There's some crazy stuff happening out there in space. Apparently, we're getting hit with a radio signal from somewhere out yonder every 22 minutes like clockwork. It's like the universe is trying to send us a message or something. Scientists are scratching their heads, trying to figure out where these signals are coming from and what they mean. But hey, it's definitely adding a little extra spice to our cosmic adventures! Credit:
The Box: Credit Line and Copyright Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona, CC BY-SA 3.0 CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Box_NGC_4169,_NGC_4173,_NGC_4174_and_NGC_4175.jpg
Curtin University: Kookyrabbit, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_University_from_Edinburgh_Oval.jpg
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NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
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The Box: Credit Line and Copyright Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona, CC BY-SA 3.0 CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Box_NGC_4169,_NGC_4173,_NGC_4174_and_NGC_4175.jpg
Curtin University: Kookyrabbit, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Curtin_University_from_Edinburgh_Oval.jpg
NASA
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Animation is created by Bright Side.
#brightside
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FunTranscript
00:00We still can't find the source of the mysterious signal we've been receiving since 2018.
00:08We receive it every 22 minutes, and nothing can explain this.
00:13Some scientists even believe it could be coming from another civilization we haven't met
00:18yet.
00:26This strange radio signal wasn't found by a scientist on a serious mission.
00:30It was actually discovered by a college student just doing a regular project for school.
00:36Tyrone O'Doherty, an undergrad student at Curtin University in Australia, was sifting
00:41through old data of the southern sky.
00:44He was looking for any weird blinking radio signals.
00:47He finally stumbled upon one from 2018 that seemed to shoot radio waves towards Earth
00:52like a lighthouse beam.
00:55Excited about his find, Tyrone shared it with his mentor, radio astronomer Natasha
01:00Hurley-Walker.
01:02She dove into researching this signal, hoping for a breakthrough.
01:06But despite checking different frequency data, they hit a dead end.
01:10But then, Natasha spotted a pattern.
01:13The signal repeated every 18 minutes.
01:16This was huge.
01:18But just as they were gearing up to study it further, poof, the signal vanished after
01:22only 3 months, leaving them with nothing.
01:27Not giving up, Natasha and her team scanned the skies again, desperate for a clue.
01:33Months passed, but nothing turned up.
01:35They were ready to give up, and then suddenly, a new signal popped up.
01:41This one kept blinking for 5 minutes, then it disappeared.
01:45And then it came back exactly 22 minutes later.
01:49The main question was if that signal was related to an 18-minute one.
01:54To figure it out, Natasha went back to the old radio data from that area.
01:59As they dug deeper, they realized that, yes, and these signals aren't anything new.
02:04They've been beaming towards Earth for 35 years.
02:08Back in 1988, Indian and American telescopes had caught them, but they got buried under
02:14tons of other data.
02:17This was great news for space explorers because it meant they could now calculate how far
02:21away this mysterious object was.
02:24After doing the math, they figured out it was incredibly far, even on the space scale
02:29– 15,000 light-years from Earth.
02:32The only thing left to uncover was what exactly this object was.
02:37Walker and his team started comparing it to all the known radio-emitting objects out there.
02:43Yet its source remains a mystery.
02:45The signals still pop up every 22 minutes on NASA screens, always ending with a frustrating
02:51match-not-found message.
02:53The scientists called it J183910.
02:59Some think that the signal might come from some extraterrestrial beings.
03:04Maybe it's the signal that SETI, the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, has been
03:09waiting for.
03:10This project has been working for over 50 years, trying to find any evidence of life
03:15beyond Earth.
03:17They also scan the skies for radio waves, laser pulses, and other mysterious signals.
03:22So maybe it's a way for extraterrestrial folk to communicate their location.
03:29While that idea may sound exciting, we need to be careful about jumping to conclusions.
03:34First, we don't have solid proof for that.
03:38Before any concrete evidence, it's just speculation.
03:41And also, there are other more plausible explanations.
03:45Most likely, it comes from a natural phenomenon, and there are a couple of theories for that.
03:51The first one is the pulsar theory.
03:55Imagine a huge star in space much bigger than our sun.
03:59Sometimes these big stars finish their life journeys in a spectacular event called a supernova.
04:06When this happens, the star's core collapses, becoming super compact, as if you're squeezing
04:12all the stuff from that star into a tiny space.
04:15That tiny, super-dense core is called a neutron star.
04:20Some of these neutron stars are extra special.
04:22We call them pulsars.
04:24They get their name because they seem to pulse with energy, like a space lighthouse.
04:29These pulsars have incredibly strong magnetic fields, much stronger than what you'd find
04:34on Earth.
04:35They're like enormous magnets in space.
04:38Because of this, they shoot out beams of energy.
04:41They're also spinning super fast, so these beams of energy seem to pulse on and off as
04:46they spin around.
04:49The strange signal we detected seems to have similarities with pulsars, but not quite.
04:56Pulsars usually have a predictable lifespan and slow down over time, eventually stopping
05:00their radio signals.
05:03In contrast, our mysterious signal is quite persistent and is blinking beyond what's
05:08So, maybe it's not a typical pulsar, or not a pulsar at all.
05:16There's also a magnetar theory.
05:19A magnetar is another type of neutron star.
05:22They're like supercharged versions of pulsars, with even stronger magnetic fields and slightly
05:27longer pulsating periods.
05:29Maybe this is what causes our signal's intense persistence.
05:33However, when we plotted the data, we also realized the signal didn't match the magnetar's
05:38vibes either.
05:41Magnetars not only send out radio waves, but also powerful X-rays because they're so energetic.
05:47But the signal we received was only sending out radio waves.
05:52So, we figured it's not a pulsar and not a magnetar.
05:57The signal's behavior is very strange and suggests an unnatural source.
06:03This means there might be something in the universe that scientists haven't fully explored
06:07yet.
06:08And there is a space object that we don't know much about.
06:11The final theory is the so-called dwarf pulsar.
06:15Sounds a little dopey to me.
06:17Couldn't help myself.
06:18Now, a dwarf pulsar is like a star that blinks with light flashes, similar to pulsars, but
06:24it takes longer for each blink.
06:28Usually white dwarfs are the leftovers from smaller stars.
06:32They don't blink because their magnetic field isn't as strong as pulsars.
06:36But when a white dwarf becomes pretty hefty, almost the mass of our Sun, it gets super
06:41dense and starts pulsating with a strong magnetic field, just like pulsars.
06:46They have a cool quirk.
06:48White dwarfs are made of electrons, not neutrons like pulsars.
06:52When these charged electrons start dancing with the magnetic field, they shoot out periodic
06:57light flashes, which happen every 100 to 1,000 seconds.
07:01As you remember, our signal has a period of 22 minutes, 1,320 seconds.
07:08A bit longer than the usual white dwarf pulsars, but it's much closer to the truth.
07:13So far, this sounds like the most plausible explanation.
07:16But even this theory isn't fully confirmed yet.
07:20This just shows how much there is in the universe that we're still figuring out.
07:27For example, fast radio bursts, another mysterious type of signal we've been detecting.
07:33They're like quick, intense bursts of energy in the form of radio waves.
07:37They have a ton of energy.
07:39FRBs are so powerful that sometimes they can be brighter than entire galaxies.
07:45Now imagine this, they release as much energy in a few milliseconds as our Sun does in three
07:51whole days.
07:53Wow.
07:54These bursts happen all over the sky with huge frequencies, although some have been
07:59detected with lower frequencies.
08:02Every day, we catch around 10,000 random FRBs in the sky.
08:06Some of them repeat, but most happen once and disappear forever.
08:12Unfortunately, most of them only last for a fraction of a second, and by the time their
08:18energy reaches us, it's a thousand times weaker than a mobile phone signal from the Moon.
08:25This is why, despite their brightness, there's still a lot we don't understand about them.
08:30We're still trying to figure out what causes these FRBs.
08:34They could be coming from different sources, like already-mentioned magnetars, colliding
08:40stars, or even merging galaxies or white dwarfs.
08:45As these bursts travel through space, they pick up information about the cosmic environments
08:50they pass through, like interstellar gas clouds.
08:55It's very unlikely that FRBs are some messages from extraterrestrial beings, though.
09:01Not only because there are thousands of them every day, all across the sky, but also because
09:06we know that the sources of these bursts must be incredibly energetic themselves.
09:11Our neighbors would have to have equipment stronger than entire galaxies for that.
09:16But the bottom line is, while all these signals are fascinating, there's still a ton to learn
09:21about them.
09:23That's it for today, so hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like
09:30and share it with your friends!
09:31Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!