Scientists and archaeologists have uncovered a treasure chest made from a metal NOT found on Earth… and that's just the beginning. From alien-like artifacts to impossible ancient tools, these discoveries are raising serious questions about our history—and maybe even our origins.
⚠️ Could ancient civilizations have had access to extraterrestrial materials? Or is there something even stranger going on?
🧩 Join us as we explore the most unusual, mysterious, and unexplained discoveries that science still can't fully explain.
👇 Tell us which one shocked you the most in the comments!
👍 Like this video if you love mysterious history!
🔔 Subscribe for more real-life ancient mysteries! Animation is created by Bright Side.
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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
⚠️ Could ancient civilizations have had access to extraterrestrial materials? Or is there something even stranger going on?
🧩 Join us as we explore the most unusual, mysterious, and unexplained discoveries that science still can't fully explain.
👇 Tell us which one shocked you the most in the comments!
👍 Like this video if you love mysterious history!
🔔 Subscribe for more real-life ancient mysteries! Animation is created by Bright Side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/
Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV
Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our Social Media:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightplanet/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en
Stock materials (photos, footages and other):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
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FunTranscript
00:00Okay, what if I tell you that the extraterrestrials we all imagine as little green men may actually
00:07look like very normal earthlings and chill in Europe?
00:12This is the Iberian Peninsula, and people living there are under suspicion.
00:19Here's the reason.
00:21Somehow, parts of the most important artifacts that the Iberian civilization called Treasure
00:26of Volena are made of metal that simply can't be found on Earth, because it's metal from
00:32a meteorite.
00:33Now let's tackle this step by step.
00:36This is the artifact itself, and it's composed of 59 different objects.
00:41Bowls, bottles, and bracelets.
00:44Hmm, is there a pattern there with all those bees?
00:47In total, the find weighs around 20 pounds, of which 18 pounds are 23 and a half carat gold.
00:54Now, if you're not a metal specialist, I'll clarify it for you right away.
00:59For comparison, 23 karat gold is 95.8% pure gold, so 23 and a half carat is even purer.
01:09The remaining percentage goes to other metals to help add strength and durability to the
01:14precious alloy.
01:15There was also silver, iron, and amber in that set.
01:19The artifact could have been pretty straightforward, but for these two, let's call them imposters.
01:26Look at this wrought iron bracelet and this hollow hemisphere.
01:29Can you see that?
01:30Those rusty lines on the hemisphere and the overall weird color of the bracelet do stand
01:36out, since everything else is made of purest gold.
01:39This all started back in 1963, when a researcher noticed a dark leaden metal among the shiny
01:47bowls and bottles.
01:48The metal was shiny in some areas, and covered with a ferrous-looking oxide that was mostly
01:53cracked.
01:54Now, just so you understand, gold does not usually act this way.
01:58Gold is one of the least reactive of all metals, so it won't even tarnish, let alone rust.
02:03To figure out where this suspicious iron came from, researcher turned to mass spectrometry,
02:11which checks out the mass-to-charge ratio of molecules.
02:15Their findings show that the nickel in the iron is similar to that found in meteoritic iron.
02:21Simply put, the bracelet and the hemisphere are of extraterrestrial origin.
02:27Now, the exact age of the trove is hard to determine, yet it's crucial.
02:32We need to know the exact age to see if it coincides with the start of the Iron Age in the Iberian
02:38Peninsula.
02:39If it does, then no further questions here.
02:43But if it doesn't, well, it's, at the very least, weird, if not suspicious.
02:49So there's this three-age system.
02:51It comprises the Stone Age, then the Bronze Age, and then the Iron Age.
02:56The Stone Age is of no importance here.
02:58So let's compare the Bronze and the Iron Ages.
03:03The Bronze Age began when it was realized that combining copper and tin produced a material
03:08that was more durable than either metal alone.
03:11This era was all about major upgrades in tools and weapons.
03:16But two standout inventions were riding systems and the wheel.
03:20Then came the Iron Age.
03:23This time was all about slowly bringing iron into everyday life.
03:27Iron was way easier to shape into cool designs than bronze.
03:32Now, this was a big deal.
03:34Because iron, especially transformed into steel, provided significant improvements in all aspects of life.
03:41Tools became lighter, cheaper, and stronger compared to their bronze equivalents.
03:45You get it?
03:46Good.
03:46So, researchers have long debated whether the treasure dates back to the post-Argaric era or the latter part of the Bronze Age.
03:56The most recent study claims that those artifacts were created in 1400 to 1200 BCE.
04:02And something really doesn't add up.
04:05First off, the Iron Age began around 500 years after these artifacts were crafted.
04:10Plus, ancient craftsmen couldn't know back then how to work with metals that landed on Earth approximately 1 million years ago.
04:18And while the dates are really hard to explain, there is a logical explanation for the craftsmanship.
04:24The theory here is that those metal workers simply had access to the fallen meteorite.
04:30And thus, they could study it well and discover its properties before using it for decorative purposes.
04:36They could have figured it out through trial and error.
04:39And once they knew exactly how to work with this extraterrestrial metal, they proceeded to adorn the artifacts with it.
04:46Plus, there were the Phoenicians, who contributed to their craftsmanship.
04:50Now, it's true that the Iberian people have been processing metal and making pottery long before the Phoenicians settled on the peninsula.
04:59But the arrival of new metalworking techniques and the introduction of the potter's wheel enabled them to produce better quality goods much faster than before.
05:10So, we've figured out the extraterrestrial origins of the Iberian artifacts.
05:15But guess what?
05:16This area is still under suspicion.
05:18The reason for that is the language they spoke.
05:23You see, for most modern languages people use today, there will always be some proto-language.
05:30Say, for Italian, Spanish, and French, it's Latin, hence their similarities.
05:35But wait!
05:36Iberian was largely spoken where modern Spain is.
05:40So why isn't Spanish similar to it?
05:43Well, the truth is, no language today is similar to the Iberian.
05:47Maybe only the Basque language, but it's because of some similarities found in their numerical systems.
05:54Basque is classified as a language isolate, or simply unrelated to any other known languages, and the only language isolate in Europe.
06:03The Iberian language is unclassified.
06:07While the scripts written in it have been deciphered to various extents, the language itself remains largely unknown.
06:13And look at the alphabet the Iberians had.
06:17Looks like it doesn't really belong to our planet.
06:19But hold up.
06:21This one might be a bit of a stretch.
06:23When the Phoenicians came to the peninsula, they brought along their alphabet to the Iberians.
06:28But honestly, the Iberians probably weren't keen on just copying someone else's writing system.
06:34So they tweaked it until it looked completely different.
06:38Let's just say they took some inspiration and ran with it.
06:42While linguists can guess to some extent how most characters sounded, actually translating the language is still completely impossible.
06:51The Iberian language was non-Indo-European and faded away over 2,000 years ago.
06:58And there aren't any similar languages left to help us out.
07:02Super frustrating, right?
07:04Yeah.
07:04We got over 2,000 Iberian inscriptions from tombs, coins, potteries, lead plates, and even cave wall carvings.
07:13But aside from a handful of words, we're totally in the dark about what they mean.
07:19Now, if we could understand their language, we might have learned that they were great thinkers and all.
07:24But we can only contemplate the works of art they left.
07:28Iberian culture has a lot of amazing stuff made by talented artisans.
07:33We're talking about not just metalwork and ceramics, but also detailed sculptures, textiles, jewelry, and other personal bling.
07:42But here's the catch.
07:45Making all those luxury items depended a lot on a big farming class.
07:50At the heart of Iberian society, most folks were involved in farming and taking care of livestock.
07:55Depending on where you were, the types of farming varied.
08:00For example, up in the north, they were all about growing grains.
08:04While down in Valencia, they focused on producing olive oil and other agricultural aspects.
08:09In the west, raising animals was the name of the game.
08:12Still, we don't have much information about the day-to-day lives of the many people doing this essential work.
08:20Yet, on the flip side, we know a lot about the upper class of Iberian society,
08:26who control these agricultural resources and hire the artisans.
08:29By the 7th century BCE, we start to see a group of Iberian princes who were living the good life,
08:37trading with the Phoenicians, and enjoying fancy luxury items.
08:41You can spot this elite class in their burial practices.
08:46Cremation was the go-to method for funerals among the Iberians,
08:50and wealthy individuals were often found in cemeteries with all sorts of lavish goods and funerary sculptures
08:57that give us a peek into the fashion and hairstyles of the rich.
09:01Interestingly, starting in the 6th century BCE,
09:05there was a noticeable drop in the number of recognizable burials,
09:09which suggests that these elaborate funeral customs became more exclusive to a small elite.
09:14Meanwhile, the fate of the majority — farmers, artisans, soldiers, and laborers
09:20who made up a big chunk of the population — remains a bit of a mystery.
09:25It used to be a pretty advanced civilization, but it vanished without a trace.
09:31Researchers think it could have been due to some massive earthquake.
09:34But so far, we don't know for sure.
09:40There you are, trekking across a desert on foot.
09:43It's hot, you're terribly thirsty, and now you gotta walk around this stupid wall.
09:49Wait, a wall in the middle of a sandy, lifeless nowhere?
09:53Exactly! A wall in the northern Saudi desert.
09:57Archaeologists have just made a super exciting discovery,
10:00and what they found was not just a single wall.
10:03No, it was a whole ancient walled city that might date back to 2400 BCE.
10:09They think this place was home to around 500 people and could have been used for a thousand years.
10:15This discovery is groundbreaking.
10:17It means that the area could have been way more advanced than anyone expected.
10:22This city was well-organized, with different zones for living,
10:25towers and strong walls for protection,
10:27and different sections for all kinds of daily life.
10:30This ancient city, now called Al-Natah, was basically an oasis town.
10:35And it's great, since it can give us a peek into what life might have been like in this desert thousands of years ago.
10:42Apparently, they had clearly separated areas,
10:45like residential sections, a cemetery, farmland, and even a town center.
10:50This oasis city, found in the Kaibar area,
10:53is the first big organized settlement from the 2nd or 3rd millennium BCE
10:57that researchers have uncovered in northwestern Arabia.
11:01The first surveys show that this town, which covered about 6 acres,
11:05had several districts, including the residential area, the cemetery, and the legal one, with courts.
11:11The houses were set up in neat rows, all connected by small roads.
11:16Those streets kept the residential area separate from the rest of the town.
11:20Back then, most people in this region were nomadic herders, always moving around.
11:25But archaeologists have been sure that during the Bronze Age,
11:29northwest Arabia had small walled towns and oasis centers scattered across it.
11:35These connected oasis towns were unique,
11:37offering secure places for people to live, store goods, and trade.
11:41They started showing the beginnings of urban planning,
11:44which hints that people of that time were already starting to settle down
11:48and organize communities more seriously.
11:51The research team estimated that there were about 50 homes in Al-Natal.
11:55But that number could go up to 70 as they keep digging.
11:59They think that a few hundred people lived there.
12:02And probably one of the coolest things is that some houses went up to 3 stories tall.
12:07Built on a slope near a couple of major trade routes,
12:10this city was set up in a prime spot.
12:13Now, one of the most impressive things about this place is its water supply.
12:19The oasis had springs and aquifers, which are underground water sources,
12:23and such conditions were perfect for farming.
12:26Those water sources meant residents could grow their own food,
12:30making the town self-sufficient.
12:32The outer walls probably helped control who could enter the town
12:35and get access to its resources.
12:37This settled way of life was an impressive shift from nomadic living
12:42to a more agro-pastoral lifestyle,
12:44which means a mix of farming and herding animals.
12:48Another find that supports this theory is a bunch of tools,
12:52like grinding stones, mortars, and pestles, discovered inside the town.
12:56People there must have ground grains and prepared food.
13:00They had a diet of cereals, meat, and milk from animals they raised themselves.
13:04These astonishing findings show that the inhabitants of the town
13:08could easily feed themselves and were surprisingly advanced for that time.
13:13Thanks to better access to Saudi Arabia in the past couple of decades,
13:17archaeologists now have a much clearer picture
13:19of what life there was like thousands of years ago.
13:22The most exciting thing is that Al-Natar
13:25might have been part of a whole network of similar fortified oasis towns
13:29spread across the region,
13:31and all of these connected sites could show us
13:34how trade routes and small settlements
13:36worked together at that time in that arid area.
13:40Now, at the same time,
13:41this recent discovery isn't the only one
13:44that has the scientific world buzzing with excitement.
13:47How about we visit Egypt and see for ourselves?
13:50After all, archaeologists have just found a stash
13:53of ancient Egyptian and Greek treasure underwater.
13:56They were exploring the lost city of Thonis Heraklion
14:00off the coast of Egypt,
14:02which sank more than 1,000 years ago.
14:04This city was legendary,
14:06and nobody even knew where it was
14:08until it was rediscovered in 2000.
14:11Now, they're uncovering more and more,
14:13and on this dive,
14:14they found a pile of gold and silver treasures.
14:17Those were probably used in rituals
14:19to bless Egyptian pharaohs when they took the throne.
14:22The researchers even found an ancient Greek temple
14:25dedicated to Aphrodite
14:27and some super-old Greek weapons.
14:30Frank Gaudio, the lead archaeologist,
14:33said it was astonishing
14:34that those delicate objects
14:35had survived the disaster that brought the city down.
14:39Back in its prime,
14:40Thonis Heraklion was one of the biggest port cities
14:43in the Mediterranean.
14:44It was a huge center of social life
14:46and was the main entry point
14:48for ships from Greece coming into Egypt.
14:50But tragically, due to rising waters,
14:53earthquakes, and a catastrophic tidal wave,
14:56the soil underneath the city
14:57literally turned into mush.
14:59And then the entire city sank into the Mediterranean.
15:03It was forgotten until Gaudio's team founded in 2000.
15:07Since then, they've been uncovering new parts of the city
15:10and piecing together its history little by little.
15:13If a lost underwater city doesn't seem impressive enough,
15:17we can travel to the Amazon.
15:18The discovery made there is truly mind-boggling.
15:22For centuries, people have talked about lost cities
15:25deep in the Amazon, like El Dorado,
15:27that mythical city of gold
15:29that lured Spanish explorers into the jungle.
15:32A lot of them never came back.
15:34Then, in the 1900s,
15:36a British explorer named Percy Fawcett
15:38went searching for what he called
15:40the lost city of Z,
15:42and he too disappeared.
15:44But now, finally,
15:46scientists have actually found proof
15:48that those lost cities in the Amazon
15:50were real all along.
15:52A team of scientists use a tech called LIDAR,
15:55which basically allows you to see through thick jungle
15:58from above by bouncing light beams off the ground.
16:01They flew over the jungle in Bolivia
16:03in a helicopter about 650 feet up
16:05and mapped out those hidden ancient cities.
16:08What they found were ruins of a huge urban settlement
16:12built by the Kassarabi people
16:13who lived there from 500 to 1400 CE.
16:17And it wasn't just a couple of buildings here and there.
16:20No, the LIDAR maps revealed massive urban centers,
16:24pyramids, platforms, roads, canals, and causeways
16:27all carefully laid out.
16:30Turns out the Amazon wasn't just an untouched jungle.
16:33It was once home to big, complex cities.
16:36A scientist from the German Archaeological Institute
16:39explained that Europeans had long ignored
16:42the possibility of ancient Amazonian cities,
16:45but the LIDAR maps showed they were wrong.
16:48The new maps have revealed 26 sites,
16:50including 11 that no one even knew existed.
16:54Researchers have discovered two main city sites,
16:56Landivar, and Kotoka.
16:59They had massive moat causeways
17:01stretching out like spokes on a wheel,
17:03linking the main cities
17:04with smaller surrounding settlements.
17:07Some of the canals even connected the cities
17:08to rivers and a big lake,
17:10which allowed water to flow through the area.
17:13Over the years, scientists found scattered ruins
17:16all over this region.
17:18But the thick jungle made it nearly impossible
17:20to connect the dots and see if or how they were related.
17:24With LIDAR, the whole layout came to life,
17:27showing that those sites were part
17:29of a much larger organized urban system.
17:32It's now also clear that the sites had a greater meaning,
17:36since everything is lined up in a way
17:38that could be symbolic of the spiritual beliefs
17:40of the inhabitants.
17:42The Qasarabi culture isn't as famous as the Maya,
17:45but they had a thriving society
17:47in an area that faced huge challenges,
17:49like yearly flooding.
17:51And although the nearby Andes
17:53had their own monumental sites,
17:56the Qasarabi were doing something absolutely unique.
17:59They even had reservoirs to store water,
18:02which suggests they might have been dealing
18:03with occasional droughts,
18:05which is pretty unusual for the Amazon.
18:07Actually, those terrible droughts
18:09could be why the Qasarabi eventually
18:11left their cities around 1400 CE.
18:14In 1936, British Egyptologist Walter Bryan Emery
18:20found a small object in the desert
18:23that made people debate
18:24whether it was an elaborate stone model
18:26of a flying saucer
18:28or even a hyperdrive from a spaceship
18:31that belonged to some advanced civilization
18:33that visited the Earth.
18:36Emery spent years excavating sites
18:38along the Nile River Valley,
18:40especially in the huge ancient necropolis of Saqqara.
18:44He found countless treasures from ancient Egypt,
18:47and the most bizarre one
18:48was definitely from the tomb
18:50of a high official, Sabu.
18:52Historians don't know exactly who he was for sure.
18:56Some sources say he was a king's son.
18:59His burial at Saqqara means
19:00he was an important figure in the royal court.
19:03There are no records from this early period he lived in,
19:06so Sabu's role and fate are still a mystery.
19:11Inside his tomb,
19:12scientists found seven funerary chambers,
19:15each filled with traditional grave goods,
19:19animal bones,
19:20flint tools,
19:22pottery,
19:24ivory objects,
19:25and stone bowls.
19:27And then there was a strange,
19:30broken artifact
19:31that became famous as the disc of Sabu.
19:34It resembles a shallow, round-bottom bowl,
19:37but with three delicately carved, curved lobes
19:40spaced roughly 120 degrees apart
19:43around its perimeter.
19:45These lobes are separated by three holes,
19:48and at the center, there's a thin tube.
19:51The material used to build the disc
19:54is meta-silt stone, or schist.
19:57This type of rock is fragile,
19:59highly porous,
20:00and super difficult to carve.
20:03It flakes easily
20:04and crumbles under pressure.
20:06So how they made the disc out of it
20:09with rather simple stone and copper tools
20:11from 3000 BCE
20:13is still a mystery.
20:15The next big question
20:17is why they decided to bury Sabu with it.
20:21Perhaps if we knew its true purpose,
20:24it would make more sense.
20:26When it was first discovered,
20:27archaeologists thought
20:28it was nothing more than a vase,
20:30an incense burner,
20:31or a ceremonial decoration.
20:33But those who took a closer look
20:35from the point of view of an engineer
20:36decided it could actually be
20:39a component of a larger mechanism.
20:42An amateur historian
20:44made an exact copy of the artifact
20:46with a 3D printer.
20:47And it turned out
20:48that the disc of Sabu
20:50was an ancient impeller,
20:51a crucial part of a centrifugal pump.
20:54When they put it in a housing
20:56and span at high speeds
20:57using the small central shaft,
21:00the disc was able to displace water.
21:03When it was tested without a housing,
21:05the disc created a powerful vortex.
21:08It became clear
21:09that the curved lobes
21:11and slightly concave shape of the disc
21:13weren't random.
21:15It was probably all engineered
21:17to move water
21:18with remarkable efficiency,
21:19like a powerful pump mechanism.
21:23Ancient Egypt's entire civilization
21:25depended on irrigation.
21:27Later dynasties
21:28perfected basin irrigation
21:30and managed to control
21:31the rise and fall of the Nile
21:33to take the most from agriculture.
21:35So, the engineers of the first dynasty
21:39may have been experimenting
21:41with advanced irrigation techniques
21:43thousands of years earlier
21:44than scientists previously thought.
21:47But then again,
21:49some people have doubts
21:50schist is strong enough
21:52to be used for a pumping mechanism.
21:54They suggest that artisans
21:56from Egypt's first dynasty
21:57were trying to recreate
21:59an even older object
22:00using whatever tools
22:02and materials they had.
22:04It could be a stone replica
22:05of something originally made
22:07from metal,
22:08possibly belonging
22:09to a civilization far older
22:11and more advanced
22:12than ancient Egypt itself.
22:15One Swiss author
22:16takes this idea even further
22:18and proposes that the disc
22:20is a copy of a component
22:22from an extraterrestrial
22:23spaceship's hyperdrive
22:24or stone model
22:26of a flying saucer.
22:27One French researcher
22:30believes the disc of Sabu
22:31was part of a secret
22:33massive factory system
22:34to manufacture sodium carbon
22:36inside pyramids.
22:38Some people suggest
22:39that the disc may have been
22:40a primitive tool
22:41for weaving ropes.
22:44The lobes held strands
22:45of silk or fiber
22:46that were twisted into twine
22:48when it was spun.
22:49Or, it may have been
22:51a gigantic lamp.
22:54Another historical mystery
22:56is a map from 1513
22:58that is believed to be
22:59the oldest surviving
23:00detailed map
23:01showing the Americas.
23:03The author of the map
23:04is a Turkish captain,
23:06Piri Rees.
23:07He never crossed
23:09the ocean himself
23:09and put together this map
23:11from 20 regional maps.
23:14He used an Arab map
23:15of India,
23:16four Portuguese maps
23:18showing India and China,
23:20and a map of America
23:21by Christopher Columbus
23:23as he saw it.
23:24This last map
23:25was lost for many years.
23:28So, Rees' map
23:29gave us an idea
23:30of what Columbus
23:31must have recorded
23:32during his third voyage
23:33to the New World.
23:35A historian
23:36who studied the map
23:37suggested that it
23:38showed Antarctica
23:39in prehistoric times
23:41because it strangely
23:42resembled
23:43Antarctica's true coastline
23:45the way it looked
23:46when it was free of ice.
23:47But it was later proven
23:49that this idea
23:50wasn't right.
23:51Another idea
23:54that rocked
23:54the science world
23:55was Klerksdorp's spheres.
23:57They were found
23:57in deposits
23:58of mineral paraphthalate
23:59in South Africa
24:00and looked like
24:02tiny ancient cricket balls
24:03with lines
24:04around the middle.
24:06Back in the 1980s,
24:08there was a theory
24:08that some super-advanced
24:10pre-flood civilization
24:11we know nothing about
24:13had made these spheres.
24:15One journalist
24:16shared stories
24:17about how they rotated
24:18on their own
24:19in a display case.
24:22There was also
24:23a TV show
24:24that invited a psychic
24:25who was telling everyone
24:26the spheres
24:27were pieces
24:28of an ancient spaceship.
24:30But,
24:30according to geologists,
24:32these spheres
24:32are pretty regular
24:33spherical objects
24:34formed from different minerals
24:36than the surrounding rock.
24:39The seam-like lines
24:40on them
24:41are just imprints
24:42from the host rock's layers
24:43building up over time.
24:45The Klerksdorp spheres
24:46come in different shapes,
24:48from flattened spheres
24:49to distinct disks.
24:52As for that episode,
24:53when one of these spheres
24:54spun on its own,
24:56the curator
24:56of the Klerksdorp Museum
24:58cleared that up too.
25:00He said that
25:00when he put one sphere
25:02on its glass shelf
25:03when the journalist
25:03came to visit,
25:04the sphere rotated a bit
25:06because it's round.
25:07There are some
25:08gold-mining activities
25:09going on nearby,
25:11so the land
25:11where the museum stands
25:12often experiences
25:14earth tremors.
25:15In a remote part of China,
25:18there are some bizarre
25:19pipe-like formations
25:20known as
25:21the Beigon Pipes.
25:24A local explorer
25:25found them
25:25back in 1996
25:27protruding
25:28from Mount Beigon
25:29and along the shores
25:31of Tosan Lake
25:32nearby.
25:33Some people thought
25:34they were the work
25:35of ancient guests
25:36from other planets.
25:39When scientists
25:40tested samples
25:41of the pipe material,
25:42they found out
25:43that they contained
25:44mostly common minerals,
25:45but there was
25:46a mysterious 8%
25:47of unknown stuff.
25:50Some extra tests
25:51showed that these pipes
25:52had been there
25:53before humans.
25:55Chinese geologists
25:56later visited the site
25:57and suggested
25:58that these pipes
25:59were formed
25:59naturally over time.
26:02It was probably
26:03fossilized tree roots
26:04from the area's
26:05super green past.
26:06It's still a real mystery
26:07with no clear-cut answer.
26:11While digging a trench
26:12along a river in Romania,
26:14workers found a wedge,
26:16which is now famous
26:17as the Aluminum Wedge
26:19of Ajude
26:20or the Object of Ajude.
26:22Right next to it,
26:24there were some
26:24mastodon bones.
26:26Those distant relatives
26:27of elephants
26:28lived 11,000 years ago.
26:30So some people concluded
26:32the wedge
26:32is of the same age.
26:35The cool part
26:35is that it's made
26:36of aluminum,
26:37but this metal
26:38wasn't discovered
26:39until the 1800s.
26:40This material
26:42requires serious heat
26:43to produce.
26:45The wedge
26:46is said to be covered
26:47in a thick layer
26:48of oxide
26:48that's been sitting there
26:49for hundreds of years.
26:52Some folks believe
26:53this wedge
26:53must have crash-landed
26:55here on a spacecraft
26:56from some other planet.
26:58Some scientists
26:59think it's all a hoax,
27:01and others suppose
27:02it might be
27:03a human-made object
27:04with an unknown purpose.
27:06Scientists have recently
27:10discovered
27:10Leonardo da Vinci's
27:12hidden passages
27:12under a medieval castle
27:14in Italy.
27:15They followed
27:16a newly-found
27:1715th-century sketch
27:18by the creator
27:19of the Mona Lisa
27:20and found one
27:21of the unexplored
27:22architectural wonders
27:23from the age
27:24of the Renaissance.
27:26Construction
27:27of the Sforza Castle
27:28started back in 1358,
27:30but it was destroyed
27:32about a century later
27:33during a local crisis.
27:34Then, in 1450,
27:37Francesco Sforza,
27:38the Duke of Milan,
27:39decided to rebuild it
27:41on the old ruins.
27:42After he passed away,
27:43his son, Ludovico,
27:45took over
27:45and kept improving
27:46the castle.
27:47He brought in
27:48some of the best artists
27:49of the time,
27:50including Leonardo da Vinci,
27:52to decorate its walls.
27:54We can still see
27:54Leonardo's frescoes today
27:56in the Room of Wooden Boards.
27:59While he was working
27:59at the castle,
28:00da Vinci also recorded
28:01some historical
28:02underground passages
28:04hidden beneath
28:05the outer wall.
28:06The drawing,
28:07dated between 1487
28:08and 1490,
28:10was found at the
28:11Institut de France
28:12in Paris.
28:13The sketch
28:13is highly precise,
28:15and it proves
28:16that Leonardo
28:16was really interested
28:17in fortification design
28:19and was great
28:20at documenting
28:21existing structures.
28:23Historical records
28:24show that Ludovico
28:25ordered the building
28:26of an underground passageway
28:28that led straight
28:29to a basilica,
28:30where his wife
28:31was buried.
28:31Ludovico married
28:33Beatrice in 1491,
28:35and they had a happy
28:36but tragically short marriage,
28:38as Beatrice passed away
28:39while giving birth
28:40in 1497.
28:41The duke
28:42locked himself away
28:43for weeks,
28:44grew a beard,
28:45and wore only black clothes
28:47while he was mourning
28:48his beloved wife.
28:49The secret tunnel
28:50may have stretched
28:51over a half a mile
28:52and would let Ludovico
28:54visit her grave
28:55in private.
28:56It could have served
28:57as an escape route
28:58if the castle
28:58was ever under siege.
29:00The existence
29:01of the tunnels
29:01remained one
29:02of the mysteries
29:03of the Renaissance
29:03for years,
29:05as no one knew
29:05for sure they were there.
29:08But now,
29:09scientists finally
29:09uncovered the secret history.
29:11They used a combination
29:12of ground-penetrating radar
29:14and laser scanning
29:15to build up
29:16an accurate 3D model
29:18of all the structures
29:19under the castle.
29:20They found the tunnels
29:21da Vinci alluded to
29:22in his drawings,
29:23and it looks like
29:24they may have only
29:25been a small part
29:26of a whole system
29:28of historical underground passages.
29:30The goal is to create
29:31a complete digital twin
29:33of the castle
29:33that will not only show
29:35all the preserved constructions,
29:37but also the ancient ones
29:38that are no longer visible.
29:40They also plan to add
29:41augmented reality
29:42to the virtual paths
29:44to let visitors discover
29:45Leonardo da Vinci's
29:46hidden passages.
29:48Now, we don't know
29:49if the genius
29:50actually took part
29:51in constructing
29:52the hidden passages
29:53that scientists
29:54recently discovered,
29:55but we do know
29:56about some other
29:57Leonardo da Vinci inventions.
29:59He created the first
30:00satellite-like map
30:01in 1502,
30:03long before photography
30:04or satellites
30:05were even a concept.
30:07A famous figure in Italy,
30:09Cesare Borgia,
30:10invited Leonardo
30:11to a small town
30:12called Imola
30:13near Bologna
30:14to create
30:15a highly detailed map
30:16for him.
30:17Back then,
30:18maps were not
30:18very precise,
30:19as no one had figured out
30:20how to show
30:21exact distances
30:22on a smaller scale.
30:23Instead,
30:25people spent
30:25a lot of time
30:26decorating them
30:27with dragons,
30:28roses,
30:29fancy castles,
30:30mountain ranges,
30:31flowers,
30:31and other artistic details.
30:33These maps
30:34look more like
30:34beautiful paintings
30:35meant to be displayed
30:36rather than
30:37practical tools
30:38for navigation.
30:40But Cesare Borgia
30:41wanted something
30:42truly functional,
30:43and Leonardo
30:43managed to create
30:45something revolutionary
30:46in the field
30:46of cartography.
30:48If you compare
30:49satellite images
30:49of Imola today
30:50with Leonardo's map,
30:52the similarities
30:52are striking.
30:54He captured
30:54every alley,
30:56curve of the streets,
30:57roadways,
30:57and even the exact sizes
30:59of the buildings.
31:00And he did it
31:01all by hand,
31:02using just a pencil,
31:04ruler,
31:04compass,
31:05and several of his own
31:06clever inventions.
31:08To gather
31:08all the necessary data,
31:10the genius walked
31:11through the streets
31:11for weeks
31:12using a large wheel
31:13that spun as he moved,
31:15recording the distance
31:16with a cable.
31:18Using the magnetic compass,
31:19he determined
31:20precise directions.
31:21He also developed
31:23a tool called
31:24the busola,
31:25which measured angles
31:26inside a circle.
31:27With this,
31:28he could track
31:28the exact turns
31:29of each street
31:30and the size
31:31of the intersections.
31:32He figured out
31:33the distances
31:34between houses
31:35and major roads.
31:36Then,
31:37back at home,
31:38he used his notes
31:38and calculations
31:39to draw the map
31:40to scale
31:41with incredible precision.
31:43In his work,
31:44da Vinci also used
31:45a technique
31:46developed by
31:47Florentine humanist
31:48Leon Battista Alberti.
31:50He created
31:51a mapping method
31:52where you could
31:52place an entire city
31:54inside a circle
31:55using polar coordinates.
31:57At the center
31:57of the city,
31:58eight straight lines met,
32:00representing the main
32:01directions of a compass.
32:02Leonardo used
32:03this system
32:04to divide the town
32:05into eight sections.
32:06He didn't overlook
32:07even the smallest buildings,
32:09which made his map
32:10one of the most advanced
32:11of its time.
32:12The Italian genius
32:15had a big dream
32:16to build a machine
32:17that could let people fly.
32:19He studied how birds,
32:20bats,
32:21and kites
32:21moved through the air
32:22and designed
32:23a special flying machine.
32:25He believed
32:26that if he could
32:27copy their movements,
32:28humans might be able
32:29to soar like them.
32:31Da Vinci's design
32:32looked a lot like a bat
32:33with two large pointed wings
32:35that stretched
32:35over 33 feet wide.
32:38He planned to build
32:39the frame
32:39from lightweight pine wood
32:40and cover it
32:41with raw silk
32:42to make it strong
32:43but not too heavy.
32:45The person flying it
32:46would lie on their stomach
32:47on a wooden board
32:48in the center.
32:49To make the wings flap,
32:50the pilot had to pedal
32:51a crank with their feet,
32:53which was connected
32:54to a system of rods
32:55and pulleys.
32:56There was also
32:57a hand crank
32:57for extra power
32:58and even a headpiece
33:00to help steer.
33:01As the person
33:02moved their hands and feet,
33:03the wings would flap
33:04and twist,
33:05just like a bird's.
33:06But there was
33:07one big problem.
33:09Humans aren't strong enough
33:10to make the machine
33:11lift off the ground.
33:13Even though it might have
33:14worked once in the air,
33:15there was no way
33:16for a person
33:16to get it flying
33:17on their own.
33:18Leonardo probably realized this,
33:20but his amazing idea
33:22still inspired
33:23flying machines
33:24that came centuries later.
33:27Da Vinci was way ahead
33:28of his time
33:29with many of his inventions,
33:30but his idea
33:31for a humanoid robot
33:32was especially futuristic.
33:35He was working
33:35under the patronage
33:36of the Sforza family,
33:38the one that had
33:39those ancient tunnels
33:40of Italy built.
33:41The genius designed
33:42a mechanical knight
33:43that could move its arms,
33:45turn its neck,
33:46and even open
33:47and close its mouth.
33:49Da Vinci had good knowledge
33:50of anatomy
33:51and the mechanics
33:52of body movements
33:52that helped him.
33:54His unusual creation
33:55used an external system
33:56of cables.
33:58A hand crank
33:58set it in motion,
34:00and there was also
34:00an internal gear-driven mechanism.
34:03About 450 years later,
34:05Da Vinci's detailed sketches
34:06of the robotic knight
34:07were rediscovered
34:09in the 1950s.
34:10Several researchers
34:11tried to recreate
34:12the robot
34:13from those sketches.
34:14In 2002,
34:15a roboticist
34:16who developed systems
34:17for NASA
34:18and Lockheed Martin
34:19took inspiration
34:20from the old notes
34:21and built a functioning model
34:23of Da Vinci's robotic knight.
34:25Another design
34:27Leonardo created
34:28for Duke Sforza
34:29was a special kind
34:30of bridge
34:30that could be taken apart
34:32and carried easily.
34:33It was made
34:34for defense forces
34:35who needed to cross rivers
34:36or moats while traveling.
34:38This bridge
34:39would swing across the water
34:40and land on the other side.
34:42It had wheels
34:43and used a rope
34:44and pulley system
34:45so it could be set up quickly
34:46and packed away
34:47just as fast.
34:49To keep it steady,
34:50it even had a special weight
34:51to help balance it.
34:53Leonardo wrote in his notes
34:54that the bridge
34:55was light yet strong,
34:57and he designed
34:57several bridges
34:58like this for the Duke.
35:00One of his other designs
35:01was a bridge
35:02that could be built
35:03very quickly,
35:04and the defense forces
35:05would move across
35:06multiple rivers.
35:07As scientists
35:08continue to study
35:09Leonardo da Vinci's
35:11hidden passages,
35:12they reveal new chapters
35:13in human history.
35:15Who knows
35:15what other unexplored
35:17architectural structures
35:18they will find.
35:21They say this place
35:23is swarming with money.
35:24It's been stored there
35:25for centuries,
35:26but no one managed
35:27to take it away
35:28from this island.
35:29Treasure hunters
35:30have been bewitched
35:31with this place
35:32since 1795.
35:36Many people have tried
35:37their luck
35:38looking for the treasure
35:39that could be hidden there
35:40by the Spanish pirates
35:41or even by the Knights Templar.
35:43But today,
35:44it's impossible to get there
35:46as it's a private place,
35:47so all you can do
35:49is book an ocean tour
35:50around this island.
35:51Otherwise,
35:52you can take a peek at it
35:53in a TV reality show
35:55starring the Lajina brothers,
35:57Rick and Marty,
35:58who are a team
35:58of enthusiasts
35:59looking for the treasures
36:00of Oak Island
36:01in Nova Scotia, Canada.
36:04Yeah,
36:04seems like there's no place
36:05where TV producers
36:06can't get to.
36:09One of the most famous
36:10discoveries out there
36:11was the so-called
36:12Money Pit.
36:14Despite the promising name,
36:15it wasn't full of money.
36:17Now we have to jump
36:18to 200 years ago.
36:20The Money Pit
36:20was first found
36:21by a 16-year-old kid
36:23in 1795.
36:24One day,
36:26Daniel McGinnis
36:27went fishing at Oak Island.
36:29He saw a tree there.
36:30Unsurprisingly,
36:31it was an oak
36:32and it had weird markings.
36:34They didn't seem
36:35to be natural,
36:36so Daniel decided
36:37to check the area.
36:39He then saw
36:39a sunken patch of ground
36:41and started digging
36:42immediately.
36:43His two friends
36:44helped him out,
36:45but instead of treasures,
36:46the guys only found logs
36:48placed underground
36:49at regular intervals.
36:51It looked like a place
36:52where someone
36:52could hide money
36:53or jewels,
36:54but nothing precious
36:55was found.
36:57However,
36:58there was something
36:59curious down that pit.
37:01Someone found
37:02a granite stone there,
37:04and it had an engraved
37:05inscription on it.
37:06There were many attempts
37:07to decode it,
37:08but most of them
37:09ended up in failure.
37:11There's one translation,
37:12though,
37:12and it says,
37:1440 feet below,
37:152 million pounds
37:16are buried.
37:18Yeah,
37:18McGinnis and his friends
37:20should have dug harder.
37:21The next fun thing
37:23about the money pit
37:24is the coconut fiber
37:26found down there.
37:27They say that large amounts
37:29of this fiber
37:29were found
37:30at a depth
37:30of 60 feet.
37:32It may not surprise you,
37:34but I have to remind you
37:35of one thing.
37:36Oak Island
37:36is in Nova Scotia,
37:38Canada.
37:39Coconut trees
37:40do not grow there.
37:41The nearest one
37:42is about 1,500 miles
37:43from Nova Scotia,
37:45which makes it obvious
37:46that someone brought
37:47this fiber purposefully.
37:49researchers came up
37:50with an idea
37:51that coconut fiber
37:52could have been used
37:53to make ropes
37:54and lower all the treasures
37:56down the pit.
37:58Next up,
37:59we have not one,
38:01but two mysteries.
38:03In the late 1800s,
38:04the Oak Island
38:05Treasure Company
38:06was thoroughly inspecting
38:07and excavating
38:08the island.
38:09Everyone believed
38:10something enormous
38:11was hidden there.
38:12These guys managed
38:13to drill 153 feet
38:15underground.
38:16That's like 15 stop signs
38:18stacked one on top
38:19of the other.
38:20You might have guessed
38:21that they didn't find
38:22pounds of gold
38:23and diamonds,
38:24but they found
38:25a manuscript.
38:26There's a theory
38:26claiming that it's
38:27one of Shakespeare's
38:28lost manuscripts.
38:30Some scientists
38:31believe that it was
38:32hidden there
38:32by the writer
38:33and scientist
38:34Francis Bacon,
38:35the true author
38:36of Shakespeare's works.
38:38Yeah,
38:38rumor has it
38:39it was Francis
38:40and not William
38:41who wrote
38:41all the plays
38:42and sonnets,
38:43but there's no proof
38:44it was really so.
38:46The money pit
38:47may be the most
38:48popular shaft
38:49on Oak Island,
38:50but it's not
38:51the only one
38:51and it's not
38:52the first.
38:53Before the money pit
38:54discovery,
38:55treasure hunters
38:56were drilling
38:56at Smith's Cove.
38:58While damning there,
38:59they found
39:00a wooden piece.
39:01It was a U-shaped
39:02formation that had
39:03Roman numerals.
39:04After a more
39:05thorough inspection,
39:06the specialists realized
39:08it was supposedly
39:09dated to 1769.
39:11The money pit
39:12was discovered
39:1226 years later.
39:13This fact
39:15created many
39:15speculations
39:16that this structure
39:17might have been
39:18part of the real
39:19shaft with treasures
39:20everyone was
39:21looking for.
39:22Now,
39:23look at this
39:24Templar coin.
39:25It wasn't the
39:26first discovery
39:27on the island,
39:28but it was crucial
39:29in some way.
39:30Even if it may not
39:31sound like a big deal
39:32today,
39:33in medieval times,
39:34those coins
39:35would amass
39:35an insane amount
39:36of wealth.
39:37They were typically
39:38stored in European
39:39fortresses.
39:40For the treasure
39:41hunters,
39:42this coin was
39:42a sure sign
39:43there was more
39:44to be found
39:45on the island.
39:46The logic is simple.
39:47If there's one coin
39:48of that kind,
39:49there must be
39:50something else.
39:51And they were right.
39:53It wasn't the only
39:54Templar discovery.
39:55On the southwest
39:56shore of the island,
39:57a crossbow bolt
39:58was found.
39:59Experts say
40:00it dates back
40:01to the 13th century.
40:02But,
40:03once again,
40:04that wasn't something
40:05the treasure hunters
40:06were after.
40:07Some more coins
40:08were found on the island.
40:09Rick and Marty Lagina
40:11retrieved this precious
40:12piece from a swamp.
40:14The coin is made
40:14of copper,
40:15and this time,
40:16it originated
40:17from Spain.
40:18When it was found,
40:19the Lagina brothers
40:20could only see
40:21the number 8
40:22engraved on it.
40:23But later on,
40:24some experts
40:25studied this coin
40:26and claimed
40:27it was made
40:27sometime around
40:28the 17th century.
40:30They managed
40:30to clean it well
40:31and saw the date
40:321652
40:34engraved on the
40:35back of this coin.
40:36There's a theory
40:37stating that
40:37Spanish explorers
40:38found some treasure
40:39but hid it
40:40instead of taking
40:41it to the king.
40:43So maybe,
40:44this coin just
40:45dropped out of the chest
40:46full of coins
40:47and jewels
40:47and is part of the treasure
40:49everyone was after.
40:51Or,
40:51someone could have
40:52accidentally lost it
40:53while looking for the treasure.
40:54Who knows?
40:57One more famous
40:58treasure hunter
40:59is Gary Drayton.
41:01Gary and his team,
41:02together with Rick Lagina,
41:03came across two coins
41:05while metal detecting
41:05the island.
41:06Those were
41:0717th century
41:08King Charles II
41:09Britannia coins.
41:11One of them
41:12had a very clear
41:12inscription on it,
41:14stating that the coin
41:15was minted
41:15back in 1771.
41:19Another swamp treasure
41:20of possibly
41:21Spanish origin
41:22is also here.
41:24This time,
41:24it's a silver ring.
41:26A specialist
41:27studied it closely
41:28and reported
41:29that it had been
41:29repaired twice.
41:31The ring
41:32was once made bigger
41:33and it was also
41:34made smaller ones.
41:35It's decorated
41:36with a floral design
41:38which was popular
41:39in Europe
41:39in the 1730s.
41:42Among all the other
41:43curious things,
41:44Rick and Marty Lagina
41:45found a silver button
41:47at Isaac Point.
41:49The button's
41:49pretty old.
41:50It supposedly
41:51dates back
41:52to the middle
41:52of the 18th century
41:53and the notorious
41:55money pit
41:55was discovered later.
41:57This is why
41:58it wasn't a big deal
41:59of a find.
42:00It could simply
42:00belong to some
42:01farmer
42:02peacefully
42:03raising livestock
42:03on the island.
42:04There's no
42:05official record
42:06of any chest
42:07full of gems
42:07and coins
42:08found on Oak Island
42:09but enthusiasts
42:11did find
42:11some jewels there.
42:13First off,
42:14the team found
42:15a brooch
42:16with a magnificent
42:17red gem.
42:18They mistakenly
42:19thought it was
42:19a ruby
42:20but a professional
42:21gemologist
42:22stated it was
42:23a garnet.
42:24The piece
42:24was made of silver
42:25and it's pretty old.
42:27Experts believe
42:28it was made
42:28around the 15
42:29or 1600s.
42:31Another brooch
42:32they found
42:32didn't have
42:33any gems on it
42:34but it had
42:35an intricate design.
42:36It's a brooch
42:37with a leaf design
42:38and an ornate rope.
42:40There are 13 branches
42:41of the leaf
42:42which instantly
42:43created more mystery
42:44to the whole
42:45treasure hunting.
42:47First off,
42:48there's a carving
42:48with a 13-branched
42:50tree on a rock
42:51on the north shore
42:52of this island.
42:53What's more,
42:54many people believe
42:55that the number 13
42:56is important
42:58to the Knights Templar.
43:00The enthusiasts
43:00also found a brooch
43:02not far away
43:03from the place
43:03where Daniel McGinnis,
43:05the guy who found
43:06the money pit,
43:07lived.
43:07The brooch
43:08was shown
43:08to a professional
43:09gemologist
43:10Charles Luton Brain.
43:12He had to break it
43:13to the team
43:13that there were
43:14no gems
43:15adorning this piece
43:16of jewelry.
43:17In fact,
43:17the stone that seemed
43:18to be a gem
43:19was just a piece
43:20of glass.
43:21It was processed
43:22using a special
43:23technique though,
43:24so it was
43:25leaded glass.
43:26The enthusiasts
43:27decided to study
43:28the brooch even more
43:29and found out
43:30that part of the brooch
43:31was made of gold.
43:33The specialists claim
43:34that the brooch
43:35dates back
43:35to the 14th century.
43:37Was it the treasure
43:38everyone was looking for?
43:40That's it for today.
43:41So hey,
43:42if you pacified
43:43your curiosity,
43:44then give the video
43:44a like and share it
43:45with your friends.
43:46Or if you want more,
43:47just click on these videos
43:48and stay on the bright side.