:23What was left of him
18:23From his children
18:24Was a girl
18:24And a boy
18:25Who is the boy?
18:26Tutankhamun
18:26What?
18:27What?
18:27What?
18:28What?
18:28Tutankhamun
18:29Of course you will say
18:30No Abu Ahmed
18:30How is this?
18:31This is the first time I hear about him
18:32Wait dear viewer
18:33After Tutankhamun
18:35He holds the throne
18:36And he is 9 years old
18:37His name
18:38The famous name
18:39Tutankhamun
18:40And he goes back to Luxor
18:41And we go back to the old religion
18:42I swear to you Tut
18:43You give up your father's religion?
18:45I swear dear viewer
18:46Actually
18:46We can't really discuss his decision
18:48At that time he was 9 years old
18:49Most likely
18:50Who made this decision
18:51Was someone older than him
18:52Dear viewer
18:53Tutankhamun
18:53His importance
18:54Was not in his achievements
18:55Nor in his conquests
18:56Nor did he do anything
18:57Almost revolutionary at all
18:58He also went back
18:59To the old form
19:00He went back to the old form
19:01Come on guys
19:01Sacrifice Amun again
19:02Abu Al-Haj
19:03But he is the second one
19:03The condition is
19:04He is the one who made this decision
19:05The importance of Tutankhamun
19:06The real one
19:07Not in his life
19:08In his death
19:09In his body
19:10One of the Egyptology scholars
19:11Was saying
19:12That maybe Cleopatra
19:13Didn't know who he was
19:14He died when he was
19:15Almost 19 years old
19:16But he
19:16For the Egyptian scholars
19:17Was someone very important
19:19His grave
19:20Was a historical treasure
19:21This
19:22Was one of the first graves
19:23We found
19:24And I didn't steal it
19:25And it has artistic treasures
19:26Even for the modern era
19:27Look dear viewer
19:28How convinced he was
19:29Very impressive
19:30And in fact
19:31Much more impressive
19:32And if you get the chance
19:33Dear viewer
19:34Go see it
19:35Dear viewer
19:36I really want to talk a lot
19:37About his age
19:38And his age in his grave
19:39But this needs a lot of time
19:40We can do it in another episode
19:41Anyway
19:42After Tutankhamun
19:43His minister
19:44I
19:45And it is said that this man
19:46Was the reason for his death
19:47Anyway
19:48He died after 3 or 4 years
19:49And we notice a crisis
19:50The last three
19:51Didn't have a heir
19:52Neither Tutankhamun
19:53Nor I
19:54Nor Hurim
19:55And not having a heir
19:56Was confusing
19:57And it is said
19:58That one of the reasons
19:59For Ramses I's arrival
20:00Was that he
20:01Not only had a son
20:02But also a grandson
20:03So he knew how to live in stability
20:04And so
20:05The 19th family started
20:06After Ramses
20:07Comes Seti
20:08The ruler and ruler of everything
20:09But his son
20:10The great Ramses
20:11The second Ramses
20:12Was one of the greatest pharaohs of Egypt
20:13And the one who made him the city of Ramses
20:14And the one who stopped him
20:15We Egyptians
20:16When we love someone
20:17We stop him
20:18And the second Ramses
20:19Will rule Egypt
20:20For 67 years
20:21And it is said
20:22That what made him
20:23So powerful
20:24Was the battle of Qadesh
20:25In the Levant
20:26Anyway
20:27This is one of the most important
20:28Battles in ancient history
20:29And why?
20:30Because it is obvious
20:31That Ramses was very happy
20:32With this victory
20:33So the battle
20:34Is found everywhere
20:35And this is something
20:36I find very nice
20:37That sometimes
20:38If the leader was Narcissus
20:39This makes it easier
20:40For the historians
20:41To study him
20:42But there is no doubt
20:43That he was a great leader
20:44At least in the first years
20:45He had something
20:46For 20 years
20:47A lot of work
20:48And a lot of water
20:49And a lot of operations
20:50But honestly
20:51We are not sure
20:52If this was a great victory
20:53Or not
20:54We are not sure
20:55If this was a victory
20:56Maybe he didn't like the Levant
20:57So he decided
20:58To talk about it
20:59Everywhere
21:00Until he was good
21:01In propaganda
21:02He built
21:03The temple of Abu Simbel
21:04Four statues
21:05For him personally
21:06And drawings of him
21:07Attacking the Nubians
21:08And him
21:09In the battle of Qadesh
21:10Winning
21:11And him
21:12With the gods
21:13Sitting next to them
21:14Twice a year
21:15The sun enters the temple
21:16All of this
21:17And in the end
21:18We make it a statue
21:19But dear viewers
21:20The temple of Abu Simbel
21:21Was an important
21:22Architectural and historical work
21:23Abu Simbel was really
21:24A great thing
21:25And when I went there
21:26I liked him a lot
21:27Even though he was simple
21:28But he was great
21:29And by the way
21:30Next to his temple
21:31The Libertari
21:32His wife
21:33He wrote
21:34She is the one
21:35The sun shines for her
21:36He was probably
21:37Trying to fix her
21:38A very beautiful thing
21:39But unfortunately
21:40This beauty
21:41Was about to be destroyed
21:42Oh no
21:43What happened Abu Hamed
21:44When the dam was built
21:45The Nubians
21:46And some countries
21:47Gathered
21:48To move the temple
21:49In a very complicated process
21:51The temple was huge
21:52If you went and saw
21:53How big it was
21:54It was divided into parts
21:55To be able to move it
21:56And indeed
21:57It was moved successfully
21:58To a safe place
21:59Away from the danger of drowning
22:00Someone told me
22:01No Abu Hamed
22:02When I went to visit the temple
22:03The head
22:04Fell on the ground
22:05And was broken
22:06They didn't fix it
22:07No dear viewers
22:08They wanted to leave the temple
22:09As it was
22:10As it was
22:11Anyway
22:12The second Ramses ends
22:13And many years later
22:14A great hero
22:15In the history of Egypt
22:16And he is the third Ramses
22:17Of course he had
22:18Popular achievements
22:19Like battles and such
22:20But maybe the most famous thing
22:21Was the conspiracy of Harim
22:22There were some ladies
22:23Trying to kill him
22:24But they failed
22:25And of course
22:26At that time
22:27There was no punishment
22:28But no prison
22:29But to punish one
22:30I bring him
22:31And save him a place
22:32And spend on him
22:33Food and drink
22:34No
22:35We used to cut off
22:36His hands
22:37And that was the end
22:38Of the third Ramses
22:39And the situation
22:40Kept getting worse
22:41And worse
22:42Little by little
22:43But the situation
22:44Became difficult
22:45And Egypt
22:46Was divided
22:47And another
22:48And two
22:49Oh no
22:50Dear viewers
22:51Don't worry
22:52Many scholars
22:53Didn't see any hostility
22:54Between them
22:55They used to say
22:56That they were sending
22:57Some things
22:58But the situation
22:59Was getting worse
23:00To the extent
23:01That the only two kingdoms
23:02Were the Libyans
23:03Some people
23:04Called them
23:05The Popista
23:06Because they were
23:07Ruling in a city
23:08In the delta
23:09Popista
23:10Unfortunately
23:11We don't know much about them
23:12So we don't know
23:13How they got there
23:14So we don't know
23:15About them
23:16But we do know
23:17That the Sunnis
23:18Stayed in Egypt
23:19For about 200 years
23:20And the situation
23:21Ended with another division
23:22Who united them
23:23After that?
23:24The Nubians
23:25They were called
23:26The Kush-Kush
23:27For a long time
23:28The Egyptian servants
23:29Were controlling
23:30This region
23:31For two reasons
23:32Because they didn't
23:33Have a government
23:34With pharaohs
23:35And an army
23:36So most of them
23:37Were not united
23:38And the second reason
23:39Was that this region
23:40Was rich with gold
23:41And the king
23:42Would come to them
23:43And tell them
23:44The real king
23:45Is Mohamed Muneer
23:46And he would rule Egypt
23:47And when he died
23:48He would be buried in pyramids
23:49Like the Egyptians
23:50But his pyramids
23:51Were a bit different
23:52If you had the chance
23:53You should see
23:54The Nubian pyramids
23:55They were beautiful
23:56Not as big as
23:57The one in Giza
23:58But they were beautiful
23:59Anyway
24:00After the Nubians
24:01The Assyrians
24:02Would come
24:03And face some problems
24:04So the Egyptians
24:05Would rule again
24:06After that
24:07There would be
24:08A Babylonian threat
24:09Then we would see
24:10The Persians
24:11And the Egyptians
24:12Would try to suppress them
24:13Until they would
24:14Rule themselves
24:15We would see
24:16The 28th family
24:17Which had
24:18One king
24:19And the 29th family
24:20And after that
24:21The 30th family
24:22Which had
24:23The last Egyptian pharaoh
24:24Who would rule Egypt
24:25And this was
24:26The last Egyptian pharaoh
24:27Someone would say
24:28Cleopatra was not Egyptian
24:29Cleopatra was Macedonian
24:30That's it
24:31That's it
24:32What happened after that?
24:33After that
24:34Alexander the Great
24:35Would come
24:36And the Greeks
24:37Would rule for
24:38Almost 300 years
24:40Because the occupier
24:41When he takes a country
24:42He thinks of it as a factory
24:43He wants to earn
24:44In the end
24:45He wants to earn
24:46From the wealth of the country
24:47And to earn
24:48There is something important
24:49He has to do
24:50He abolishes
24:51Everyone who doesn't get money
24:52And they take money
24:53Like who?
24:54Like the clergy
24:55The priests
24:56The problem was
24:57That the priests
24:58Were from the educated class
24:59And therefore
25:00Their loss
25:01Caused the loss
25:02Of the hieroglyphic language
25:03Dear viewers
25:04Not only the ancient Egyptians
25:05Lost their ability
25:06To rule themselves
25:07But also
25:08This episode
25:09Is actually
25:10One of the most enjoyed episodes
25:11It was very difficult
25:12Especially
25:13Because there were many differences
25:14Especially in the last period
25:15The Persians
25:16And the Assyrians
25:17And the Nubians
25:18Were very confused
25:19And there were many opinions
25:20That it was an ancient civilization
25:21But indeed
25:22History was very confused
25:23Because the ancient Egyptians
25:24Really created
25:25A great civilization
25:26It could be
25:27The greatest in history
25:28A civilization
25:29That the Greeks
25:30Used to look up to
25:31And many of the civilizations
25:32Around it
25:33Are respected
25:34And learned from
25:35Whether from art
25:36Or inventions
25:37That the Greeks
25:38Learned from the Egyptians
25:39The writing
25:40Was not necessarily
25:41Made by the Egyptians
25:42But it almost reached
25:43The Greeks
25:44Through the Egyptians
25:45And this invention
25:46The writing
25:47Made a lot of trouble
25:48In the Greeks
25:49And there was a serious debate
25:50From people like Plato
25:51If this invention
25:52The writing
25:53Was useful or not
25:54He thought
25:55That it could be harmful
25:56I'm serious
25:57Dear viewers
25:58There is no doubt
25:59That it was a great civilization
26:00And impressive
26:01And influential
26:02I wanted to talk
26:03About more things
26:04In this confusing history
26:05Especially
26:07Like the translation
26:08Of hieroglyphs
26:09All of this
26:10Was done by people
26:11Who traveled and searched
26:12And were in danger
26:13But in general
26:14You have the resources
26:15To see it and learn
26:16Dear viewers
26:17You have homework
26:18You have to do it
26:19Go see the museums
26:20And temples
26:21Use it
26:22These things exist
26:23Someone says
26:24I don't live in Egypt
26:25Dear viewers
26:26Come on
26:27We are waiting for you
26:36Thank you for watching
26:37Don't forget to like
26:38And subscribe
26:39Bye
26:40Bye
26:41Bye
26:42Bye