🚀 Scientists just found something huge — the biggest thing in the entire universe! It’s called Quipu, and it’s a massive space structure made of galaxy clusters all tied together like a cosmic web. 📏 Get this — it’s 1.3 billion light-years long and weighs 200 quadrillion times more than our Sun! 😲 That’s a 2 followed by 15 zeros — now that’s heavy! Quipu is so big, it even bends light and messes with how we measure space. 🌀 Astronomers are super excited because by studying Quipu, we can learn how galaxies grow and how the universe keeps expanding — it’s like reading the universe’s biggest history book! Credit:
Quipu, the largest known structure in the universe / Reddit
Fragmentary quipu: By Daderot, CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fragmentary_quipu_(khipu)_composed_of_two_main_cords_with_subsidiary_and_tertiary_cords,_Inca,_Peru,_Late_Horizon,_1476-1534_AD,_cotton,_plant_fiber,_indigo_dye_-_Dallas_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC04703.jpg
Quipu Museo Arte Precolombino: By Yastay, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quipu_Museo_Arte_Precolombino.jpg
Inca – Quipu: By Patrick Gray, CC BY 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inca_-_Quipu.png#/media/File:Inca_-_Quipu.png
CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
Cosmic microwave radiation and the Big Bang on the edge: By Pablo Carlos Budassi, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Observable_universe_pbudassi.png#/media/File:Observable_universe_pbudassi.png
The Sloan Great Wall, By Willem Schaap , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_Great_Wall#/media/File:2dfdtfe.gif
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
Quipu, the largest known structure in the universe / Reddit
Fragmentary quipu: By Daderot, CC0 1.0, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ , https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fragmentary_quipu_(khipu)_composed_of_two_main_cords_with_subsidiary_and_tertiary_cords,_Inca,_Peru,_Late_Horizon,_1476-1534_AD,_cotton,_plant_fiber,_indigo_dye_-_Dallas_Museum_of_Art_-_DSC04703.jpg
Quipu Museo Arte Precolombino: By Yastay, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quipu_Museo_Arte_Precolombino.jpg
Inca – Quipu: By Patrick Gray, CC BY 2.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inca_-_Quipu.png#/media/File:Inca_-_Quipu.png
CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/:
Cosmic microwave radiation and the Big Bang on the edge: By Pablo Carlos Budassi, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Observable_universe_pbudassi.png#/media/File:Observable_universe_pbudassi.png
The Sloan Great Wall, By Willem Schaap , https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloan_Great_Wall#/media/File:2dfdtfe.gif
Animation is created by Bright Side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
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https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
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For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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😹
FunTranscript
00:00Psst, a giant is hiding in the sky.
00:04Kipu is the biggest thing we've ever found in the nearby universe.
00:07It's been messing with our understanding of the universe for years,
00:11and we've just discovered it.
00:13Kipu is dense, powerful, and dangerous to ignore.
00:17If we don't understand structures like this,
00:19we might be reading the universe completely wrong.
00:22So what exactly is it?
00:25It's not a solid object like a planet or a star,
00:28and it's not a single thing.
00:30It's a superstructure, basically an entire region of the universe.
00:35A tangled mess of matter spanning a huge amount of space
00:38stitched together by gravity.
00:41Kipu is made up of an enormous web of galaxies,
00:44galaxy clusters or giant groups of galaxies,
00:47gas and dark matter.
00:49It's like a superhighway,
00:51with galaxy clusters being the cities,
00:53filaments being the roads,
00:55and dark matter being the invisible infrastructure,
00:58holding it all together.
01:00This giant stretches across 1.3 billion light years.
01:04That means if you traveled at the speed of light,
01:07it would still take you 1.3 billion years just to cross it.
01:11Kipu also holds 200 quadrillion solar masses,
01:15even though it only takes up 13% of the observable universe.
01:19The name Kipu comes from the Incan system
01:22of knotted cords used to record things,
01:25called Kipus.
01:26It was like a writing system.
01:28In that system, each knot, color, and twist told the story.
01:32Numbers, taxes, harvests, and so on.
01:35So when astronomers saw this colossal structure in space,
01:38long, tangled, and branching like space cords,
01:42they named it after this language of knots.
01:44Plus, the shape of the space
01:46reminded scientists of those threads.
01:49There's a long central filament,
01:50and the smaller ones are branching off the sides.
01:53What's even more fascinating, Kipu isn't alone.
01:57When scientists mapped this part of the universe,
01:59they found five of these massive structures.
02:02They aren't just sitting there, either.
02:04They formed over billions of years through gravity,
02:07slowly pulling matter together.
02:09All told, all those giants hold nearly half
02:12of all the galaxy clusters in that region,
02:1530% of all the galaxies,
02:17and a quarter of all the matter
02:19in the observable universe.
02:21The team that found Kipu used a clever trick.
02:24They searched for X-rays coming from galaxy clusters.
02:27These clusters aren't just full of galaxies.
02:30They're also filled with superhot gas.
02:32That gas is so hot,
02:34it glows in X-ray light,
02:35which we can't see with our eyes.
02:37But special telescopes can.
02:39If there's a lot of that X-ray glow,
02:42it means there's a huge amount of matter,
02:45galaxies, gas, and dark matter
02:46all pulled together by gravity.
02:49That's where the densest,
02:50most crowded areas of the universe are.
02:53So, by following the X-ray glow,
02:56the scientists could draw a map
02:57showing where the biggest cosmic structures,
03:00like Kipu, were hiding.
03:02Why does any of this matter?
03:04Because these megastructures
03:05mess with everything.
03:06First of all, they warped
03:08the cosmic microwave background,
03:11the ancient light left over from the Big Bang.
03:13It's a faint glow of light
03:15that fills the entire universe.
03:17After the Big Bang happened
03:18and our world was created,
03:20it emitted its very first light
03:22and signals that still haven't
03:24completely weakened yet.
03:26The leftover radiation is still coming to us,
03:29even after 13.8 billion years.
03:32By studying this ancient light,
03:34scientists can learn
03:35what the early universe looked like,
03:37and Kipu ruins it for us.
03:40These megastructures hold so much gravity
03:42that they bend and distort this ancient light
03:45as it passes through them.
03:47That's called the integrated
03:48Sachs-Wolfe effect.
03:50These warps add noise to the original signal,
03:53and now it's harder for us
03:54to get a proper, clearer understanding
03:56of what the baby universe looked like
03:59and how it expanded.
04:00They also mess with the Hubble constant.
04:03The universe is constantly expanding,
04:06and the Hubble constant tells us
04:07how fast it's growing.
04:09In other words,
04:10how quickly galaxies are moving apart
04:12from each other.
04:13But giant things in space,
04:15like Kipu,
04:16have so much gravity
04:17that they pull nearby galaxies toward them,
04:20messing up the way those galaxies move.
04:22This makes it harder for scientists
04:24to measure the universe's true speed of expansion.
04:27They can't tell if a galaxy is moving
04:29because of the universe growing,
04:30or just because it's being pulled
04:32by something huge nearby.
04:35And finally,
04:36there's gravitational lensing.
04:38Light in space travels constantly,
04:40but it doesn't always follow a straight line.
04:43If the space gets distorted,
04:45like by gravity,
04:46then the light traveling through the space
04:48will get bent and distorted too.
04:51Gravitational lensing is when light
04:53from faraway galaxies gets bent,
04:55because it passes by something supermassive,
04:58like Kipu here.
04:59That huge gravity pulls on the light,
05:02like how a heavy ball can bend a sheet.
05:05And since light delivers information to us,
05:07literally makes us see what things look like,
05:10this bending distorts how we see galaxies.
05:13The images of galaxies end up looking stretched,
05:16brighter,
05:17or we can even find an entire galaxy
05:19in the wrong place.
05:21It's like looking at our universe
05:23through a warped magnifying glass.
05:25If we're not careful,
05:26we could misread those distortions
05:28and get the wrong idea
05:30about what our world looks like.
05:32Luckily,
05:33we didn't just drop
05:34these mysterious superstructures
05:35out of nowhere.
05:36Astronomers suspected
05:37that something like that
05:39should be out there.
05:40They just didn't know for sure.
05:42Our best model for the universe
05:43is called Lambda CDM.
05:45It says,
05:46Universe started with the Big Bang,
05:48is still expanding,
05:50and is mostly made of mysterious stuff.
05:52Dark energy
05:53and cold dark matter,
05:55the CDM part.
05:56We can't see or touch these things,
05:58but we know they exist,
06:00because if they didn't,
06:01our universe would literally break apart.
06:04This model matches what we do see,
06:06like galaxies forming,
06:08how stars move,
06:09and the overall shape of the universe.
06:11So even if some puzzle pieces by themselves
06:14are still a mystery,
06:16they match the actual picture.
06:17And this model actually predicted things
06:20like Kipu.
06:21When scientists ran simulations
06:23using that model,
06:24they saw similar structures forming,
06:27giant cosmic webs of galaxies
06:29tied together by gravity.
06:31Kipu matched those predictions
06:33in real life.
06:34This also means that Lambda CDM
06:36is matching real life once again,
06:38thank heavens.
06:39No huge surprises here.
06:41But now that we actually found it,
06:44it's the largest known structure
06:45in the observable universe.
06:48There was another giant before Kipu,
06:50the Sloan Great Wall.
06:52That one was discovered in 2003
06:54and was believed to be
06:55one of the largest structures ever found.
06:58And it's still an absolute monster.
07:00The Sloan Great Wall
07:02stretches over 1 billion light-years across.
07:04It's called a wall,
07:06but it's not like a wall
07:07you'd find on Earth.
07:08It's also a vast cosmic web,
07:11made up of thousands of galaxies
07:12and gas connected by dark matter.
07:16What makes both Kipu
07:17and the Sloan Great Wall
07:19so surprising
07:19is that they literally
07:21seem too big to exist.
07:23According to the Lambda CDM model,
07:26structures that huge
07:27shouldn't be common,
07:28especially at the time they formed.
07:30How did these giants form so fast
07:32in a universe that's supposed to be growing,
07:35expanding, and smoothing over time?
07:37And if we keep finding more of them,
07:39that would be completely insane.
07:41It could mean there's something deeper
07:43going on in the way our world is built.
07:46It's all part of our crazy
07:47Capernaum journey,
07:49a long series of discoveries
07:51where we just keep getting humbled
07:52by the universe.
07:54Every time we find something like this,
07:56we realize even more
07:57how we're not the center of everything.
08:00First, we learned the Earth
08:01wasn't the center of the solar system.
08:04Then we found that the solar system
08:06is just one speck in a galaxy.
08:08Now, even galaxy superclusters,
08:10which we believe to be the biggest,
08:12are being dwarfed by structures
08:14like Kipu and the Sloan Great Wall.
08:17But also, these structures won't last forever.
08:20Kipu is temporary.
08:22Over billions of years,
08:23gravity will tear it apart,
08:25breaking it into smaller pieces.
08:27Some parts will collapse into tighter clusters,
08:30others will drift apart.
08:32Right now, though,
08:32it's one of the most important structures
08:34in the known universe.
08:35It shapes how galaxies form.
08:38It bends light,
08:39making it super important for us to decipher.
08:42It literally messes with our understanding
08:44of the cosmos.
08:45That's it for today.
08:50So, hey,
08:50if you pacified your curiosity,
08:52then give the video a like
08:53and share it with your friends.
08:55Or, if you want more,
08:56just click on these videos
08:57and stay on the bright side.
08:58So,
08:59if you want more,
09:00you can see the video a little bit
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