Et si l'univers était composé d'antimatière? Eh bien, les choses seraient plutôt folles ! L'antimatière est comme une image miroir de la matière normale, et si elle touchait cette matière normale, elles exploseraient toutes les deux dans une explosion d'énergie. Donc, si tout dans l'univers était de l'antimatière, nous ne remarquerions jamais de différence parce que toutes les règles fonctionneraient toujours de la même manière, mais nous devrions éviter toute matière normale. Le plus grand problème serait que si même une infime partie de matière normale apparaissait, elle causerait une explosion massive. Heureusement, notre univers est principalement composé de matière, donc nous n'avons pas à nous inquiéter que cela se produise ! C'est amusant d'imaginer, cependant, comment un univers entier d'antimatière pourrait exister quelque part, très loin. Animation créée par Sympa.
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Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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FunTranscript
00:00Imagine a universe made up of antimatter.
00:04In this alternative reality, the constituents of matter are made up of particles with opposite charges,
00:10thus creating a strange and fascinating world.
00:13What could they look like?
00:15Would the laws of physics be reversed?
00:17Would time flow backwards?
00:19Fasten your seatbelts and let's explore this hypothesis together.
00:22Let's start by understanding what antimatter really is.
00:25It is well established that our universe is made up of matter,
00:28which is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
00:32These atoms are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons,
00:36which together form matter and make up everything around us, including ourselves.
00:41Antimatter, on the other hand, looks like ordinary matter, but with opposite properties.
00:46Like superheroes and their enemies with antagonistic powers,
00:50antimatter has opposite characteristics to matter.
00:54Thus, where ordinary matter contains protons charged positively,
00:58antimatter contains antiprotons charged negatively.
01:02Instead of electrons, we find positrons, and instead of neutrinos, antineutrinos.
01:08It's like a mirror reflection of everything we know.
01:12A particularly interesting aspect of antimatter
01:15is that when these particles collide with matter particles,
01:19they annihilate each other, releasing an immense amount of energy.
01:24This effect has both advantages and disadvantages.
01:28On the one hand, this property makes the study of antimatter extremely complex and expensive,
01:33requiring rigorous precautions to avoid that the antiparticles
01:37meet atoms of matter and annihilate each other.
01:41On the other hand, the enormous energy released could one day disrupt our technologies,
01:47especially in the propulsion systems of space travel.
01:50Imagine for a moment the extraordinary impact that could have.
01:55Researchers advance that, just after the Big Bang,
01:58matter and antimatter existed in equal quantities.
02:02This then raises a fundamental question.
02:05What happened to antimatter?
02:07If they had been perfectly balanced,
02:10our universe would have been instantly annihilated,
02:14particles and antiparticles annihilating each other.
02:18Alas, even scientists are not sure about this.
02:22A hypothesis suggests that the laws of physics in the primitive universe differed slightly,
02:27causing a slight imbalance between matter and antimatter.
02:32Thus, after the Big Bang, particles and antiparticles began to annihilate each other.
02:38For some unknown reason, antimatter gradually disappeared,
02:42leaving matter prevailing.
02:45This phenomenon, known as baryogenesis,
02:48would then have allowed the formation of our universe.
02:52However, there are also scientists who propose bolder theories.
02:58For example, a team of Canadian researchers from the Perimeter Institute of Theoretical Physics,
03:03led by Neil Turok,
03:05suggested that two universes would be given during the Big Bang.
03:09Ours, composed of matter,
03:11and a parallel universe, composed of antimatter.
03:16This is where all antimatter would have disappeared.
03:19According to this theory,
03:21the two universes separated shortly after their creation.
03:24As the distance between them increased,
03:27the interaction between particles and antiparticles
03:31gradually diminished,
03:33allowing matter to dominate in our universe,
03:36while antimatter prevailed in the other.
03:39But the most crucial question remains,
03:42what could this mysterious universe made of antimatter look like?
03:47We could imagine a universe where everything is inverted.
03:50Stars emitting a bluish light instead of yellow.
03:54Buildings made of glass reflecting light in the opposite direction.
03:58And laws of physics operating in the opposite direction of ours.
04:01Since antimatter has a charge opposite to that of ordinary matter,
04:05doesn't it seem logical?
04:07However, the reality is more complex.
04:10At first, scientists thought that this universe would be exactly identical to ours,
04:16thanks to a property formerly known as CP symmetry.
04:20The C refers to the charge conjugation,
04:24which means that each elementary particle has a twin with an opposite charge.
04:29The P refers to the symmetry of parity,
04:33that is, the symmetry of space.
04:35Thus, each of the three directions in our universe
04:38has an opposite direction in this alternative universe.
04:42In short, this means that
04:44the laws of physics remain identical
04:47regardless of the place or type of particle considered.
04:50By applying the laws of physics in reverse,
04:53in another place or with different particles,
04:56the results should normally remain unchanged.
05:00In simple terms,
05:02at first, scientists thought that the antimatter universe would be the exact reflection of ours.
05:07A mirror world, in every way similar,
05:10which would actually be quite monotonous.
05:13However, in the 1950s,
05:15an unexpected discovery shook these hypotheses.
05:18None of these symmetries were really verified.
05:22For example, a piece of cobalt-60 emits particles that rotate in a certain direction.
05:28However, the cobalt-60 antiparticle emits particles that rotate in the opposite direction,
05:35whereas they should have rotated in the same direction.
05:38How to explain this?
05:40It turned out that the CP symmetry
05:43did not apply in some cases of weak nuclear interaction,
05:47a force with sometimes confusing behavior.
05:51This observation left scientists perplexed for a long time.
05:55Then, they found a solution by adding a new dimension to the CP symmetry,
06:00the T symmetry,
06:02which corresponds to the inversion of time.
06:05This means that in the antimatter universe,
06:08time should flow from the future to the past.
06:12In this context, the CPT symmetry remained consistent.
06:17Thus, the antimatter universe would indeed be a mirror of our universe,
06:22but where time would be reversed.
06:25There could therefore be a version of you in this anti-universe,
06:29who would watch this video on an inverted screen,
06:32already knowing the end.
06:34Incredible, isn't it?
06:37Although this universe would seem similar to ours,
06:40it would be fundamentally different.
06:43In this world, events would take place in reverse.
06:47For example, broken objects would reconstitute themselves to become whole again.
06:51Individuals would regenerate, like Benjamin Button.
06:54And apples would fly out of Newton's head to regain their tree.
06:59Of course, all this remains highly speculative.
07:02It is very difficult to imagine a world where time flows in the opposite direction.
07:07And we can only imagine the surreal aspect of this inverted reality.
07:12But for now, this is what the data indicate.
07:15There could be an unknown element that would differentiate this world from antimatter,
07:20but as far as we know,
07:22it seems that this is what this mirror universe would look like.
07:27Scientists continue to study antimatter and its properties,
07:31because their understanding is crucial for several reasons.
07:35First of all, it allows us to better understand the universe and its origins.
07:40The imbalance between matter and antimatter within our universe
07:44is one of the greatest mysteries of physics,
07:47and studying antimatter could enlighten us on this phenomenon.
07:52Then, it enriches our knowledge of the physics of particles and subatomic particles.
07:57This understanding could help us to unravel the secrets of the universe
08:01and open the way to new discoveries.
08:04And of course, we must not forget the potential technological advances.
08:09Antimatter could serve as fuel for future space missions and many other technologies,
08:15especially in propulsion systems allowing to travel from planet to planet.
08:20Antimatter could also have medical applications,
08:23such as in cancer treatment, for example.
08:26In medical imaging, in addition,
08:28antimatter particles can produce images in very high body resolution,
08:33giving doctors a more accurate view.
08:37In short, understanding the properties of antimatter is essential for science.
08:42It is a captivating field of study that has the potential to reveal some of the greatest secrets of the universe.
08:50An antimatter universe would be a fascinating world to explore to discover how everything works.
08:57The true nature of this universe remains still a mystery, waiting to be studied and understood.
09:03Let's just hope that one day we will be able to elucidate this great enigma.