Ever wondered how electric vehicles (EVs) work and what makes them different from the vehicles we drive today? Here’s everything you need to know.
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00:00This is Elon Musk.
00:02You know him, or let's say you've at least already heard his name a few times by now.
00:07Recently, he made the headlines during the Musk Twitter saga.
00:13And he even joked about buying Manchester United.
00:16And he also sends stuff to space.
00:19But most of us discovered this busy man with his electric vehicle company Tesla,
00:24the company that made EVs cool to the public eye, and even more than cool, sexy.
00:29So yes, that's him and his company.
00:32But he didn't invent electric cars.
00:35It could be attributed to this Dutch professor Sibrandus Stratting of Groningen,
00:40who designed this electric vehicle in 1835.
00:44And at the end of the 19th century in London,
00:46you were able to ride an electric taxi with a lovely nickname,
00:50The Hummingbirds.
00:54Now that we know that electric vehicles were around a long time ago,
00:57and that after disappearing from the scene, they're now making a comeback,
01:01it's important to understand how they work,
01:04where they beat fossil fuel vehicles,
01:06and where they still lag behind.
01:09To understand how an electric vehicle works,
01:11you have to understand how its motor works.
01:14To have a point of comparison,
01:15we'll start by looking at how an internal combustion engine works.
01:28And that is done following the principle that fuel plus air,
01:32when compressed and ignited, causes a little explosion.
01:35By using the energy released by the explosion to move a piston in a linear motion,
01:40and by mechanically transforming this linear motion to a rotary one,
01:44we can make the wheels turn and our vehicle move.
01:49On the other side, the electric motor is using electricity and magnetism to work,
01:54or to be more precise, electromagnetism.
01:58We've all seen at some point that opposite poles of a magnet attract,
02:02and alike poles repel.
02:04Car manufacturers have used this principle to build their motors.
02:25And make the rotor rotate.
02:28But for this to work, the motor must be supplied with electricity.
02:31And this electricity comes from another extremely important element, the battery.
02:55A small problem here is that the battery delivers direct current,
02:59and the motor needs alternating current to operate.
03:08And that's the job of our last major part, the inverter,
03:12to transform the direct current from the battery into the alternating current,
03:16to power the motor.
03:17But not all electric vehicles are purely electric.
03:21There are also hybrid vehicles that combine an electric motor
03:24and an internal combustion engine.
03:26One takes over from the other, depending on the type of use of the vehicle.
03:39And the last type of electric vehicle is those that run on hydrogen.
03:43And this time, there's no battery.
03:51Now that we understand how EVs are working,
03:54we can look at all the benefits they offer
03:56when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles.
04:02The first, and surely the most important, or at least the most promoted,
04:05is the absence of pollution.
04:07No exhaust system equals no emission.
04:09And no emission equals no pollution.
04:13The second concerns the noise, or rather, the silence of electricity.
04:18The silence of electric cars.
04:49But not everything is rosy in the garden of EVs.
04:53There are also some downsides to this type of vehicle.
04:56Due to their novelty and low production, they remain expensive vehicles.
05:00The driving range covered on a full charge is still limited,
05:04even if progress has been made in recent years.
05:07Finding a place to recharge can also be a real pain,
05:10especially outside cities.
05:12And even if you do find this charging station,
05:14you'd better not be in a hurry.
05:16If it takes a few minutes to fill your tank with petrol,
05:19it can take a few hours to recharge your battery.
05:22The last big drawback is once more linked to the battery,
05:25and this time, to the minerals that it's made of.
05:28Lithium and cobalt are needed to build a battery,
05:31and these minerals are known to have a huge environmental impact.
05:35EVs aren't perfect, and probably never will be,
05:38but at the moment they're the best individual vehicle option that we have.
05:43If they can't be the only solution offered to mobility problems in today's world,
05:47at least they're here, and they're getting better every day.