A video created by Artificial Inteligece based on a speach given by Nancy Horton daughter of George Horton councelor of United States in Smyrna during 1922.
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00:00Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
00:30Υπότιτλοι AUTHORWAVE
01:00And one part that apparently impressed George for life was the chapter from Apocalypse where it is mentioned that the last of the seven cities of Apocalypse was Smyrna.
01:11So he was destined to live and experience the destruction and death of the city.
01:15Nancy Horton in this historic speech gave her account of the events that led to the destruction and expulsion of the Christian population from Asia Minor, starting from the First World War.
01:29Nancy described that her father said that it was the first time in 100 years that the USA flag had been hauled down on a consulate.
01:37The Greek victory against the Bulgarians and the fight for Thessalonica that followed impressed the British enormously.
01:43Evidently the British started thinking that some of the land that Greeks were now holding under their control would be very important for Great Britain.
01:50This is why the British invited Elephtherios Venizelos, the Greek Prime Minister, to London.
01:59They wanted a base in the Adriatic Sea, maybe in Cephalonia Island.
02:03The British were thinking to trade Cyprus for this.
02:06Instead of this, the British Minister of Exterior, Sir Edward Grey, gave instructions to the British Ambassador in Athens to offer Greece significant compensation in land on the Asia Minor coast.
02:17In return, Greece would enter the war on the side of the Allies, breaking its neutrality.
02:23This happened during January 1915.
02:25Venizelos accepted and allowed the Allied forces to enter Thessalonica.
02:29King Constantine of Greece opposed this decision, and Greece was divided into two states.
02:40In May 1919, Lloyd George and Venizelos decided that the Greek army should move into Smyrna.
02:46On May 14, 1919, the Allied forces took their position in the port of Smyrna.
02:52The next day, the Greek armed forces disembarked in Smyrna.
02:59In August 1920, the government of the Sultan signed the Treaty of Sevres.
03:04According to this treaty, the Greek population of Asia Minor would be freed from the Ottoman Turks, and the area would be under the control of international supervision.
03:12But the treaty was never signed by all the parties, in parallel with objections by the new Turks' party overthrowing the Sultan.
03:21Italy objected because they were looking at Greece as their financial rival, and they were worried about the commercial strength Greece would acquire.
03:29And the French were anxious that Great Britain would increase their influence in the area.
03:33Under the circumstances, Venizelos believed that the only way to achieve the signing of the treaty was by applying military pressure.
03:42On his own, he telegraphed to Lloyd George announcing his decision, and asked for the support of Great Britain.
03:47It was amazing how much Great Britain was interfering in the war issues of Asia Minor, and how much the Greeks were maintaining a continuous consultation with the British before every move they would make.
04:02The British maintained a cautious position, and they did not commit anything precise.
04:06At the time the Greeks disembarked in Smyrna, George Horton wrote to the United States State Department, George Horton.
04:18This is the second expedition to Syracuse, referring to the war against Syracuse during 413 BC,
04:24that led to the total loss of the financial strength of the ancient Athenian state,
04:29and totally eliminated Athens as the leading force of the known world at the time.
04:36During November elections of 1920 in Greece, Venizelos lost and resigned.
04:42King Constantine of Greece returned to power.
04:44At the time, George Horton wrote to the State Department,
04:47George Horton, the overthrow of Venizelos,
04:50the Greek statesman of great devotion to Europe and United States will mark the beginning of the end.
04:55He was right.
04:56The British took back their word and withdrew all agreements that they had made with Venizelos.
05:00The excuse that Winston Churchill gave in his speeches was that Great Britain would not help the Greeks in Smyrna,
05:06and they would not give Cyprus to Greece because King Constantine returned to power.
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