Horizon 2024
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00:00In Southwest Asia, by the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea, a little known story of life.
00:30In a land steeped in history, and landscapes shaped through millennia, prepare your senses
00:40for Saudi Arabia's wildest secrets.
01:00In Southwest Asia, by the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, and the U.S.
01:29The Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Gulf, and the U.S.
01:59In the water, a world of wonder thrives.
02:06Families of diverse animals live, travel, hunt, and feed in harmony.
02:15The Red Sea is home to a wealth of marine life.
02:22Nestled in its southeastern corner, the Farrison Islands and their waters are a man and biosphere
02:31program by UNESCO.
02:38This archipelago of around 180 coral islands is protected for its rich biodiversity.
02:45Hidden beneath the surface is an abundance of marine life.
02:52Hidden beneath the surface is an abundance of marine life.
02:59Hidden beneath the surface is an abundance of marine life.
03:00Hidden beneath the surface is an abundance of marine life.
03:06A lost underneath the surface is an abundance of marine life.
03:07Hidden beneath the surface is an abundance of marine country.
03:21presets falar in southern Somersetaf.
03:26From the smallest shores of fish
03:56To the majestic manta ray
03:58Whose wingspan can exceed 6 meters
04:01Possibly one of the most prized sightings underwater
04:13Is the magnificent whale shark
04:16With its delicately spotted markings
04:18Despite only feeding on plankton and small fish
04:22They can grow up to 12 meters in length
04:55Sharks, fast and efficient hunters, feared by some, are also crucial to the stability
05:07of this undersea habitat.
05:25Turtles play an important role in the ecological balance of underwater life.
05:55They feed on a variety of sponges.
05:58If left alone, the sponges can slow and hinder the growth of coral reefs.
06:04As well, the continuous grazing of seagrass in shallow waters keeps it from growing rampant.
06:11Healthy seagrass beds are important for oxygenation and carbon reduction.
06:16Inadvertently, the turtle's diet promotes a healthy ocean life.
06:40Many tropical forests range the southwestern waters of the Jezan region.
06:48Mangroves are an invaluable natural carbon sink, sequestering more carbon per square mile
06:54than tropical forests.
06:58The mangroves also help create sheltered lagoons, and greater flamingos flock here to the shallow
07:04waters in their hundreds to feed and mate.
07:11These are the largest of all flamingos, averaging 1.1 to 1.5 meters tall.
07:20Flamingos are omnivores, and their diet of algae, shrimp, and crustaceans result in their vibrant
07:26pink plumage.
07:33Their method of eating is unique.
07:36With their heads inverted, they work with their bristly tongues.
07:40The bent shape of the bill aids in filtering the mud and silt from their food.
07:58In between their meals, flamingos make their nests of mud.
08:05These low mounds keep the eggs out of the salt water and provide slightly cooler temperatures.
08:14These low mounds keep the eggs out of the water and dry.
08:34In the colder seasons, many of the greater flamingos migrate to warmer climates from
08:50India to southern Africa.
08:53Due to global warming and the climatic changes on our planet, their habitats are becoming
08:57more and more disrupted.
08:59They are forced to move to more favourable habitats.
09:29Arabian gazelle are shy creatures.
09:45This particular subspecies is endemic and rare.
09:50They graze and browse the native plants, adapted perfectly for surviving in this harsh landscape.
10:05Hunted and persecuted for decades, they are nervous animals, always keeping an eye out
10:18of others.
10:19This is getting to be more efficient and on the other side of the아서 to figure out the
10:23figure.
10:24What does this mean?
10:25Emile.
10:27Literation.
10:28We are looking for a kid.
10:30It's the next time we are looking for a bigger and上司.
10:33How do we get a kid who gets to grow?
10:39Think about it.
10:40Remember to be able to get to a beach museum?
10:43The mangroves are awesome.
11:13The mangroves are also home to the pink-backed pelican.
11:17They're gregarious and live in colonies.
11:19Their nests are strong and durable, often lasting years,
11:23and are made in the safety and security of the treetops.
11:43The pelicans take to the air to find their food and scan with their keen eyesight.
11:52Their fishing technique is to hunt singly or in groups.
11:56When on the water, they stab with their beaks at lightning speed
12:00to scoop up fish into their pouch, which can expand in size.
12:04They then let the water drain before swallowing their prey.
12:20With their stomachs full and appetites met, they return to safe roosts.
12:40The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is known for its vast, rocky landscapes,
12:45home to the world's largest sand deserts.
12:49The Oryx are Saudi's most iconic species.
12:56They are the symbol of the desert and are well adapted to live here.
13:01Their distinctive white fur helps them thermoregulate their bodies
13:06by reflecting the harsh sunlight.
13:09So, despite the desert regularly reaching above 55 degrees centigrade,
13:15these antelope are able to maintain their body temperatures
13:18at around 38 degrees centigrade.
13:23Oryx are social, and their herds range in size,
13:27from single pairs to several dozen animals.
13:30Outside the breeding season, the males will often live in bachelor herds
13:36or on their own, roaming the landscape for food, water, and shade.
13:43Even though they are the world's smallest species of Oryx,
13:47their tall, elegant horns are well proportioned for their size
13:51and reach lengths of 70 centimeters.
13:54The horns evolved to serve two purposes,
13:57primarily as protection against predators
14:00and, secondly, for the males to joust in courtship.
14:04Their lives are nomadic, and their journey is endless.
14:34Spring is the prime season for dust sand storms.
14:37They are the sculptors of the landscape,
14:41ever changing the terrain over millennia.
14:44Fast, aggressive winds build and shape rolling dunes,
14:49some as high as 250 meters.
14:52Winds can reach 80 kilometers per hour,
14:55carving even the hardest rocks.
14:58animals have no choice but to take shelter until they subside.
15:05The Oryx turn their backs and face downwind to protect their eyes.
15:10It's impossible to fly during a sandstorm,
15:23so birds land and seek refuge amongst the rocks.
15:26The Oryx turn the rocks.
15:27The Oryx turn the rocks.
15:28The Oryx turn the rocks.
15:33Despite their size, desert ants are extremely well suited to the environment,
15:50Despite their size, desert ants are extremely well suited to the environment.
16:03In their thousands, they harvest the scattered seeds dislodged by the storm and take them
16:09back to their nests underground to stock their larder.
16:32Reserving the intensity of the desert is a game of energy conservation.
16:43In the long periods of time between meals, the desert agama soaks up sunlight.
16:48Cold-blooded reptiles rely on intense heat, retaining the warmth to last them the cool
16:54desert nights.
16:59In landscapes where food is abundant, things can be a little more relaxed.
17:06Do not forget to share them with your friends.
17:13And leave a little one of them safely.
21:07The griffin vulture has evolved to be one of the world's most efficient flyers.
21:13With their broad wingspan of over 2.5 meters, they can soar on thermal updrafts with ease,
21:20flying all day with barely a wing flap for prolonged periods to spot their next meal.
21:37Like other vultures, they are scavengers.
21:45With their extremely keen eyesight, they can spot a carcass from up to 10 kilometers.
22:07Despite it being harsh and dry, the Nubian ibex managed to scrape a living in this challenging environment.
22:26This beige ibex, with its distinctive large curved horns, grazes and browses on grasses and shrubs.
22:40And although the ibex needs to drink, they can go days without water.
22:56Any music plays?
23:11Your device has to be ankles.
23:22High above the dry deserts rise the Aesir mountains.
23:49Every day, magic happens here.
23:56Warm, moist air from the coast condenses as it ascends to the mountaintops.
24:02Rolling clouds and fog pass through as the temperature drops, providing moisture to the
24:07local trees.
24:09In this rough and rocky range, junipers thrive, even at 9,000 feet above sea level, but not
24:17without help.
24:20Draped over the branches hang curtains of bromeliads.
24:24The trees provide a frame on which these plants can grow, and in return, the bromeliads capture
24:30and share moisture with its host.
24:39Native to this region are Hamadryas baboons.
24:50Their troops can consist of as many as 100 individuals.
24:54Together they navigate the rocky slopes, ascending and descending the mountain, depending on the
25:00season and temperature.
25:06Baboons are omnivorous and feed on pretty much anything, including buckthorn, acacia, wildflowers,
25:13birds, eggs, insects, and reptiles.
25:20The youngsters are playful.
25:50This is how they develop their social skills.
26:18Living at these altitudes has its advantages.
26:25However, accidents happen.
26:33One misstep can result in injury.
26:41Despite these hardships, like all families, they remain together.
26:48The Five-Frontробors will be transferred to the
26:50properties of a new creator.
26:55To be an immigrant, they are pregnant.
26:57They are pregnant.
26:59They are pregnant.
27:01They are pregnant.
27:03They are pregnant, they are pregnant.
27:05They are pregnant.
27:07They are pregnant.
27:09They are pregnant.
27:11As the sun starts to set, they climb to sleep in the cliffs.
27:41With temperatures increasing globally, it's not only the wildlife that suffers.
28:07Dry, arid environments can be recipes for disaster in warmer climates.
28:13Wildfires are a natural phenomena, but are becoming more frequent and severe as temperatures
28:18rise and human-induced factors increase.
28:23As they start, they are hard to contain, particularly in remote regions, and can ruthlessly decimate
28:30landscapes.
28:35Vast areas of forests can be engulfed in a matter of days, leaving them scorched, black,
28:40and bare, habitats scarred, desolate, and barren.
28:49Charred wood and ash is often all that remains.
28:58Few are lucky to survive the intense heat and harsh flames.
29:17However, whilst unfortunate, this is all part of a natural cycle.
29:27The seasonal drop in temperatures bring heavy rain and storms, replenishing the parched earth,
29:33and offering relief to the land.
29:37Nutrients and moisture are returned.
29:40Nutrients and moisture are returned.
30:08Life is given another chance to start again, to bounce back and thrive.
30:22Life always finds a way.
30:30Deeper in the valleys, all of nature's ingredients come together.
30:35The recipe for abundant life.
30:38The result? An oasis.
30:41Heaven in a desert.
30:43Just add water, and plants of all varieties, wildlife of all shapes and sizes, thrive.
30:58Traveling through the kingdom, it remains clear that water brings life.
31:06Beneath even the shallow waters of trickling streams, the toad is able to grow, hunt, and mate.
31:16Their small lives are the result of this delicate balance, much needed for a strong, healthy ecosystem.
31:23On the Shaddaw mountain, honey bees frequent aloe plants for pollen.
31:38This is to produce honey, food for their colonies.
31:49The Palestine sunbird also visits the floral bounty.
31:53The male is a flying gem of iridescent colors.
31:58Their bill is long and down-curved, adapted to extract nectar from flowers.
32:05Birds play a role in forest growth, spreading seeds as they feed.
32:09The African gray hornbill feast on the cacti fruit.
32:15Paddle cactus produce prickly pears, and they are nutritious to the bird.
32:21Ruppall weavers skillfully source grass, twigs, and roots to thread pendulous nests in the trees,
32:33to lay their eggs and raise their chicks.
32:36Camels have long been an integral part of the country.
32:52Their presence here is as ancient as ours.
32:54Ruppall weavers skillfully source grass,
32:57at the same time as their flowers.
32:59Cacti?
33:01Cacti?
33:03Cacti?
33:04Cacti?
33:06Cacti?
33:07Cacti?
33:09Cacti?
33:12Cacti?
33:13Cacti?
33:15Cacti?
33:16Cacti?
33:17Cacti?
33:19Cacti?
33:20Cacti?
33:21Cacti?
33:22The milk produced by camels is tasty.
33:41It's high in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals.
33:45It's long played a part of the Saudi diet.
33:52There's an increased effort to switch to agroecology,
33:59a farming discipline that's better at sustaining the land.
34:03This technique eases the stress on the landscape
34:06and reduces the use of water.
34:14Fig trees are resilient with deep roots
34:17and can survive on sparse amounts of rainfall.
34:22Using better farming and cultivation practices
34:33means we can enjoy nature's bounty,
34:36such as papaya and oranges,
34:38while minimizing damage to the planet.
34:43If we're going to live and survive with nature,
34:46we must adapt and strike a balance
34:49that sustains local ecosystems.
34:52In a seer city,
35:08traditional beekeeping practices
35:09have been passed down
35:10by generations of farmers for centuries.
35:13There are an estimated 4,000 beekeepers
35:17tending a staggering 700,000 beehives.
35:25Our relationship with this insect is symbiotic.
35:29We provide them a home to colonize,
35:32and to return, we harvest their honey.
35:34Around 3,500 tons of honey are harvested every year.
35:54Approximately 70% of the bees kept here
36:02are native Apis populations.
36:05The chameleon lives among banana plants.
36:14They feed on flies and insects attracted to the sweet fruit sugars.
36:21With opposing toes on each foot,
36:36they're able to make a firm grasp of the twigs and branches as they climb,
36:40and can use their prehensile tails as a fifth hand,
36:45wrapping it around any shape to anchor their position as they move and hunt.
36:50Their two eyes can swivel independently,
36:53perfect for keeping an eye out for prey,
36:55as well as avoiding predators.
36:57One of Saudi Arabia's greatest animals is in trouble.
37:27This is the Arabian leopard.
37:40Through conservation initiatives,
37:59the Royal Commission for Alula
38:01aims to restore the Arabian leopard population.
38:05The final goal, reintroduce the species into the wilderness,
38:09to the mountains of Alula.
38:20At the center, using CCTV,
38:23the caretakers monitor the leopards day and night.
38:39Classified as critically endangered
38:43by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature,
38:47it is estimated that fewer than 200 Arabian leopards
38:51are left in the wild.
38:53It's up to us to look after these globally threatened animals.
38:57In the future, we hope to see more of these animals in the wild.
39:12Meanwhile, it's our duty to ensure their well-being.
39:16This includes letting them play to get some exercise.
39:19This includes a lot of animals in the wild.
39:21The
39:42I don't know.
40:12I don't know.
40:43Fishing here is treated as a respectful artisan practice only.
40:48There is a collective effort to protect the balance of species and to not overfish in order to maintain healthy stocks.
40:55Here, men fish with hand-thrown nets.
41:03Afterwards, they return to the port with their catch, where the fish are sold to locals on the coast.
41:09Adult turtles lay their eggs on the beach.
41:21They have nested on our sandy shores for thousands of years.
41:26They do so at night in the safety of darkness.
41:30After the eggs are laid, they return to the water.
41:33Once hatched, the baby turtles instinctively move towards the brightest light.
42:00Usually, this would lead them to the ocean as they crawl toward the night sky spanning above.
42:07Cities and traffic lights confuse them and lead them astray.
42:11These beaches have drastically changed.
42:20Plastic waste pollutes the once soft sands and creates obstacles for the turtles trying to reach the water.
42:28Humans have made it harder for them to survive.
42:30And over the years, fewer turtles make it safely to the ocean.
42:40However, our wrongs can be righted.
42:44In the early morning, rangers patrol the fence between the beach and the city.
42:49They look for stragglers, the survivors of the night, and bring them to the ocean.
42:53This small act has saved many turtles, but every effort must be made to clean our beaches, too.
43:02Perhaps we should redesign coastal city lighting as to not mislead this vulnerable species.
43:08Survival should be made easier for the innocent, and we have the capacity and compassion to do so.
43:15This is just one example of many ways we can help wildlife return to some form of normality.
43:45Plastic in our waters is a huge problem.
43:54Turtles often confuse plastic carrier bags for jellyfish and die as a result.
44:03Deaths are also caused by entanglement.
44:08The short convenience of plastic has a massively long consequence on the environment.
44:15Efforts have been made to reduce plastic waste from the ocean.
44:26Recycling, reusing, and upcycling are all methods used to limit pollution and plastic use.
44:33In the meantime, there is a lot of litter to clean up.
44:37One method of regenerating our landscape is to plant native trees.
44:49Mangroves are more than a suitable answer.
44:52They thrive in low-oxygen soil, where slow-moving waters allow sediments to gather.
44:57In time, as mangrove forests grow and spread, local wildlife will be encouraged to return.
45:06Here they can feed, nest, and repopulate.
45:09At King Abdullah University for Science and Technology, research is being done to save the coral.
45:28Coral is threatened by climate change, with increasing temperatures, causing inhospitable environments.
45:36Artificial coral bases are 3D scanned and replicas are made.
45:40A small number of live coral fragments are then applied to these bases.
45:46These small coral pieces grow faster than larger ones, and are quick to join each other on the models.
45:52They are grown further in artificially warmer water than the sea.
46:00This makes them tougher and more tolerant of higher temperatures.
46:05A whole variety are cultivated this way to match the over 300 coral species of the Red Sea.
46:11When large enough, they are returned to the ocean and planted amongst the dying coral.
46:30In time, these coral will grow to be stronger and better suited to withstand an element of climate change.
46:36Additionally, they'll provide food and shelter for local fish populations and marine life.
46:43Flying above the sea, the fishhawk, also known as the osprey, is a resident of the Farrison Island.
47:13They are efficient and exceptional hunters.
47:24They have long legs and large talons, and their feet on the underside are covered with small spines called spicules, which hold their catch securely.
47:43The chicks won't fledge until over seven weeks.
47:50Until then, they rely on their parents to bring food to the nest.
47:55The birds have evolved hooked beaks, perfect for tearing the flesh of the fish.
48:00The birds have evolved homogeneous fish, perfect for Bevölkeriany, and their birds with everything over 80 pounds.
48:01The birds have evolved into the wild фот do not fall below sea.
48:03These are winds of a cutter to the surface to the exact extent,
48:03colors that come of grown spines玉 becomes an'
48:29Ospreys are known to pair for life, and their nests, known as an iri, can be used and added
48:36to year on year.
48:38Some nests are known to be used for over 20 years by the same pair.
48:51The world is not ours alone.
48:53Whilst we benefit in many ways from what the land and nature provides, we must look after
48:59the planet.
49:00For us to survive, we must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our ways in
49:06order to ensure sustained health and well-being for all Earth's inhabitants.
49:23We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.
49:30We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.
49:38We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.
49:54We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.
50:01We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.
50:16We must learn to live in harmony with nature and change our lives.