Le prochain grand tremblement de terre en Californie pourrait être un véritable bouleversement, surtout pour la partie occidentale de l'État. Les scientifiques gardent un œil attentif sur la faille de San Andreas, qui a le potentiel de déclencher un séisme majeur. Si cela se produit, les secousses pourraient être suffisamment fortes pour provoquer un enfoncement des terres le long de la côte, entraînant des inondations et des dégâts importants. Ce serait un problème majeur pour des villes comme San Francisco et Los Angeles, qui font déjà face à la montée du niveau de la mer. Les experts incitent les gens à se préparer en ayant des kits et des plans d'urgence en place. C'est un rappel que vivre dans une région sismique signifie être prêt à l'imprévu ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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FunTranscript
00:00Since the year 2000, the world has been hit by more than 1,700 earthquakes of a magnitude greater than 5.
00:08Many of them occurred around the Belt of Fire, located on the outskirts of the Pacific Ocean.
00:13In North America, the biggest threat is the St. Andreas fault,
00:17likely to cause an earthquake of an unequal magnitude, which earned it the nickname of Big One.
00:24The potential destruction of California is a terrifying prospect that could have unimaginable consequences.
00:31But the Big One is just the beginning of what awaits us.
00:36Bad news. Scientists have predicted a shocking event for the planet in 2030.
00:42The probability that we will witness this huge earthquake, the Big One, is 70%,
00:48and its magnitude should reach 6.7 on the Richter scale.
00:52The St. Andreas fault will have its origins, but our forecasts are unfortunately insufficient for the moment.
00:58However, a large-scale earthquake occurs once every 100 years.
01:03This gives us time to prepare for the disaster.
01:06If we were able to travel through time, we would be able to see with our own eyes
01:10the earthquakes that ravaged San Francisco and Fort Tejong.
01:14The buildings built a long time ago are not at the brink of this kind of earthquake.
01:18They collapse inevitably.
01:20Even if they hold the blow, you must not penetrate them.
01:23But buildings are not the most dangerous thing there is.
01:26You must pay attention to electrical installations and gas conduits.
01:30Your house on the hill may be charming, but it is dangerously exposed.
01:35During an earthquake, a hill can suffer a huge landslide, which will destroy everything in its path.
01:42Say goodbye to car trips, because all roads will be destroyed.
01:46Prepare water and food reserves, because you will no longer be able to shop.
01:50This disaster will not be cheap.
01:53The United States will have to pay about $200 billion to recover from the disaster.
01:58Know that at least, the earthquake will not cause a tsunami.
02:02But there is something that can cause even more damage than this Big One.
02:06The famous Cascadia subduction zone begins in California and ends in Vancouver, Canada.
02:12The fault of San Andreas is nothing compared to this zone.
02:16It could destroy the entire coastline.
02:19A terrifying vision.
02:21Subduction is a phenomenon of sinking of a tectonic plate under another plate of a lower density.
02:27So here we have the North American plate and the Juan de Fuca plate.
02:31Zones of this type are generally to be avoided, because the risks of earthquakes are very high there.
02:36And they are therefore extremely dangerous.
02:38Especially due to underwater disasters.
02:41But let's take a risk, we who are on Earth.
02:44Yes, because giant tsunamis can occur, flooding cities and destroying coasts.
02:50At the moment, the most active zone is the fire belt.
02:54The Cascadia zone may be less active, but it is like a sleeping beast.
02:59It could wake up and destroy everything in its path, causing unprecedented damage.
03:05The last time such a tension was released was in the year 1700.
03:09Unlike the earthquake of San Andreas, this one will cause massive tsunamis.
03:14And its shocks will be much more violent.
03:16Let's hope you are camping in a field at this time.
03:19Because most buildings and bridges will probably be destroyed.
03:22Also prepare for the replicas, which will be devastating.
03:26Nature will not be spared either.
03:28The landslides will change the entire habitat of animals.
03:31And our houses will be unrecognizable.
03:33Fortunately, there is a light at the end of the tunnel.
03:36And scientists are doing everything they can to ensure our safety.
03:40New rules are being implemented.
03:42Each new building must be able to resist massive shocks.
03:46They are developing modern warning systems.
03:48And every new infrastructure must follow strict guidelines in terms of resistance to earthquakes.
03:55The plates Juan de Fuca and North American are currently blocked against each other.
03:59But they will not stay that way forever.
04:02When they are unlocked, prepare for a strong shock.
04:06The closer you are to the epicenter, the greater the damage.
04:09But even if you are lucky enough to be far from the epicenter,
04:12you may feel the ground shaking for a while.
04:16If we compare the subduction zone of Cascadia and the San Andreas fault,
04:21we see that the Cascadia zone is much more dangerous.
04:25In 1994, a huge earthquake of magnitude 6.7 occurred in the Northridge region,
04:33near the San Andreas fault.
04:35Unfortunately, many people did not survive.
04:38And there were many injured.
04:40At the time, the buildings were not strong enough to resist earthquakes.
04:45And many of them were damaged.
04:48The Cascadia subduction zone can potentially cause an earthquake of magnitude 9.
04:53An earthquake of magnitude 6 has a power equivalent to about 20 million kilograms of dynamite.
04:59But the power of an earthquake of magnitude 9 is equivalent to 20 billion kilograms of this same dynamite.
05:06The most powerful earthquake ever recorded occurred in Chile.
05:10Its magnitude was 9.5 and it almost destroyed everything.
05:14Suppose you survived the earthquake.
05:17Your troubles are far from over.
05:20Shortly after, a massive tsunami will hit the coast,
05:23with waves that can reach up to 30 meters in some areas.
05:27This is not the case with the earthquake in San Andreas,
05:30which cannot cause major waves.
05:32You can say goodbye to your beautiful garden,
05:35because the salty water will destroy the trees and plants,
05:38and will change the environment for a long time.
05:40The only positive point,
05:42you will no longer need decorations for Halloween,
05:45because all these dried-up trees will look like a ghost forest.
05:48The waves, the tremors, and the extension of the zone itself
05:51will make this natural disaster much more formidable
05:54than the one caused by the failure of San Andreas and the Big One.
05:58An earthquake similar to this occurred about 300 years ago.
06:02Many others have been recorded over the last 3,500 years,
06:07which proves that they occur continuously every 400 to 600 years.
06:11Technically, we have between 100 and 300 years left before the next event.
06:15We still do not know how exactly the Cascadia subduction zone works,
06:20because we only discovered it in 1970.
06:23This area is very frightening.
06:25It is one of the most dangerous on the planet.
06:28It was discovered by chance by researchers studying the belt of fire.
06:32They wanted to know if there had been problems in this area in recent years,
06:36and the proof was under their feet.
06:38In the state of Washington,
06:40there is a sinister forest where nothing has grown for years.
06:43When the researchers analyzed the soil,
06:46they found a huge amount of salt.
06:48They made the approach,
06:50and concluded that a massive tsunami was at the origin of this situation.
06:54Experts still do not know exactly when the forest was destroyed.
06:58Fortunately, Japan has left traces of a gigantic earthquake
07:02that had a similar effect.
07:04This is the one that occurred in the year 1700.
07:07There is a 3% chance that the next one will occur in 2050.
07:11You must know how to act in the event of an earthquake
07:15to get out of it unscathed, so listen carefully.
07:18The inhabitants of the region we are talking about
07:20have practically no experience of earthquakes of this type.
07:23It is relatively easy to survive this kind of disaster.
07:27It is the tsunami that will follow that constitutes the real danger.
07:31After the initial shake,
07:33find the highest ground in your region and go there.
07:36Take only the essentials, such as food and water.
07:39Leave your baseball card collection at home.
07:42After the first wave, do not go back down right away.
07:45Seismologists claim that, most likely, there will be more.
07:49And they have proven it.
07:51On May 22, 1960,
07:53seismologist Jerry Estone and his four friends
07:56went to Hawaii to observe a tsunami that was to occur around midnight.
08:01They installed their equipment on the Wailuku Bridge
08:04and planned an emergency route.
08:06This bridge had been destroyed during the previous tsunami,
08:09but the new bridge was much higher and better adapted.
08:12After midnight, the water was 1.2 meters above its average level.
08:17The second wave struck half an hour after midnight
08:20and the water rose again from 2.75 meters at one o'clock in the morning.
08:24The water then went down about 2 meters.
08:27But the horror was far from over.
08:29They then saw a wave just over 6 meters high.
08:32This proves to us that tsunamis are unpredictable
08:35and that we must absolutely listen to experts to stay safe.