Independence History Background of Papua New Guinea
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00:00:00Papua New Guinea comprises the eastern half of the world's second largest island, together
00:00:09with hundreds of large and small outlying islands.
00:00:13The western half is known as West Irian, and is part of the Republic of Indonesia.
00:00:18Papua New Guinea is administered by the Australian government, and will be self-governing by
00:00:22the 1st of December 1973, or soon afterwards.
00:00:26Independence will follow.
00:00:34A massive range of mountains runs along the main island from east to west.
00:00:39The monsoon rains have carved deep gorges through the hills.
00:00:47Volcanic activity has thrown up impassable mountain peaks.
00:00:51Travel and communication have been almost impossible, and the people have remained in
00:00:56isolated, hostile communities.
00:01:02More than one third of the people of Papua New Guinea live in the mountains.
00:01:07In their isolated villages, they have developed their own systems of agriculture, and preserved
00:01:11their traditions intact for thousands of years.
00:01:21Today, their way of life is changing.
00:01:28The aircraft has been a major factor in opening up the country, although flying conditions
00:01:33are often extremely hazardous.
00:01:41Trunk roads have been built through the mountains, linking major towns, helping to build a more
00:01:45unified country.
00:01:54In the warmer coastal climate, the way of life is different.
00:02:15Port Moresby, the capital, is a cosmopolitan city, the centre of administration.
00:02:38The widening network of roads has enabled people to set up their own carrying businesses,
00:02:42and open up markets for cash crops.
00:03:12Farmers in some areas, as well as growing crops for their own use, have begun producing
00:03:26food for the markets, and crops such as cocoa, coffee and tea, for export.
00:03:40These investment has helped reveal the economic potential of the country.
00:04:03One of the greatest barriers to unification has been language.
00:04:06There are over 700 spoken languages in Papua New Guinea.
00:04:21As education spreads throughout the country, the people are coming to accept that they
00:04:24belong to one nation, rather than to a set of tribal groups.
00:04:31Education now ranges from kindergarten to university, and many different types of technical
00:04:35training are available.
00:04:36Today, the whole city was mourning the death of a national hero.
00:04:46What was the city mourning?
00:04:47It was mourning the death of a national hero.
00:04:51It was mourning the death of a national hero.
00:04:54What's this?
00:04:55John, you can put your painting up there.
00:05:31Health has been a major concern of the administration.
00:05:35In coastal areas, a campaign to control malaria has been operating for many years.
00:05:48It's a long way from the first hospitals, established early this century by the missions,
00:05:52to the large modern teaching hospitals of today, where graduates from the University
00:05:57of Papua New Guinea complete their training.
00:06:10The first step towards self-government was to overcome communication difficulties and
00:06:15open up remote areas.
00:06:17The next has been to hand over local administration to elected councils.
00:06:24A National Assembly was established in 1964, and elections are held every four years.
00:06:30Every person over 18 is eligible to vote.
00:06:40After the 1972 elections, 100 members of Parliament were elected.
00:06:46Under the guidance of this Parliament, the people of Papua New Guinea will become an
00:06:50independent nation.
00:07:06A special significance is attached to each piece of regalia.
00:07:10The jewelled sword of state is presented to the Queen by the Archbishop, who bids her
00:07:14use it for the punishment of evildoers, and for the protection of the law abiding.
00:07:24Her Majesty moves to the altar to offer the sword, signifying that the Crown places it
00:07:29at the disposal of the Church.
00:07:39Upon the Queen's wrists are placed the alms, bracelets which symbolise the bond which you
00:07:44unite her with her people.
00:07:49Now the robe royal is put upon the Queen with the words, the Lord Clothio with the robe
00:07:54of righteousness and with the garments of salvation.
00:08:00The orb of gold, signifying the dominion of the cross over the world.
00:08:13Clarence Woolton, as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, offers the glove, symbolising
00:08:18gentleness in levying taxes.
00:08:30Now the royal sceptre, the ensign of kingly power and justice.
00:08:40The rod with the dove, signifying that equity and mercy are never to be forgotten.
00:08:51Now follows the supreme climax of the ancient ritual.
00:08:55With St Edward's son, the Crown of England, the Archbishop performs the simple, yet the
00:09:00most significant ceremony of the Queen's coronation.
00:09:30Thus elevated by the combined power of Church and State, the Queen moves to the throne to
00:09:55receive the homage of her princes and peers.
00:10:02The Duke of Edinburgh comes to vow lifelong allegiance to his Queen.
00:10:25The homage draws to a close and following the celebration of Holy Communion, which forms
00:10:48the framework of the service, the Queen moves for a short recess to St Edward's Chapel.
00:10:55Within the chapel, the Queen's robe royal is changed for a robe of purple velvet and
00:11:09her crown replaced with the imperial state crown.
00:11:13When she appears to join her procession, the service of coronation has ended.
00:11:55Royal Papuan Constabulary also took part during Queen Elizabeth II's coronation.
00:12:21The nine processions which accompanied the guests of the Abbey join into one enormous
00:12:25column to advance before Her Majesty on the journey back to the palace.
00:12:30Queen Solotie of Tonga waves a warm greeting.
00:12:47Whitehall heads the procession, marching in perfect precision are the Royal Marines.
00:13:03Through Trafalgar Square moves the coach, on towards Piccadilly, the first stage of
00:13:08the extended route through the capital.
00:13:11Already the head of the procession is passing up East Carriage Drive and through Marble Arch.
00:13:16Men from nearly 50 lands over which the Queen holds sway are united in the mammoth parade
00:13:21that is the Empire's tribute to their sovereign lady.
00:13:32This is the Royal Papuan Constabulary.
00:13:46In triumph the Queen returns to her palace which she left more than five hours before.
00:14:17As the family step onto the balcony.
00:14:40And with what pride shall those who watch recall in after years.
00:14:44I saw the Queen on Coronation Day.
00:14:49The Royal Party glance up as squadrons of RAF jet fighters we passed in tribute.
00:15:05Elizabeth, so proud a name she bears.
00:15:08One that spelled greatness for our country in another age.
00:15:12Elizabeth crowned the head of a great family of nations.
00:15:16Long may she reign.
00:15:23They were then one day later inspected by Prince Philip.
00:15:36A significant day in the history of Papua and New Guinea.
00:15:39As Australia's Governor General Lord Delisle arrives to officially open the new House of Assembly.
00:15:44A crowd of nearly 5,000 greet his excellency accompanied by his daughter the Honourable Catherine Sidney.
00:15:50Members of the Royal Papuan Constabulary form the Guard of Honour.
00:15:57The occasion marks the opening of the first truly representative Parliament elected by the people of the territory.
00:16:02For the first time elected native members will be in a majority.
00:16:06But official observers believe that the session will be a moderate one as each new member gets to know the ropes.
00:16:17Before a packed house and gallery the Governor General makes the opening address.
00:16:22We are all conscious as we meet for the inauguration of the House of Assembly for the territory of Papua and New Guinea.
00:16:30That we are participating in an event of great significance in the history of this country.
00:16:37Constitutional evolution is a series of steps along the path of change.
00:16:44In the vast change from tutelage to self-government each step is of great significance.
00:16:52The inauguration of a legislature with a decisive majority of elected members elected for the first time from a common roll of electors
00:17:02is the third such step in the history of the combined territory of Papua and New Guinea.
00:17:09The territory takes its first major step towards self-government.
00:17:12The House of Assembly now becomes the centrepiece and symbol of a new unity in a country aspiring to political and economic independence.
00:17:22Wee Whack
00:17:28Wee Whack, scene of bitter fighting during the last war but now peaceful.
00:17:33The town is set on a peninsula and has a good harbour.
00:17:36Aircraft have made swift travel possible in many parts of Papua and New Guinea and the tourist industry is expanding.
00:17:43Parts of the country are still very primitive but the 20th century is making its presence felt.
00:17:48The indigenous people practise their old skills and are learning new ones.
00:17:52Perhaps the best example is the training of the Papua New Guinea Pipe Band.
00:17:56The band is part of the 2nd Battalion Pacific Island Regiment.
00:18:00The members of the regiment are drawn from widely different parts of the country.
00:18:04The army by training them together is integrating them and overcoming past and present tribal dislikes.
00:18:18They learn technical skills too and they're good soldiers.
00:18:22The troops in these classrooms come from as far away as Rabaul, Marobi and Garoka, from Milne Bay and Marshall Lagoon.
00:18:29Men of different tribes and different languages integrated into one unit.
00:18:34A bold experiment proves successful in the Pacific Islands Regiment.
00:19:18Music
00:19:41Today's Tarek, Black Label Lemonade. The surprising side of lemonade.
00:20:11Today is a Tarek's kind of day. One of the family.
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00:24:50In the 1960s, politics across the Pacific was dominated by a contest between colonial control and self-determination.
00:24:58Delegates attending the 1965 South Pacific Conference at Ley in Papua New Guinea
00:25:03saw a chance to strengthen regional identity and push for greater Pacific representation.
00:25:0960 delegates came from an area covering 13 million square miles.
00:25:14They represented 3 million people.
00:25:16Because of this, the range of the conference was wide.
00:25:19The social, economic, educational and health problems of the islands throughout the South Pacific.
00:25:25A new breed of leaders from across the region wanted Pacific Islanders to have a seat at the decision-making table.
00:25:32The conference is an opportunity to meet men from other Pacific islands.
00:25:36They exchange ideas and compare notes on each other's problems and progress.
00:25:41Influenced by a newly independent Western Samoa, a wave of Pacific nations actively began agitating for independence, including the people of PNG.
00:25:51The Ley Rebellion, as it came to be called, was a turning point.
00:25:55Pacific nations effectively challenged colonial notions of modernization and Western-style democracy.
00:26:02One hundred recommendations for the island's social and economic development had been improved.
00:26:08The Ley meeting will have a lasting significance for the Pacific peoples who have come together to work in harmony.
00:26:15Then the talking was over.
00:26:17From the humid coastland, delegates were airlifted to the eastern highlands.
00:26:22They saw and talked with the people, noted community development, watched the deadly skill of native archers.
00:26:29As a result of the Ley meeting, projects recommended will bring expert technical services to these people and the three million other islanders from the 16 territories.
00:26:50Similar scenes greeted Gough Whitlam eight years later, making his first visit as Australian Prime Minister.
00:26:56These native people from the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea, and there are about 5,000 of them here,
00:27:02have come to give the Prime Minister, Mr. Whitlam, and the Chief Minister, Mr. Samari, a traditional Sing Sing, a welcome to Garoka.
00:27:11Having campaigned to end Australia's colonial ties, he was determined to grant PNG its independence.
00:27:17But there were concerns a process was moving too fast.
00:27:21This Sing Sing is not without its political significance.
00:27:25These people did not want to hold a Sing Sing if it meant support for independence.
00:27:30They're very concerned about independence.
00:27:32They don't want independence yet.
00:27:34In fact, they presented the Prime Minister with a petition and it sets out the following terms.
00:27:40We oppose your government setting a date for independence.
00:27:43We are vigorously opposed to our present government setting dates for independence
00:27:49because it is their decision, not ours, and we have no confidence in their ability to handle independence.
00:27:56This has been made quite clear to Mr. Whitlam.
00:27:59Most of the people have told him that they're ready for self-government but not for independence.
00:28:05These concerns were shared by newly elected Chief Minister Michael Samari.
00:28:09We should not set a date for independence until we have achieved self-government and have had time to adjust to self-government.
00:28:17We realise the external pressures on Australia to set an early date for independence
00:28:22and we realise the internal pressures for Australia to end its colonial role.
00:28:27And I'm sure, Mr. Prime Minister, your government does not want Australia to be a colonial power.
00:28:36Your government wants to see Papua New Guinea as a partner.
00:28:41And I think this is the feeling and this is the philosophy of a Labour government
00:28:46that this country will be treated as a partner, not as a dependent country and not as another little colony,
00:28:55which was a practice for generations.
00:29:02I cannot stress too often that the decision for independence is not only a decision about Papua New Guinea.
00:29:10It is about Australia and Australia's view of her own proper role in the world.
00:29:16Australia is no longer willing to be the ruler of a colony.
00:29:21And my government is determined to divest itself of that role in the lifetime of the present Australian Parliament.
00:29:30By the end of 1973, PNG was a self-governing territory.
00:29:35In September 1975, Papua New Guinea gained full independence,
00:29:40Sir Michael Sumare becoming the nation's first Prime Minister.
00:29:46You're listening to the news from the National Broadcasting Commission in Papua New Guinea.
00:29:53The organiser of Papua New Guinea's independence celebrations, Mr. David Marsh,
00:29:57said today that he believes all the necessary preparations will be completed in time for independence on September the 16th.
00:30:05Mr. Marsh said some reshuffling of plans will be necessary as the independence day itself will now be on a Tuesday.
00:30:13It was originally proposed that the celebration would be held over three days, Saturday to Monday.
00:30:19Mr. Marsh said that subject to the Chief Minister's and Cabinet's approval, Sunday the 14th could now be the national day of prayer.
00:30:27Plague lowering ceremonies would be late on Monday, independence celebrations themselves on Tuesday the 16th,
00:30:33and the proposed national day of sport the next day.
00:30:56It is August 1975 in Papua New Guinea, a country of ancient cultures which has in the time span of one lifetime
00:31:23been colonised by Germany, Britain and Australia, invaded by Japan,
00:31:28and finally by a mandate from the United Nations administered by Australia and introduced to the world of the 20th century.
00:31:36Throughout hundreds of islands, in the towns and in thousands of villages, the people are hearing the news.
00:31:42Their country will become an independent nation on September the 16th, 1975, and they're getting ready.
00:31:53When the government came, they told me to come.
00:31:59They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:32:03They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:32:16They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:32:46They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:33:01Hurry up now!
00:33:32They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:33:40They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:34:01They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:34:31They told me to come, but now I'm an independent person.
00:34:52This is the news from the NBC, read by Antoine County.
00:34:56Legislation was introduced into the Australian House of Representatives today to invite for Papua New Guinea to become independent on September 16th.
00:35:05The Prime Minister and Minister representing the Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Gough Whitlam,
00:35:10said the five bills represented a historic piece of legislation for Papua New Guinea, Australia, and for the European civilisation from which Australians came.
00:35:20He described the introduction of the legislation as the last episode in the post-imperial European decolonisation.
00:35:28One of the bills, the Papua New Guinea Independence Bill, seeks to allow the Papua New Guinea constitution to come into effect after Australia's administration ends on September 15th.
00:35:39Mr. Whitlam said the new constitution will adopt only those laws which Papua New Guinea desires to continue exploring.
00:35:49Independence.
00:36:02Because independence is getting close, we like to learn the meaning of the word independence.
00:36:11Today, what does the word independence mean?
00:36:16It means freedom.
00:36:24It means not to depend on someone.
00:36:28Good girl. Independence in English means looking after ourselves.
00:36:38Independence.
00:36:44It means not to depend on someone.
00:36:53What does the word independence mean?
00:36:57It means not to depend on someone.
00:37:05What does the word independence mean?
00:37:08It means not to depend on someone.
00:37:22What does the word independence mean?
00:37:25It means not to depend on someone.
00:37:31It means not to depend on someone.
00:37:43I will prepare some songs for the independence day and on that day I will sing those songs.
00:37:50Good girl. What are you getting ready for that independence day?
00:37:55Before the independence day comes, I will prepare my uniform ready for September 16th and on that day I will wear it and march from here to the village.
00:38:10I would like someone to get out and write the word independence in our language Motu.
00:38:25The Queen's representative at Papua New Guinea's independence celebrations is to be Prince Charles.
00:38:32The Independence Celebrations Committee has received notice that the Queen has invited Prince Charles to be her representative.
00:38:40The Governor General of Fiji and the Fijian Prime Minister, Ratusa Kamisarangara, have also accepted, along with the President of Nauru, Mr. Hemer de Robert and his wife.
00:38:51Meanwhile, traditional gifts to be presented to our official guests for the celebrations are being prepared in villages all over the country.
00:39:00Activities planned in the districts as part of Papua New Guinea's independence celebrations will combine the traditional with the modern.
00:39:07At Angkoram in the East Sibic District, Independence Day celebrations include canoe races on the Sibic River, the opening of a rebuilt house tambaran, bicycle races, other sporting events and a traditional feast.
00:39:21You're listening to the news from the National Broadcasting Commission in Papua New Guinea.
00:39:24Papua New Guinea's new society was shaped by contact with people from other parts of the world, starting more than 500 years ago.
00:39:47But the impact of the white man was felt for the first time only a century ago.
00:39:53In 1873, a British naval officer, Captain John Moresby, sailed into a harbour on the southeast coast where the capital bearing his name now stands.
00:40:05More and more the white man began to appear.
00:40:09He came to trade with bolts of cloth, axes and knives, mirrors and trinkets, trading for sandalwood and beige tamarind.
00:40:16He was just a man.
00:40:21They came as recruiters, blackbird as they were called, to lure young men to work as cheap labourers on the sugar cane fields of North Queensland, Australia.
00:40:33The 19th century, the great imperial powers of Europe divided the island between themselves.
00:40:39The western half, now Irian Jaya, a province of Indonesia, was claimed by Holland in 1828.
00:40:48In 1884, Germany claimed the northeastern quarter.
00:40:53And in the same year, Commodore James Erskine arrived at Port Moresby and other coastal settlements to claim the southeastern quarter in the name of Great Britain.
00:41:03Now I, James Elphinstone Erskine, establishing a protectorate of her most gracious majesty over a portion of New Guinea, has directed me to proclaim such protection in a formal manner at this place.
00:41:20You're with National Radio in Papua New Guinea in 1975, Independence Year.
00:42:03This is the news from the NBC read by Anton Cowen.
00:42:09Independence is just over a week away and as officials make the final preparations, one of their major concerns is the weather.
00:42:19Many of the activities are outdoors.
00:42:22One is the spectacular fireworks display scheduled for one minute past midnight on September the 16th.
00:42:28This will last for between 10 and 20 minutes, but wet weather could dampen the enthusiasm of spectators.
00:42:36Rain could also affect a number of school pageants being organized throughout the country.
00:42:42Schools are expected to organize sporting events and sing-sings on Monday, September the 15th, and much effort has gone into preparing for the day.
00:42:50Members of the House of Assembly will be able to bring their wives to Fort Mosby for Independence Day celebrations, but members with more than one wife may bring only one.
00:43:20My father says, Papua, we are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:26We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:30We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:34We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:38We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:42We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:46We are the people of Papua New Guinea.
00:43:50We are all in Papua New Guinea.
00:43:53We just have independence in September 1975, and he's glad.
00:43:58But he does not want all the Europeans to go out of Papua New Guinea.
00:44:02He wants them to stay back, and we just work together in Papua New Guinea.
00:44:06And myself think, we Papua New Guineans, we have this independence.
00:44:11I am very glad we are having independence.
00:44:13And we Papua New Guineans are new nations in the world, and we are joining in everything through the world.
00:44:22And I am very glad of Michael Somare, John Guyson, all these people, the members of the House of Assembly.
00:44:29Looking back, you know, in 1961, when I first envisaged the independence of Papua New Guinea, and its flag, and its national anthem, and its constitution.
00:44:39When people sort of slammed me and said I was rather communistic minded, I was rather pinkish or reddish, I was extremely left, that I was a man ahead of my time.
00:44:51I did not dream that I would be able to live through those turmoil days to witness this.
00:44:58A lot of people in this country thought, well, we wouldn't be able to do it.
00:45:03They were talking in terms of two or three decades, while I was talking in terms of a few years.
00:45:09One stage in Australia, I said, oh, I don't see it, you know, I cut out myself to be the Prime Minister.
00:45:17I think that's one of my quotations in Australian paper.
00:45:20I never thought, you know, by forming the first political party that we would be able to see it through.
00:45:29But then when I know that I had a lot of support from young Papua New Guineans, I thought, well, I think we should be able to make it.
00:45:36Ready?
00:45:54Let me know when you're up.
00:45:56Tiermon, you're winning this number two crotch along double bar.
00:46:00Strong more yet.
00:46:02Once more. Rolls. One, two.
00:46:06Good morning. This is the news from the National Broadcasting Commission in Papua New Guinea.
00:46:24The national government has urged all public servants throughout Papua New Guinea to involve themselves in independent celebrations.
00:46:32The chairman of the Public Service Board, Sarah Pitoy, said independence is a once-in-a-lifetime experience and the government wants to make it a great success.
00:46:42The Independence Day Committee is still tackling the problem of suitable dress standards for the independent celebration.
00:46:49The committee's suggestion for night's formal wear is dark slacks, long-sleeved white shirt, shoes and short socks, or dark-tailored rami and sandals and long-sleeved white shirt for men.
00:47:01There are no recommendations for women, other than to say they will complement the men's fashion.
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00:51:11I am a woman.
00:51:13I am a woman.
00:51:15I am a woman.
00:51:17I am a woman.
00:51:19I am a woman.
00:51:21I am a woman.
00:51:23I am a woman.
00:51:25I am a woman.
00:51:27I am a woman.
00:51:29I am a woman.
00:51:31I am a woman.
00:51:33I am a woman.
00:51:35I am a woman.
00:51:37I am a woman.
00:51:39I am a woman.
00:51:41I am a woman.
00:51:43I am a woman.
00:51:45I am a woman.
00:51:47I am a woman.
00:51:49I am a woman.
00:51:51I am a woman.
00:51:53I am a woman.
00:51:55I am a woman.
00:51:57I am a woman.
00:51:59I am a woman.
00:52:01I am a woman.
00:52:03I am a woman.
00:52:05I am a woman.
00:52:07I am a woman.
00:52:09I am a woman.
00:52:11I am a woman.
00:52:13I am a woman.
00:52:15I am a woman.
00:52:17I am a woman.
00:52:19I am a woman.
00:52:21I am a woman.
00:52:23I am a woman.
00:52:25I am a woman.
00:52:27I am a woman.
00:52:29I am a woman.
00:52:31I am a woman.
00:52:33I am a woman.
00:52:35I am a woman.
00:52:37I am a woman.
00:52:39I am a woman.
00:52:41I am a woman.
00:52:43I am a woman.
00:52:45I am a woman.
00:52:47I am a woman.
00:52:49I am a woman.
00:52:51I am a woman.
00:52:53I am a woman.
00:52:55I am a woman.
00:52:57I am a woman.
00:52:59I am a woman.
00:53:01I am a woman.
00:53:03I am a woman.
00:53:05I am a woman.
00:53:07I am a woman.
00:53:09I am a woman.
00:53:11I am a woman.
00:53:13I am a woman.
00:53:15I am a woman.
00:53:17I am a woman.
00:53:19I am a woman.
00:53:21I am a woman.
00:53:23I am a woman.
00:53:25I am a woman.
00:53:27I am a woman.
00:53:29I am a woman.
00:53:31I am a woman.
00:53:33I am a woman.
00:53:35I am a woman.
00:53:37I am a woman.
00:53:39I am a woman.
00:53:41I am a woman.
00:53:43I am a woman.
00:53:45I am a woman.
00:53:47I am a woman.
00:53:49I am a woman.
00:53:51I am a woman.
00:53:53I am a woman.
00:53:55I am a woman.
00:53:57I am a woman.
00:53:59I am a woman.
00:54:01I am a woman.
00:54:03I am a woman.
00:54:05I am a woman.
00:54:07I am a woman.
00:54:09I am a woman.
00:54:11I am a woman.
00:54:13I am a woman.
00:54:15I am a woman.
00:54:17I am a woman.
00:54:19I am a woman.
00:54:21I am a woman.
00:54:23I am a woman.
00:54:25I am a woman.
00:54:27I am a woman.
00:54:29I am a woman.
00:54:31I am a woman.
00:54:33I am a woman.
00:54:35I am a woman.
00:54:37I am a woman.
00:54:39I am a woman.
00:54:41I am a woman.
00:54:43I am a woman.
00:54:45I am a woman.
00:54:47I am a woman.
00:54:49I am a woman.
00:54:51I am a woman.
00:54:53I am a woman.
00:54:55I am a woman.
00:54:57I am a woman.
00:54:59I am a woman.
00:55:01I am a woman.
00:55:03I am a woman.
00:55:05I am a woman.
00:55:07I am a woman.
00:55:09I am a woman.
00:55:11I am a woman.
00:55:13I am a woman.
00:55:15I am a woman.
00:55:17I am a woman.
00:55:19I am a woman.
00:55:21I am a woman.
00:55:23I am a woman.
00:55:25I am a woman.
00:55:27I am a woman.
00:55:29I am a woman.
00:55:31I am a woman.
00:55:33I am a woman.
00:55:35I am a woman.
00:55:37I am a woman.
00:55:39I am a woman.
00:55:41I am a woman.
00:55:43I am a woman.
00:55:45I am a woman.
00:55:47I am a woman.
00:55:49I am a woman.
00:55:51I am a woman.
00:55:53I am a woman.
00:55:55I am a woman.
00:55:57I am a woman.
00:55:59I am a woman.
00:56:01I am a woman.
00:56:03I am a woman.
00:56:05I am a woman.
00:56:07I am a woman.
00:56:09I am a woman.
00:56:11I am a woman.
00:56:13I am a woman.
00:56:15I am a woman.
00:56:17I am a woman.
00:56:19I am a woman.
00:56:21I am a woman.
00:56:23I am a woman.
00:56:25I am a woman.
00:56:27I am a woman.
00:56:29I am a woman.
00:56:31I am a woman.
00:56:33I am a woman.
00:56:35I am a woman.
00:56:37I am a woman.
00:56:39I am a woman.
00:56:41I am a woman.
00:56:43I am a woman.
00:56:45I am a woman.
00:56:47I am a woman.
00:56:49I am a woman.
00:56:51I am a woman.
00:56:53I am a woman.
00:56:55I am a woman.
00:56:57I am a woman.
00:56:59I am a woman.
00:57:01I am a woman.
00:57:03I am a woman.
00:57:05I am a woman.
00:57:07I am a woman.
00:57:09I am a woman.
00:57:11I am a woman.
00:57:13I am a woman.
00:57:15I am a woman.
00:57:17I am a woman.
00:57:19I am a woman.
00:57:21I am a woman.
00:57:23I am a woman.
00:57:25I am a woman.
00:57:27I am a woman.
00:57:29Ready, set.
00:57:33Commence.
00:57:59Ready, set.
00:58:01Commence.
00:58:09Ready, set.
00:58:13Commence.
00:58:27Ready, set.
00:58:29Halt!
00:58:52As soon as they took the flag down,
00:58:54many of us, young boys, young girls, school children, everybody were crying.
00:58:59Myself, I was crying.
00:59:01As soon as they took the flag down,
00:59:04we started to cry.
00:59:24Many of the women like me were crying because we know that the poor Europeans came to teach us the right way,
00:59:38not the wrong way, to go on the right side, not to go on the left.
00:59:42They were departing from us and we were crying and crying.
00:59:45We couldn't stop nearly half an hour.
00:59:48Then Prince Charles was talking.
00:59:51We didn't look up but we were still crying and crying.
00:59:54When Jongkai told him that the Australian flag is returning,
00:59:59no one took their heads off.
01:00:01Everybody were crying.
01:00:03We couldn't help crying.
01:00:12You're listening to National Radio. It's now 7 o'clock.
01:00:18This is the news from the NBC read by Johnny City.
01:00:28First, the main points.
01:00:31Independence is only five hours away.
01:00:34The Australian flag has already been lowered for the last time.
01:00:39Two new knighthoods in a special independence honours list.
01:00:45Police happy with the way independence celebrations have gone so far.
01:00:49And Papua New Guinea independence celebrations in Bougainville will go ahead despite boycott threats by secessionist leaders.
01:00:56Now the news in detail.
01:00:58Independence is five hours away.
01:01:00The independent state of Papua New Guinea will be born at midnight with a 101-gun salute
01:01:06and the goodwill and congratulations of nations throughout the world.
01:01:10At one minute past midnight, the governor-general of Papua New Guinea, Sir John Guise,
01:01:15will announce the state of independence in an NBC radio broadcast to the new nation.
01:01:20At the same time, Papua New Guinea's formal links with Australia will be severed
01:01:25and the new homegrown constitution will come into force.
01:01:29Dr Guise's announcement will follow addresses to the nation by the chief minister, Mr Sumari,
01:01:34and the leader of the opposition, Mr Te Aba.
01:01:37A message of warm congratulations to best wishes for the future of Papua New Guinea.
01:01:55His Royal Highness Prince Charles and other visiting dignitaries will now be able to travel on sealed roads tomorrow
01:02:01all the way to Independence Hill at Waigani.
01:02:04Those who have been working on the Waigani Civic Drive from the main Waigani Drive to Independence Hill
01:02:09have been racing against time to complete the sealing before tomorrow.
01:02:34This afternoon, the service predicted a period of rain after dark.
01:02:37Special request. I quite expect it's been imported all the way from Tasmania.
01:02:42You know, Marietta.
01:02:44Yeah, and Gabriel has asked me to play this one.
01:02:49Today's rain might cause transport problems.
01:02:52What do you think?
01:02:54I don't know.
01:02:57And Gabriel has asked me to play this one.
01:03:02Today's rain might cause transport problems for dancers
01:03:05trying to go to the main centres for tomorrow's celebrations.
01:03:09Meanwhile, the international press have been running a betting book
01:03:12on whether the powerful descendant, Rainmaker, will produce the goods tomorrow.
01:03:17Last night, it was an outsider at 50 to 1.
01:03:20But overcast skies this morning brought him down to a firm favourite at 64.
01:03:29We bring you now an address to the nation by the Honourable Leader of the Opposition, Mr Te Aba.
01:03:35Now, we bring you an address to the nation by the Honourable Chief Minister, Mr Michael Somare.
01:03:50Today, a young nation takes possession of the prize which marks our people's determination and hard work.
01:03:58This country and its people now enter independence and sovereignty
01:04:04and as from now, we will be counted among the family of nations.
01:04:08We have talked about this day, we have planned for it, worked for it and look forward to it.
01:04:14I know that every man, woman and child of our new nation shares this moment of pride and happiness
01:04:21with one heart to join in celebrating our independence.
01:04:28Papua New Guinea is now independent.
01:04:30The constitution of the independent state of Papua New Guinea under which all power rests for the people is now in effect.
01:04:37We have at this point in time broken with our colonial past and we now stand as an independent nation in our own right.
01:05:00The National Anthem of Papua New Guinea
01:05:31This is National Radio Broadcasting on Independence Day. The time is half past six.
01:05:38Good morning to you here in our national news.
01:05:46Today is a big day for our celebration of the independence of Papua New Guinea.
01:05:52Today is a big day for our celebration of the independence of Papua New Guinea.
01:06:00Today is a big day for our celebration of the independence of Papua New Guinea.
01:06:06Today is a big day for our celebration of the independence of Papua New Guinea.
01:06:10Today is a big day for our celebration of the independence of Papua New Guinea.
01:06:13The National Anthem of Papua New Guinea
01:06:19I am here today to honour you.
01:06:25I am here today to ask you to bless me.
01:06:31I am here today to ask you to bless the chief minister.
01:06:36I am here today to ask you to bless the chief minister.
01:06:45I am here today to ask you to bless the chief minister.
01:07:15I am here today to ask you to bless the chief minister.
01:07:30Right, now may I ask him, Father Dwyer, belong Catholic Mission, belong Angorum, belong give
01:07:39him something to talk, talk, now blessing flag belong, you belong Papua New Guinea.
01:07:59This little flag here, he also mark, belong show him, all together, Papua New Guinea,
01:08:05he like come up one line, now one bell.
01:08:08God, you talk, suppose God, he no stand by long all man, time all he work him house,
01:08:15work belong all, buy and buy, all he lose nothing.
01:08:19Now me fellow ask him you, long time, long blessing this little flag, stand by long this
01:08:24little country, Papua New Guinea, all same all people belong him, he can he stop one
01:08:29bell true, now good for the time, he stop all time, all time.
01:08:37Now me blessing this little flag, long name belong Papa, now belong son, now belong spirit
01:08:41of santo.
01:08:42All right, behind long guy, guy tussle, buy suppose he fly stop, now him gonna move the
01:08:48pirate, him, this fly he talk, some belong you belong all the same, rest is long can
01:08:54you know, buy come up.
01:08:58Long time all man, all man only rest is long can you, buy and buy all beginning in school,
01:09:05buy little pool long only little can you, now only throw him all this fly bottle, him
01:09:08only ready him finish, he stop.
01:09:14Behind long rest is long can you, all, all the man buy one tap can long, pull him pong,
01:09:24long wait him all can, can rest is by stop and tap.
01:09:28Rest is all same pull him rope, sell him try, grab him try, walk him basket.
01:09:35This is the news from the NBC, read by Joe Hempton.
01:09:57Papua New Guinea's own flag now flies alone over the country.
01:10:01At approximately half past ten this morning, the Papua New Guinean flag was hoisted on
01:10:05Independence Hill at Waikiki in Fort Austin.
01:10:08One of the largest crowds ever to assemble anywhere in Papua New Guinea surrounded the
01:10:12hill.
01:10:13By the time the Governor General, Dr. John Guise, and Prince Charles arrived, about 20,000
01:10:18people had gathered.
01:10:20Dr. Guise handed the flag to the commander of the defense force, Brigadier General Imperial,
01:10:25and asked him to raise the flag on behalf of the people of Papua New Guinea.
01:10:29Shortly after the waving of the flag, a fresh breeze blew up and the flag was lifted fully.
01:10:36Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:10:46Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:10:55Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:11:05Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:11:33Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:11:43Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:11:53Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:12:03Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:12:23Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:12:33Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:12:43Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:12:53Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:13:03Guard, gentlemen, present arms!
01:13:13Guard, shoulder, arms!
01:13:23One, two, three!
01:13:33Australia's 29-year-old United Nations trusteeship, Papua New Guinea, was formally terminated
01:13:39today at a brief ceremony at United Nations headquarters in New York.
01:13:44Papua New Guinea is expected to apply for United Nations membership sometime during the General
01:13:49Assembly session, which begins later today.
01:13:52Now, any time right now, I'm going to apply for it now.
01:13:56Now, all money right now, looking forward, I'm going to close it sometime.
01:13:59I'm going to close it too.
01:14:01Now, when you look into the shutters, if you don't see in blue, man, but see in blue,
01:14:04you have much more money out there.
01:14:06Now, all money, looking forward, I'm going to close it now.
01:14:10I'm going to close it now.
01:14:12Now, all money, looking forward, I'm going to close it now.
01:14:27The Australian Prime Minister, Mr. Gough Whitlam, said today that Australia will continue to
01:14:31support Papua New Guinea.
01:14:33He said that although a special kind of relationship between Australia and Papua New Guinea is
01:14:37coming to an end, certain things will not end.
01:14:41Mr. Whitlam said the friendship between the two countries and the trust and confidence
01:14:45between Australia and Papua New Guinea will continue.
01:14:49In other news, Palestinian guerrillas agreed to leave the Egyptian army in the Middle East
01:14:54but will take their three hostages with them to Algiers.
01:14:58And police in America shoot dead an armed man who attempted to hijack a jet aircraft.
01:15:12I'm going to leave now.
01:15:14I'm going to leave now.
01:15:16I'm going to leave now.
01:15:18I'm going to leave now.
01:15:20I'm going to leave now.
01:15:22I'm going to leave now.
01:15:24I'm going to leave now.
01:15:26I'm going to leave now.
01:15:28I'm going to leave now.
01:15:30I'm going to leave now.
01:15:32I'm going to leave now.
01:15:34I'm going to leave now.
01:15:36I'm going to leave now.
01:15:38I'm going to leave now.
01:15:42Alright.
01:15:44Then we have to talk on the phone.
01:15:46We have to talk on the phone, all the policemen.
01:15:48I will go through if you call.
01:15:49Alright.
01:15:50I will play slow.
01:15:52Now…
01:15:53I will becoming independent.
01:15:54Alright.
01:15:55I will become independent.
01:15:57I will not be taken by the policeman.
01:15:59Or he can strike.
01:16:01My son will be here and I will walk through.
01:16:03You will know.
01:16:05Good. I'm talking to Sam.
01:16:35This is the first time I've been here.
01:16:37I've been here before.
01:16:39I've been here before.
01:16:41I've been here before.
01:16:43I've been here before.
01:16:45I've been here before.
01:16:47I've been here before.
01:16:49I've been here before.
01:16:51I've been here before.
01:17:05I've been here before.
01:17:07I've been here before.
01:17:09I've been here before.
01:17:11I've been here before.
01:17:13I've been here before.
01:17:15I've been here before.
01:17:17I've been here before.
01:17:19I've been here before.
01:17:21I've been here before.
01:17:23I've been here before.
01:17:25I've been here before.
01:17:27I've been here before.
01:17:29I've been here before.
01:17:31I've been here before.
01:17:34I've been here before.
01:17:47This is the news from the NBC.
01:17:50The independent tour of Pahungikini by Prince Dow's ended this afternoon, with the parties flying through town.
01:17:56The prince arrived in Pahungikini on Sunday to represent the queen at independent celebrations.
01:18:02During his tour, the prince saw several displays of tribal dancing and was seen by tens of thousands of Papua New Guineans.
01:18:10He arrived back in Port Moresby shortly after four o'clock this afternoon, and after meeting tour officials and senior government officers,
01:18:17he boarded an aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force for Darwin.
01:18:22Twins are among nine babies born at the Port Moresby General Hospital on Independence Day.
01:18:28Among the babies, a boy weighing 1.8 kilograms and a girl weighing 1.6 kilograms, and their mother are reported to be doing well.
01:18:38The rainmaker hired by the Papuan separatist group to disrupt Papua New Guinea's independence celebration could be looking for a new job.
01:18:45The National Weather Service said that on Independence Day, the national capital recorded only 0.8 of a millimetre,
01:18:52and yesterday no rainfall was registered, although there was some light sprinkling of rain throughout the city area.
01:18:58A spokesman for the National Weather Service said the dry conditions are normal for this time of year, and he expects them to continue.
01:19:22This is the news from the NBC, read by Anton Cowden.
01:19:47The Security Council of the United Nations has unanimously recommended UN membership for Papua New Guinea.
01:19:54The new state of Papua New Guinea, which became independent last week, will be the World Organization's 142nd member when its application is formally approved by the General Assembly.
01:20:06United Nations sources said this is likely early next month.
01:20:13Some people in the Middle Musa area of the Afore Sub-District in the Northern District will be celebrating Papua New Guinea's independence next Monday.
01:20:22Two members of the Taruba Independent Celebrations Zone, Mr Banao and Mr Bebea, said the people did not celebrate last week as they were scared of being killed by wars, bombings or unusual happenings during the celebrations.
01:20:37They told the NBC's Popondetra office today that people in the Taruba Zone, covering 12 villages, were now sure that nothing bad had happened, and so they will celebrate independence next Monday.
01:20:49You're listening to the news from the National Broadcasting Commission of Papua New Guinea.
01:21:06.