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偉人・敗北からの教訓 2025年2月15日 第80回「平清盛・波間に消えた福原遷都の夢」
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00:00Even though it was a coincidental victory, the defeat was inevitable.
00:07How did the foreigners, who had colored the history of Japan, lose?
00:13What was the cause and mistake behind it?
00:18This time, we will focus on the defeat of Kiyomori Taira, who established the first Buke regime in Japan during the Heian period.
00:29The rise of the Hei family, which flourished in the spring of the Heian period due to the economic and overwhelming military power of the Miso trade.
00:38Why did the Buke, who had the power to surpass the emperor, give up the plan to transfer the Yako to Tsukuhara?
00:47The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The Lesson from the Defeat of Foreigners
01:04What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:11I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice of Shinko.
01:16And I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:19Nice to meet you.
01:21In the era of the samurai, there were heroes who claimed to have taken the country.
01:27Among them, there are a lot of people who have been able to protect the country for generations.
01:34That's right.
01:35There is also the question of what the country is.
01:38Commonly speaking, the people of the country are Kiyomori Taira, Yoritomo Minamoto, Takauji Ashikaga, Hideyoshi Toritomo, and Tokugawa Ieyasu.
01:48However, it is not easy to convey this to the next generation.
01:53And this person is also one of the people who took the country of Japan.
01:59This time, we will focus on the defeat of Kiyomori Taira.
02:04When it comes to the person who established the Buke regime for the first time in Japan,
02:08I think that many people think that he is Yoritomo Minamoto, who founded the Kamakura Shogunate.
02:14In fact, before that, Kiyomori Taira had established the Buke regime through the Heike Ichimon.
02:21Yes.
02:22The Heike regime is either an independent regime or a simple system of the court.
02:28There are various opinions on whether it is just using the framework of the existing political system.
02:33The era in which Kiyomori lived was the era in which the court held actual power and authority.
02:39Kiyomori's business was to overcome it by force.
02:43The role model of Kiyomori is Mr. Fujiwara.
02:47Mr. Fujiwara is the role model of getting the highest rank,
02:50giving his daughter to the emperor, and carrying out foreign policy.
02:56Kiyomori tried to do the same thing, so it is difficult to see the independence of the Heike regime.
03:05This time, let's look for lessons to live for tomorrow while unraveling the defeat of Kiyomori.
03:12First, let's look back at the life of Kiyomori Taira.
03:18Kiyomori Taira, who was the first samurai to stand at the top of Japan,
03:24was born as the son of Tadamori Taira, the head of the Ise army in 1118, the end of the Heian period.
03:35Kiyomori Taira, also known as Rakuin of Shirakawa Castle,
03:40was the head of the Heike family at the age of 36,
03:44with his father, Tadamori, who committed suicide in the Nisso trade.
03:54Later, he showed the strength of war in the civil war, such as the Battle of Ogen and the Battle of Heiji.
04:02Kiyomori Taira, who was the first samurai to stand at the top of the Heike family,
04:08was appointed by the Prime Minister, Tadamori Taira.
04:19Kiyomori Taira, on the other hand, was active in the Kouin policy and strengthened his ties with the Kousoku.
04:26He established a base in Fukuhara, which is now Kobe,
04:30and established a large-scale residence there.
04:33He expanded the Nisso trade and built a huge fortune.
04:41Thus, under the leadership of Kiyomori Taira, the Heike family flourished,
04:49but with the conspiracy of the Shishigatani, Kiyomori Taira and the Go-Shirakawa Emperor were at odds.
04:59Kiyomori Taira, who defeated the Go-Shirakawa Emperor and seized power,
05:07appointed his grandson as Emperor Antoku and took over the court.
05:14In addition, he moved the capital from Kyoto to Fukuhara, where he was based,
05:20and aimed to build a new society.
05:26However, at that time, various forces, including the Yoritomo of Minamoto,
05:31responded to the call of the Emperor Mochihito, and the Heike family was defeated one after another.
05:38Kiyomori Taira was overwhelmed by the response.
05:44And in 1180, when the Heike family was defeated in the battle of Fujikawa,
05:50Kiyomori Taira abandoned the capital of Fukuhara and was forced to return to Kyoto.
06:01The Moment of Kiyomori Taira's Defeat
06:06Why did the battle for Fukuhara fail?
06:09This time, we will talk about the defeat of Kiyomori Taira, who established the first samurai government in Japan.
06:18Now, let's look back at the main events of Kiyomori Taira's life.
06:23In the first place, what kind of samurai were there when Kiyomori was born?
06:29In the first place, Kiyomori Taira was a samurai of the north,
06:33who was in charge of the security of the capital,
06:36and a guard who was in charge of the police.
06:39In addition, Kiyomori Taira was a samurai of the north,
06:42who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
06:45and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
06:48and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
06:51and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
06:54and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
06:57and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:00and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:03and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:06and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:09and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:12and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:15and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:18and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:21and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:24and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:27and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:30and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:33and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:36and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:39and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:42and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:45and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:48and a guard who was in charge of the defense of the capital,
07:51By the way, when you say Heishi or Heike,
07:54I feel like the name changes depending on the situation.
07:57Is there a difference in meaning?
08:00First of all, in the case of Heishi,
08:03including the Heishi of Kuge,
08:06it refers to Heisei, that is, the flatness of Heisei.
08:09In the case of Heike, it refers to Ise Heishi.
08:12Ise Heishi.
08:15It's the Heishi of Kiyomori.
08:19In the case of Genji, it refers to the whole of Gensei,
08:22that is, the whole of Minamoto.
08:25The Heike story, which begins with the voice of the Gion Shouja,
08:28is famous, but in that story,
08:31it seems that Kiyomori is depicted as a considerable villain.
08:34Yes.
08:37In the old story,
08:40it often included something like a lesson.
08:43That's why the famous phrase in the Heike story is
08:47all included in the Heike story.
08:50In other words, the theme of the Heike story
08:53represents the emptiness of human life.
08:56The character of Kiyomori in the Heike story
08:59was never faithful to the truth.
09:02I think that's very important.
09:05So it doesn't mean that Kiyomori was always a villain.
09:08That's right.
09:11Kiyomori was a person who was supported by people around him.
09:15He was a great personality.
09:18I think that's a good way to put it.
09:21The Heike story is a movie that is not about the Heike family,
09:24but about the people.
09:27How did Kiyomori, his colleague,
09:30gain overwhelming power?
09:33There was a strength unique to Kiyomori.
09:36Please watch this.
09:39Although he was a man who was open to the world of samurai,
09:42Kiyomori's evaluation is always divided into two parts.
09:45In the Heike story,
09:48Kiyomori is portrayed as a great villain
09:51who had a power struggle with the emperor.
09:54However, in one of the important historical books of the Middle Ages,
09:57the Wukang book,
10:00Kiyomori is evaluated as a person
10:03who has a sense of balance that allows him
10:06to fight without hesitation and has the power to adjust.
10:10Mr. Takahashi, who worked on the periodical drama
10:13Taira no Kiyomori,
10:16evaluates Kiyomori in this way.
10:19The first person who created the Buke Seiken
10:24was the Buke Seiken that preceded Kamakura Bakufu.
10:29Under the influence of the Heike story,
10:32he was defeated by Yoritomo
10:36in the first Buke Seiken,
10:39so it is difficult to say that it was the first Buke Seiken.
10:44I would rather say that it was the first Bakufu.
10:58Rokuhara is the main temple of Heike Ichimon,
11:01located in the east of Kamogawa,
11:04the capital of Heike Ichimon.
11:08What supported the power of Kiyomori
11:11was the trade with China,
11:14which his father, Tadamori, put effort into.
11:17It was the trade of the Sun.
11:20Tadamori, who made a huge profit,
11:23was liked by the emperor and became the first person to ascend to the throne as a warrior.
11:29In addition, he became famous for suppressing the pirates of the Seto Inland Sea,
11:32and he was regarded as a warrior
11:35who protected his land from the Kuge era.
11:42What did Kiyomori think of his father's back?
11:47A warrior should not be just good at martial arts.
11:50He had to learn how to use martial arts
11:53properly with the nobles.
11:56That's what he thought.
12:00Kiyomori learned from his father,
12:03and became more determined to ascend to the throne.
12:06Kiyomori became successful in the aristocracy,
12:09and when he became the emperor of the Seto Inland Sea,
12:12he expanded the trade of the Sun
12:15and imported a large number of
12:18bronze warhorses and warhorses.
12:21In Japan at that time,
12:24it was common to trade rice and silk.
12:27It was inconvenient,
12:30no matter how you think about it.
12:33The value of rice is different
12:36between rice and silk.
12:39It's different between good and bad.
12:42On the other hand,
12:45the value of bronze warhorses is equal.
12:48According to Mr. Onagi,
12:51who has written many history books,
12:54Kiyomori was like a money generator.
12:57He could decide the value of money.
13:00He could say,
13:03this is 10,000 yen,
13:06and this is 10 yen.
13:09Kiyomori became the foundation
13:12and established a low-income economy.
13:15Kiyomori became the head of the Shimon clan.
13:20He built an overwhelming economic power
13:23with the trade of the Sun,
13:26and made his clan more and more prosperous.
13:30At that time,
13:33there was a power struggle in the court,
13:36but the Heike, led by Kiyomori,
13:39maintained neutrality
13:42and continued to rule.
13:45Emperor Nijo and his father,
13:48Go-shirakawa-jo-ko,
13:51wanted to rule each other.
13:54Basically, it was Emperor Nijo's side,
13:57but Go-shirakawa-jo-ko also had a good side.
14:00So, both sides supported each other.
14:05Kiyomori, who served Emperor Nijo
14:08and followed Go-shirakawa-jo-ko,
14:11was reliant on both sides.
14:16In 1159,
14:19Kiyomori, who was the head of the court,
14:22went out to worship a bear,
14:25and a coup d'etat happened
14:28when a military vacuum was created.
14:31Emperor Nijo and Go-shirakawa-jo-ko
14:34were imprisoned in Heiji-no-ran.
14:38Kiyomori returned to Kyoto
14:41after hearing about the incident.
14:44He took back Emperor Nijo and Go-shirakawa-jo-ko,
14:47and paid a great debt of gratitude
14:50to the two great powers of the court.
14:53Kiyomori, who had killed his rival,
14:56Minamoto no Yoshitomo,
14:59did not kill Yoshitomo's third son,
15:02Yoritomo, who was still young.
15:05Kiyomori killed Yoshitomo's son.
15:08I thought it would be okay
15:11to let this boy live.
15:14Kiyomori was not the type of person
15:17to kill people recklessly.
15:21Kiyomori, who became the first warrior,
15:24was overwhelmed by the military power
15:27and police power of the court,
15:30and finally ascended to the position
15:33of Prime Minister of Japan.
15:37What did the nobles think of Kiyomori,
15:40who rose to the top of the government?
15:44If you look at it from the perspective
15:47of those who were originally in a close relationship,
15:50they were taken by the Taira clan.
15:53Kiyomori, who achieved great success,
15:56will monopolize even greater power.
16:03Kiyomori, who became the first warrior,
16:06was overwhelmed by the military power
16:09and police power of the court,
16:12and finally ascended to the position
16:15of Prime Minister of Japan.
16:18With his outstanding financial power,
16:21the strongest military power in Japan,
16:24and his great success in the world,
16:27Kiyomori, who rose to the top of the government,
16:30became the first warrior.
16:33If it is not in the military power,
16:36it is not in the people.
16:39This word, which symbolizes the military power,
16:42is based on Kiyomori's
16:44statement of the Taira Tokitada.
16:48On the other hand,
16:51Kiyomori's personality
16:54has such a story in his personal account.
16:57Kiyomori made the elderly soldiers
17:00sleep next to him,
17:03and if they were sleeping early in the morning,
17:06he let them sleep as much as they wanted.
17:09Even though he was a low-ranking official,
17:12in front of his family,
17:15he treated them like his own people.
17:18He was kind to his subordinates.
17:22Although he was a warrior,
17:25Kiyomori got the highest position,
17:28the Prime Minister,
17:31but he took over this position in just three months.
17:35Because the Prime Minister
17:38was a so-called honorary position.
17:41For Kiyomori, who was a law-abiding person,
17:44it was enough to have a record of reaching the top.
17:48The former Prime Minister,
17:51the former Prime Minister who should have resigned,
17:54held the Prime Minister's head
17:57and let him do it from behind.
18:01Kiyomori became the successor of Chakunan Shugemori
18:04and moved to Fukuhara by himself.
18:10He also started a great project
18:13to build an artificial island
18:16by building a big house
18:19that would be the base of the two-story trade.
18:22I think he was an active person
18:25to start something new.
18:30He planned to build an international trade city
18:33centered on the port
18:36and to keep away from the Pacific,
18:39so that the economy would not be disturbed by the old force.
18:43Furthermore, he asked Emperor Takakura
18:46to take charge of his daughter Tokuko.
18:49Kiyomori's daughter would be the emperor's daughter,
18:52and the next emperor's daughter
18:55would be the next emperor's daughter.
18:58If he succeeded in this,
19:01Kiyomori's family would be the emperor's family.
19:04This would give him an overwhelming authority.
19:08Kiyomori, who entered the court deeply
19:11and exerted his power,
19:14and Hōō Goshirakawa,
19:18felt an uneasy atmosphere between them.
19:25Kiyomori heard that Hōō Goshirakawa
19:28and his subordinates
19:31were talking about the conquest of Heike in Shushugatani.
19:34Kiyomori was greatly outraged.
19:38He immediately killed
19:41all of his subordinates.
19:45As a result, Hōō Goshirakawa,
19:48who had been isolated,
19:51began to hate Kiyomori even more.
19:55In 1178,
19:58Tokuko, the daughter of Emperor Takakura,
20:01gave birth to a prince,
20:04and Kiyomori, who became the next emperor's concubine,
20:07gained even more power.
20:11And when Shigemori, the son of Hōō Goshirakawa,
20:14who had been in a relationship with Kiyomori,
20:17passed away,
20:20the relationship between the two finally collapsed.
20:26Hōō Goshirakawa, who resented Heike,
20:29took over the land of Echizen,
20:32which was Shigemori's territory,
20:35on his own.
20:39Hōō Goshirakawa was quite provocative,
20:42and Kiyomori had no choice but to accept it.
20:47Kiyomori, who had been patient until now,
20:50was exiled from Fukuhara,
20:53and married Kudeta, who was in charge of the army.
20:57It was the end of the Three Years' War.
21:02Hōō Goshirakawa was afraid of that momentum
21:05and begged for forgiveness,
21:07but Kiyomori didn't forgive him.
21:10Hōō Goshirakawa was exiled,
21:13and the war was completely stopped.
21:17Kiyomori, who was in charge of the capital city of Japan,
21:20started a new system.
21:26At the same time,
21:29it was also an opportunity for Heike,
21:32who had a great momentum,
21:35to take over the land of Echizen.
21:38Kiyomori's way of doing things is very radical.
21:41It really feels like he's Fujiwara himself.
21:44That's exactly right.
21:47Fujiwara used foreign policy to seize power
21:50and move the politics of the Chōtei.
21:53There's a part of him that follows that model,
21:56but he doesn't follow it all.
21:59There are parts that he subtly changes.
22:02Kiyomori had a great sense of economy
22:05because he imported and controlled
22:08a large number of goods and services.
22:11I think he had a great sense of economy.
22:14No one had done that before, right?
22:17Until then, it was all exchange of goods and services.
22:20As I mentioned earlier,
22:23rice and vegetables were all sold out.
22:26There was a grey zone,
22:29and as more goods and services came in,
22:32there was a limit.
22:35Kiyomori decided to import goods and services
22:38in order to solve those problems.
22:41Kiyomori built an artificial island
22:44called Kyōga Island
22:47at the port of Fukuhara.
22:50What was the purpose of this?
22:53The waves from the east
22:56were in an inconvenient place.
22:59Kiyomori wanted to build an artificial island
23:02at the port of Fukuhara.
23:05However, the construction was very difficult
23:08because of the land force at the time.
23:11The waves were strong and the wind was strong.
23:14It was a lot of work.
23:17Kiyomori couldn't do it very well,
23:20so he decided to build an artificial island
23:23at the port of Fukuhara.
23:26That's a good idea.
23:29However, Kiyomori didn't like irrational ideas.
23:32He decided to build an artificial island
23:35at the port of Fukuhara.
23:38That's a good idea.
23:41He didn't want to sacrifice his life for nothing.
23:44That's right.
23:47In life,
23:50everything can go well.
23:53But at that time,
23:56it is important to control your emotions and desires.
23:59If you get carried away,
24:02you don't know what will happen in the morning.
24:07Kiyomori built an artificial island
24:10with all his power.
24:13Finally, he set sail for the port of Fukuhara,
24:16where he was based.
24:19However, he was attacked by the Japanese army
24:22and was forced to surrender.
24:25Take a look at this.
24:28Kiyomori besieged the Port of Fukuhara
24:31and deposed Emperor Takakura.
24:34He made his grandson, the 3-year-old prince,
24:37the emperor.
24:40He was Emperor Antoku.
24:43He seized power with his military coup d'etat
24:46At that time, Kiyomori
24:49was at great risk.
24:52In politics,
24:55if you do something good,
24:58you can change the situation.
25:01If you can change the situation,
25:04you can lose your position.
25:07In politics, if you do something good,
25:10you can change the situation.
25:13We can't let Kiyomori die like this.
25:17The 3-year-old prince of Hoshirakawa,
25:20Mochihito,
25:23made a military coup d'etat
25:26and surrendered.
25:29However, Kiyomori
25:32knew about this plan
25:35and invaded Japan.
25:41In June of the 4th year of Jisho,
25:44Kiyomori made a military coup d'etat
25:47against the imperial family, the nobles,
25:50and the imperial family.
25:53He deposed Emperor Antoku, Emperor Takakura,
25:56and Emperor Hoshirakawa
25:59and moved the capital to Fukuhara.
26:02Why did Kiyomori make a military coup d'etat?
26:08Why did Kiyomori make a military coup d'etat
26:11and move the capital to Fukuhara?
26:15The chaos in the capital.
26:18As Kiyomori became more powerful,
26:21the people who were suppressed by Kiyomori
26:24and the nobles were silenced.
26:27Now, people are criticizing Kiyomori on the internet.
26:30We can't stop the criticism.
26:33It's too loud.
26:36Kyoto, surrounded by the old power,
26:39was a place full of enemies for Kiyomori.
26:44It's the beginning of a new era.
26:47For him.
26:50A new era means
26:53a new capital.
26:56He may have wanted to appeal
26:59to the new era with a new capital.
27:03On the other hand,
27:06Mr. Takemura, an expert in the history of Kyoto,
27:09pointed out a geographical problem.
27:13The beautiful part of the Heian period
27:16was full of nomads.
27:19They said, if you go to the capital, you can eat.
27:22People came in from the east and west.
27:25Kyoto, surrounded by mountains,
27:28was crowded with nomads from all over the country.
27:31The population was overflowing.
27:34There was no way to stop it.
27:39200,000 to 300,000 people died in Kyoto.
27:46It was an impoverished city.
27:52In the city, which was polluted by the population,
27:55epidemics also spread.
27:59On the other hand, Mr. Fukuhara said,
28:02the city of Kobe is really small.
28:05If you block the road to the east and west,
28:08no one can come in.
28:11In other words, he created a capital
28:14in a closed space where nomads couldn't come in.
28:17In addition to the population control,
28:20there are other features.
28:23It's a gentle slope towards the sea.
28:26What happens to people's waste?
28:29Plankton grows, small fish eat it,
28:32and big fish eat it.
28:35It has a very good circulation
28:38and creates a rich sea.
28:43From a peaceful city with a long history,
28:46to a sustainable international city,
28:49this is the Fukuhara that Mr. Kiyomori dreamed of.
28:52This was Mr. Fukuhara.
28:55It seems that the Emperor and the Kuge
28:58couldn't understand this idea
29:01even after asking the Heike.
29:10The war against the Mochihito
29:13was easily suppressed,
29:16but the wave of fighting against Heike spread all over Japan.
29:19The imperial government
29:22collected various things
29:25from all over the world.
29:28The nobles of the imperial palace and the imperial court
29:31were doing that.
29:34Even though they were in power,
29:37they were completely isolated in the imperial palace.
29:40All the rebellions against the imperial palace
29:43and the imperial court
29:47and the dissatisfaction of the people
29:50against the conventional politics
29:53were all poured into Kiyomori.
29:56Minamoto no Yoritomo, the head of the Genji,
29:59who was once saved by Kiyomori,
30:02also fought against Heike and died in Izu.
30:08Kiyomori was angry
30:11because Yoritomo, who had saved his life,
30:14was killed by Heike.
30:26The Heike army
30:29showed overwhelming power in the battle of Nishibashiyama,
30:32and Yoritomo, who was defeated,
30:35fled to the rampant peninsula.
30:38At the same time, Kiyomori was in a hurry
30:41but he couldn't move forward
30:44and the dissatisfaction of the people increased.
30:47Meanwhile, the nobles of the imperial palace
30:50gathered around Yoritomo.
30:59Yoritomo, who had been isolated for a while,
31:02had a huge army
31:05that could not be compared to the previous one.
31:08Kiyomori immediately dispatched his subjugation army.
31:15The two armies fought against each other
31:18between the Fujikawa of the country of Suruga,
31:21but the morale of the Heike family did not rise at all.
31:24There was a big reason for that.
31:30He put young people in the army
31:33and they got injured.
31:36For example, if someone lost an arm or a leg
31:39or died,
31:42the father of the country
31:45had to take care of the rest of the family.
31:48If something bad happened,
31:51he had to run away and come back.
31:54Kiyomori, who was 6 years old,
31:57was already exhausted.
32:00The Heike army, which was ahead of the imperial army,
32:03ended the battle without a large-scale battle.
32:11When the news was brought to Fukuhara,
32:24Kiyomori was very angry.
32:28The impact of this defeat appeared in many places.
32:32Many people were forced to fight against the Heike family.
32:39Many people were dissatisfied with the Heike family.
32:44There were many Heike family members who were on equal footing.
32:47Among them, Kiyomori was the only one
32:50who was on equal footing with the Heike family.
32:53He said,
32:56I don't mind if you take care of me.
32:59The Heike family was very angry.
33:02The Heike family turned all the other members of the family
33:05against the Heike family.
33:11Kiyomori was about to make a choice.
33:14A war?
33:17Or a bloodbath?
33:20He was determined to fight until the end.
33:23He had a will.
33:26If he decided to go to war,
33:29and the battle in Fukuhara ended in failure,
33:32it would be a betrayal of loyalty.
33:35Many people who disobeyed the emperor
33:38and the Heike family members
33:41would be killed.
33:44That was Kiyomori's decision.
33:47Is this the limit?
33:55Kiyomori decided to go back to Kyoto
33:58and abandon the symbol of the new era,
34:01the Fukuhara-kyo,
34:04which he had dreamed of with great effort.
34:09Kiyomori was defeated.
34:17It was only six months after the war.
34:25I felt the enthusiasm of the new era.
34:28Looking at the contents,
34:31I felt that the imperialist framework
34:34that had existed for a long time
34:37could not be surpassed.
34:40I felt that from the video.
34:43I wondered what kind of course Kiyomori had.
34:46I didn't know whether he was going to
34:49create a new system and run it.
34:52So I think he used the imperialist framework
34:55as it was.
34:58I think there were various intentions
35:01from Kyoto to Fukuhara.
35:04What do you think was the biggest reason?
35:07He wanted to keep a distance from the self-governing power.
35:10At that time,
35:13the two temples,
35:16Kofukuji and Hieizan Enryakuji,
35:19were very powerful.
35:22He wanted to get rid of them.
35:25Secondly,
35:28he wanted to promote the Japanese-style trade.
35:31He wanted to put the center of politics nearby.
35:34In other words,
35:37he wanted to unify politics and trade.
35:40He wanted to keep a distance.
35:43There were many reasons.
35:46The biggest reason was
35:49to build the Buke-shudo government in Fukuhara.
35:52Later,
35:55Yoritomo built the city of samurai in Kamakura.
35:58I think he learned from Kiyomori's Fukuhara war.
36:01I see.
36:04What kind of society did Kiyomori want to create in Fukuhara?
36:10Ito Jun's viewpoint
36:13from the perspective of a historian.
36:16Ito Jun's viewpoint
36:19I think he wanted to move to a political system
36:22where trade was the main thing.
36:25Of course, there is a lot of land in Japan.
36:28Agriculture is a basic thing.
36:31However, he wanted to accumulate more wealth
36:34by doing trade from there.
36:37When he was thinking about Japan,
36:40it was quite important to have a balance of power.
36:43He wanted to accumulate wealth for that.
36:46That's why he helped Fujiwara.
36:49He helped Kuge and Taisho-ji.
36:52They helped Kiyomori.
36:55They helped Kiyomori and Taisho-ji to understand money.
36:58By letting them do trade,
37:01they built a good relationship with Fujiwara.
37:04What Kiyomori had in mind for the new society he wanted to create in Fukuhara was
37:11to import a variety of cultures and diversify the Japanese culture.
37:16I think he wanted to focus on Fukuhara as a major cultural center.
37:24No matter how right you think the path is,
37:27if the people around you don't agree with it, it usually doesn't go well.
37:32If you push yourself too hard, the people around you will become more and more rebellious.
37:42Kiyomori saw the harsh reality of the Minamoto-no-Yoritomo occupation,
37:49but his luck was already running out.
37:52And the fate of the Heike family, whose prosperity was at its peak, was also heading for destruction.
37:57Please take a look at this.
38:00Kiyomori gave up the battle for Fukuhara, which he dreamed of becoming an ideal society,
38:05and returned to Kyoto to prepare for the Yoritomo occupation.
38:11As he gave orders to each direction, he was suddenly attacked by severe headaches and fever.
38:19And just ten days after the outbreak, Kiyomori became an unreturnable person.
38:27In the Heike story, Kiyomori realized his death and said,
38:31There is no need for a funeral.
38:33I will prepare for the Yoritomo occupation.
38:37That's what he said.
38:42The power that I worked hard to create is now about to collapse, right?
38:46I feel like, what should I do?
38:50Because I'm a warrior.
38:53If I don't fight until the last moment, I'm like a warrior.
38:57Whether it's good or not, it's a different story.
39:00The Heike family, which lost its charisma called Kiyomori,
39:03then perished in just four years.
39:09The Heike era, which was the peak of film thanks to the birth of Kiyomori,
39:11was too short and fleeting, as if telling the story of the world's innocence.
39:21Why did Kiyomori fail?
39:24It's because he was a nobleman.
39:26He didn't care about the world of politics.
39:31No matter how good the politics was,
39:34he was always hated, belittled, and dragged down.
39:38He had to keep fighting.
39:42If the Kiyomori regime continued,
39:45what kind of world would it have become?
39:50The Japanese-Chinese relationship would have been even closer.
39:54It would have led to social progress and economic development.
39:58I think that would have been possible.
40:02Kobe was developed mainly by the port.
40:06I think Kiyomori was the one who laid the foundation for that.
40:13Fukuhara Kiyomori, who lived in Kiyomori's dream,
40:17was quietly standing by the Kiyomori Puyo Tower near the Kobe Port.
40:26I'm from Hyogo Prefecture.
40:30I was deeply grateful to Kiyomori for being at the foot of the Kobe port.
40:42Kiyomori's plan was a complete failure.
40:46But he was able to realize his potential.
40:49He did what he could do at that point.
40:53I think that's where his success came from.
40:57However, when Genji was about to attack,
41:00he suddenly stopped for a week and died.
41:04It was a dramatic downfall.
41:06What was the cause?
41:08There are many stories about Kiyomori's cold water.
41:13There are many ridiculous stories.
41:17But we know that he had a high fever.
41:19But we don't know what the cause was.
41:21Recently, there has been a possibility that he might have had a flu.
41:28It's probably a miscalculation that he died here.
41:31I feel like Kiyomori's life was going according to plan in the first half of his life.
41:37The contrast with the second half of his life is clear.
41:40In the first half of his life, he was a very careful person.
41:42He was careful about the people around him.
41:44Thanks to that, he was able to do what he wanted to do in politics.
41:49But in the second half of his life, he was a bit stubborn and stubborn.
41:52I think that's where he became isolated.
41:56Now, let's look at the lessons we should learn from Kiyomori's defeat.
42:02If you win too much, you risk destruction.
42:06In the first half of his life, he lost everything to his enemies.
42:12I think it was a wise decision to compromise and gradually lose everything.
42:17However, it seems that Kiyomori had lost his patience.
42:22He lost all of his power and authority.
42:29I think he was very rebellious.
42:33On the other hand, Yoritomo learned from Kiyomori's failure.
42:37He made a compromise with Kiyomori and took a step forward.
42:41He took away his political power and authority.
42:43I think he took a very smart approach.
42:46Even in today's society, there is a saying,
42:48If you stand out too much, you'll get a big backlash from the old system.
42:55For example, a certain IT company or a certain hand
42:58suffered a severe backlash from the old system and was destroyed.
43:03On the contrary, SoftBank, Rakuten, and HSS
43:08were able to get into the old system.
43:12When they realized it, they became a big company.
43:15They became a traditional company.
43:17They did a very smart thing.
43:20In order to make a company sustainable,
43:23they had to choose the right path.
43:27In order to achieve a big business,
43:30it is important not to rush and not to do too much.
43:34If you win too much by yourself,
43:37there is a path to self-destruction ahead.
43:42This is a lesson from Kiyomori's defeat.
43:53The saying,
43:55No one can get drunk in the story of Heike.
43:58I felt that it was exactly what Kiyomori was trying to say.
44:03As a result, in the case of Kiyomori,
44:05it became such a story.
44:07It became a story that can be taken up as a theme
44:12such as the law of causality and the emptiness of life.
44:15However, as a result,
44:19what Kiyomori tried to do in his life
44:24was revolutionary.
44:26I don't think his business will be erased in history.
44:30In a sense, even such a great man
44:34will get angry.
44:36He will be careless.
44:38He will do too much.
44:40I feel that it became a deeper lesson.
44:44Thank you, Mr. Ito.
44:47This is a lesson from Kiyomori's defeat.
44:50See you next time.