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00:00In 2011, during just one afternoon, Anders Breivik embarked on a murderous rampage that
00:08would send shockwaves around the globe.
00:10We all had the sensation that an act of war was really taking place.
00:15As the clock ticked, the body count rose.
00:17We had no idea if there was 15 people shooting, one person shooting.
00:22Death toll was just rising all the time.
00:25Now I was convinced I was dead.
00:28And with it the question, why had Breivik waged a three-and-a-half-hour war on his own
00:33innocent countrymen?
00:35It's like trying to understand Ted Bundy or Adolf Hitler.
00:40And committed history's deadliest killing spree.
00:43Who did this?
00:45Who is behind this?
00:46Where did the hatred come from?
00:58The 22nd of July, 2011, Norway, a Scandinavian country admired for its landscape, high living
01:22standards and for having one of the lowest murder rates in the world.
01:28In the capital city of Oslo, the day had begun like any other.
01:32The 22nd of July is in the middle of the main holiday in Norway, and of course the weather
01:39was pretty bad, as it always is.
01:43But it's still summer, so most of the people were actually at holiday.
01:48Pretty normal summer's day in Norway, actually.
01:51We were in the office, and it was quite a busy Friday.
01:57We were all looking forward to the weekend.
02:03At 3.18pm, a white van is captured on CCTV, parking next to Norway's government headquarters.
02:13Its driver is 32-year-old Anders Breivik, and cameras record him leaving the scene armed
02:19and dressed in police-style uniform.
02:23Minutes later, at 3.26pm, the country would be changed forever, as the world's worst
02:29kinning spree began.
02:54Joachim Ringstad, a local shop owner, would feel the ferocity of the explosion first-hand.
03:03I remember just being in the office, and suddenly there was just like a pressure wave, a big
03:11pressure wave that just kind of felt like it just blew through the whole building.
03:20There was debris and dust everywhere in the air.
03:24I thought the building would come down as well.
03:33Local businessman, Johan Tanberg, would be one of the first on the scene to witness the
03:38unfolding fallout.
03:40When the bomb exploded, I was underneath this building here in my car, driving.
03:45Actually, I was on my way home.
03:49I had to lay down on the floor in my car.
03:51I thought the ceiling was coming down.
03:53I was scared.
03:56It was a big air pressure through the tunnel.
04:00My car stopped, actually.
04:01I started again, and I drove out from the tunnel.
04:05Immediately when I got out from the tunnel, I saw this disaster that had occurred outside.
04:10I started to film maybe eight seconds after the blast, or the bomb went off.
04:15The massive deadly blast, killing eight, transformed Oslo from tranquil to terrifying.
04:35I thought it was a truck that had run into the building, or an earthquake.
04:41Everybody around me just froze.
04:43They didn't know what to do.
04:45I just ran out to see what was going on.
04:49When I got to the door, the second I got out, I saw glass falling down from the sky, so
04:54I couldn't run out.
04:56I saw people on the street.
04:57People were laying on the street.
04:59It was very quiet, I can remember.
05:01It was totally silent.
05:05The only thing I could hear was the alarm inside the buildings, the fire alarms.
05:16With authorities beginning to arrive, the scale of the task facing them quickly became apparent.
05:35It was...
05:37It was a great devastation on the spot.
05:40It was dead, hard damage.
06:05And I looked toward the center of the town, and there was smoke coming up where government
06:10buildings are.
06:12First thing I thought was, Norway was under attack.
06:24One building I went into, helped some people out.
06:28One building was so damaged, so I couldn't go into it.
06:32I was afraid it would fall down.
06:46It was a vacation.
06:47It was summer.
06:48It was 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
06:50Most of the people were not at work, thank God.
06:53So most of the offices were empty.
06:56The doors, the walls, everything was smashed in.
06:59So you couldn't see that it has been an office.
07:03People were really scared in town.
07:05For more bombs, or for who did it.
07:09The white van parked outside the government buildings had been packed with almost a ton
07:14of fertilizer-based explosives.
07:17Its detonation had left 8 dead, and more than 80 injured.
07:23We all had this sensation that an act of war was really taking place, and we were wondering
07:30who did this?
07:31Who is behind this?
07:33Where did the hatred come from?
07:44At 3.26pm, the 22nd of July, 2011, Norway's capital city of Oslo had been devastated by
07:52a massive car bomb.
07:56It was a day that Anders Breivik had been preparing for, for months.
08:01And the bombing was merely the beginning of his killing spree.
08:09The 13th of February, 1979, Oslo.
08:14Anders Breivik is born to a diplomat and a nurse.
08:19His childhood was marked by the divorce of his parents, and worrying behaviour that would
08:24draw the attention of the authorities at a very young age.
08:29He was under observation by a child psychiatrist when he was at the age of 3 or 4 years old.
08:36And they all gave him a quite serious diagnosis, that he was already a different psychiatric
08:43setup than normal kids.
08:47At the age of 4, Breivik was assessed by psychologists, because they became quite concerned about
08:53the home life his mother was bringing him up in.
08:56They thought that he'd been sexualised in school, that he'd been raped.
09:01The family unit would quickly begin to dissolve, leaving Anders in the care of his increasingly
09:06unstable mother, and isolated from his father.
09:10I think Breivik's father is present mostly in the form of his absence.
09:15You know, he was not there for Breivik.
09:18He thought that his mother had been sexually abused.
09:22He thought that she had been sexually abused.
09:25I think Breivik's father is present mostly in the form of his absence.
09:29You know, he was not there for Breivik.
09:32He certainly didn't have much of a family to live with.
09:37I would say he was of a neurotic background.
09:40He was an individual who was prone to outbursts or dramatic scenes and shows of largesse.
09:48As the dust began to settle in Oslo's city centre,
09:52the investigation had begun into who could be behind the atrocity.
09:57We received a lot of reports about the bombings in Jensdander.
10:01We received a lot of reports about explosions.
10:05And we received a lot of reports about suspicious people who had to be checked out.
10:11I actually thought about 9-11, something like that,
10:14because it was like a disaster area,
10:17because people were just walking around slowly.
10:20They were like zombies, in a sense.
10:24It was a violent and unreal picture.
10:28It's not what you expect to see in Oslo, not in Norway,
10:33and perhaps not in Scandinavia either.
10:36Oslo and Norway were completely unprepared for something like this,
10:40and pretty much taken with their pants down.
10:45One of the interesting things about Breivik's spree, of course,
10:48is that he bought himself extra time.
10:50For a while, the police were only taking calls about the bombing and nothing else.
11:12Pictures coming through to the police control room
11:15would offer the first crucial clues in their hunt for the perpetrator.
11:21We could tell where the perpetrator had gone,
11:27which car was parked on the outside,
11:31which had been blown up,
11:34and the registration number on it,
11:36so that all of that would be sent to those who were investigating at the police station.
11:43But the culprit was already one step ahead of the authorities,
11:47and what he had planned next would dwarf the carnage in the city
11:51and shock the entire world.
11:56Breivik was driving out of town when his bomb exploded.
12:02I think he enjoyed the deception.
12:04He was absolutely relishing the artistry of what he was doing.
12:09He was driving for about 40 minutes
12:12until he came to the nearby lake of Tyrrefjord.
12:18With confusion and tensions mounting across the country,
12:21Breivik would begin to execute the second stage of his plan.
12:26The island of Utøya was hosting a summer camp of young Labour Party activists,
12:31and Breivik was headed straight for them.
12:36He parked his car on the ferry crossings over to Utøya,
12:40and he presented himself as a security police officer
12:44there to instruct them about security measures that needed to be taken
12:49in light of the explosion that had just happened in Oslo.
12:52And they sent the ferry over to collect him.
12:56What would come next would be an act so sinister,
12:59it would strip a generation of its innocence.
13:07Located 50 minutes outside of Oslo,
13:09the picturesque island of Utøya is famed for its outstanding natural beauty.
13:16Utøya is actually like a whole Norway just placed
13:21within a couple of thousand square feet.
13:25Playing host to the annual summer camp for the youth division of the Labour Party,
13:29Utøya seemed a perfectly formed paradise.
13:34From air, it looks like a heart just dropped into the ocean.
13:39Every year we've been using the island for a big summer camp
13:43where we gather maybe 700 youth one week in July.
13:50I cannot explain it in any other word than a perfect summer camp.
13:58But this island idyll would soon be transformed
14:01into a nightmarish vision of violence by Anders Breivik.
14:06People were playing football, volleyball.
14:09Everything was just normal, perfect.
14:12Suddenly, the one who was running the island,
14:19we called her Mother Utøya,
14:23comes in with a look on her face that I've never seen before on anyone,
14:30and she said, something has exploded in Oslo.
14:35Of course we were shocked, and we saw pictures,
14:38and it was like seeing scenes from a city in a war.
14:44It was like someone switched the light off
14:47and took the breath out of everybody's lungs.
14:50It was no joy anymore.
14:54I remember walking up here, and my mother called me.
14:59She was worried something happened to me, and I said,
15:02No, nothing happened. I'm on Utøya.
15:05I wasn't in Oslo, and she should be just calm
15:10because I'm probably at the safest place in Norway right now.
15:16No one could have imagined that the man behind the bombing in Oslo
15:20had his sights set on the island of Utøya.
15:24Anders Breivik's position as an outsider had been defined at an early age.
15:30Breivik grew up in a very affluent part of town,
15:34but he had a single mother and an address
15:37which was not kind of on par with his classmates,
15:41and I think he felt rejected.
15:45Aged just 14, he had sought acceptance by joining a nationalist gang,
15:50but his natural demeanour set him apart from the other gang members.
15:55As I remember meeting this guy, he was probably on a party.
16:01I can kind of see him just sitting there,
16:06watching, trying to figure out how to blend in.
16:12However, there was one aspect of youth culture that Breivik did excel at,
16:16one which demonstrated his ability to prepare and execute a plan in extreme detail.
16:22He would also try to establish a reputation as a graffiti artist.
16:28So he was apparently, according to the people who knew him at the time,
16:34planning his graffiti raids like a general.
16:38Extremely good with the logistics, getting the number of cans and planning his missions.
16:42He was definitely searching to get some recognition, to be someone.
16:50As it happened all the time with him, he worked very hard for recognition,
16:56but he ended up being rejected also by these people.
17:00Breivik has certainly made reference to being isolated when he was younger and in his teens,
17:06but he's also showed adept skills at being a good listener.
17:10He's also showed adept skills at belonging when he needed to.
17:14So although he postures himself as being the outsider's outsider,
17:18as a narcissist he's also very capable of working on the inside when he needs to.
17:23Such capabilities would prove crucial in carrying out the second stage
17:28of a killing spree that has already seen eight dead.
17:30Some time later we received a report that the criminal was wearing a police uniform,
17:37that he was wearing a bulletproof helmet and that he had a weapon in his hand.
18:00After arriving in Utoja and claiming an obligation to keep Utoja's inhabitants safe from harm,
18:05Breivik was welcomed.
18:08They sent the ferry over to collect him and they carried his big suitcase with his ammunition.
18:16At 5.21 the first shots were fired, beginning what would be over an hour of unimaginable horror.
18:25The first thing he did was to go and ask for the guardsmen of the island to come with him
18:31and the woman who was the head of the camp and then he drew his pistol and he shot them both in the head.
18:40I could see people running and him shooting and I could see three people fall just right here.
18:55At 5.23 Anders Breivik approached the cafeteria, a building busy with youngsters.
19:03I was in the cafeteria and then I saw very many people that were running outside
19:09and I called them because there was no reason to run like they were doing
19:14and one of them told me that a guy was shooting them and I both took it serious
19:20because he had a very stressed voice but also I thought it was a joke.
19:26I thought maybe this was an act, I thought this day has been already so absurd it couldn't get any worse.
19:33I ran outside of the building and then there were already some people that were lying outside that were killed
19:40and then that was the moment that I understood that this was for real.
19:44As confusion spread amongst the campers, Breivik maintained a menacing calm.
19:50His singular purpose, the intention to kill.
19:55There was this girl approaching him from a distance, looked like a policeman
20:01and this man walked normally with a normal speed towards this girl
20:08and this girl was just walking normally towards him.
20:13He pulls up his gun that he held in his hand down by his thighs.
20:20He points it up at this girl, she stops and slowly started walking backwards.
20:28He continues with the same speed towards her
20:32and a series of rounds goes off and he shoots her down into the ground.
20:42There were around 500 young people gathered around the cafeteria and the campsite.
20:48It was like nothing, not even a single leaf or straw grass moved, everything just stood completely still
20:56and at the same time that girl hit the ground, it seemed like the ground just lifted itself up and started running away
21:06and that was all the people running.
21:10At 5.31, Breivik began working his way through the campsite towards the woods.
21:15Between the strings and the tents and the things lying around, chairs, it was like an obstacle course.
21:26This was an obstacle course where if you fall, you would die actually.
21:35The gunman had already shot and killed 21.
21:39As he made his way through the woods towards the southern tip of the island,
21:43he would take 15 more lives.
21:46I just ran and then I came to the sea so there was no place to run anymore and then I just hide in the grass.
21:56You could hear the trees crunching from the bullets that were fired away.
22:03You can also see bullet holes.
22:06We heard a lot of shooting.
22:08We heard a lot of shooting.
22:11So at the time we heard shooting, it was of course terrible because we knew what was happening.
22:17Even though I never prepared for this and never prepared for running for my life or being attacked like this,
22:25it's also quite impressive how the body reacts and the only thing the mind is set on is to survive.
22:34Before you even start to think about something, your body and your mind has already done it.
22:43Before you realise you have to run, you're already there.
22:48Before you start to think swim, you're already in the water.
22:53Rumours of the atrocities unfolding on Utøya began to circulate across Norway.
22:59Journalist Marius Andersen would be dispatched in a helicopter to investigate.
23:04When we approached Utøya, the weather was really, really bad.
23:08It's raining from kind of all directions and you have to go in pretty low,
23:12like as low as possible without breaking any laws.
23:15And I just told my pilot to start circling the island.
23:18I need an overview, I need overview pictures, I need to understand what's going on because I had no idea.
23:23For many on the island, the only option was to swim for their lives.
23:28Leaving my cell phone behind and my wallet in my pocket so I could be identified,
23:35we started swimming.
23:37I started seeing people in the water.
23:40And the strange thing about your mind is that you don't expect people to be swimming away from an island, like scared.
23:49This was a summer camp in my head and my head told me, oh, they're taking a swim.
23:54And it takes like a second and you're, no, they're not taking a swim.
23:58And I was like, oh my God.
24:00It was a summer camp in my head and my head told me, oh, they're taking a swim.
24:04And it takes like a second and you're, no, they're not swimming.
24:08They're not bathing, they're swimming away from the island.
24:11I couldn't breathe. So after 50, maybe 100 meters, I turned back.
24:17I realized this was going to be too far.
24:20And I also realized that I was probably going to drown.
24:25At that time we started to realize that this is a process that goes over time
24:28because it doesn't really add up. Your head doesn't really want to believe it.
24:34You think, okay, it's reported shooting.
24:37It might be someone playing with fireworks on one side of the scale and on the other side of the scale.
24:41It might be a mass murderer, but that's highly unlikely.
24:47I remember water level was probably around my hip or thighs somewhere.
24:55Standing, coughing.
24:58There was no one around me.
25:01So I thought that there was.
25:04And suddenly the same man that I saw earlier comes out of the woods just right next to me.
25:11Eight, maybe 10 meters away.
25:15And starts screaming that.
25:23That I'm going to kill you.
25:25And you must all die today.
25:28At 3.26 p.m. on the 22nd of July, 2011, the Norwegian capital of Oslo was devastated by a massive car bomb.
25:46Eight would die and more than 80 would be injured.
25:50Nearly two hours later, a new horror had begun 25 miles away,
25:55when a gunman began running amok on Utoja, a small island packed with young people attending a left-wing Labour Party camp.
26:05Journalist Marius Andersen was in a helicopter above the island, but was as confused as the people on the ground.
26:13At that point, we had no idea what was going on.
26:16At that point, we had no idea if there was 15 people shooting, one person shooting.
26:21We didn't know that there was one guy dressed as a cop.
26:24But I remember I saw a big, tall character, which I then thought, OK, that might be police.
26:32The gunman, dressed as a police officer, was 32-year-old Anders Breivik,
26:37and he had already taken the lives of 36 people on the island.
26:41At 5.40pm, he began shooting at the youngsters in the water.
26:47He started shooting into the water after the people that were swimming,
26:52and when you saw the columns of water that were rising from the bullets,
26:57you realised this is happening for real.
27:00And after he finished shooting, he turned around towards me,
27:06and after he finished shooting, he turned around towards me and aims at me.
27:14You could see into the barrel.
27:17I don't know why I screamed, but I did, but I screamed that,
27:21no, don't shoot me.
27:24In the blink of an eye, he pulls down his rifle, turns around and walks away.
27:31Later, Breivik would claim that he hadn't shot Adrian at that moment
27:36because he looked right-wing in appearance.
27:43When he was 27 years old, Breivik had left his shared flat
27:47and began detaching himself from the world.
27:50He moved into his mother's apartment and began immersing himself
27:55in a world of online gaming and extremist internet sites.
27:59He was isolated, living with his mother, staying mostly in his room,
28:05playing computer games almost incessantly, visiting extremist websites.
28:10He also started to behave rather oddly.
28:16He would be sometimes very angry with his mother,
28:21and when she was ill, he would use a face mask to avoid contamination
28:26somehow, and he would go around in the apartment
28:32dressed up in some of these uniforms that he purchased.
28:35It was really props for this character he was building for himself.
28:41Friends would notice a change in the anti-Islamist,
28:45describing him as increasingly withdrawn and reclusive.
28:49Many spree killers have undergone a period of social withdrawal
28:53and social isolation in the few months before they engage in their lethal attack.
28:59It could be that while Breivik was in his period of isolation,
29:03he began focusing more and more on his spree as the only solution,
29:07but it could also have been a very canny way for him to go off the grid.
29:11Years later, he would turn his violent video gaming into reality.
29:176.08pm, the 22nd of July, Bitoya Island.
29:23Anders Breivik had already taken the lives of 49 people.
29:36With police occupied by events in Oslo, local residents took to the water in boats
29:42in a bid to begin a relief effort.
29:44Plucking those that had chosen to swim to safety from the freezing lake.
29:49One of those residents was local hotel worker Viggo Larsen.
30:14I slid slowly against what I first thought was a T-shirt,
30:20but it was a man who lay on his stomach in the lake and was dead.
30:27The local police dispatched officers to the island.
30:31Norway's specialist counter-terrorism unit, Delta Force, would also be called into action.
30:38I called the police several times and they said they were on their way,
30:42but it took more than one hour, so we were completely helpless.
30:51At around 6.10pm, a large group of youngsters were at the pump house
30:56when a police officer arrived and informed them that the culprit had been caught.
31:01As they gathered together, he opened fire.
31:05It was Breivik, and 14 would die at that moment.
31:10The really striking aspect about the massacre on Utøya is how calm Breivik was,
31:17how methodical he was, and how careful he was.
31:21One of the common mistakes that journalists and media reports make,
31:25particularly in the immediate aftermath of a spree,
31:28is they believe that the killer was crazed, deranged and shooting victims at random.
31:34We certainly see time and time again in spree killers
31:37that they are focused and calm and very much in control of both their emotions and the situation.
31:44For Adrian and those still trapped on the island, the terror would continue.
31:50I was there all alone. I thought maybe lightning wouldn't hit the same place two times, but it did.
31:56And then suddenly a group of people arrived.
32:01You could hear someone whispering, he's coming.
32:07By 6.30pm, Breivik had circled the island and returned to the southern tip, where he began shooting again.
32:15The moment was captured from the circling helicopter.
32:21And the first shot was so loud.
32:29Before I even could open my eyes, I felt something warm next to my head.
32:35It felt like my head exploded.
32:40Now I was convinced I was dead.
32:43Adrian had been wounded in the shoulder. Five of those around him would die.
32:50From what I know, the last bullet that was fired here,
32:56was the bullet that hit me in the shoulder and still is there.
33:00He was captured one minute and twenty seconds after the last shot.
33:12After an hour and nine minutes of unchecked bloodshed,
33:17Delta Force would arrive on the shores of Utoja to face down Anders Breivik.
33:22The last thing that we were actually able to see was the police
33:26walking in tactical formations like terrorist cops do and checking out stuff.
33:33Then, the man responsible for a massacre would surrender without a fight.
33:39Breivik's spree was certainly different from many other sprees that have gone before it.
33:44Predominantly, spree killers either kill themselves or they are killed by law enforcement.
33:49Clearly, Breivik wanted to be taken alive so he could give his ideological views
33:53a platform.
34:03Although the violence may have been over, for those survivors left on Utoja,
34:08the trauma would continue.
34:12I was rescued by the police and they took me away and I was taken by a private boat.
34:17But when we came to the hotel where everybody was gathered, all those who survived,
34:24I immediately understood that the numbers of the killed would be extremely high.
34:30I would like to say anything happened so fast, but actually it didn't.
34:34It happened very slowly.
34:37It seemed like we were trapped here forever.
34:40And some part of me probably still is.
34:43In one afternoon, Anders Breivik had claimed the lives of 77 of his countrymen,
34:498 in Oslo and 69 on Utoja island.
34:54He claimed to have committed the massacre as a political act.
35:06Several months prior to the attacks, the reclusive right-winger had moved to a village
35:12from his mother's Oslo flat to an isolated farm two hours north.
35:17All the while, he kept a diary of his preparations.
35:21These would form a significant part of a large manifesto, one that he intended to publish.
35:29He played a very savvy game of taking lots of media-friendly pictures of himself,
35:35posturing with guns, posturing in uniforms, looking very Aryan on some occasions,
35:39showing his blue eyes and his blonde hair.
35:42He saw himself as being suitable for breeding,
35:46almost like a stud for future generations of the Aryan race.
35:50So he's clearly a very narcissistic individual
35:53who knows how to sell the image of what he was trying to pass on.
35:57Under the guise of becoming a vegetable farmer,
36:00Breivik would use his seclusion to his advantage,
36:03gathering ammunition and planning his attack.
36:06This is when he researched and planned and got there with all of his equipment
36:12and started manufacturing his bomb.
36:16On the 21st of July 2011, the day before his killing spree,
36:21Breivik completed a final recce in Oslo city centre
36:25before returning to the farm one last time.
36:37He was picked up at Rhena station by taxi driver Arald Tangen.
36:42I meet Breivik in the train station
36:46and he stands there and wants a taxi, so I ask him if I may be able to drive him home.
36:53The farm is about 12 kilometres from Rhena centre.
36:58Big farms with a lot of space.
37:00He had the place to do what he was going to do.
37:06Breivik has claimed that he spent 11 months preparing for his spree and bomb attacks.
37:13He clearly knew what he was doing and he knew the best way to go about it.
37:17He could effectively disappear while he ordered the parts
37:21and stockpiled the weapons and bomb making equipment that he would need.
37:25After I drove him home, he went out of the car
37:30and he just stood in the middle of the courtyard.
37:34When I let him out, he was just standing there with his briefcase.
37:39I think, why don't you go in or do something?
37:43But he just stayed there, so I took my time just to see him.
37:46I had never been down to the farm before.
37:49He had no intention to go inside the house because he was in a hurry.
37:52Breivik would wait for the taxi to leave before driving back to Oslo.
37:58At 2.09pm, Breivik would make his motivations public,
38:03sending out his 1500 plus page manifesto to supposed sympathisers across Europe.
38:09Just over an hour later, his killing spree, the deadliest in world history, would begin.
38:23But what had driven Anders Breivik to commit such an unimaginable crime?
38:38On 22nd July 2011, Norway had changed forever.
38:44Anders Breivik's attacks in Oslo and on Utoja had left a nation in mourning.
38:49It is sometimes easy just to talk about the number, about the attack,
38:54but these were 77 individuals that are no longer with us.
38:59Most of them were very young, the youngest was 14.
39:03The majority were below 18, so that is what 22nd July is about,
39:09it's those who lost their lives.
39:20I didn't feel anger, I just felt sorrow, I felt sorry for the whole situation.
39:26This guy I didn't feel sorry for, but all the people that he hurt
39:31and all the families that he destroyed, I just wish him dead.
39:39In court, Breivik would attempt to use his trial as a platform to promote his twisted ideology.
39:45It seemed like the court was kind of a theatre for him.
39:49What the whole trial was about for him was to get recognition as a political terrorist,
39:57as an extremist, as a militant, and not to be somehow written off as crazy.
40:04That picture of Breivik giving the fisted salute probably did as much for his PR
40:10as his 1500 page manifesto did.
40:12And again, that is one of the legacies of Breivik's murders,
40:16is that he's been allowed to live and allowed to publicise his deranged beliefs.
40:22Anders Behring Breivik would be found guilty of the murders of 77,
40:27eight losing their lives in Oslo, and 69 on the island of Etoja.
40:32He would receive a 21 year sentence, the maximum possible under Norwegian law.
40:37A question that's still puzzled, however,
40:40was what could have caused this man to commit such chilling crimes.
40:46To try to understand people like this, I don't think it's possible.
40:52It's like trying to understand Ted Bundy or Adolf Hitler. It's impossible.
41:01That's, I guess, the question I'd like to ask.
41:03How can one person do this? How can you be able to do it as a human being?
41:09The core, the essence of the hatred of Breivik stems from child abuse
41:15and was somehow refined over the years.
41:20Breivik wasn't mentally ill, but there is evidence to suggest
41:24he was either a paranoid personality type, or indeed,
41:28he was more likely to commit suicide.
41:31If you think about, you know, could he have been stopped earlier,
41:35it's that the one time he was really within the system,
41:39when somehow the Norwegian state authority recognised there was something wrong,
41:45was at the time when he was really young, when he was three or four years old,
41:49but the system let him go.
41:55For Adolf Hitler, this was a very difficult time.
41:59For Adrian Preikon, the court case had answered a disturbing question.
42:05It doesn't make any sense for me, and I don't know why I'm alive.
42:11How can I be this lucky?
42:13Many spree killings, we see some victims are shot, others are allowed to live.
42:19At Columbine, in Hungerford, and again in Utah with Breivik,
42:23we see some victims are toyed with,
42:24and they're allowed to survive on the whim of the offender.
42:28He explained in court, after a week, that he remembered why he spared me.
42:36And he said I looked like one of his right-wing extremists.
42:47I didn't look like a Marxist.
42:50And he thought that I should stay alive.
42:52Despite Breivik having taken aim at his own people,
42:56and striking at their very heart,
42:59their refusal to be cowed by their attacker stands strong.
43:04One minute we are falling because someone is shooting after us,
43:11and a couple of days later we are all standing in the streets
43:15with our roses and torches and rising again.
43:19And I believe that's the best experience a country can have with themselves,
43:25to fall and rise together.
43:29Although the innocence of Vitoia may have been lost on the 22nd of July,
43:34its beauty will remain.
43:39It affected Norway in a way that Norway is not so small and safe anymore.
43:46My daily life is like before, but of course it changed Norway,
43:53and it changed me as a person.
43:56It's hard to let go, but I still think about what happened to Vitoia,
44:03even two years later.
44:06For Adrian Preikån, the experience of that day may have been harrowing,
44:11but his bond with the people that travelled there,
44:13that fateful summer, has survived.
44:17I still say it, and the closest people around me also say it,
44:24that I never returned home from Vitoia.
44:28And that's because a part of me is still struggling out there.
44:43VITOIA