Everything you need to know about the wars that gave us Khaaaan!
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00:00The often mentioned but never depicted eugenics wars became an important part of Star Trek canon
00:05in the original series episode Space Seed. According to this episode, in the 1990s the
00:10notorious Khan Noonien Singh and several other genetically engineered humans known as Augments
00:15rose to power as dictators over large portions of Earth. These tyrants were eventually overthrown
00:20after four years of bloody struggle. As important as they are, Star Trek writers have been vague
00:24about the exact nature of the conflict such as when and where the wars took place and who was
00:29involved. However, the pilot episode of Strange New Worlds did provide a tantalizing historical
00:34summary putting eugenic wars into their proper context. Just as World War I set the stage for
00:39the even more devastating World War II, the eugenics wars served as a prelude to a series
00:44of ever-escalating conflicts culminating in World War III. They also shaped society for
00:48many centuries afterward. With all that in mind, I'm Tom Roberts-Finn for Trek Culture
00:53and here are eight things you didn't know about the eugenics wars.
00:57Number 8. The Augments were created in the 1950s.
01:01Just as the first atomic bombs were created to bring a swift end to World War II,
01:05the Augments were created with the best of intentions. Geneticists created them during
01:10the Cold War era in the hope that the so-called supermen would lead humanity into an era of peace
01:15after centuries of war. But they were wrong. Along with their superior physical and mental
01:20capabilities, the Augments were arrogant and aggressive. Their creators were unable to correct
01:24these character flaws due to the limited capabilities of genetic science at the time.
01:29As one of their creators succinctly put it, superior ability breeds superior ambition.
01:33That scientist would pay for his own arrogance and ambition when he was killed by his own
01:37creations. By the time the Augments were fully grown, they were ready to put their superior
01:41abilities to use. However, they were more interested in conquering humanity than leading
01:46them into an era of peace. Khan came to power in 1992 and eventually conquered one quarter of the
01:52world's population. The next year, his fellow supermen took control of over 40 nations.
01:577. The Augments ruled as despots
02:01In Space Seed, Khan described the era of the eugenic wars in romantic terms,
02:05calling them a period of great dreams and aspirations. He countered Spock's argument
02:10that they were fought to end tyranny by saying that they were an effort to unite humanity
02:14under a single ruler much like Rome under the Caesars. He claimed that while there were many
02:18petty dictatorships in that era, eventually one Augment would prevail over the others,
02:23bringing peace and order to the world. Contrary to Khan's high-minded rhetoric,
02:27the Augments ruled their territory as authoritarian dictators who treated
02:31ordinary humans as little more than slaves. Khan, however, considered himself a prince
02:36who ruled as a benign dictator. Unlike his fellow despots, Khan didn't slaughter his own citizens
02:41and his regime was peaceful. He didn't engage in warfare until his territory was attacked.
02:46Because of this, he was still admired in the 23rd century as the best of the tyrants.
02:516. They may have been largely fought covertly rather than through open war
02:56In the Voyager episode, Future's End, the USS Voyager travelled back in time to 1996. Although
03:01this was the year the eugenics wars ended, Voyager's crew didn't see any signs of warfare.
03:06In Venice Beach, people pursued leisure activities such as roller skating, bicycling and sunbathing.
03:12In the Hollywood Hills, Tuvok in Paris observed people enjoying the Griffith Observatory's
03:16exhibits and planetarium. In downtown, the crew witnessed well-dressed business people and
03:21shoppers. The only signs of social strife the crew witnessed included homelessness and an
03:25encounter with members of a right-wing militia. So, like now. A possible reason for this was
03:31explored in the novel series Star Trek The Eugenics Wars. These novels depicted the eugenics
03:35wars as a covert conflict similar to the earlier Cold War rather than open warfare. However,
03:41Star Trek Picard showrunner Terry Metallus has suggested that Spock might have been wrong about
03:45the date. Metallus and the showrunner's writers concluded that World War III's nuclear exchanges
03:50generated electromagnetic pulses that erased many electronic records, a reason that the eugenics
03:55wars were later in the 21st century. Star Trek prodigy writer and story editor Aaron Waltke
04:00has also suggested that the temporal Cold War may have shifted the timeline.
04:055. Captain Jonathan Archer
04:08Other regions of the world were not so lucky as the United States. One area devastated by
04:12open war was North Africa. One of the soldiers involved in the North African campaign was
04:16Captain Jonathan Archer's great-grandfather. As depicted in the Enterprise episode Hatchery,
04:21during the Enterprise's conflict with the Zindi, Enterprise encountered a disabled Zindi ship
04:25containing an insectoid hatchery. Marched to the crew's confusion, Captain Archer became
04:30obsessed with protecting this hatchery from harm. To illustrate his point that even war has moral
04:35rules, he related a war story about his great-grandfather to Trip Tucker. During the eugenics
04:39wars, his great-grandfather was in command of a battalion. The battalion was evacuating civilians
04:44from a school in the middle of a combat zone when they came under attack from Augments.
04:48Wanting to limit collateral damage, Archer's great-grandfather contacted his Augment counterpart
04:53and successfully convinced the Augment commander to hold fire long enough to finish evacuating
04:58the school. 4. Casualties were in the millions
05:02How the eugenics wars began is unknown. As Spock pointed out in Space Seed, by the 23rd century,
05:07records from the 20th century had been sketchy. The aggressive and ambitious Augments may have
05:12begun fighting among themselves while ordinary humans may have risen up against them.
05:16However the wars started, governments around the world were soon drawn into the conflict. By the
05:21time the tyrants were defeated, entire populations had been erased from existence through genocidal
05:25massacres and mass bombardments. The official death toll was 30 million. However, other estimates
05:31ranged between 35 and 37 million. Whatever the true total number of deaths was, another major
05:36but less obvious casualty was the human psyche. The human fear of genetically engineered beings
05:42lasted well into the 24th century. Bans on genetic engineering shaped everything from
05:46medical research to human interactions with other societies. They even jeopardised the
05:50careers of people associated with benign forms of genetic medicine.
05:543. Earth's governments hid Khan's escape from the public
05:58When the eugenics wars ended in 1996, the governments of the world sentenced Khan and
06:02more than 80 of his fellow supermen to death as war criminals. However, the Augments had
06:07disappeared before they could have been arrested. In order to prevent a panic, the governments hid
06:11the fact from the general public. As it turned out, Khan and his followers had acquired a sleeper
06:15ship used for deep space missions in the days before warp drive. Khan christened the ship SS
06:20Botany Bay after the Australian penal colony. He and his followers fled into space with no
06:25destination in mind. Two centuries later, the Botany Bay was encountered by the USS Enterprise.
06:29Kirk and his crew revived the hibernating supermen without fully realising the threat they posed.
06:34It wasn't long before the revived Khan led his supporters in an attempt to take control of the
06:38Enterprise. Kirk eventually thwarted Khan's efforts and exiled him and his supporters
06:43to the uninhabited planet Seti Alpha 5. 2. They had far-reaching effects
06:49Following the eugenics wars, thousands of augmented embryos were secretly put into
06:53cold storage and the genetic engineering of humans was banned. This ban on genetic
06:57engineering made pariahs of those who had been treated with genetic therapy and led to conflicts
07:02with the Illyrians, a race known for genetic modifications. Illyrians were banned from
07:06Starfleet, the medical technology was banned in the Federation as was mixing of human and Illyrian
07:11blood. As depicted in the Strange New Worlds episode, this bias against Illyrians ultimately
07:16endangered the career of Enterprise First Officer Una Chin Riley. In the 22nd century,
07:22Arik Soong stole several augment embryos from Cold Station 12 and attempted to raise them
07:27himself. Their aggressive tendencies overcame Soong's attempts to temper their behaviour.
07:31These augments threatened to incite war and mass murder just as their brethren from the eugenics
07:36wars had. Klingon experiments with stolen augment DNA led to the release of a highly contagious
07:41virus that affected the appearance, biology and personality of a large number of Klingons.
07:461. The eugenics wars were the first in an escalating series of wars
07:51As shown in Strange New Worlds, the eugenics wars turned out to be part of an era of ever-increasing
07:56violence and civil unrest. It was followed by the Second Civil War which grew out of a series of
08:01protests against the US government. Another factor depicted in the Deep Space Nine episode
08:05Past Tense included the civil unrest that followed the development of sanctuary districts as a
08:10response to homelessness. A second eugenics war followed the Second Civil War which ultimately
08:15escalated into World War 3. The cataclysmic nuclear exchanges during the war led to the
08:20death of 30% of the population and the extinction of 600,000 species of plants and animals.
08:26As depicted in the Next Generation Pilot episode Encounter at Farpoint,
08:29the post-atomic horror that followed persisted into 2079.
08:33And that was 8 things you didn't know about the eugenics wars. Make sure to like and share the
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08:54myself on Twitter at TomCFinn and on various other socials as well. Thanks for watching
08:59and until next time, buh-bye.