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• Griffin G. Decircumcision. p.17 (1992)
• Marck, J. "Aspects of male circumcision in sub-equatorial African culture history" (1997); Health Transit Review. 7 Supll: 337–360.
• Morrison J. "The origins of the practices of circumcision and subincision among the Australian aborigines". The Medical Journal of Australia. 1 (3): 125–7. (1967)
• "SHEM". The Jewish Encyclopedia. 2013-12-17] , [Amin Ud, Din M (2012). "Aposthia-A Motive of Circumcision Origin". Iranian Journal of Public Health. 41: 84.
• Alphabet of Ben Sirah, Question #5 (23a–b)
• M. Dānešvar, Dīdanīhā wa šanīdanīhā-ye Īrān, 2nd ed., 2 vols., Tehran, 1327 Š./1948. I, pp. 31, 56, 59
• E. Šakūrzāda, ʿAqāyed o rosūm-e mardom-e Ḵorāsān, 2nd ed., Tehran, 1363 Š./1984. p.167; Massé, Croyances, p. 53
• M. Katīrāʾī, Az ḵešt tā ḵešt, Tehran, 1348 Š./1969. p. 41-42; Šakūrzāda, a.g.e., p. 167; Ṣ. Hedāyat, Neyrangestān, Tehran, 1342 Š./1963. p. 195
• Dānešvar, a.g.e. p. 56; Katīrāʾī, a.g.e., p. 41; Hedāyat, a.g.e., p. 116; Šakūrzāda, p. 167
• Patai, 1987, p. 160; E. Westermark, Ritual and Belief in Morocco, 2 vols. 1926. II, p. 427; F. Legey, The Folklore of Morocco, 1935. p. 107, 175
• Massé, Croyances, p. 53
• Gollaher (2000) Circumcision: A History Of The World's Most Controversial Surgery. p. 2, 3, 13, 21-22.
• Kanawati, N. and A. Hassan 1997, The Teti Cemetery at Saqqara II: The Tomb of. Ankhmahor : pp. 11-12
• Nip Tuck: Circumcision in Ancient Egypt
• Herodotus'un Tarihi. 2.36,104
• İskenderiyeli Klement, Stromata 1.15
• "Circumcision" Encyclopædia Britannica 1902
• Herodotus Tarihi. 2.104
• Mark Popovsky (2010). "Circumcision". In David A. Leeming; Kathryn Madden; Stanton Marlan. Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion. pp. 153–154
• Hodges, F. M. (2001). "The ideal prepuce in ancient Greece and Rome: male genital aesthetics and their relation to lipodermos, circumcision, foreskin restoration, and the kynodesme". The Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (3): 375–405
• Arabian Nights, Sir Richard Burton, Footnote 180
• Suetonius (translated and annotated by J. C. Rolfe) (c. 110). "De Vita Caesarum-Domitianus". Ancient History Sourcebook at fordham.edu. The Romans applied the term curtus (lit., "cut short") to circumcised men at least in poetic contexts, e.g. at Horace, Sermones i.9.70
• Rubin, J. P. "Celsus' decircumcision operation: medical and historical implications". Urology. 16 (1): 121–4. (1980)
• Hall, R. G. "Epispasm: circumcision in reverse". Bible Review: 52–7. (1992)
• Peron, James E. "Circumcision: Then and Now". Many Blessings (vol. III). pp. 41–42. (2000)

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