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00:00There are three types of usage for this.
00:03First, the data is provided in foreign countries.
00:06It is in the foreign NIH.
00:09The foreign DNA and our DNA are different.
00:12This is a general opinion.
00:15In biotech, we have done a lot of research,
00:17together with all the biologists and doctors.
00:22What we have discovered now is that
00:25the mutation of cancer in different regions may be different.
00:37That is why we have collected more than 900 samples.
00:41For 1.4 billion, we need to collect more than 1000 samples.
00:48These are very important studies.
00:51First, we can do an early detection.
00:54When a cancer is screened,
00:57the cancer is detected only after the mutation starts.
01:01When the mutation starts,
01:04we can see the data and prevent it.
01:10Second, we can give this medicine for this mutation.
01:15In the case of breast cancer,
01:18we can give personalized medicine.
01:21There is a suspicion that the medicine is not provided correctly.
01:25There are many opinions that the vaccine is not working for a particular mutation.
01:37So, we can give a different type of medicine for each mutation.
01:43This is why personalized medicine is possible.
01:48When there is no medicine for a particular mutation,
01:52we can use the drug pharma industry.
01:55We have released breast cancer for many reasons.
01:59Dr. Shah has said that we can release it for pancreatic cancer.
02:03If we have a common database in India,
02:08we can reduce breast cancer in three ways.
02:14For example, we can make it a breast cancer free India.
02:19They have collected this data after many years of hard work,
02:24through ethical clearance and many other processes.
02:28They have said that they would release it in abundance.
02:35I am very proud of the ATM in Madras.
02:39Sir, how are we going to use this test and how are we going to use it for the public?
02:44For the public, it is science first and then the product.
02:49In the corona case, we brought the PCR test for Rs. 100.
02:56First, we have to do research on how to use the data,
03:04how to use AI, how to use data analytics,
03:08and how this treatment should go.
03:12We have to set a process.
03:14Once the process is set, we can do a cost-effective diagnosis.
03:18If we start doing it on a large scale, the cost will definitely reduce.
03:22In your budget, you have given a lot of attention to cancer.
03:25How do you see this now?
03:27Yes, it is a good thing.
03:29Cancer is a disease that should not come.
03:31We are at the doorstep of the Cancer Institute.
03:33We see so many patients coming daily.
03:35They are suffering from chemo and are suffering from trauma.
03:38Cancer is a disease that should not come.
03:40We have to do everything to prevent it from coming.
03:43In the budget, they have announced cancer care.
03:49We can take the genome data from that.
03:52It will be useful for our database.
03:54If we publish it publicly, it will be very useful.
03:56Many people can do it.
03:58Similarly, we can give the data to the daycare.
04:01We can give the data to the daycare to screen the cancer cost-effectively.
04:06Is there a kit to make it easier?
04:09Yes, the kit.
04:11First, we have to find out what the process is to make the kit.
04:14If there is a process, the kit will definitely come.
04:16In the case of corona, there was an RTPCR test for Rs.5000.
04:20From that, a kit for Rs.100 or Rs.150 came.
04:22The kit was good.
04:24Similarly, this will definitely happen.
04:27Will there be any changes in India?
04:31We are sure that there will be changes abroad.
04:35Our guess is that there may be some changes in India.
04:39We believe that there will be changes.
04:41If you compare the cancer incidence and mortality rate of different cancers globally and in India,
04:56some cancers have a high incidence rate and mortality rate.
05:02If you look at the current treatment,
05:08the drug is developed based on the genomic changes available in the Western population.
05:17We are giving the same drug here.
05:20You may have a side effect or a half target.
05:23Plus, the survival rate may not be equivalent to what you see in foreign countries.
05:30Why is that?
05:32There are different population levels here.
05:35The genetic makeup of our population will be different compared to the Western population.
05:44If the survival rate in our population should be high,
05:50we should look at the genetic modifications in our population.
05:58For that, we need to collect tissues and sequence them.
06:02Only if we sequence at the whole genome level,
06:05we will be able to identify the changes in our Indian population.
06:09When we do that, we can identify a specific gene with specific changes.
06:16We can use that gene as a marker for early diagnostics.
06:22We can also use the same marker for monitoring the disease progression.
06:28We can monitor how the patient is responding to the available treatment.
06:35When we look at the unique changes in our population,
06:41we can develop a specific medicine for our own population.
06:47When we do that specific medicine,
06:49we can improve our survival rate much better.
06:52It is equivalent to what we see outside the world.
06:55How did you do this research?
06:57What kind of cancer did you find?
07:01If you look at the cancer incidence rate in India,
07:06some cancers have a high incidence rate.
07:09For example, breast cancer, oral cancer, colorectal cancer,
07:14stomach cancer, etc.
07:17When we compare all these, breast cancer has a high incidence rate.
07:20So, we started with breast cancer.
07:22If you want to do a genome, you need tissue samples.
07:27IIT Madras is collaborating with many hospitals in and around Chennai
07:34to collect the tissue after having all the ethical clearance.
07:38Without ethical clearance, you cannot collect the samples.
07:41Even after ethical clearance, we have to get the patient's informed consent.
07:45The patient is willing to donate the tissue for the genetic research.
07:50After getting the clearance and permission,
07:53we collected the tissue from different hospitals.
07:55We did the whole genome sequencing and exome sequencing.
08:01We completed more than 950 sequences from 500 breast cancer patients.
08:09What kind of changes did you see in the DNA of western countries?
08:16We have some specific unique changes in the Indian population
08:25which you don't see in the western population.
08:28These unique changes may be responsible for the disease progression
08:33or that can be used as a drug target to develop a new drug for our own population.
08:38How will the public benefit from this?
08:41How useful will it be for the public?
08:44The new target is being identified.
08:50New genes are being diagnosed early.
08:53We have done 1000 sequences from the 500 people.
08:59This data is not going to stop here.
09:02More number of samples will be added.
09:05We can see the unique changes in the population level
09:10and we can use it as an early diagnostic marker.
09:14When you develop an early diagnostic marker,
09:16you can have an early intervention.
09:17So you can have a better management of the cancer situation in India.
09:20Is it useful to change the medicine?
09:24It is definitely useful to change the medicine.
09:27We can use the unique changes in the Indian population
09:32to develop a new drug for our own population.
09:41What are you going to do in the future?
09:44In the future, we are planning to develop an early diagnostic kit
09:50as well as identify the new target to develop drugs.
09:54What is your name?
09:59I am Professor Mahalingam,
10:01Professor in the Department of Biotechnology
10:03plus Head in the Centre of Excellence of Cancer Genomics and Molecular Therapeutics at IIT Madras.