Uncover the shocking truth behind real-life conspiracies that were once dismissed as mere theories. From government cover-ups to corporate misconduct, these revelations will make you question everything you thought you knew about history.
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00:00The burglars is unusual. You know the name of the council? I don't know some country club type
00:06Welcome to watch mojo and today
00:08We're breaking down conspiracy theories that later turned out to be much more than just theories the Public Health Service had
00:15Started a massive screening to find people who had syphilis and an even more massive roundup to try to get them in
00:23The Iran-contra affair for the past three months. I've been silent on the revelations about Iran
00:30And you must have been thinking well, why doesn't he tell us what's happening?
00:33Why doesn't he just speak to us as he has in the past when we've faced troubles or tragedies?
00:39Others of you I guess we're thinking
00:41What's he doing hiding out in the White House who knew that quietly selling arms to then?
00:46Embargoed Iran would come back to bite the administration of President Ronald Reagan
00:52Arguably the messiest most explosive political scandal of the 1980s the Iran-contra
00:58Affair was such a PR blunder for the US government that Reagan was forced to take full responsibility
01:04For it on live television in 1987 and that's not once but twice
01:09I paid a price for my silence in terms of your trust and confidence
01:13But I've had to wait as you have for the complete story
01:17That's why I appointed Ambassador David Abshire as my special counselor to help get out the thousands of documents to the various
01:25investigations and
01:26I appointed a special review board
01:29Although two separate investigations cleared Reagan of wrongdoing the whistle was blown on multiple other participants in the scandal such as lieutenant-colonel
01:37Oliver North North's involvement was partially exposed by journalist John Matties
01:43Who reported it to Massachusetts senator and future Democratic presidential nominee John Kerry?
01:49What began as a strategic opening to Iran?
01:52Deteriorated in its implementation into trading arms for hostages
01:57This runs counter to my own beliefs to administration policy and to the original strategy we had in mind
02:05There are reasons why it happened, but no excuses PG&E chromium-6 and Erin Brockovich
02:11Hi, hi, Donna Jensen. Yes
02:15Erin Brockovich with Masri and Vitito. Oh
02:18Oh
02:19You're a lawyer. Hell no. I hate lawyers
02:22I just work for him a number of entries on our list today were adapted for the screen after coming to nationwide prominence
02:29But the unbelievable true story of plucky paralegal Erin Brockovich
02:33That blew up after it had been made the subject of director Steven Soderbergh's Oscar-winning biopic
02:40Starring Julia Roberts. I don't mean to be a pain in PG&E's backside, especially after all they've done for Hinkley
02:46But I look around here and I think if they want this place, they're gonna have to pay for it
02:52So you didn't put the house up for sale. They just came to you and wanted to buy it. Oh, yeah
02:57Yeah. Oh, I don't want to move
03:01Uproot the kids for the uninitiated
03:03Brockovich was an unemployed a single mother who after finding work at a law firm
03:08Uncovered a sinister conspiracy involving widespread mysterious illness in Hinkley, California
03:14After some digging it became clear that the Pacific Gas and Electric Company was responsible for the health issues
03:21the result of drinking water
03:24Contaminated with hexavalent chromium not only that but PG&E had successfully covered the conspiracy up for years
03:31You go Aaron would it be important to you if I told you that when I worked at the Hinkley plant? I destroyed documents
03:43Maybe
03:46What did you say your name was Charles Embry
03:50Charles Aaron
03:52Nice to meet you the truth about tobacco
03:56What are those boxes?
03:59I'm going to the store. You need anything? What do you need the store soy sauce right now?
04:05That's my stuff from the office. Why did you take your stuff from the office? I
04:09Didn't want to leave it there. I don't understand
04:13I
04:15Got fired this morning
04:16We hope this goes without saying but smoking poses a significant risk to your health and it's probably best to avoid
04:24Picking it up altogether
04:26However, if it were up to tobacco industry insiders lobbyists and more you wouldn't know that at all in the first place
04:32I'm a producer with 60 minutes
04:35Yeah
04:3660 minutes the television show. Yes
04:40He doesn't want to talk to you
04:44How does he know he doesn't want to talk to me don't know what I'm calling him about
04:47It doesn't care to know director Michael Mann's
04:511999 biopic The Insider
04:53depicts the trials of whistleblower Jeffrey Wigand who according to the National Library of Medicine
04:58Quote could recite the damnable facts as a former high school level executive and quote Wigand wasn't the first whistleblower to go public
05:06That would be deep cough a codename for a former RJ Reynolds employee who accused the tobacco industry
05:13Denying nicotine's addictiveness. We worked together for what was it three years?
05:19Now the work we did here is confidential not for public scrutiny
05:22Anymore than our ones family matters threatening my family now, too
05:27Now don't be paranoid Jeff
05:30About the direction of research here. We may have had our differences of research
05:35You declare as a badge of honor. You don't even know what makes water boil Dreyfus affair. He was utterly patriotic
05:42He was absorbed with the idea of being an officer and an officer as a man of honor
05:49He was a dedicated military man
05:52He saw himself first as a Frenchman and only secondarily as a Jew
05:57Sometimes pulling on a tiny loose thread can lead to an earth-shattering
06:01unraveling case in point the legendary Dreyfus affair in which
06:0635 year old French artillery officer captain Alfred Dreyfus was baselessly convicted of treason in this case
06:13Selling out the French military to Germany that a spy should be found that a spy should be arrested is
06:20already a
06:22Sensational piece of news that this pie should be Jewish a Jewish captain in the Holy of Holies
06:29the general staff is
06:32Even hotter new the scandal unfolded over the course of a decade from 1894 to 1906
06:39Evidence that would have exonerated Dreyfus was uncovered in 1896
06:43But was suppressed by the military French writer Emile Zola's article J'accuse an open letter to French president Félix Fauré
06:52Yielded a groundswell of public support for Dreyfus
06:55Dreyfus whose politicized railroading was attributed to
06:59Antisemitism was eventually reinstated to the military and made lieutenant-colonel the Dreyfus affair
07:06At its best means standing up against oppression
07:10Standing up against the wrong being willing to risk for what is right and for those people who did it
07:18And wound up freeing Dreyfus
07:21It was a great thing and for most people it was the greatest thing they ever did in their lives
07:26Gulf of Tonkin incident and we took the view when that occurred that
07:31That might have been the action of trigger-happy local commanders and did not represent a governmental policy on the part of North Vietnam
07:40And so we tended to
07:42disregard
07:43That attack. This is one incident that the United States government would probably like you to forget about
07:50its authenticity and
07:52Subsequent conspiratorial cover-up were brought into question even at the time in
07:571964
07:58Essentially two marine skirmishes between US and North Vietnamese forces in August of that year led to a significant
08:05Escalation in the Vietnam War. Well, I recall it
08:08He had me and a number of the committee down to White House and told about this
08:13Terribly unprovoked attack. We were very peaceably going about our business and all without provocation
08:19They attacked us sent out these
08:22Gunboats, you know and surrounded us and shelling they even had a little shell the problem
08:28The second of these face-offs never happened and due to faulty intel led the US to become increasingly involved in the conflict
08:36in
08:372005 NSA historian Robert J
08:39Hanlick revealed the damning conclusion that the NSA had intentionally tampered with evidence to justify
08:46Putting American boots on the ground in North Vietnam
08:49It was about as close to a declaration of war as one could get that started us down the long road of Vietnam
08:57Pentagon papers
09:09No, he wouldn't give me any details, but Bob said it was quite
09:14Detrimental to him in case you hadn't already guessed it
09:18The Vietnam War was a messy deeply embarrassing period in American history
09:23but the fact of the matter is that the public and even members of Congress were largely
09:28Unaware of the extent of the US government's lies and deceit nothing else of interest in the world. They are very significant this
09:36goddamn, New York Times
09:38expose
09:39most highly classified documents of the war
09:42You mean that that was leaked out of the Pentagon the whole study that was done for
09:48McNamara
09:49This is a devastating
09:52Security breach this prequel to the infamous Watergate scandal
09:55Don't worry more on that later found military analyst Daniel Ellsberg blowing the whistle on the government
10:02That is to say Ellsberg leaked the Pentagon papers which broke down the United States's involvement in Vietnam and painstaking
10:09Detail to the New York Times
10:11The resulting fallout saw Ellsberg charged with and later acquitted of theft and conspiracy
10:16Are these part of the pages of the McNamara's? Where did you get these? Somebody left them on my desk on your desk?
10:22I didn't it was a woman. What a woman we got over
10:26100 pages of the McNamara study
10:28Hippy woman she had one of those. Hey Debbie, give me a big dickhead, but it's one of those skirts
10:32He's uh, he's out. He's went swirling in color somewhere. I don't know between five four and six. These are the real thing
10:38Oh, she's uh, we are back in the ballgame
10:41COINTELPRO any black leader with charisma was a target of the government's COINTELPRO program
10:48And that's stated in their own objectives of the program
10:51Who are you? You don't know?
10:54Don't tell me
10:57What were you before the white man named you a negro and where were you this series of illegal operations
11:04Executed by the FBI was intended to subvert organizations and individuals that were deemed potential threats to American security
11:12the targets of COINTELPRO included but were not limited to
11:16Anti-vietnam war protesters the American Communist Party and Martin Luther King jr
11:21We can step back from it and say regardless of their success whether they were the ones who pulled the trigger
11:27This gives us an idea of what they what their intent was what they were willing to do
11:33What their political viewpoint was and what ends and what?
11:38Unconstitutional and violent ends they were willing to adopt and use officially occurring from 1956 to 1971
11:46COINTELPRO used down and dirty and strictly off-the-books tactics against its victims such as falsified
11:53documents and unlawful surveillance
11:56The top-secret program was unearthed in 1971 by the Citizens Commission to investigate the FBI
12:02Leading to its almost immediate disbandment
12:06However, evidence suggests that the bureau has continued to employ many of the illicit methods from the COINTELPRO era
12:13To kill the brother
12:15Because he had began to take meaningful steps towards gaining the freedom for his people
12:22He was taking steps to internationalize
12:25The black man's struggle to take it to the united nations
12:29To take it diplomatically to the other countries around the world. Tuskegee study. Did they tell you you had syphilis?
12:38Nothing like that
12:43Do that draw my blood
12:47We'll see you next time
12:52Brace yourself
12:53The Tuskegee syphilis study is one of the most heinous chapters in not only american history, but human history as a whole
13:01The experiment began in 1932 and was administered by the public health service and centers for disease control and prevention
13:09Carried out in collaboration with the historically black Tuskegee university
13:13The study aims to observe the effects of untreated syphilis
13:17We have no compunction about sending our youth away to war when it's in the national interest
13:22and
13:23In terms of syphilis was the leading cause of infant mortality maternal mortality
13:28Leading single cause of admission to mental hospitals and many other things
13:31So it was in the national interest to get the information so that you could provide the greatest protection
13:37For the entire community black and white the phs did not disclose the diagnosis of its 600 participants to them and prescribed risky
13:46experimental and often harmful treatments
13:48Initially set to last just six months. The experiment was only shut down four decades later
13:55When journalistic leaks resulted in its abrupt cancellation. I have now strong feelings
14:01That more should have been done
14:03And that perhaps we should have had
14:08an
14:10American
14:11Nuremberg tile
14:14Of
14:16The conduct of the Tuskegee experiment mk ultra I was given
14:22a glass of kool-aid
14:25And so were the other children this
14:29Kool-aid was spiked with lsd
14:33It was horrible. Oh, you thought the fbi had gotten up to some shady stuff in the 20th century
14:39Allow us to introduce you to the central intelligence agency
14:44The goal of mk ultra which was named arbitrarily so as to maintain the program's secrecy
14:50Was to engineer new methods of torture via the use of powerful psychoactive drugs that would weaken a detainee's resolve
14:57It was the most secret program ever conducted by the cia in the united states
15:04patients at psychiatric hospitals
15:07Prisoners and federal institutions and even people in the public were given drugs
15:13without their awareness or consent and
15:16Experimented upon broadly condemned in the years since as a blatant violation of human rights
15:22Mk. Ultra records were ordered destroyed in the wake of watergate. It's coming. We swear
15:28however, some were later recovered and the church committee revealed the program's existence in
15:331975 following a 1974 new york times report, you know, the cia knew that it was breaking, you know, every moral ethical and
15:42legal law
15:44In the books to do these experiments. They all were behind it
15:48They all knew what they were doing, but they weren't doing it out of care or love
15:54They were doing it out of military and political reasons before we continue
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16:13Watergate scandal white house howard hunt, please
16:17Mr. Hunt isn't here just now
16:20He might be in mr. Colson's office
16:22I'll connect you
16:24Thank you
16:25See we told you it was coming
16:27After all, how could we not include perhaps the most damning american political transgression of all time?
16:34One that yielded the most recent resignation of a u.s. President to date. Did you know?
16:40Howard didn't he work in the office? Yeah, I knew howard
16:43Right
16:45He's a nice person. He's secretive. He's secretive but a decent man. Do you have any idea?
16:52What he did
16:54Well, the white house said he was doing some investigative work
16:57What do you say while you likely already know the broad strokes of this baffling saga?
17:02We'll quickly run through it again a botched break-in to the democratic national committee headquarters in june
17:081972 revealed a deep-running surveillance operation
17:11Tied directly to president richard nixon's re-election campaign
17:15The scandal may very well have gone unnoticed if not for the vital work of journalists carl bernstein and bob woodward
17:22Whose writing for the washington post led to the president's resignation the indictments that came down from the grand jury today
17:29stop
17:30with the five burglars hunt and liddy
17:33Carl we have got to go back there and get that bookkeeper to say who the names are and not initials
17:38Well, she ain't gonna give it to you because I was with the woman for six hours and gonna try
17:41Well, then you're gonna have to trick her threaten her. She's not gonna do it
17:44Which conspiracy on our list shocked you the most are there any we missed?
17:48Be sure to let us know in the comments below if we may sound a little grim
17:53We might say that we are looking forward to a rich harvest of some 200 autopsies in the next five to ten years
18:03Do
18:20You