Adéntrate en un fascinante viaje al fondo del océano con el documental de National Geographic que explora el Titanic, más de un siglo después de su trágico hundimiento. Este impresionante proyecto utiliza tecnología de vanguardia para ofrecer una experiencia virtual que permite a los espectadores explorar los restos del icónico barco en su lugar de descanso en el fondo del mar. Con imágenes asombrosas y narraciones envolventes, este documental no solo revive la historia del Titanic, sino que también destaca los esfuerzos de conservación y la importancia de preservar el patrimonio marítimo. Aprende sobre la construcción del Titanic, los eventos que llevaron a su hundimiento y la rica historia que lo rodea. Este documental es un recurso invaluable para los amantes de la historia y la exploración subacuática, ya que combina educación y entretenimiento en una presentación cautivadora. Acompáñanos en este viaje al pasado y descubre los secretos que yacen bajo el agua, en el mismo lugar donde el Titanic una vez surcó los mares. ¡No te pierdas la oportunidad de experimentar esta maravilla virtual que rinde homenaje a uno de los barcos más famosos de la historia!
**Hashtags:** #Titanic #Documental #ExploraciónMarítima
**Keywords:** Titanic, documental, National Geographic, hundimiento, exploración virtual, historia del Titanic, conservación marítima, tecnología subacuática, patrimonio histórico, exploración oceánica.
**Hashtags:** #Titanic #Documental #ExploraciónMarítima
**Keywords:** Titanic, documental, National Geographic, hundimiento, exploración virtual, historia del Titanic, conservación marítima, tecnología subacuática, patrimonio histórico, exploración oceánica.
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00:00Since a century ago, the Titanic has been hiding in the darkness,
00:08almost 4 kilometers deep in the bottom of the Atlantic.
00:13But now, a new investigation is about to drain the ocean,
00:18open the Atlantic waterway and reveal the remains of the shipwreck.
00:24The Titanic, as we had never seen before.
00:29And under the light of day, we will discover new crucial, previously invisible evidence.
00:36From giant pieces in the ocean bed,
00:40to the damage of the iceberg that fractured its hull.
00:44A team of scientists equipped with the latest technology
00:48now faces the lasting mystery of the disaster
00:51that could rewrite the history of the Titanic.
00:58It is the most famous ship in history.
01:01The Titanic.
01:04A ship from a time when transatlantic ships competed for being the largest,
01:09the fastest and the best.
01:12The RMS Titanic was a technological marvel.
01:17When it sank in 1912, it was the object manufactured by the largest man on the planet.
01:24An unsinkable ship.
01:28But at 4,000 kilometers from its inaugural voyage,
01:32the disaster arrived.
01:401,500 people, including passengers and crew,
01:43were dragged to the icy depths.
01:47More than a century later, we still do not know exactly what happened that night.
01:53How it sank and broke.
01:59Hundreds of passengers and crew members witnessed the tragedy and lived to tell it.
02:05Despite that, there are still countless unanswered questions.
02:09We have a lot of historical information,
02:12but there are a lot of prejudices in those historical accounts.
02:17Even the witnesses of the sinking of the Titanic
02:20have many different perceptions of how the sinking took place.
02:24So the best way to unravel some of those questions
02:28is using science.
02:31Some explorers first discovered the Titanic in September 1985.
02:37Since then, more than 20 expeditions have returned to the ship.
02:42For us, being four kilometers deep
02:46can be as strange as being on the surface of the moon.
02:50Only a few meters from the Titanic's hull
02:53are visible under the spotlight of the explorers.
02:57The Titanic is the largest ship in the world.
03:03In the past, trying to understand the Titanic with existing technology
03:08was like trying to draw a map of the center of Manhattan
03:12flying over it to the height of a ten-story building
03:16and from a vehicle with the glass covered.
03:20It was like trying to draw a map of the Titanic
03:23from a ten-story building
03:26and from a vehicle with the glass covered.
03:29You are under total darkness
03:32trying to observe the remains with the light of a spotlight.
03:36It is a real challenge.
03:41Some critical clues to understand the disaster
03:44are still hidden under this darkness.
03:47Now a team of scientists,
03:50financed by the company legal administrator of the remains,
03:53RMS Titanic SA, wants to change that
03:57and take the Titanic under the spotlight for the first time.
04:03An epic technological investigation
04:05that will try to discover exactly how and why it sank.
04:10The Titanic mapping project.
04:13The mission is to use mapping technology by Sonar
04:16to scan each part of the Precio
04:18and build a digital model of the Titanic
04:21as it is resting on the ocean bed.
04:28Its data will allow us to eliminate the sea in a virtual way,
04:35to separate billions of liters of the Atlantic Ocean
04:39and, four kilometers deep,
04:44to reveal the submerged Titanic,
04:48leaving it dry on the ocean bed.
04:52Summer 2010. The project begins.
04:57An expedition departs in search of the remains.
05:01On board is Jim Delgado,
05:03one of the best marine archaeologists in the United States.
05:07The 2010 Titanic expedition
05:10was considered an opportunity to systematically map the entire site.
05:15But scanning the ocean bed is not easy.
05:19Some autonomous submarine vehicles, known as AUVs,
05:23have to go down 3,600 meters deep.
05:27Working on the Titanic is a challenge.
05:29It's dangerous. It's a very dangerous place.
05:32The researchers program the AUVs
05:35to travel the remains at a distance of 10 meters.
05:38Then the submarine drones will emit signals
05:41that will measure the variations in height to the smallest detail.
05:46They will travel the remains of the ocean bed
05:49as if they were seeing a gigantic grass.
05:52Each pass is scanned a strip of 50 meters,
05:55collecting millions of data.
05:59Then the team deploys a 3,000-meter-long drone
06:02to scan the remains of the ocean bed.
06:06Then the team deploys an ROV,
06:09a remote-controlled submarine with a cable,
06:12to capture thousands of digital images of each part of the bed.
06:18Each batch of data could mean great progress.
06:23Every day those vehicles came back with new information
06:26about what was on the ocean bed.
06:29But after three days of starting the project,
06:32the conditions suddenly worsened.
06:35It was predicted that a hurricane would come
06:38directly to the shipwreck area.
06:40As it happened so shortly after starting the project,
06:43this was no less than a disaster.
06:45They had no choice.
06:47They had to pick up all the material and return to port.
06:50The main person in charge of the joint expedition, Dave Gallo,
06:53was in the control room watching the images live
06:56when he realized that something had gone wrong.
06:59You could see the rope of the robot
07:01that was well tied around the Titanic's hull.
07:04So we were anchored to it.
07:06We were stuck. It was horrible.
07:09Gallo had a terrible dilemma.
07:13The choice was to pull as hard as possible
07:16and wait for the best to happen,
07:18which meant pulling a fragment out of the ship's hull.
07:21And that was not good at all.
07:24The other option was to cut the cable,
07:26which would put an end to the expedition
07:28and leave us tied to the Titanic,
07:30several kilometers deep.
07:32With millions of dollars of technology at stake,
07:35the team made one last attempt to free the cable
07:38using the robotic arm of the ROV.
07:42There was about half an hour left
07:44for things to get really difficult.
07:46But finally they solved it.
07:48I could see in real time
07:50how those cables were releasing from the ship.
07:52Then we were able to go and take refuge.
07:56As soon as the storm passed,
07:58they went back to the area to gather data.
08:01Much more data.
08:05In total, 160 hours of video.
08:0937 terabytes of data.
08:12But reviewing all that information
08:14takes a lot of time.
08:17Over the following weeks,
08:19several groups of computers
08:21processed the basic data,
08:23turning the millions of points of the sonar
08:25into a complex model of the ship.
08:27I remember we were all sitting
08:29around the computer
08:31while we were creating the first 3D model
08:33and seeing the bow and the stern
08:35in so much detail.
08:37We were all sort of grinning.
08:39Seeing the ship for the first time
08:41was pretty amazing.
08:44At the same time,
08:45the visualization expert, Bill Lang,
08:47started gathering thousands of individual images
08:49of the shipwreck.
08:54A task that he and his team
08:56from the oceanographic center of Woods Hole
08:58took six months to complete.
09:03It was a very long and tedious process.
09:05There were over 200 mosaics
09:07to interpret the area
09:09and to carry out a future archaeological work.
09:14These images in ultra-high definition
09:16along with the 3D scanning
09:19could provide us with a new vision of the Titanic.
09:23A ship that has been hidden
09:25in the darkness for more than a century.
09:33It took them four years to complete it.
09:37But now...
09:40we can remove an extraordinary landscape
09:45and open the Atlantic waterway
09:50almost four kilometers deep.
09:53Some giant steel walls rise up to the sky.
09:59The sun's light shines on its roofs again.
10:02And countless clues of the disaster
10:04begin to emerge.
10:09These are...
10:13the drained remains...
10:17of the Titanic.
10:24TITANIC
10:31We have drained the Titanic.
10:34And for the first time,
10:36we can see the wreck in full detail.
10:39As never before it had been seen.
10:43Now the researchers will be able to map
10:45the limits of the area of the shipwreck.
10:49And the archaeologists will be able to take a general look
10:52at a wreck that has been hidden for more than 100 years.
10:56It's almost like the fog has cleared.
10:58Now we can see through the perpetual darkness.
11:02The idea of draining the Titanic
11:04presents the area from a totally different point of view.
11:07It's no longer impenetrable.
11:09It's right there in front of us
11:11so that we can explore it.
11:17The remains of the ship extend
11:19along 1.5 km2 of the ocean bed.
11:23A surface of 200 football fields.
11:29The site of the Titanic's wreck
11:31is divided mainly and basically
11:33into two large areas.
11:37The bow section
11:39and the spear section,
11:42which are about a mile apart.
11:45And then there are many fields of reserves.
11:49In total, there are five areas of reserves.
11:51Each one full of fragments of the ship
11:55and objects that came out of it when it sank.
11:59The surprising views
12:01that the new model shows us
12:03have brought life back to the Titanic.
12:06By removing all the water,
12:08its history is revealed to the naked eye.
12:15People think that science is above emotions,
12:17but when you're in front of the deck of a ship
12:19where so many people said goodbye for the last time,
12:21it's something to take into account.
12:25The railings,
12:27where that cold night
12:29some parents hugged their children
12:31and sent them to the lifeboats
12:33as they leaned
12:35to see their loved ones.
12:40Buey's eyes,
12:42where the passengers trapped under deck
12:44saw the starry sky for the last time
12:47as the ship sank under the waves.
12:51The mast of the watchtower,
12:53where the voice of Frederick Fleet
12:55broke the silence of the night
12:57when he saw for the first time
12:59the menacing iceberg.
13:03And even the iconic 8-ton anchors
13:05are still in place,
13:07shining under the light of day
13:09for the first time in more than a century.
13:12And when the ocean disappears,
13:14its huge section of bow
13:16rises over the seabed.
13:20Despite the violence of the sinking
13:22and the time it has been at the bottom of the sea,
13:24what is inside that bow in particular
13:26offers us a ghostly reminder
13:28of the ship that was.
13:32Inside the bow
13:34there were many of the ship's most luxurious services.
13:36The large staircase
13:38that went through five decks.
13:42The air-conditioned pool,
13:44reserved only for first-class passengers.
13:50And a modern gym
13:52located just above the upper deck of the ship.
13:56The model reveals how intact
13:58this section of bow is.
14:00Encrusted in the ocean bed,
14:02almost perfectly erected,
14:04the ghostly hull of the Titanic
14:06seems to be sailing along the seabed.
14:08And its bow
14:10seems to be opening the mud
14:12as if it were water.
14:18It is precisely that mud
14:20that provides more peace of mind
14:22to the passengers.
14:24It is precisely that mud
14:26that provides more clues
14:28to the researchers
14:30to understand how the ship
14:32crashed against the bottom.
14:36For a deeper analysis,
14:38the scientists
14:40show the bow in the video of the expedition.
14:46The wave of mud
14:48shown in the digital model
14:50is even clearer here.
14:54Particularly prominent
14:56in the front of the ship
14:58are some mounds.
15:00It seems that it had something to do
15:02with the impact of that section
15:04of the bow area against the seabed.
15:06You can see a big outbreak
15:08and the sediments are different.
15:10This difference is due
15:12to the fact that the bow
15:14made several layers of mud
15:16from a deeper area of the seabed,
15:18which shows that the impact
15:20was dramatic.
15:22The depth of the bow
15:24on the seabed
15:26must be buried
15:28about 20 meters from the hull,
15:30the height equivalent
15:32to a six-story building.
15:34Using the depth
15:36to which the ship sank
15:38on the seabed,
15:40the researchers can refine
15:42their calculations
15:44about the speed of the impact.
15:46Its descent was very smooth
15:48with its aerodynamic front
15:51Once separated
15:53from the rest of the ship,
15:55the bow quickly sank
15:57at about 55 km per hour
15:59and at an angle
16:01between 15 and 30 degrees.
16:03Its impact on the seabed
16:05was like a giant
16:0728,000-ton truck
16:09colliding with a mound of snow.
16:13When the bow finally reached the bottom,
16:15it entered the seabed,
16:17almost to the area of the anchors.
16:20With the darkness
16:22of the depths eliminated,
16:24everything is meridianally clear.
16:26Here, the impact area
16:28has been frozen in time.
16:30The investigation is still
16:32surveying the data,
16:34trusting to learn more
16:36about how the bow reached the bottom.
16:38And the fact that it is relatively intact
16:40means that they can also analyze
16:42the most iconic mystery
16:44of the Titanic,
16:46the impact on the iceberg.
16:48The official report
16:50of the 1912 accident
16:52suggests that the iceberg
16:54opened a giant crack
16:56more than 100 meters
16:58in the right side of the ship,
17:00tearing more than a third
17:02of its hull.
17:04However, the statements
17:06of several witnesses
17:08show that the Titanic
17:10took two and a half hours
17:12to sink.
17:14The investigators are puzzled.
17:16The Titanic sank in a matter of minutes.
17:20The oceanic explorer
17:22Paul Henry Nardiolet
17:24has made 30 trips
17:26to 3,600 meters deep
17:28to the Titanic,
17:30but he has never seen
17:32a crack of 100 meters.
17:34We were trying to find
17:36where the Titanic
17:38collided with the iceberg,
17:40what was the result,
17:42and why there are cracks
17:44Nardiolet and the team
17:46now resort to high-resolution
17:48photomosaics
17:50to see what kind of evidence
17:52they can find.
17:56This profile view
17:58of the bow is made up
18:00of more than 3,000 individual images.
18:04The mosaics show
18:06the Titanic in a way
18:08that no one has ever seen before.
18:10No one had made a profile
18:12in the 25 years
18:14that people have gone to the Titanic.
18:18The photomosaic shows
18:20a clear view of a huge hole
18:22in the bow's hull.
18:24But the investigators know
18:26that the hole was opened
18:28when the Titanic collided
18:30with the seabed,
18:32and not with the iceberg.
18:34Here, again,
18:36even with these images,
18:38they find no trace
18:40of the impact.
18:42However, when they resort
18:44to video images,
18:46the investigators can observe
18:48much smaller impact damage.
18:50The actual damage
18:52of the collision
18:54against the iceberg
18:56seems to be limited
18:58to an area of 10 meters
19:00from the bow.
19:02There was not a large crack,
19:04but dozens of small cracks.
19:06But the size of these cracks
19:08would allow the entry
19:10of 1,400 liters of water
19:12every second.
19:18And when they analyzed
19:20the speed with which
19:22that amount of water
19:24would have sunk the Titanic,
19:26the result was two and a half hours.
19:28Exactly the time it took
19:30to sink.
19:38The investigation has confirmed
19:40that the giant crack
19:42is pure fiction,
19:44and that the iceberg
19:46only made small incisions
19:48under the flotation line
19:50that, together,
19:52were enough
19:54to trigger the disaster.
19:56But for the team,
19:58there is a much more important question.
20:00When and where
20:02did the ship split in half?
20:04When and where
20:06did the ship split in half?
20:10How is it that the bow
20:12has separated almost 600 meters from the stern?
20:18Can the answer be here,
20:20under the light of day,
20:22on the drained seabed?
20:24In the remains of the Titanic?
20:34We have withdrawn the Atlantic Ocean.
20:36We have drained its waters
20:38to reveal the price of the Titanic.
20:42This is how the ship
20:44is today,
20:46without four kilometers of ocean darkness
20:48blocking the sunlight.
20:52Thanks to the enormous amount
20:54of data collected
20:56by the Titanic mapping project,
20:58we have a point of view
21:00of the ship that no one has ever had,
21:02and we are going to find out
21:04what happened to the ship
21:06the night it sank.
21:08600 meters beyond
21:10the immense section of the bow,
21:12in the heart of the waste area,
21:14lies the disintegrated stern,
21:16the back part of the ship.
21:18It is the second largest fragment
21:20with 120 meters in length.
21:24But it is obvious
21:26that it is in very different conditions
21:28from the bow.
21:32It seemed that the stern
21:34had been crumbled like confetti.
21:40The stern is destroyed.
21:46Some of the immense metal components
21:48of the stern are still intact,
21:50with the engines of 12 meters in length,
21:52each of the size of a large house.
21:56Behind everything
21:58we still have the immense rudder
22:00and the bronze propellers
22:02of 8 meters.
22:08The stern also contains
22:10the ship's control systems
22:12and the transmission shafts.
22:14A heavy equipment.
22:18But our detailed model
22:20also shows that the deck
22:22is sinking as if it were crushed.
22:24The heavy steel beams
22:26twisted as if they were made of straw.
22:30It is difficult to know
22:32what you are looking at.
22:34They look like huge pieces of metal
22:36on the seabed,
22:38but it is not easy to think
22:40that they belong to a ship.
22:42But why is it in such bad condition?
22:44For the researchers
22:46it is difficult to justify this.
22:48It is very difficult for us
22:50to interpret the stern section
22:52as it is totally destroyed.
22:54But the investigation
22:56reveals an important clue,
22:58which would help to unravel
23:00the violent history of the stern.
23:06In the acoustic map
23:08you can see that the stern
23:10was turning in the opposite direction
23:12to the clock hands.
23:14There is an immense mark
23:16on the seabed,
23:18made when the stern was hit.
23:20Scientists can now
23:22read these traces
23:24and interpret how the stern
23:26was turning against the bottom of the sea.
23:30You can see very well
23:32that when the stern hit the bottom
23:34it was still turning.
23:36You can see the bottom of the ship
23:38in the steam zone,
23:40which shows that the stern
23:42was turning at the same time.
23:44The marks help the researchers
23:46to confirm the estimated speed
23:48of impact previously.
23:50It turns out that the stern
23:52was going down
23:54at the same speed as the ocean.
23:58Immense forces
24:00derived from the ocean descent
24:02at such a speed
24:04help us to justify
24:06why the stern is so damaged.
24:10While the hydrodynamic probe
24:12descended cleanly
24:14through the water
24:16and remained intact.
24:18If a plane suffers damage
24:20in mid-flight,
24:22it will start to tear pieces.
24:24It is probable
24:26that the same would have happened
24:28with the stern,
24:30that is to say,
24:32that it disintegrated quickly.
24:34At first,
24:36larger fragments were detached.
24:38Then, when the structure resisted,
24:40small fragments began to detach
24:42in a confetti way.
24:44The researchers believe
24:46that the high-pressure water
24:48managed to find the entrance
24:50to the hull.
24:52As soon as the hull separated
24:54from the chassis,
24:56the water could pass
24:58forming a kind of crack.
25:00The inner walls were made of wood
25:02and as soon as the water began
25:04to pass with all its strength,
25:06they could not stand it
25:08and were pulverized.
25:12For the team,
25:14these are more evidence
25:16that show why the stern
25:18remained relatively intact
25:20while the bow section
25:22remained relatively intact.
25:26The investigation has shown
25:28how the two main sections
25:30of the ship reached the bottom.
25:32It has also clarified
25:34how they impacted
25:36and why they look so different.
25:40But there is still a big question
25:42to address.
25:44How and when did the Titanic
25:46sink?
25:56With latest technology,
25:58we have drained the depths
26:00of the Atlantic Ocean
26:04and we have exposed the Titanic's
26:06resting place.
26:10After 100 years of darkness,
26:12its decks enjoy the sunlight
26:14for a long time.
26:18Between the bow and the stern,
26:20an immense wasteland
26:22stretches for hundreds of meters.
26:24For the investigators,
26:26it is a vision
26:28they had never seen before.
26:30Each fragment is a possible clue
26:32that helps to solve
26:34the mystery of how and when
26:36the Titanic broke.
26:38For years,
26:40the predominant theory
26:42was that the Titanic sank
26:44and separated on the surface.
26:46As the ship tilted,
26:48raising the stern in the air,
26:50its own weight increased in excess
26:52and the ship split in half.
27:08But after draining the ocean,
27:10new clues emerge
27:12that could challenge this theory.
27:16Observing the pattern
27:18in which the waste fell
27:20to the ocean bed,
27:22the investigators can find out
27:24how they separated from the ship.
27:26And they will use this forensic record
27:28to make an exact image
27:30of how and when the ship broke.
27:32But getting the answer
27:34will require a lot of effort.
27:36The team must scan
27:38all the newly collected data
27:40to identify and label
27:42the position of the largest possible number
27:44of objects
27:46and build
27:48an immense digital map
27:50of the artifacts of the seabed.
27:56This includes the position
27:58of the 5,000 objects, more or less,
28:00that previous expeditions
28:02have recovered from the shipwreck.
28:06It is a catalogue of treasures.
28:08Statues of the steps of the ship.
28:10Spider lamps
28:12that hung from the room
28:14of first-class smokers.
28:16And the finest tableware
28:18of the best restaurant on the ship.
28:20We even have
28:22one of the bronze bells
28:24of the Titanic.
28:26And fragments of equipment
28:28that belonged to the crew
28:30of the ship.
28:32Each valuable object
28:34is a very important data
28:36that could help
28:38to rewrite the history
28:40of how the ship broke.
28:42The patterns that emerge
28:44from the remapping
28:46of the area
28:48do not fit with any
28:50of the traditional theories
28:52that were there before.
28:54It will take years
28:56to complete
28:58the remapping
29:00of the ship.
29:04There are cups of coffee,
29:06dishes, fragments of spider lamps,
29:08deck chairs.
29:10It's full of objects from the ship.
29:12But also personal objects as well.
29:16Each point on the map
29:18also tells its own story.
29:22A starting point
29:24that reveals a detail
29:26of a human life.
29:28Normal families
29:30who had a life,
29:32with people who loved them.
29:34Families who were
29:36shocked by what happened
29:38that night.
29:40Some objects
29:42are very personal.
29:44Delicate jewels
29:46that at some point
29:48shone on the neck
29:50of a woman
29:52of high society.
29:54Or perfume bottles
29:56Seeing all those objects
29:58there, in the background,
30:00is a beautiful moment
30:02and very emotional.
30:06It's a visual story
30:08of the tragedy.
30:10After years of research,
30:12Alice Klingelhofer
30:14is now able to link
30:16these belongings
30:18to specific travelers.
30:20Here I have
30:22an open pocket watch
30:24without a lid.
30:26It still has its hands.
30:28It probably stopped
30:30when it was submerged in the water.
30:32The watch came from this point
30:34of the waste field,
30:36337 meters southeast of La Popa.
30:40It belonged to Thomas William
30:42Solomon Brown.
30:44He was a hotelier
30:46from South Africa
30:48and he was heading with his family
30:50to start a new life
30:52in the United States.
30:54He did not survive.
30:56However, his wife
30:58and his daughter, Edith, did.
31:04Other passengers
31:06even left behind
31:08written remains of their lives,
31:10still legible after a century in the water.
31:14A notebook found
31:16283 meters from La Popa
31:18in the waste field
31:20of a third-class passenger
31:22Edgardo Samuel Andrew.
31:26He was 17 years old.
31:28When we look at his belongings
31:30we find textbooks.
31:32We can still see his handwriting
31:34although it is quite blurred.
31:36He used a pencil
31:38and this remains legible.
31:40Here, on this page,
31:42we see how he has written his name
31:44practicing to write his name
31:46in the correct way.
31:48We say that this young boy
31:50traveled alone in third class
31:52to America.
31:56Edgardo hoped to earn a better life
31:58like many other immigrants
32:00who traveled to the New World.
32:04Unfortunately, Edgardo
32:06did not survive the trip.
32:08That's why this is such a heartbreaking object.
32:10These are his last notes.
32:14He finished school and put his textbooks
32:16in his suitcase and went to America.
32:18That was the last thing
32:20that was known about him.
32:26There are many more objects
32:28that the team is waiting to examine.
32:30Some with the potential
32:32to discover the human face of the tragedy.
32:36History often swallows
32:38ordinary people.
32:40All of us tend
32:42to disappear.
32:44Archaeological excavations
32:46give us the opportunity to correct that.
32:50Research has defined this ghostly place
32:52as an archaeological excavation.
32:54That will help them
32:56to protect the history of the Titanic
32:58for several generations.
33:00Each of the valuable artifacts
33:02is part of a mosaic
33:04of tragic stories.
33:06And together, they now form an image.
33:10The field of mapped waste
33:12is finally ready to give the researchers
33:14the crucial answer
33:16they've been waiting for.
33:18When and where did the Titanic break?
33:26In the two and a half hours
33:28it took to sink,
33:30more than 700 people
33:32managed to get out of the ship
33:34and board the lifeboats.
33:38Hundreds of these survivors
33:40witnessed the sinking.
33:42Even so,
33:44it has always been discredited
33:46how and when the ship broke.
33:48There are still different theories
33:50and arguments
33:52about how things happened
33:54when the ship broke in two.
34:04Now,
34:06some researchers believe
34:08they could prove
34:10what really happened.
34:12In recent years,
34:14the predominant theory
34:16has been that the break happened
34:18while the Titanic was still on the surface.
34:20According to witnesses,
34:22we know that the stern
34:24rose from the water when it sank.
34:26Some experts have argued
34:28that this caused a great tension
34:30in the structure,
34:32breaking the ship in two.
34:34But Bill Lang now has another theory.
34:36The new data
34:38offer us a very different image.
34:42In the drained ocean bed
34:44are all the clues he needs.
34:46For Bill's right eye,
34:48there is nothing random
34:50in the pattern of the residue fields.
34:52They are like the remains of blood
34:54in the scene of a crime.
34:56They all tell a story.
34:58Now, illuminated for the first time
35:00by daylight,
35:02with each palm of the field
35:04he will be able to find out
35:06how the Titanic really sank.
35:08It will tell us much more
35:10about what happened to the ship
35:12after it began to sink
35:16and to make its descent
35:18of 4 km to the sea bed.
35:20And it will tell us more
35:22about what happened to the Titanic
35:24during the break.
35:26For Bill,
35:28there is a crucial proof,
35:30visible for the first time
35:32in the ocean bed exposed to the surface.
35:36The total scale of the residue field.
35:40The new research
35:42has managed to map the area
35:44and for the first time
35:46the researchers can see
35:48its exact dimensions.
35:52They are not the size they expected.
35:58I think the area is not so big
36:00considering the size of the ship.
36:02That is,
36:04we have a ship of about 300 meters
36:06in an area of 5 square kilometers.
36:10If the ship had been completely separated
36:12on the surface,
36:14Bill believes that the area of residues
36:16would be much more disseminated.
36:18Considering that it fell
36:20for several kilometers of water,
36:22the extent of the location of the artifacts
36:24is quite small.
36:26The lower the separation in the water,
36:28the less distance there would be
36:30between the remains when falling
36:32and the more compact would be
36:34the pattern of the ocean bed.
36:36It is a logical argument
36:38and for Bill it is a proof
36:40that the ship separated
36:42much deeper than
36:44originally thought.
36:46It is the only way to explain
36:48such a small area of residues.
36:52One of the most important things
36:54that has arisen from this research
36:56is to know that the ship
36:58did not break immediately
37:00or on the surface,
37:02as originally thought.
37:04And when the theory is compared
37:06with the different versions of witnesses,
37:08more evidence arrives.
37:10The best positioned survivors
37:12to see possible ruptures
37:14were three men located
37:16on the deck of the stern.
37:18Their statements mention the chimneys
37:20coming off the ship,
37:22but they do not mention any large-scale disintegration.
37:24And they do not mention
37:26that the ship had split in two.
37:30Bill and his colleagues have
37:32much more work to do
37:34before reaching the definitive proof.
37:38But for them there is no other way
37:40to justify the evidence.
37:44For them one thing is certain.
37:46The Titanic did not break
37:48near the surface.
37:54With these new theories
37:56the investigation begins to bear fruit.
38:00The mountain of data collected
38:02by the expedition has allowed us
38:04to drain the ocean
38:06and create a new point of view
38:08where we can see clues
38:10that perhaps other expeditions
38:12did not see at the time.
38:14All the key events of the disaster
38:16left residues in the dock
38:18or in the seabed.
38:20And they are here so that we can see them.
38:22These that are throwing some light
38:24to the last mysteries of the Titanic.
38:30But although the researchers
38:32now have a better understanding
38:34of the history of the shipwreck,
38:36there is still a crucial enigma
38:38that they trust to unravel.
38:40What will happen to the Titanic in the future?
38:52This is the Titanic as it is today,
38:54after a century of decomposition
38:56in the ocean depths.
39:02In the last 30 years,
39:04since it was found,
39:06no one has been able to see it like this.
39:08As the researchers study
39:10the model,
39:12the data of the expedition
39:14and the videos,
39:16it becomes increasingly clear
39:18that month after month,
39:20the ship is disappearing.
39:22And it is happening faster
39:24than some experts expected.
39:28Even the most robust sections
39:30of the Pezio are also under threat.
39:34At first glance,
39:36the largest piece, the bow,
39:38seems to be in good condition.
39:40But when we get closer,
39:42the story is very different.
39:44Paul Henry Nardiolet
39:46has been coming to the area
39:48for three decades
39:50and has noticed a great change
39:52with the passage of time.
39:54The distance between deck A
39:56and deck B
39:58was 3 meters.
40:00Now it is 1 or 2 meters.
40:02And step by step,
40:04the deterioration
40:06will reduce that distance.
40:08Soon all the decks
40:10will overlap
40:12and all the interior
40:14will be lost forever.
40:16The researchers want to know
40:18why it is deteriorating so fast.
40:20At these depths,
40:22there is very little oxygen
40:24in the water,
40:26so the metal should oxidize
40:28very slowly.
40:30Even so,
40:32in the recordings made
40:34by the expedition,
40:36there are strange formations
40:38that seem to be oxidized fragments.
40:40They have the shape of stalactites or carambanos.
40:42I was surprised
40:44by their sizes, their colors.
40:46They seem to be orange or brown,
40:48but when you get closer,
40:50you also see that there are green,
40:52purple, red and yellow,
40:54of all the colors of the rainbow.
40:56In the laboratory,
40:58they have analyzed some of those stalactites
41:00with X-ray plates.
41:02What they found inside
41:04is not normal and ordinary oxide.
41:06The interior structure
41:08of this hard-looking carcass
41:10is extremely fragile.
41:14They are filled with millions of ducts,
41:16tunnels and passages
41:18and a lot of these little cavities.
41:20And in them there are stored
41:22all kinds of nutrients.
41:26For the team's microbiologists,
41:28everything is very clear.
41:30The carambanos are formed
41:32by living organisms.
41:36When they do more tests,
41:38they have no doubt
41:40about what those organisms are.
41:42Bacteria.
41:44We found five different communities
41:46of bacteria living inside each carambano.
41:48And then you've got another community
41:50living on the outside,
41:52which makes those bacteria
41:54a pretty complex beast.
41:58The microbiologists believe
42:00that they have come there
42:02from the seabed
42:04or through ocean currents.
42:06But what do they feed on?
42:10When they begin to form,
42:12we start from a surface of steel.
42:14The cells come down to this surface
42:16and form a viscous mass
42:18as it grows,
42:20and it starts to devour the phosphorus
42:22and then the iron.
42:24Then the mass changes.
42:26It goes from being soft and viscous
42:28to becoming iron-rich.
42:32They have found that some of those bacteria
42:34are anaerobic,
42:36forms of life that do not need oxygen
42:38to survive.
42:40Instead, to get energy,
42:42they extract iron and minerals
42:44from the remains of the ship.
42:48Like a bank of microscopic piranhas,
42:50billions of individuals
42:52are devouring the prey.
42:58The impact of the piranhas
43:00on such a large ship
43:02is overwhelming.
43:06Studying these small creatures,
43:08microbiologists can now
43:10develop a time frame
43:12for the final destruction of the Titanic.
43:14If we went back 500 years,
43:16the Titanic would look
43:18the same in the section of proa
43:20that it has now
43:22in terms of the section of the hull.
43:24It would still look like
43:26a long docked ship.
43:28However, it would have to wait
43:30for a deterioration from the rear area
43:32forward, so that a large part
43:34of the walk and the upper deck
43:36would have crumbled.
43:38If we were to revisit Titanic
43:40in a thousand years,
43:42I would not be able to tell
43:44the magnificent size
43:46that she is today.
43:50I would expect that all the deck
43:52would have gone
43:54and the proa would be full
43:56of what would look like piles of rust.
44:02If you revisit the section of popa,
44:04you would see that the deterioration
44:06would have increased
44:08simply because of the damage
44:10suffered by that section
44:12during the sinking.
44:14The bacteria would have eaten the beams
44:16and they would have become
44:18carambanos,
44:20deteriorating them
44:22in the bottom of the seabed.
44:26Much earlier than that,
44:28the administrators of the Titanic
44:30will have to have taken
44:32some difficult decisions.
44:34What do we do?
44:36Do we stand by and allow
44:38the bow section to collapse
44:40upon itself,
44:42or in the future
44:44do we actually design
44:46projects for
44:48recovering
44:50some artifacts
44:52of that section?
44:58The conservation experts
45:00know that some artifacts
45:02as delicate as clothing,
45:04letters or paper
45:06will not survive much longer
45:08in the seabed.
45:14Eventually,
45:16those artifacts
45:18will begin to deteriorate
45:20and will no longer be visible
45:22as objects.
45:26But any suggestion
45:28to remove more objects
45:30or artifacts from the surface
45:32is controversial.
45:34For the descendants of those
45:36who lost their lives,
45:38this is a grave,
45:40and they should leave it alone.
45:42At first, Dave Gallo
45:44agreed, but since those objects
45:46were so valuable,
45:48we went to see the Titanic
45:50exhibition and realized
45:52that having those objects
45:54was a powerful way
45:56of telling the story,
45:58and it was something fantastic
46:00to show people.
46:02For me, the objects
46:04are the historical memory
46:06of the ship.
46:08We can leave it all
46:10at the bottom of the ocean,
46:12but it will be lost.
46:14In the Titanic,
46:16one thing is certain.
46:18Thanks to the new science,
46:20a large part of the ship
46:22will never be lost.
46:24The limits of the area
46:26have been defined for the first time
46:28so that its archaeology
46:30can be protected.
46:32Each millimeter of the ship
46:34inside the perimeter
46:36has been scanned and analyzed.
46:38Each known artifact
46:40has been registered, mapped
46:42and captured in this duplicated
46:44digital world that will never be lost.
46:50Frozen in time,
46:52now we can see and study
46:54the remains as never before.
46:58Under the light of day,
47:00explorers of today and the future
47:02will be able to continue their research
47:06here,
47:08on the drained ocean bed
47:10where the Titanic rests.
47:40music fades out