Iker Jiménez, junto al experto José María Zabala, trasladan a los espectadores hasta el siglo I. Ambos enseñan y examinan una bolsa que contiene los 30 denarios de plata que Judas recibió por entregar a Jesús de Nazaret.
El presentador se sorprende cuando el experto explica que en realidad la cantidad que recibió Judas ''era una miseria'': ''El jornal de un obrero era de un denario al día y por la venta de un esclavo se cobraban 500 denarios, y si eran griegos o griegas hasta 1.500 denarios'
El presentador se sorprende cuando el experto explica que en realidad la cantidad que recibió Judas ''era una miseria'': ''El jornal de un obrero era de un denario al día y por la venta de un esclavo se cobraban 500 denarios, y si eran griegos o griegas hasta 1.500 denarios'
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00:00Well, look, dear friends, we are hearing little more than the tinkling of history.
00:15A bag, whose appearance would be older, obviously, because we are going back to the 1st century AD.
00:21And José María Zabala, welcome.
00:23Good night, Iker.
00:25Let's see, what do you read there?
00:26Well, what I see are the 30 silver denarii, or something very similar, that Judas received for betraying Jesus of Nazareth.
00:3730 silver denarii bearing the effigy of Tiberius, the emperor who reigned during the three years of public preaching of Jesus of Nazareth, which was a paltry sum.
00:48Here's what I didn't know. It wasn't that much, it wasn't a fortune.
00:51It was a pittance. A pittance, considering that a worker's wage was one denarius a day.
01:01Up to date?
01:02Up to date. Up to date.
01:03And for a slave, for the sale of a slave, approximately 500 denarii were charged.
01:10But, be careful, if that slave was educated, or Greek, they could reach 1,500 denarii.
01:19So hand over Jesus of Nazareth, the most important figure in history, for 30 measly silver denarii.
01:26Our beloved José María Zavala, The 12. An essential book to understand the adventure of those men who saw Jesus and preached,
01:40and who became, in a way, chroniclers of a new faith that changed the world.
01:43But of course, each of the stories, I already told you a while ago, when we were talking about the heads of two of them,
01:49Each one would give a story. And Zavala tells me, because there have been different theories about Judas,
01:58There have been archaeological surveys looking for its past, but what I didn't know is that the story of Judas,
02:04Not just coins, it had remained in the collective unconscious in things that will surprise you, or not?
02:11Well, Judas has a dark side, I don't know. He was as evil as they say.
02:19Evidently, he betrayed his teacher, Jesus of Nazareth, and sold him for those 30 pieces of silver.
02:26But I find it hard to believe that Jesus would choose Judas among the 12 if he was so evil from the beginning.
02:35And I am convinced that Judas healed the sick, made the paralyzed walk, and the blind see in the name of Jesus,
02:43and preached the kingdom of God like the rest of the 11 disciples that Jesus chose.
02:49You know, many people won't know the story. Many young people won't know the story, and they'll only learn about it in the fourth millennium.
02:54And then they spread it on TikTok, and I love it. So, could we tell you a little about what we know about this man?
03:00Judas, the man of Kerioth, the man of Kerioth, this town very close to the Kidron, in the Holy Land, as it is called today, in Palestine,
03:11He is mentioned only twice in the Holy Scriptures. He was apparently a native of there, the man from Kerioth.
03:21But, speaking of Judas's bad reputation, the Judas goats...
03:26There are some goats called Judas.
03:28Today, in the 21st century, they are called goats that are taken to the slaughterhouse to slaughter suckling lambs under three months old.
03:38They, poor, innocent lambs like Jesus of Nazareth, follow these Judas goats and lead them away like butchers to slaughter them alive.
03:49There are some goats that do the same job as the steers with the bulls, guiding them, and they are called Judas goats because it is such a stigma that has remained, right?
03:58Impressive. But, Iker, during World War II, the airplanes that served as guides for British or American fighter-bombers,
04:09that they had to bomb those positions dominated by the Third Reich, by Hitler,
04:15These airplanes were called Judas goats and were painted in very bright colors to attract attention,
04:21who directed all those fighter-bombers towards their destination, which they had to bomb, and then they returned to the base
04:29and remained unharmed while other fighter-bombers were shot down.
04:33So, well, you are a Judas, we already know, it has remained in the collective memory forever,
04:40for more than two thousand years, what happened.
04:42And yet, lately different things were said, there was talk of a gospel of Judas,
04:49There was talk of small pieces to put together his story,
04:53And I don't know if we could see it like in a movie that you have created for us.
04:56Well, it's a movie, but let me tell you first, Iker, that you're going to Germany,
05:01Today, you stand at the civil registry, you have just become a father, you want to name your son Judas,
05:07and the registry officer has the power to reject.
05:11He is a cursed man, today.
05:13Cursed man.
05:15In St. John Lateran, one of the great churches of Christendom,
05:18There is not a single vestige, there is not a single trace of Judas Iscariot, but there is of the rest of the apostles.
05:24But look, Iker, in Egypt there is a Coptic church, which is called the Church of the Virgin Mary,
05:30where there are twelve columns symbolizing the twelve apostles, ten columns are white,
05:36One is grey, which is dedicated to the unbelieving apostle, Thomas,
05:42who needs to put that finger, right?, into the wound of Jesus who rose eight days later,
05:48and finally the twelfth column, which is that of Judas.
05:52What color?
05:53Black.
05:53Black, like tar.
05:55I mean, I didn't know that.
05:59How has this name remained symbolizing, of course, betrayal, the greatest betrayal?
06:05You're a Judas, you've stabbed me in the back.
06:10What should our friends be?
06:12What scenes should our friends watch to better understand what happened to Judas and his end?
06:16I think it's very good to start at the end, that's why... what Judas experiences is tremendous.
06:26Judas is a flesh and blood character, regardless of whether it is written that he is going to betray Jesus,
06:32He is a man who feels and repents in his own way, differently from Peter,
06:37who cries bitterly when he betrays Jesus, denies him three times before the rooster crows twice.
06:42But we see Judas Iscariot as he is seen through the eyes of the blessed Anna Katharina Emmerich.
06:51Remember, Iker, the program we dedicated to the House of Ephesus.
06:55Yes sir.
06:56Where you were.
06:57Yeah.
06:58That Anna Katharina Emmerich, beatified, I insist, by the Catholic Church,
07:03He spent 40 years without moving from his bed and was able to envision the house of Ephesus,
07:09to draw it, so that archaeologists, after years, went there and recognized,
07:15Thanks to those notes from Ana Catalina, the house of María Nazaret.
07:19Did something similar happen with Judas or what?
07:21She had visions of Judas and she saw Judas, well, Anna Catalina too,
07:27inspired Mel Gibson's famous film The Passion.
07:29But she actually saw Judas as he walked, desperate, disheartened, hopeless,
07:38along that steep southern slope of Jerusalem.
07:41Hours after betraying Jesus, that tremendous scene in the Garden of Gethsemane,
07:56which causes a stampede, a stampede of the apostles, scared to death.
08:01Note that some of them had been there days before seeing with their own eyes
08:05how Jesus resurrected Lazarus.
08:08But fear, Iker, is very human.
08:11And those men ran away in terror.
08:15And the kiss of Judas took place.
08:18Another concept that has gone down in history.
08:21Kiss of Judas.
08:23How betraying, isn't it?
08:25The man whom I kiss is the one you shall arrest.
08:30And we see, as I say, through the eyes of Anne Catherine de Meric, Judas,
08:37head down that slope, cursing himself.
08:43Hours before she handed Jesus over, she is expressing remorse,
08:48expresses the most indescribable bitterness,
08:53and heads to the temple in Jerusalem.
08:58That is why it is called the Holy City.
09:00The temple of Jerusalem, where there are some high priests who are officiating,
09:05we are talking about Saturday.
09:07He gets there, sees the high priests who are on duty that day because it's Passover, right?
09:13It is a holy day for Jews.
09:18And they start making fun of him.
09:20They look at him with contempt, with disdain.
09:23They laugh at the traitor.
09:25And then he angrily throws that bundle to the ground.
09:30The 30 silver denarii fall.
09:33And the high priests retreat because it is money, it is the price of blood.
09:39It is contaminated money according to the Mosaic law.
09:41Of course, they can't dedicate that money that Judas,
09:56when he throws it away and says, I break the pact, I have betrayed innocent blood.
10:01They also cannot make it an offering to the temple because it is contaminated money.
10:07What do they do?
10:08They buy the potter's field,
10:11which is a place destined as a cemetery for pilgrims, for immigrants,
10:15which will later be known as the field of blood,
10:19for obvious reasons, for the people who are buried there
10:23and because Judas goes to that field of blood that is located today.
10:27It exists, yes.
10:28The historical memorial sites of the good Iker exist in Jerusalem.
10:33There is a monastery on Mount Zion in Jerusalem,
10:38under which is the field of blood,
10:41where Judas, desperate, takes his belt,
10:45ties him to a tree branch and hangs himself.
10:51But look, while Matthew in the gospels tells us that he hangs himself and dies,
10:57Peter, Simon Peter, in the Acts of the Apostles,
11:02It tells us that the branch of the tree breaks in two due to the inertia of its weight,
11:08falls to the ground and its entrails scatter over the earth.
11:22That is the cruel, pathetic, grim death of Judas Iscariot.
11:49And look, José María, if it is not a taboo to talk about suicide deep down,
11:54and has been an inherent element in a series of beliefs.
12:00The end of Judas is the cursed end of a cursed man, in a way, in this story.
12:04That is, the gift of life to itself, in that specific place where it exists, comes to an end.
12:13There was talk some time ago, you remember, of a Gospel of Judas, of a series of theories.
12:18Deep down everything was predestined, Judas knew it.
12:21I don't know what opinion you have on the investigation, in the twelve, of this gospel.
12:24That's true, Iker. There is a Gnostic Gospel of Judas, an apocryphal gospel, which has been rejected by the Church as it isn't a canonical gospel, but it's there.
12:35But it has a value.
12:35It is a historical document, approximately dated to the year 140 AD, most likely written in Greek, where Judas is venerated as a saint.
12:50This is it. This is what people were so surprised about a few years ago when it was discovered.
12:55Because, according to that position with which I do not agree, what Judas does is adhere to divine designs.
13:05That is to say, he is considered a saint because he is the architect of the saving mission of Jesus of Nazareth.
13:14But the reality is different. I mean, we were talking earlier about what was written, and what was written, is written.
13:20It ends up being fulfilled. There are many prophecies in the Old Testament.
13:24That would make for a very interesting program, which ends up being fulfilled in the New Testament.
13:29One of them is the betrayal of Judas.
13:31Zechariah, in the book of Zechariah, one of the great prophets, says that Jesus will be handed over for 30 pieces of silver.
13:39Be careful, they are very similar to the ones we have here.
13:41And, of course, there's a key here. I mean, we said it before.
13:47Was Judas really that wicked? Was he a bad man?
13:51Did Jesus choose him knowing that he was?
13:54I am not in favor of the theory of predestination.
13:58I believe that man is free.
14:00And as such, you can choose between good or evil.
14:03Judas Iscariot chooses evil, which is betrayal.
14:07In that gospel, of course, they said, it was an instrumental evil. I mean, it had to happen for history to be what it was, right?
14:13A necessary evil. Yes.
14:16But he, I mean, he really is a character that I am convinced of.
14:24Well, I, John Paul II, said that Judas, no one could say that Judas had condemned himself.
14:31Nobody.
14:31The Church, in fact, Catholic, has canonization processes.
14:37He recognizes the sanctity of people, but he does not say that any of them have been condemned.
14:42This is curious, isn't it? It's a very curious fact.
14:45But there's one very important thing there that has gone unnoticed, Iker.
14:49And it is the theme of Judas Iscariot, who is not a traitor from the beginning.
14:57There's a cell phone there.
14:57What makes Judas Iscariot change his mind?
15:01What makes him turn into a Judas goat?
15:06He is very attached to the sect of the Zealots.
15:11Those people who believe that God is all-powerful, but take justice into their own hands.
15:17And he feels disappointed.
15:18That is to say, he believes that since God is all-powerful, he must put an end to the injustices being carried out by the Roman governors under this tremendous force of imposition on the Jews.
15:33And he sees him as the liberator of the people of Israel, Jesus.
15:39That's why he doesn't understand why, even though God could end up being all-powerful in the face of injustice, he doesn't do it.
15:45Furthermore, he says that as a good Christian he has to offer the other cheek.
15:50And that is where Judas reveals himself internally as another eye, other disciples who abandon Jesus for that reason.
15:58Because they want to put an end to the blatant injustices that were being committed at that time, right?
16:04In the research you've done on the twelve, is Judas the strangest or most difficult to document?
16:13Is there still a certain haze over it or not?
16:15Well, there's a lot of fog.
16:16Fog, I think there's a big smoke screen.
16:21He is an undesirable.
16:24Nobody wants anyone to know about him.
16:27Except for that gospel that you hate when you act...
16:29In that field of blood I don't even remember about him either.
16:32Nothing.
16:32It is known that there is a site.
16:33There are no memories of Judas.
16:36This is what I want to tell you.
16:37There are no memories.
16:38His memory has been completely erased.
16:41He's an Achenathon of Christianity, isn't he?
16:43They've erased the...
16:44He is a character that fascinates me.
16:46Of course, it's a bit of a movie too.
16:48That's what happens to him and the way he looks and everything that happens.
16:51It's that reality surpasses the hobby with Judas Iscariot, but you asked me about the twelve, right?
16:55Of the twelve, each one is a mirror in which you can see yourself reflected in some way, right?
17:01Hey, there are traitors today, hey, in today's society.
17:05Many who stab you in the back.
17:08You are a Judas.
17:08There are others, for example, like Pedro or Juan, who have different profiles, right?
17:16And that's where I made the distinction, right?
17:18Between Peter, who cries bitterly for having denied his master,
17:24and Judas Iscariot, who rebels against himself, who curses himself,
17:30There's some pride there, isn't there?
17:33And of hopelessness, profound hopelessness, that leads him to commit suicide, right?
17:37There is nothing of remains with others, we have seen, apostles,
17:48There is an archaeological investigation locating the graves, tombstones, remains of Judas, there is nothing.
17:54No trace.
17:54This is what's mind-blowing.
17:56No trace.
17:56It's very novel-like, huh?
17:57It's like a novel, it's mind-blowing, but at the same time it's logical,
18:01from the point of view of tradition,
18:02that all traces of an undesirable, a traitor, have been eliminated,
18:08because he committed the greatest sin that a Christian can commit,
18:12which is to betray the founder of Christianity, Jesus of Nazareth.
18:15Well, I'm saving the coins.
18:18In this brief lesson we have learned and visualized that it is no small thing
18:23a character whose taboo is so great that it is hardly even talked about in religious circles
18:30and yet it is part of history.
18:33Look, not for you or me, let's leave it there, of course.
18:34We leave it there.
18:35That's tainted money.
18:37Exactly, blood price.
18:37Blood price.
18:39We learn from our friend Zabala and his research on the twelve.
18:43That there are more characters and more stories.
18:45Come on, sure.
18:46Mate, as always, thank you.
18:47Thank you.
18:48For this vision, this journey back in time, a little bit, right?
18:51Wonderful what we do at Cuarto Milenio.
18:52And it is not that amount of people who, without having studied any of this,
18:57moreover, seeming leaden and things that are not,
19:00They see it as an adventure, which is also the reason for this program.
19:03Thanks, mate.
19:04Thank you.
19:05More things.
19:05Our ship continues.