México ha elegido a su primera mujer presidenta: Claudia Sheinbaum. El presidente Biden la felicitó por su histórica victoria. Guad Venegas y Julia Ainsley de NBC News comparten más sobre el presidente electo, quien llega cuando la Casa Blanca está lista para anunciar una nueva acción ejecutiva en la frontera sur.
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00:00Presidente Biden está congratulando a la primera mujer a ser elegida como la futura presidenta de México.
00:06Claudia Sheinbaum, una científica climática, la antigua mayoría de la ciudad de México, también será la primera presidenta mexicana de la herencia judía.
00:14Los primeros resultados muestran a Sheinbaum ganando hasta el 60% del voto contra su oponente.
00:19Esta elección no solo tendrá consecuencias mayores en México, sino que también podría impactarnos aquí en los Estados Unidos.
00:26Presidente Biden dijo en una declaración, en parte,
00:39Vamos a ver a NBC's Guadvenegas en vivo en la ciudad de México.
00:42Y al lado, la correspondiente de seguridad nacional de NBC News, Julia Ainslie.
00:46Guad, cuéntanos más. ¿Quién es Claudia Sheinbaum y por qué los votantes elegieron a ella como su próxima presidenta?
00:54Ana, debería empezar diciendo que el presidente Biden podrá tener conversaciones con ella en inglés, algo que no podía hacer con el actual presidente Andrés Manuel López Obrador.
01:04Unlike the last two presidents, López Obrador and Enrique Peña Nieto is fluent in English.
01:10She lived in the U.S. for some time while taking classes at Berkeley and Stanford.
01:14As you mentioned, she's an academic.
01:17She has a Ph.D. in energy engineering, which gives a lot of hope to Mexicans that have placed a lot of focus on climate change here and on issues with energy, the cost of power, the cost of gasoline.
01:30So we expect her to focus more attention on how Mexico can move forward with the issues sometimes with gasoline prices going up and also the cost of energy.
01:39Let's hear from Sheinbaum last night when she spoke to her supporters.
01:47No llegó sola. Llegamos todas con nuestras heroínas que nos dieron patria, con nuestras ancestras, nuestras madres, nuestras hijas y nuestras nietas.
02:01Con los Estados Unidos habrá una relación de amistad, respeto mutuo e igualdad como hasta ahora ha sido.
02:10Y siempre defenderemos a las y a los mexicanos que se encuentran del otro lado de la frontera.
02:22Sheinbaum speaking to all Mexicans but also sending a message to all women in Mexico.
02:27We know that today the news of her being elected is going around the world.
02:31The first female president in Mexico in the country's 200-year history.
02:35And last night as you can hear her saying that all women arrived at office with her together.
02:41As she said, llegamos juntas, we came here together.
02:44And also sending a message to the United States saying that Mexico will work closely with the United States.
02:49There's a lot that they'll have to negotiate like immigration policy, also the economy.
02:54Remember that Mexico and the U.S. not only share a big border, but they're also each other's largest trading partner, Ana.
03:00That's right, and I think it is particularly moving to see a woman elected president in a country like Mexico.
03:05As somebody of Mexican heritage, we know machismo is a big part of the culture.
03:09And to see a woman, that's just one more note as to how historic this election is.
03:15And Julia, what does it mean now for America's relationship with Mexico?
03:21Well, it couldn't come at a more important time, Ana.
03:24As you know, we're expecting to hear as soon as this week something on executive action having to do with the southern border.
03:31And this policy, as we understand it, will rely heavily on Mexico to do even more than they've already done.
03:36We know over the last year, as we've reported here at NBC, the previous administration under López Obrador
03:42more than tripled the number of interdictions of migrants going north, most of those U.S.-bound.
03:48And now with this new executive action, they could be asking Mexico to do even more to take back migrants
03:54who won't be allowed to cross the U.S.-Mexico border.
03:57Now, we know that in Mexico, they have repeatedly said under the López Obrador administration,
04:02which backed Shane Baum, that they will work with whoever is president.
04:06They haven't wanted to come out strongly to criticize Trump or Biden.
04:10But we do understand from people within the Biden administration that there's really been a change
04:15in the way Mexico has been dealt with, really a 180 from Trump to Biden,
04:20because the Biden administration says they treat Mexico like a sovereign equal
04:25and that they go into these conversations about immigration, about fentanyl, about gun trafficking,
04:29something Mexico's really worried about, guns coming illegally from the United States.
04:33They're entering those conversations, treating them as equals, not putting pressure on them over trades and tariffs,
04:39just like the Trump administration did, and not using some of that really charged rhetoric
04:43that Trump did about Mexico when he was president and even currently.
04:48So this is a good, this is a welcome news for the Biden administration
04:53to be able to keep really a very similar administration in Mexico going from López Obrador
04:59to the Shane Baum administration because they are so closely connected.
05:03And the Biden administration would like to continue to do that work.
05:06The criminal gangs, the drug cartels, Guad, obviously top of mind for a lot of Mexicans
05:12as they went to the polls. This election cycle has been riddled with violence.
05:17From September to May, 34 political candidates or aspiring candidates were killed,
05:22including three mayoral candidates just last month.
05:25What's going on there? Why are these political candidates being targeted?
05:33Ana, when you look at that report with the 34, that will update because there were more killings this week
05:39than there were killings leading up to the election.
05:42So this is a case, according to experts, of organized crime gaining more power in local municipalities.
05:48So what you have to look at Mexico is two different parts of the country.
05:52The large cities like here in Mexico City, Guadalajara, the city of Monterrey, have good protection
05:57and we didn't see a lot of violence there.
06:00The violence took place in the rural parts of the country like Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas,
06:05where organized crime has slowly worked to get control of local governments.
06:10So a lot of the people involved in local elections are the ones that were the victims of this violence.
06:16So the new president of Mexico, Shane Baum, who's now president-elect,
06:20will have to work on figuring out ways to fight the criminals, to fight these organizations
06:25that we used to call cartels, but experts are no longer calling them cartels
06:29because now they not only work with drugs, they also get money or make money from smuggling migrants
06:34and also from businesses that they have at the local level.
06:37So it'll be a big challenge moving forward for the next president
06:40as they deal with an increase in violence that we've seen in Mexico over the last few years, Ana.
06:45Yes, so Julia, in terms of the human trafficking and the migrant smuggling that Guad just referenced,
06:52you mentioned the potential executive action to come as soon as tomorrow at the border
06:57and President Biden's plans.
06:59What do we know about the potential plans he may be trying to institute here?
07:04Was the White House also waiting on this election to take further action?
07:08Yeah, that's right. We do understand, based on some of our reporting,
07:12is that the timing of this announcement from the Biden administration was in part
07:17because they wanted to wait until Mexico got through this election
07:21so that there was no immigration news from the U.S.
07:24that could somehow change the fate of Shane Baum being elected.
07:28Now, I will say that we are expecting this executive action to come tomorrow.
07:33It could probably come with a lot of fanfare.
07:35We expect to see a lot of people coming out to talk about this.
07:39Also, a lot of advocates criticizing it because it should raise the bar
07:43on who is allowed to cross into the United States and use a presidential authority
07:48or use an authority that they will claim as presidential to shut down the border at certain points.
07:53But the top line is we can expect it to be quickly enjoined in court
08:00so that it might not ever actually go into effect, Donna.
08:02Julia Ainslie and Guadalupe Venegas, thank you both for your reporting.
08:23Thank you.