C'était le vol cinq cent quatre-vingt-trois de China Eastern Airlines, en croisière au-dessus du Pacifique, en route de Shanghai à Los Angeles. Le pilote a déclaré une urgence et a dirigé l'avion vers une base de l'Armée de l'air en Alaska. Le pilote a fait quelques manœuvres rapides pour stabiliser l'avion, mais des blessures ont eu lieu parce que les gens n'étaient pas attachés. Heureusement, l'équipage était formé et l'avion lui-même était en bon état, à l'exception de la cabine en désordre. Les conséquences de cet incident ont été coûteuses, nécessitant environ un million et demi de dollars pour réparer les dégâts. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00A certain volume crossed a dirty quarter of an hour in the air in 1993, when the pilot accidentally deployed the flaps of the plane, the part located at the front of the wing.
00:10The weather was fine, the passengers were laughing relaxed, everyone was wavering at his occupations.
00:16Suddenly, they felt an unexpected shake, and the autopilot was instantly disengaged.
00:22The pilot began to struggle to resume command.
00:25The aircraft became unstable, tangling in a spectacular way, which led to a rapid dive of 1,500 meters.
00:33The vibrations plunged the cabin into the greatest chaos.
00:36Passengers screamed in fear.
00:39The flaps are supposed to be used only during take-offs and landings, and certainly not in full volume.
00:45This was volume 583 of China Eastern Airlines, on its way from Shanghai to Los Angeles, passing through the Pacific.
00:54The pilot declared an emergency and directed the plane to a military base in Alaska.
00:59Of the 255 people on board, 60 ended up in the hospital.
01:04And unfortunately, two of them did not survive.
01:07The pilot made a few quick maneuvers to stabilize the aircraft.
01:11But most of the injuries occurred because people were not attached.
01:15It was estimated that the flaps were deployed because of the design of the controls.
01:19It was therefore the fault of the manufacturer, who had thought of them in such a way that the handle could be accidentally shaken in volume.
01:27Fortunately, the crew was well trained, and the plane was not damaged, except for the mess that reigned in the cabin.
01:34The consequences of this incident, however, were costly, and amounted to about a million and a half dollars.
01:41When the plane began to lose altitude, the luggage compartments opened on their own, and the safety instructions were replayed three times, for a more disturbing effect.
01:51Once the plane was stabilized, the air hostesses took action, providing first aid and leaving care kits scattered in the aisles.
01:59It turned out that this poorly designed control lever had caused 11 similar incidents before.
02:05The commander had probably moved it by accident, by adjusting the speed of the aircraft.
02:11The lack of training of the pilots on high-altitude problems and the warning system of take-off only aggravated the situation.
02:18If the passengers had kept their belts buckled, the damage would have been much less serious, as was the case in many other accidents.
02:26You probably know this announcement made in volume.
02:29Even when the seat belt indicator is off, hang on as long as you are seated.
02:34Experts say that this is a good approach.
02:36Although flying is relatively safe, it is wise to keep your seat belt fastened, because you can always encounter unexpected turbulence.
02:44It is about staying safe during these agitated periods, especially those that occur during stormy weather.
02:51Sarah Nelson, the president of the Association of Navigating Personnel, estimates that this indicator should be on throughout the trip.
02:59Predicting turbulence is like trying to guess the time it will take.
03:03It is never quite precise, because turbulence can occur anywhere.
03:08However, planes are robust and can resist the most violent.
03:13But the real danger is to be hit during a turbulence and not that the planes disintegrate in full volume.
03:19They are rare, but accidents still occur from time to time.
03:23During a dramatic episode in 2016, a pilot performed a properly heroic maneuver, saving the lives of 439 people.
03:32He was preparing to take off from Shanghai, when suddenly another plane appeared on the runway in front of him.
03:38Showing a brilliant reflex, the pilot quickly raised his plane, avoiding the disaster.
03:44He received $360,000 for this remarkable turn of force.
03:49The other plane was only less than 20 meters away, about the length of a semi-tanker.
03:54We would learn later that the air traffic controllers and the landing team had mixed up the brushes.
04:00Two controllers lost their jobs, and 13 others received a complaint.
04:04It was said of this incident that it was not without recalling the collision of the Tenerife airport in 1977.
04:11At that time, two Jumbo Js collided on a foggy runway.
04:16They were not lucky, and the incident was a real carnage.
04:21Some accidents in the history of aviation have prevented others.
04:25At each crash, something essential must be rethought.
04:29In 1956, two planes collided above the Grand Canyon,
04:34resulting in the tragic loss of the 128 lives on board.
04:38This accident led to an improvement of the air traffic control system,
04:43resulting in a budget of $250 million.
04:47The Federal Aviation Agency was also founded in 1958 to ensure air safety.
04:54Then, in 1986, a private plane accidentally entered the airspace of Los Angeles
05:01to collide with another plane.
05:04This tragedy cost the lives of 86 people.
05:07As a result, collision avoidance systems were introduced.
05:12In 1978, the United Saints 73 volume faced a problem of landing gear.
05:18It led to a crash that cost 10 people their lives.
05:21This incident led to a transformation in the familiarization of the piloting posts,
05:26introducing the management of the crew's resources.
05:29This management method moved away from the traditional approach centered on the on-board commander,
05:33to focus on teamwork and communication within the on-board personnel.
05:38Another improvement concerned the prevention of emergencies in volume.
05:42In 1983, a fire broke out in the rear toilets of the Air Canada 797 volume,
05:50causing an accident that would cost 23 lives.
05:53The FAA reacted by requiring smoke detectors and automatic extinguishers
05:58to be installed in the toilets of the aircraft.
06:01After 1988, the planes were re-decorated with fireproof cushions and ground lighting,
06:08the most recent even adopting flame-resistant materials.
06:12Winds can be dangerous under certain circumstances.
06:15The crash of the Delta volume, 191 in 1985,
06:20drew attention to the dangers of wind scratching.
06:23The joint research of NASA and the FAA
06:26led to the development of frontal radar wind scratching warning systems.
06:31In the mid-1990s, these became the norm on on-board aircraft.
06:36The number of accidents related to wind scratching has considerably decreased since then.
06:41In 1989, the United Airlines volume 232 experienced a real nightmare
06:47when a failure of the DC-10 engine made it virtually uncontrollable.
06:52The pilot Alfred Haynes managed to land the plane in a nearby airport,
06:56but the fire that followed was terrifying.
06:59185 passengers survived the disaster.
07:02The main cause of the incident was a crack in the fan disc,
07:06which occurred during the manufacture of the titanium alloy.
07:10This incident prompted the FAA to modify the hydraulic system,
07:14to implement redundant safety systems in future aircraft,
07:17and to innovate engine inspection protocols.
07:20In 1988, a large part of the fuselage of an Aloha Airlines volume
07:25tore in full volume.
07:27In an instant, the cabin found itself buoyant,
07:30leaving the passengers exposed to the open sky.
07:33In spite of the chaos, the pilots managed to land safely,
07:37with only one human loss.
07:39Transport security discovered that the corrosion and damage due to wear,
07:44which had accumulated over 89,000 cycles of volume,
07:48had caused this accident.
07:50The plane had been used for brief flights and pressurized between the Hawaiian Islands.
07:55Shortly after, in 1991,
07:58the agency launched the National Research Program on Aircraft Aging.
08:02This program strengthened inspection and maintenance standards,
08:06especially for high-cycle and intensive-use aircraft.
08:10About 80% of the incidents occur in the first three minutes following take-off,
08:16or the last eight minutes before landing.
08:19Stay vigilant during these moments, and your chances of survival will increase.
08:23Do not be intimidated by all this.
08:25The real chances of being in a plane accident are about 1 in 11 million.
08:30It is the same probability as being hit by lightning during a year.
08:34On the other hand, planes are often hit by lightning.
08:37They are designed to withstand it.
08:39Each plane is probably hit about once a year,
08:42or every 3,000 hours it flies through the sky.
08:45But there have been no lightning-related accidents since 1967.
08:49Engineers have ensured that when a plane is hit,
08:52lightning simply crosses it and comes out without really impacting anything inside.
08:57Now let's dive into the fascinating mechanics that allow planes to stay in the air.
09:02Wings are important, but there is no such thing as wings.
09:06Four forces come into play.
09:08Length, thrust, wind resistance, and weight.
09:12The curved ends of the wings are called winglets,
09:15and they help reduce air turbulence, making the plane more stable and faster.
09:20There is a reason why the lights darken when a plane lands at night.
09:24It prepares everyone for a quick evacuation,
09:27helping the eyes to adapt to the darkness if the landing goes wrong.
09:31You are in a bright room full of obstacles,
09:34and suddenly the lights go out and you are asked to rush out.
09:39It's not easy.
09:41The on-board agents also ask you to check the stalls during the landing.
09:45In case of emergency, they want you to be able to see what's going on outside
09:50and determine if one side of the plane is more suitable for a quick evacuation.
09:54If you're wondering which is the safest part in a airliner, it's in the back.
09:59According to a study by Popular Mechanics,
10:02extending from 1971 to 2005,
10:05sitting in the back would give you 40% more chance of surviving an accident.
10:10Just as important, you'll be closer to the toilets.