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This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.
Category
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FunTranscript
00:00:00 You're in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, one of the driest places on Earth.
00:00:06 But this desert has a beautiful secret.
00:00:09 Every 3 to 5 years, flowers pop up out of nowhere.
00:00:12 It's so famous, it's also called the flowering desert.
00:00:16 Seeds lie around in the ground just waiting for some rain.
00:00:20 When the desert gets enough water, about 200 types of flowers sprout up.
00:00:25 The yellow sands of the Atacama turn purple, white, green, and even pink.
00:00:30 Another mystical phenomenon that can be seen in the desert is called a sand waterfall.
00:00:36 When the wind brings a lot of sand to the edge of the canyon, it begins to fall down.
00:00:41 Now amplify this effect 100 times, and you get a sand waterfall in Saudi Arabia.
00:00:47 It really is like Niagara Falls, only there's not a drop of water.
00:00:51 The locals say this phenomenon warns of an impending sandstorm.
00:00:56 Fairy rings, also known as elf rings or pixie rings, are mysterious circles of mushrooms
00:01:02 that appear in grasslands and forested areas.
00:01:05 There's a lot of debate about why these fairy rings form a nearly perfect circle.
00:01:10 Some superstitions claim that fairy dances would burn the ground, causing mushrooms to
00:01:15 rapidly grow.
00:01:17 In southern India, between July and September 2001, people witnessed one of the strangest
00:01:23 weather phenomena in recorded history.
00:01:26 The rain was red.
00:01:28 What many would've thought to be a typical rainstorm left them shocked.
00:01:33 The color was bright enough to stain clothes.
00:01:35 There were other colors too, such as green, yellow, brown, and even black.
00:01:40 In the middle of a monsoon, red rain started to fall, and so did periodically for several
00:01:45 weeks.
00:01:46 Many researchers have found this unusual rain is stained either by dust or algae, so don't
00:01:52 try to catch any on your tongue.
00:01:54 Scientists aren't entirely sure how the algae got all the way up there.
00:01:58 This does make events like this a little unsettling.
00:02:03 People who live in rural central Norway, over the Hestalen Valley, can often witness floating
00:02:08 lights of white, yellow, and red cross the sky.
00:02:12 The lights appear both at day and night, and once back in the 80s, they were spotted 15-20
00:02:20 times in a single week.
00:02:21 The Hestalen lights can last just a few seconds, but sometimes they can last more than an hour.
00:02:28 The lights move, seeming to float or even sway around.
00:02:32 Some scientists believe that the reason for these lights is due to ionized iron dust.
00:02:37 Others say it's a combination that includes sodium, oxygen, and hydrogen.
00:02:41 Many people claim they're just misidentified aircrafts.
00:02:46 Norway!
00:02:47 Snow doughnuts are one of the rarest meteorological sights to see, with perfect weather conditions
00:02:52 needed just to create them.
00:02:54 Found in any snow-covered mountain area, like the Rocky Mountains, the wind, temperature,
00:02:59 snow, ice, and moisture all have to work together for us to see these phenomenal rings.
00:03:05 A thin layer of wet snow on the ground.
00:03:08 Under that layer, ice or powdered snow.
00:03:11 And a strong enough breeze to roll the doughnut down a hill, just like a snowball.
00:03:17 Once it stops rolling, it can be the size of a baseball or as large as a car tire.
00:03:22 It all depends on how strong the wind is.
00:03:24 A newly formed snow doughnut won't stay around for very long, so hurry up with that
00:03:29 camera and watch your head!
00:03:32 Can you believe there's another place on Earth with its own ecosystem and atmosphere,
00:03:36 similar to another planet?
00:03:38 Well, start believing!
00:03:40 Smovul Cave, located in southeastern Romania, remained closed in complete darkness for a
00:03:46 whopping 5.5 million years.
00:03:48 It wasn't until workers discovered the cave, when they were looking for a place to build,
00:03:53 that anyone learned about it.
00:03:55 Scientists carved out an opening to the cave and found that a completely sustained ecosystem
00:04:00 was thriving inside.
00:04:02 As a pathway was carved through the rock past numerous tunnels, scientists found a lake
00:04:07 of sulfuric water that stank like rotten eggs.
00:04:11 The air was filled with hydrogen sulfide and had 100 times more carbon dioxide than Earth's
00:04:16 atmosphere contains.
00:04:18 Needless to say, this air is completely toxic.
00:04:21 What's even crazier is that a whole ecosystem has been existing in this cave, with 33 species
00:04:27 that can't be found anywhere else on Earth.
00:04:30 This cave gives us a glimpse of what could possibly exist on other planets with completely
00:04:35 different atmospheres.
00:04:37 How it managed to exist on Earth all this time without anyone knowing is rather unbelievable,
00:04:43 isn't it?
00:04:44 Now, check these trees out.
00:04:46 They're called Indian rubber trees.
00:04:48 Their strong roots grow not underground, but on the surface.
00:04:52 With the help of special frames and fasteners, people have learned to control how these roots
00:04:57 grow.
00:04:58 Let's say a tree is next to a small pit.
00:05:00 You need to make a bridge from one end of this pit to the other.
00:05:04 You direct the growing tree roots in the needed direction.
00:05:08 Over time, the roots penetrate the ground and strengthen under endless downpours.
00:05:13 It takes about 15 years to create one bridge.
00:05:17 Here's another amazing tree called the Tree of Life.
00:05:20 It grows in Bahrain's desert.
00:05:22 The tree has been standing on top of this sandy hill for more than 400 years, surrounded
00:05:26 by miles of sand.
00:05:28 It's extremely hot here, and there's no moisture.
00:05:32 Despite this, the tree has green leaves, and it continues to grow.
00:05:36 So far, scientists haven't figured out yet how the tree gets moisture and nutrients.
00:05:41 There are only places with oil deposits around.
00:05:45 Locals think the tree is sacred.
00:05:47 After all, it demonstrates the magic of life and the power of nature.
00:05:51 Some experts are sure it's all about the roots.
00:05:54 They go so deep that they can reach underground sources of water.
00:05:59 So there you are, you've been driving for hours through the night.
00:06:03 You didn't have any chance to sleep, so your mind is hanging by a thread.
00:06:08 You stop the car and go out to stretch your limbs.
00:06:11 And then you look up into the sky and see a beautiful sunrise.
00:06:15 Well, wait, there are three suns in the sky.
00:06:19 You rub your eyes, but nope, there are still three bright stars in the sky.
00:06:24 No, our home star hasn't been torn into three pieces, nor has it been visited by two
00:06:29 other stars.
00:06:31 This is called a sun-dawn.
00:06:33 It occurs mostly during severe frosts.
00:06:36 Small ice crystals in the sky bend the light.
00:06:39 As a result, you may see three bright spots in the sky instead of just one.
00:06:43 This phenomenon is officially called a halo.
00:06:46 Usually it's just a circle around the sun.
00:06:49 You can even see a halo at night, too.
00:06:51 Just look at a street lamp, and you'll see a bright circle around it.
00:06:55 Sometimes, a halo can take on a fancier shape.
00:06:58 If there's a lot of ice in the air, the light is warped even more.
00:07:02 Just like in a room with a dozen mirrors.
00:07:05 Then the halo can take on the shape of a human eye.
00:07:09 Because of this phenomenon, a false dawn can also occur.
00:07:13 While you're looking at the horizon, the dawn begins, and the edge of the sun appears.
00:07:18 A little bit more, and wait, the sun starts to just dissolve in the sky.
00:07:24 After a few moments, it's dark again.
00:07:27 And only a minute later, the real sun shows its face.
00:07:31 It was the same light curvature effect you saw before with the three suns.
00:07:35 Only now, the light is curved vertically, not horizontally.
00:07:39 And instead of the real sun, its reflection in ice crystals in the sky appeared.
00:07:44 But the sunrise with three stars on the horizon is actually real.
00:07:49 Not on Earth, though, but 340 light-years away.
00:07:52 There's a star system at the center of which lurks a star almost twice the size of the
00:07:58 sun.
00:07:59 And there are two smaller stars orbiting around this giant.
00:08:02 The strange world has a planet too.
00:08:05 Sunsets and dawns there really happen with three stars.
00:08:09 If you brought your significant other to a park bench to watch a sunset here, your date
00:08:14 would go just fine.
00:08:16 Whatever that means.
00:08:18 Perhaps since we're talking about the most baffling natural phenomena, it would be a
00:08:22 crime not to mention snow in a desert.
00:08:25 Yep, in the winter of 2018, the inhabitants of the Sahara Desert, one of the driest and
00:08:31 hottest places on this planet, woke up to discover a thick blanket of snow covering
00:08:36 the sand.
00:08:37 In some places, the layer of snow enveloping the dunes reached a staggering 15 inches.
00:08:43 Meteorologists, however, had an explanation for this exciting phenomenon.
00:08:48 They stated that cold pools of air, combined with the precipitation from the most recent
00:08:53 storm resulted in a snowfall instead of rain.
00:08:57 So what do you do in that case?
00:08:58 Build snow camels?
00:09:00 Hmm, one hump or two.
00:09:03 This is John.
00:09:05 John seems to attract all kinds of bad weather and natural disasters wherever he goes.
00:09:10 See for yourself.
00:09:12 One day, John notices his dog is restless.
00:09:15 The pooch keeps scratching the entrance door and wandering around the house.
00:09:18 He even tries to hide in the corner, howling and barking.
00:09:23 When some mugs start to clink in your cupboard, John realizes what it means.
00:09:27 The noise is produced by foreshocks.
00:09:30 Mini earthquakes leading up to the main event.
00:09:33 Earthquakes often happen in clusters.
00:09:36 After a few weak quakes, a much bigger one is likely to be on the way.
00:09:41 Sometime before the disaster strikes, people might notice bizarre blue lights.
00:09:46 Some of them seem to be coming out of the ground.
00:09:48 Others are hovering in the air.
00:09:50 These are earthquake lights.
00:09:52 They may appear days or mere seconds before the ground starts shaking.
00:09:58 Now John is walking along the ocean shore.
00:10:01 Suddenly, he sees the water retreat from the beach.
00:10:04 Really, really fast.
00:10:05 Uh oh.
00:10:07 John, run away as quickly as you can and find some high ground!
00:10:10 A tsunami is coming!
00:10:11 And your life might depend on how fast you react.
00:10:15 If John spots a bizarre and unexpected rise in sea level, it can be another sign of an
00:10:20 approaching tsunami.
00:10:21 This happens in 40% of cases.
00:10:25 The incoming water is the first tsunami wave.
00:10:27 The second one, way, way larger, will come in in about 10 minutes.
00:10:32 John can also notice seawater bubbling, swirling, and creating bizarre patterns.
00:10:38 It's another sure sign a tsunami is near.
00:10:41 Hmm.
00:10:43 John feels there's something strange about the sun.
00:10:46 Through his special super dark sunglasses, he sees that there's some uneven flares around
00:10:50 the star's contour.
00:10:52 If these bizarre rays are accompanied by auroras all over the world, they're a sign of a solar
00:10:57 storm.
00:10:59 Such storms are usually caused by disturbances in the sun's magnetic field.
00:11:03 In this case, the bursts of gas and radiation on the surface of the sun get so massive and
00:11:09 powerful that they can even reach our planet!
00:11:12 Luckily, solar storms aren't really dangerous for people, but they can mess with electricity
00:11:17 and even cause blackouts.
00:11:20 The sky over John's head is darkening and turning ominously green.
00:11:25 Something hits him on the forehead.
00:11:26 Ouch!
00:11:27 He picks up the offending object.
00:11:29 It's a hailstone.
00:11:30 But it's not that cold outside, and it's not raining.
00:11:33 Soon, he hears some noise.
00:11:36 It's approaching rapidly and turns into a loud roar.
00:11:39 It sounds as if a freight train is moving towards him, but it's not a train.
00:11:43 It's a tornado!
00:11:45 The funnel isn't visible behind a cloud of debris, but John can't mistake this rotating
00:11:50 column of air for anything else.
00:11:53 Are you on the road, John?
00:11:55 Then get as far away from your car as you can.
00:11:57 Fast!
00:11:58 If you're in a ditch, lie down in it and cover your head!
00:12:00 Oh, you're inside?
00:12:02 Then get away from the windows and hide underground if possible!
00:12:06 And please, John, be very careful if you spot some conically shaped clouds.
00:12:11 Those mean severe storms, and if you notice that such a cloud starts spinning around,
00:12:15 immediately search for shelter.
00:12:18 The cloud is transitioning into a tornado right in front of your eyes!
00:12:22 On the bright side, John should only worry about warm conical clouds.
00:12:26 Cold ones are totally harmless.
00:12:28 The only problem is to figure out the temperature of the cloud he sees.
00:12:33 Duh!
00:12:34 Ah, look!
00:12:35 John just spotted some weirdly shaped trees.
00:12:38 They look like the letter J and grow on a slope.
00:12:41 It means the ground under John's feet is likely to be unstable.
00:12:45 If he keeps wandering around, it can cause a bad landslide!
00:12:50 Square waves appear when two different wave patterns crash into each other.
00:12:54 This phenomenon does look kinda awesome!
00:12:56 No, don't go into the water, John!
00:12:58 Keep watching it from the shore.
00:13:00 Cross currents in that spot can easily pull even a skilled swimmer under the surface.
00:13:05 John keeps walking along the shore.
00:13:08 At one point, he sees wild, choppy waves carrying ocean debris and seaweed.
00:13:13 This time, he stays out of the water.
00:13:15 He knows it can be a sign of a strong rip current.
00:13:17 It can carry a swimmer far away into the ocean.
00:13:23 How about a walk in the park?
00:13:25 John likes this idea.
00:13:26 The sun is shining and the sky is so blue and beautiful.
00:13:30 Suddenly, he spots a rapidly growing vertical cloud.
00:13:34 At first, it looks bright white.
00:13:36 But as it approaches, alarmingly fast, it becomes dense and inky.
00:13:41 The sky is darkening.
00:13:43 It's getting windy.
00:13:45 That's when the guy notices that his hair stands on end.
00:13:47 It's his cue that he's about to get hit by lightning.
00:13:50 At this very moment, positive charges are rising through his body.
00:13:54 They're reaching towards the negatively charged part of the storm.
00:13:57 If he doesn't react fast, these charges will meet.
00:14:01 There's nowhere to hide, so John should crouch down and try to make himself smaller than
00:14:05 the objects around him.
00:14:07 Oh no, John, don't lie down on the ground.
00:14:11 It may be damp and thus a great conductor of electricity.
00:14:15 There are other signs that scream danger during a lightning storm.
00:14:19 John's palms may begin to sweat.
00:14:21 He might hear bizarre crackling and buzzing sounds coming from metal objects nearby.
00:14:26 His skin can start tingling.
00:14:29 There might be a strange metallic taste in his mouth.
00:14:31 Plus, John is likely to smell chlorine.
00:14:35 That's how ozone smells.
00:14:38 Electrical charges split the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen, which are the main gases
00:14:42 making up the atmosphere, into separate atoms.
00:14:45 When these atoms come together again, some of them produce molecules made up of three
00:14:49 oxygen atoms.
00:14:51 That's ozone.
00:14:52 We can smell it during a thunderstorm because down drafts bring this gas from high altitudes
00:14:57 to your level.
00:14:59 Some bugs can feel a storm coming.
00:15:02 They get ready for a natural disaster by freezing.
00:15:05 So when John notices that insects around him look drowsy, he knows to get ready.
00:15:10 Oh, and bees can predict heavy rainstorms.
00:15:14 These critters begin to work much harder the day before it starts raining.
00:15:19 While walking next to the river during a period of heavy rains, John hears a roaring sound.
00:15:24 He feels paralyzed with fear.
00:15:26 It's likely to be a flash flood moving in his direction.
00:15:29 Indeed, he soon sees debris coming down with the flow.
00:15:33 The water is rapidly changing its color, becoming muddier and darker.
00:15:38 Flash floods are very, very dangerous.
00:15:41 Take care of your safety immediately, John!
00:15:44 Another day, John sees a spectacular wall cloud.
00:15:48 It seems to be stretching for up to five miles.
00:15:50 In the best case scenario, it's just a severe storm coming.
00:15:54 But if the wall cloud begins to move in a circle, it's a sure sign of a tornado.
00:16:00 John is walking across a snowfield in the mountains, listening to the sounds the ice
00:16:04 under his feet makes.
00:16:06 The noise is kind of hollow.
00:16:07 Hmm.
00:16:08 Quickly check whether there are cracks around your footprints, John.
00:16:12 If so, the chances are an avalanche is about to happen.
00:16:16 If John sees an avalanche moving in his direction, he does his best to get off the slope.
00:16:22 In most cases, he could probably outrun it by heading downhill and then veering sideways.
00:16:26 But not this time.
00:16:28 He realizes he doesn't have enough time and heads for the nearest tree.
00:16:32 If John keeps holding onto it really tightly, the avalanche might not follow him along.
00:16:37 But if this doesn't work, he should try to swim up to the snow's surface while the
00:16:42 avalanche is still moving.
00:16:45 On a pretty nice summer evening, John notices leaves with soft stems droop all of a sudden.
00:16:51 Ah, it might be because of an upcoming storm.
00:16:53 Right before extreme weather arrives, the air usually becomes more humid.
00:16:58 Leaves also get damp and heavy, and the wind easily flips them over.
00:17:04 John lives in a pretty old house and is used to having cracks in the interior walls.
00:17:08 But one day, he notices that some of them have widened.
00:17:11 And look, there are a few new ones!
00:17:14 It's an alarm bell!
00:17:15 He lives in an area with loads of limestone, so new cracks can mean a sinkhole is about
00:17:19 to open next to his house!
00:17:22 John is hurrying home, trying not to waste time admiring shelf clouds.
00:17:27 They look like something from a sci-fi movie.
00:17:29 They form when warm and moist air gets caught in a thunderstorm updraft.
00:17:34 And these ominous clouds most often mean a storm is coming.
00:17:41 Have you ever wondered about the longest time it rained non-stop?
00:17:46 Even an hour of rain could be a big deal if you're hanging out in a dry spot like the
00:17:50 Atacama Desert in South America.
00:17:52 It can set a record for that place.
00:17:55 But in super rainy spots like the Amazon rainforest, having 40 days of rain in a row might not
00:18:01 even turn heads.
00:18:02 Interestingly, we only have rainfall records where people live and keep track.
00:18:07 Many towns and cities skip the whole rain data collection thing.
00:18:11 Plus, there are so many places on Earth where nobody lives, like rainforests or the open
00:18:16 ocean, so our rainfall knowledge is a bit patchy.
00:18:20 Now, if we were to talk about records, Hawaii has a couple.
00:18:24 People there have some seriously long rainy days, especially on islands where winds come
00:18:29 from the mountains.
00:18:30 From 1939 to 40, they recorded 331 days in a row with measurable rainfall.
00:18:37 If you're a person who likes to watch the rain at home with a cup of tea, this might
00:18:41 sound ideal to you.
00:18:43 But we need to see the sun at least occasionally.
00:18:47 Getting some sun is good for your body and soul.
00:18:50 Obviously, you get vitamin D. Just 5 to 15 minutes of sunlight a few times a week can
00:18:55 make a real difference.
00:18:57 And have you ever heard the phrase "sunny disposition"?
00:19:01 Researchers found that people feel down when there's not much sun around.
00:19:05 Sunny days make us happier.
00:19:07 Sunshine boosts your serotonin, which fights off bad moods.
00:19:11 That sunny serotonin isn't just for your mood, it also helps you sleep.
00:19:15 And it's also a heart assistant.
00:19:18 When the sun hits your skin, your body releases something called nitric oxide, which chills
00:19:23 out your blood pressure.
00:19:24 Healthy blood pressure means a healthier heart.
00:19:27 Now, go tell that to the people who had to go through 881 consecutive days of rain.
00:19:33 Yep, the record was set almost 3 full years of rain.
00:19:37 This happened from 1913 to 1916 in Hananumomaki, Hawaii.
00:19:42 It rained like there was no tomorrow, because the region is a tropical rainforest.
00:19:48 How do clouds make rain?
00:19:50 Well, rain happens when damp air goes up into the sky and gets a bit chilly.
00:19:55 As this air cools down, tiny water vapor molecules huddle up, forming super small droplets that
00:20:01 look like a fluffy cloud team.
00:20:03 Inside these clouds, things get playful.
00:20:06 The air moving around can sometimes make these droplets bump into one another and get bigger.
00:20:12 Then they can turn into ice crystals high up in the clouds where it's chilly.
00:20:16 These little ice buddies get heavy enough to take a tumble down, melting in the rain
00:20:20 on the way to the ground.
00:20:23 There isn't just one type of rain.
00:20:26 Raindrops can come from all kinds of storms.
00:20:28 Thunderstorms show up, make a splash, and then they're out.
00:20:32 They can dump a ton of rain in no time.
00:20:35 Other storms, like winter storms, are more laid back.
00:20:38 They stick around for days and dish out gentle rain or even snow if it's cold enough.
00:20:43 Usually, the weather switches between moods.
00:20:45 It's nature's way of balancing things out.
00:20:49 After stormy weather, the sun comes out, the air dries up, and we get to enjoy some clear
00:20:53 skies.
00:20:55 But things can get interesting if you're in a place with mountains near the ocean.
00:20:59 When moist air hits the mountains, it's forced to climb over them, creating rainfall
00:21:04 lasting sometimes for weeks.
00:21:06 What if I told you there was a time on Earth when rain fell continuously for 2 million
00:21:12 years and completely reshaped the planet's destiny?
00:21:15 At the end of the Permian era, around 234 million years ago (I wasn't around then,
00:21:21 but I read about it), the Triassic period began.
00:21:24 Marked by the onset of an extended period of rainfall.
00:21:28 This phenomenon is now called the Carnian-Pluvial event.
00:21:31 Well, that's what they decided to call it.
00:21:35 Recent studies supported by evidence suggest that it didn't reshape the planet in that
00:21:39 sense and that it was triggered by coal combustion.
00:21:42 The rain wasn't continuous either.
00:21:45 So we just debunked a myth here!
00:21:47 Woo-hoo!
00:21:48 Next, we have columnar jointing.
00:21:51 This is the fancy term for groove patterns that form in lava flows, sills, dikes, and
00:21:57 other rocky stuff.
00:21:59 These lava creations come in all shapes and sizes.
00:22:02 Most are seen as straight parallel columns.
00:22:05 Some have curves and varying widths.
00:22:07 They can be as high as 1,181 inches.
00:22:11 I'll save you the math, it's roughly 98 feet.
00:22:17 The columns are formed by pressure and the cooling process.
00:22:20 As lava becomes cooler, it shrinks and forms cracks.
00:22:24 Once a crack starts, the lava moves around.
00:22:27 These cracks expand to the surface of the flow.
00:22:30 Water sneaks into the cooling lava, making it chill down fast starting from the surface,
00:22:35 leaving its mark in those patterns.
00:22:37 Devil's Host Pile in California is a must-visit place if you want to see columnar jointing.
00:22:44 But hey, they're found all around the world!
00:22:47 Let's raise our heads to the sky to see something magical.
00:22:51 Fire rainbows, also known as circumhorizontal arcs, look like flames dancing above the clouds.
00:22:57 To see these eye-catching arcs, you need a special cloud type called cirrus clouds and
00:23:03 the sun at least 58 degrees high in the sky.
00:23:05 It's a VIP collaboration between sunlight and clouds.
00:23:09 Let's break it down further.
00:23:11 Take London, for instance.
00:23:12 It's around 51 degrees north.
00:23:15 Now, sorry, Londoners, no fire rainbows for you!
00:23:21 Now we move to deep waters to see underwater crop circles.
00:23:25 These are giant circular patterns found in 1995 near the shores of southern Japan.
00:23:31 Locals were baffled.
00:23:32 They dubbed them "mystery circles," as if the ocean had a secret talent for sand art.
00:23:37 The mystery was solved in 2011.
00:23:40 The unlikely artist turned out to be a tiny pufferfish, just 5 inches long.
00:23:45 The researchers found out that males were on a mission, spending a solid 7-9 days building
00:23:51 their circles by swimming in and out and using their fins to carve valleys into the sandy
00:23:56 floor.
00:23:57 They decorate the peaks of their creations with bits of shells and corals, turning their
00:24:01 sandy canvases into masterpieces.
00:24:04 Okay, they don't do it for the sake of art.
00:24:07 The curious circles have a purpose.
00:24:09 The sandy center of the circle serves as a nest.
00:24:12 Males' swimming moves mix things up, getting sand particles just where they need to be.
00:24:18 When a lady pufferfish swims by, the male twirls and dances, swirling sand around.
00:24:24 If she is impressed and thinks he is the one, she lays her eggs in the sandy heart of the
00:24:29 circle.
00:24:30 There you go, another happy ending!
00:24:34 Now let's look at frost flowers.
00:24:36 You might've seen thin sheets of ice that look like delicate petals and sometimes pop
00:24:41 up from the stems of plants.
00:24:43 The ice is about as thick as a credit card.
00:24:45 It forms when the weather is cold outside.
00:24:48 The soil is damp but not frozen, as well as plant stems.
00:24:52 Not all plants produce these frost flowers, and the conditions must be just right.
00:24:57 Here's how it happens.
00:24:59 The water inside a plant stem gets pulled up from the ground.
00:25:03 When it freezes, it expands and cracks the stem vertically.
00:25:07 As it hits the chilly air, it turns into ice.
00:25:10 As more water gets pulled up through the crack, it keeps pushing out super thin layers of
00:25:15 ice.
00:25:16 Whether a frost flower looks like a narrow ribbon or a wider one depends on the length
00:25:20 of the crack.
00:25:22 And the way it curls and shapes itself into these petals is random, or the reason might
00:25:26 lie in the difference in friction along the sides of the crack.
00:25:30 These frost flowers are unique and delicate, and they don't last long.
00:25:34 They melt or just disappear quickly.
00:25:37 To spot them, keep an eye out for tall grass, especially in places that don't get mowed
00:25:42 much.
00:25:43 Pay attention to purple ironweed, blackberries, and wing stems.
00:25:49 Ah, you're on the grass, looking up at the blue sky, enjoying some singing birds, and
00:25:57 catching some rays.
00:25:58 You watch different shaped clouds soaring slowly, high up in the air.
00:26:03 Suddenly, you hear a powerful loud rumble coming from far away.
00:26:07 You get up and notice a gigantic thick cloud ahead.
00:26:11 But it's not the size that scares you, it's the shape.
00:26:14 The cloud looks like a skull.
00:26:16 Don't worry, it doesn't mean anything bad's gonna happen.
00:26:20 Anyway, it's not even a cloud.
00:26:22 A few years ago, a skull formed out of thick smoke over Mount Vesuvius in Italy.
00:26:28 That's the same volcano that erased the ancient city of Pompeii from the face of the Earth.
00:26:33 Of course, back then, many people were afraid that the volcano would erupt again.
00:26:39 Luckily for everyone, the volcano's still in a deep sleep.
00:26:43 It was just a nearby forest fire that caused the famous skull cloud.
00:26:47 But the locals weren't so sure.
00:26:49 Some thought that the fire and the skull were set on purpose.
00:26:53 Wouldn't be the first time.
00:26:56 Centralia, Pennsylvania.
00:26:58 Population, well, just look around.
00:27:01 Looks a little scary.
00:27:02 Bare trees, no animals, no people.
00:27:05 All the buildings are empty.
00:27:07 Roads are all cracked and strewn with gravel.
00:27:09 No cars, obviously.
00:27:11 Thick smoke everywhere.
00:27:13 This town's been burning for more than 50 years.
00:27:16 Centralia used to be a mining town.
00:27:19 One of its coal mines was abandoned, and locals used it as a dump for their trash.
00:27:24 Then, according to most people, the city decided to get rid of the trash in the usual way – by
00:27:29 burning it.
00:27:30 The plan was a major failure.
00:27:32 Hmm, let's see what could have possibly gone wrong here.
00:27:36 The trash fire got deep into the mine's tunnels, ignited the coal that's still down
00:27:41 there, and has been burning steadily ever since.
00:27:44 The level of carbon dioxide shot up, and they had to shut down the other mines nearby for
00:27:49 safety.
00:27:50 No one could stop the fire, and the underground flames spread beneath the city.
00:27:56 Roads began to warm up, the soil went sour, and the streets slowly filled with smoke and
00:28:01 smog.
00:28:02 In 2017, there were only 5 people living there.
00:28:08 Welcome to Abraham Lake in Canada.
00:28:10 It's completely frozen.
00:28:12 You step onto the transparent ice and look down at what lies beneath.
00:28:16 No fish, just some mysterious frozen bubbles.
00:28:20 They look like small clouds frozen in ice, or jellyfish who forgot to pack a winter jacket.
00:28:26 There are thousands of these little bubbles made up of methane.
00:28:30 But don't try to dig a hole in the ice to touch it.
00:28:33 Methane is highly flammable.
00:28:34 It's created by methane-producing bacteria that eats leaves, grass, insects, and any
00:28:40 other organic stuff that gets into the lake.
00:28:43 When the methane touches the frozen water, it turns into tens of thousands of frozen
00:28:48 little balls.
00:28:49 When the ice melts, they burst open and sizzle.
00:28:52 If you lit a match over them at just the right moment, the lake would look kind of like an
00:28:57 erupting volcano.
00:28:59 Similar lakes can be found near some shores of the Arctic Ocean.
00:29:02 There, the size of the bubbles can reach several times the size of hot air balloons.
00:29:08 Terrible for sure, but not exactly safe.
00:29:12 The next shocking lake is in Indonesia, on the island of Java.
00:29:16 You come to a majestic volcano overgrown with grass and trees.
00:29:21 The volcano seems to be asleep, but smoke is pouring out of it.
00:29:25 You of course climb to the summit.
00:29:27 Exhausted, tired, sweaty, you're ready to cool off.
00:29:31 Nice work, you made it to the top!
00:29:32 You look into the mouth of the volcano.
00:29:36 No boiling lava, just a beautiful bright turquoise lake down there.
00:29:40 It looks like an oasis.
00:29:42 Perfect time for a refreshing dip.
00:29:44 You run down and get ready to jump in.
00:29:46 But that's not water, that's acid!
00:29:51 Sulfurous gases get into the lake from under the volcano.
00:29:54 The lake itself is full of metals.
00:29:56 When the gases touch them, they form that beautiful turquoise water, I mean acid.
00:30:02 Better head back to the nearest village, rest and come back at night when it's cooling.
00:30:07 In the dark, the lake seems to grow.
00:30:10 Right above it, you see light-filled exploding little clouds.
00:30:14 The sulfurous gases rise out of the lake, combine with the air, and flash bright blue.
00:30:20 Still, don't get too close!
00:30:23 Up in the sky, underground, volcanoes, lakes?
00:30:28 Time to head out to sea.
00:30:30 You get on a yacht and sail off.
00:30:32 It doesn't matter where, this next one happens all over the world.
00:30:36 So the sea is crystal clear and calm, there's no wind in your sails.
00:30:41 Everything is so peaceful… wait, what's that?
00:30:45 You hear a loud, loud noise.
00:30:48 Two seconds later, a huge wave, way taller than your mast, rises from the calm sea and
00:30:54 hits your yacht.
00:30:55 The ship manages to stay upright, and the huge wave disappears.
00:30:59 You just survived the attack of a rogue wave!
00:31:03 Some scientists think it happens when the surface sea current smashes into a strong
00:31:07 headwind.
00:31:08 Others say it happens when warm and cold currents come up against each other.
00:31:13 Another popular theory is wave interference, where small waves team up to form one monster
00:31:19 one.
00:31:20 Under certain conditions, waves get a sort of superpower.
00:31:23 Out of all the waves in the area, there'll be one which sucks the energy out of all the
00:31:28 others.
00:31:29 When it's full, the wave spits it all out.
00:31:32 Maybe that's why the wave's so strong, but only lasts an instant.
00:31:37 What about clouds?
00:31:38 Scary?
00:31:39 Well, they can be, if they're huge thunderclouds, walls of gray and black blocking out the sun,
00:31:46 the moon, and the stars.
00:31:48 First you're relaxing in your backyard, then you see thunderclouds.
00:31:51 Then you get thunderstorms, hail, floods, and even tornadoes.
00:31:56 They're easy to spot thanks to their epic appearance – thick, heavy, and dark.
00:32:02 They can even sparkle inside because of lightning.
00:32:05 That's one scary-looking cloud!
00:32:07 But before you run away, let's see how it forms.
00:32:11 Clouds are like roller coasters.
00:32:13 Imagine you're a small drop of water, hanging out with your friends in the ocean, waiting
00:32:17 in line for the brand-new ride that just opened up.
00:32:20 It's time!
00:32:21 You strap in.
00:32:23 Nothing happens.
00:32:24 Then you feel it.
00:32:26 The roller coaster starts to go up, up, up!
00:32:29 You can see all your droplet friends down there.
00:32:31 They're so small!
00:32:33 You keep rising, just waiting for the big whoosh.
00:32:36 But nothing happens.
00:32:38 Then you're so high up that you're in the clouds.
00:32:41 It's not so scary up here, and there are loads of your friends.
00:32:45 Nice!
00:32:46 It's starting to get cold.
00:32:48 You look around.
00:32:49 It's happening to everyone.
00:32:50 You're being turned into beautiful ice crystals, so shiny and pretty.
00:32:55 The clouds filling up, getting kind of cramped with all those other water droplets.
00:33:00 Still, what a peaceful, enjoyable…
00:33:03 Wow!
00:33:04 The ride kicks back in, and you start to free-fall.
00:33:07 Slowly at first, then faster and faster, thousands of your fellow drops falling back to Earth,
00:33:13 some holding on tight to the handrail, some laughing and waving their hands in the air.
00:33:18 Woo-hoo!
00:33:19 And… splash!
00:33:20 Still, I like the lightning ride better.
00:33:22 That's one where they strap you in, you ride up, and then you play bumper cars way
00:33:27 up in the clouds.
00:33:29 The more times you bump into another water droplet, the more lightning you create.
00:33:35 Not all lightning happens inside clouds.
00:33:37 There's a rare phenomenon called a "dirty thunderstorm."
00:33:41 The lightning happens above a volcano, the most famous is in Japan.
00:33:45 It erupts almost every day and spits black clouds high into the air.
00:33:50 So it's super scary volcano clouds, plus lightning!
00:33:55 Regular lightning happens during a storm when ice crystals bump into each other.
00:34:00 In a dirty thunderstorm, bits of volcanic ash collide, create friction, and spark up
00:34:06 the sky.
00:34:07 Okay, better finish the journey with something safe and beautiful.
00:34:11 No more cloud roller coasters, please!
00:34:14 You're in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile, one of the driest places on Earth.
00:34:19 But this desert has a beautiful secret.
00:34:22 Every 3 to 5 years, flowers pop up out of nowhere.
00:34:26 It's so famous, it's also called the "flowering desert."
00:34:31 Seeds lie around in the ground, just waiting for some rain.
00:34:34 When the desert gets enough water, about 200 types of flowers sprout up.
00:34:39 The yellow sands of the Atacama turn purple, white, green, and pink.
00:34:46 This happened in June 2009.
00:34:49 People in certain areas in Japan left their homes after a heavy downpour, only to find
00:34:55 fish, frogs, and tadpoles everywhere.
00:34:58 Fields, roads, lawns, rooftops were littered with these aquatic creatures.
00:35:04 One man was shocked to see 13 carp on and around his truck.
00:35:08 Apparently, he stopped to count them.
00:35:11 No one knows for sure where the bizarre rain came from, but the most popular theory claims
00:35:16 that a powerful water spout picked up all these creatures, then it carried them through
00:35:20 the upper atmosphere and dropped the animals on the unsuspecting people below.
00:35:27 Shelf clouds look like something from a sci-fi movie.
00:35:30 They form when warm and moist air gets caught in a thunderstorm updraft.
00:35:35 These ominous clouds most often mean a storm is coming.
00:35:39 Breathtaking rainbow clouds appear on top of cotton-like puffy clouds after thunderstorms.
00:35:46 The puffy clouds are low-altitude ones.
00:35:48 They usually hover at a height of around 6,000 ft.
00:35:52 When the water vapor they contain condenses, the resulting droplets act like prisms.
00:35:58 This forms multicolored caps over the clouds.
00:36:02 Morning glory clouds are extremely rare.
00:36:05 They look like massive tubes stretching across the sky.
00:36:08 They can snake for more than 600 miles, sitting relatively low.
00:36:13 Most researchers agree that these clouds appear when an updraft squeezes through the cloud.
00:36:19 This creates the signature rolling appearance.
00:36:22 The cool air at the back of the cloud makes it sink downward.
00:36:26 The best, but not the only place to see morning glory is Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria.
00:36:32 If you decide to travel there to see these clouds, choose a period from late September
00:36:37 to early November.
00:36:40 It was 2012 when the sky turned first ominous dark, then yellow.
00:36:46 After that, blue gelatinous balls started to fall to the ground.
00:36:51 A man from the UK found these balls outside during a hailstorm.
00:36:55 He was walking to his garage when he spotted something unusually bright among the whitish
00:36:59 hailstones.
00:37:01 When researchers examined this "jelly rain," they found out the balls were made from the
00:37:05 substance used in diapers or potting soil.
00:37:09 It's used to absorb liquid.
00:37:11 It's still unclear whether the balls fell from the sky, or maybe the melting ice made
00:37:16 a few already existing crystals expand in the blink of an eye.
00:37:22 Huge white lumps over your head are called mammatus clouds.
00:37:26 They can make you believe the sky is falling.
00:37:29 Most clouds form when the air rises into the atmosphere, but not mammatus ones.
00:37:35 They appear when moist and cool air goes down and mixes with dry air.
00:37:39 The result?
00:37:40 Unique puffed rice clouds.
00:37:43 By the way, if you spot this phenomenon, bad weather is just around the corner.
00:37:48 Whoa, mama!
00:37:50 Colorful nacreous clouds occur extremely high in the atmosphere.
00:37:54 I mean, twice as high as a commercial airplane's cruising altitude.
00:37:59 The air at such heights is extremely dry and cold.
00:38:03 Ice crystals in nacreous clouds are much smaller than those that form more common clouds.
00:38:08 They scatter light in a different way.
00:38:11 And this gives the clouds their Mother of Pearl appearance.
00:38:15 Blood rain looks more terrifying than any horror movie.
00:38:19 But in reality, there's nothing strange or unnatural about this weather phenomenon.
00:38:24 People have known about such scarlet-tinted rains since the time of ancient Rome.
00:38:30 Those powerful winds lift red dust into the atmosphere and carry it far, far away.
00:38:36 To another galaxy!
00:38:38 In the end, this dust gets mixed with clouds, which colors the rain.
00:38:43 By the way, dust from coal mines can make the rain black.
00:38:47 Pollen is responsible for yellow rains.
00:38:50 And some other kinds of dust can turn the rainwater white.
00:38:55 In Australia, it sometimes rains spiders.
00:38:58 That's because these creatures can balloon.
00:39:01 That's a highly unusual way of traveling.
00:39:04 A spider climbs to the very top of a tall tree or shrub.
00:39:08 And then it spins several strands of silk.
00:39:11 These strands help the spider to be carried away by the wind.
00:39:15 It's not easy to spot ballooning.
00:39:17 But sometimes, if the weather is especially damp and unpleasant, mass ballooning happens.
00:39:23 And then you can't help but pay attention.
00:39:27 Thousands of spiders set off on a journey to find another place with better conditions.
00:39:31 It may seem like it's snowing outside, but no, those are spiders drifting down to the
00:39:37 ground.
00:39:38 Ever see huge round disks in the sky?
00:39:42 Most likely, those were lenticular clouds.
00:39:45 They usually form over large and high places, like mountains or hills.
00:39:49 When strong winds bump into some barrier, this creates an air wave.
00:39:54 The air kind of wraps around the obstacle.
00:39:57 And the higher the barrier is, the colder the air that's rising over it becomes.
00:40:01 At some point, the moisture it contains turns into water droplets, and they form the unusual
00:40:07 clouds.
00:40:08 Lenticular clouds can look like waves, a pizza, or even a stack of pancakes.
00:40:13 How yummy!
00:40:15 Volcanic tornadoes are possibly one of the most terrifying natural phenomena.
00:40:20 When a volcano erupts, it spews red-hot rock and ash high into the air.
00:40:25 As for solid lava pieces and hot gases, they travel down the volcano's slope.
00:40:31 When this flow moves down, some of the trapped gases begin to rise and spin at the same time.
00:40:37 They get squeezed by the surrounding air, which makes them spin faster and faster.
00:40:42 That's how a volcanic tornado gets born.
00:40:45 Luckily, this phenomenon has a very short lifespan.
00:40:49 On March 19, 2018, the inhabitants of Alabama had to run for their lives.
00:40:55 Otherwise they would've been hit by huge chunks of ice falling from the sky.
00:41:00 It was the infamous hailstorm that caused millions of dollars worth of damage.
00:41:05 After the hailstorm, the area looked gloomy.
00:41:08 Broken shop windows, smashed car windshields, busted billboards, holes in the roofs.
00:41:14 At least researchers got excited when they found a hailstone near the town of Cullman.
00:41:19 This softball-sized monster was more than 5 inches across.
00:41:23 No wonder it set a new state record.
00:41:26 Cylindrical snow donuts occur when a wind gust decides to make a snowball.
00:41:32 It starts to roll some snow across a snowy area.
00:41:35 If it were a real snowball, it would eventually become too heavy for the wind to move.
00:41:40 But the snow donut's center is hollowed out.
00:41:43 This happens because its inner layer is too thin and is blown away when the donut is formed.
00:41:49 This makes it lighter than a snowball, and that's why it also rolls farther.
00:41:53 Unfortunately, you just can't go and find snow donuts.
00:41:57 They're rare because they need very precise conditions to appear.
00:42:02 Moonbows are a much rarer phenomenon than rainbows.
00:42:05 They're caused by moonlight rather than direct sunlight and occur only when the moon
00:42:10 is near full.
00:42:12 Moonbows are dim and often seem to be white.
00:42:15 But it's just an illusion.
00:42:17 The human eye is just not sensitive enough to catch all the colors.
00:42:21 Lightning balls are small floating spheres of light.
00:42:25 They can be orange, yellow, or even red.
00:42:28 Sometimes lightning balls descend from the sky.
00:42:30 In other cases, they appear out of nowhere, hovering several feet above the ground.
00:42:36 They don't emit any heat or produce very little sound.
00:42:39 Lightning balls can bounce off objects.
00:42:41 If they come across something electrical, like a TV, they usually disappear with a quiet
00:42:46 pop, leaving behind the smell of sulfur.
00:42:50 But lightning balls can also start fires or explode.
00:42:54 Scientists believe lightning balls might be connected with thunderstorms, but there's
00:42:58 no solid proof yet.
00:43:01 Fogbows are almost white, pale blue on the inside, and faint red on the outside.
00:43:07 You have higher chances of seeing a fogbow over the cold sea or ocean when warm air comes
00:43:13 into contact with much colder air.
00:43:16 This phenomenon also occurs when the sun is bright, and the fog is thin enough for the
00:43:20 light to get through.
00:43:22 Pele's hair is thin lava threads.
00:43:25 They look golden and pretty, but don't even think about picking them up.
00:43:29 Yeah, they can harm you.
00:43:31 The wind sometimes catches small droplets of lava coming from active volcanoes.
00:43:36 These droplets get carried miles away from the vent.
00:43:40 They get stretched into super-thin glass wires, also called hair lava.
00:43:45 Some strands can be as long as 6 feet!
00:43:49 In March 2018, those who looked up in the sky in northern Nevada saw one of the rarest
00:43:54 and most bizarre clouds ever.
00:43:57 It was a horseshoe cloud.
00:43:59 Such a vortex happens when a flat cloud travels over a column of warm, rising air.
00:44:05 This air not only gives the cloud its impressive shape, but also adds some spin to its movement.
00:44:11 But you've gotta be quick – horseshoe clouds are very fleeting and usually last
00:44:16 for only several minutes.
00:44:18 Frost flowers bloom on young sea ice in the Arctic Ocean or on thin lake ice.
00:44:23 They're fragile and delicate ice crystals.
00:44:27 These structures grow during temperature changes.
00:44:29 They draw moisture from the ice surface and rise, capturing bacteria and salt.
00:44:35 You can find frost flowers in Antarctica too.
00:44:38 But wherever these crystals grow, people know, disappointingly, very little about them.
00:44:44 Still, they're awfully pretty!
00:44:52 The Baxindae Tsunami, Indonesia An undersea earthquake starts in the morning.
00:44:57 Its tremors cause a series of tsunami waves.
00:45:01 The largest reaches the height of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.
00:45:05 Unzen Volcano Mega Tsunami A powerful volcanic eruption triggers a landslide
00:45:11 from a 4,000-year-old lava dome.
00:45:13 It sweeps through the city of Shimabara and reaches the sea, setting off a mega tsunami.
00:45:19 The Vagent Dam Mega Tsunami, Italy A landslide drags 9 billion cubic feet of
00:45:25 forest, soil, and rock into the lake.
00:45:28 A dark wall of water covers the sky over a tiny village at the bottom of the Vagent Dam.
00:45:35 Then with a deafening roar, the wave overtops the edge of the dam, taking out everything
00:45:40 in its path.
00:45:42 Mount St. Helens Mega Tsunami, USA As the volcano erupts, the upper 1,500 feet
00:45:49 of Mount St. Helens collapses into a massive landslide.
00:45:53 Part of this avalanche plunges down into nearby Spirit Lake, which splashes the lake waters
00:45:59 into a series of waves almost as tall as the Eiffel Tower.
00:46:03 Alaska's Lituya Bay Tsunami A landslide caused by an earthquake creates
00:46:08 a mega wave.
00:46:09 It surges over the headland and washes away trees, plants, and soil down to bedrock.
00:46:15 Molokai, Hawaii A third of the East Molokai volcano caves
00:46:20 in and collapses into the Pacific Ocean.
00:46:23 This causes a tsunami the size of the second tallest building in the world, Shanghai Tower.
00:46:28 The waves reach Mexico and California.
00:46:32 The Yucatan Asteroid Tsunami The asteroid, which is rumored to have wiped
00:46:36 out dinosaurs, strikes the Yucatan Peninsula.
00:46:40 It creates a mega tsunami, the largest in Earth's history.
00:46:44 The first wave's almost twice bigger than the world's tallest building, the Burj Khalifa.
00:46:52 Hurricane Mitch Mitch forms in the Western Caribbean Sea.
00:46:56 Soon it strengthens to become the 8th most powerful Atlantic hurricane ever.
00:47:01 The storm pours 4 inches of rain per hour for 2 days in Honduras.
00:47:05 It causes terrible mudslides and floods.
00:47:09 Hurricane Alan Rare and extremely powerful, the storm is
00:47:13 one of the few to reach Category 5, the highest possible.
00:47:17 It causes more than $2 billion in damage.
00:47:20 The Great Hurricane After tearing down Barbados, the storm moves
00:47:25 on.
00:47:26 It strips the bark off the trees growing on Martinique and St. Lucia and travels further.
00:47:31 This horrific natural disaster lasts for 6 days.
00:47:35 Hurricane Dorian It's the most powerful tropical cyclone
00:47:39 to hit the Bahamas.
00:47:40 The hurricane flattens most of the structures on the islands and sweeps them into the sea.
00:47:46 Hurricane Wilma The storm occurs in the Caribbean Sea near
00:47:49 Jamaica and heads to the west.
00:47:52 Two days later, it gathers enough power to turn into the most intense hurricane ever
00:47:57 recorded in the Atlantic Ocean.
00:48:00 Hurricane Patricia A regular storm develops a well-defined eye
00:48:04 and turns into a Category 5 hurricane within a mere 24 hours.
00:48:09 At one point, it travels faster than a Ferrari moving at its top speed.
00:48:14 It makes Patricia the world's most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.
00:48:21 Kamchatka earthquake It happens in the early morning 80 miles
00:48:25 away from the shores of Kamchatka.
00:48:27 The earth tremors produce a tsunami.
00:48:30 The first two waves are catastrophic, up to 60 feet high.
00:48:34 The third one's much weaker.
00:48:36 Valparaiso earthquake, Chile It happens at about 5 am along the boundary
00:48:41 of two tectonic plates.
00:48:43 The tsunami, triggered by the earthquake, wipes out 620 miles of Chile's coastline.
00:48:50 Tohoku earthquake, Japan The first earth tremors start at a great underwater
00:48:55 depth.
00:48:56 The earthquake is so strong, it moves Japan's main island.
00:49:00 It shifts the planet on its axis by up to 10 inches and increases its rotation speed.
00:49:05 The disaster also triggers a tsunami with 133-foot-high waves that travel 6 miles inland.
00:49:13 Indian Ocean earthquake, Sumatra A rupture along two tectonic plates sets off
00:49:18 an undersea earthquake.
00:49:20 It begins at about 8 am near northern Sumatra, Indonesia.
00:49:24 It makes the planet vibrate nearly a half inch and sets off earthquakes all over the
00:49:29 world up to Alaska.
00:49:32 Good Friday earthquake, Alaska The most powerful earthquake recorded in North
00:49:37 America lasts for 4 minutes and 38 seconds.
00:49:40 A 600-mile-long crack causes terrible landslides and a 27-foot tsunami.
00:49:47 Earthquakes 200 miles away get raised by 30 feet.
00:49:50 Other places permanently drop 8 feet.
00:49:54 Valdiva, Chile The Great Chilean Earthquake starts in the
00:49:58 afternoon and lasts for no less than 10 minutes.
00:50:02 The disaster affects an area the size of California.
00:50:05 It triggers tsunamis that reach the shore of Hawaii, Japan, the Philippines, Australia,
00:50:10 and New Zealand.
00:50:14 The average tornado usually lasts less than 10 minutes, but there are exceptions.
00:50:20 El Reno tornado It's considered the world's largest tornado
00:50:24 based on width.
00:50:25 At its peak, the twister reaches 2.5 miles across.
00:50:30 The Perryville tornado, US It occurs at about 2 am and starts with snapping
00:50:36 hardwood trees and breaking down stone constructions.
00:50:39 Then the whirlwind becomes stronger.
00:50:42 It levels two-story buildings, flips and tosses cars as if they were toys.
00:50:47 Bridge Creek Moor tornado When the twister gets into the town of Bridge
00:50:51 Creek, its width is at its peak – 1 to 1.5 miles.
00:50:56 The wind speed of the tornado reaches more than 300 mph.
00:51:00 This natural disaster causes $1 billion in damage.
00:51:05 Manitoba, Canada An outstanding tornado rages for nearly 3
00:51:09 hours.
00:51:10 It breaks tons of trees and utility poles, damages roads and farmhouses, but miraculously
00:51:16 misses every town on its path.
00:51:20 Tri-state tornado, US The world's longest-lasting single tornado
00:51:25 travels 220 miles through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.
00:51:30 The average tornado's path is usually no longer than 5 miles.
00:51:35 Tupelo, Gainesville, US An outbreak that consists of at least 12 single
00:51:40 tornadoes wipes out everything on its way.
00:51:44 The accompanying rainstorms also trigger severe flash floods that make matters even worse.
00:51:53 Val Giant landslide, Italy At 10 pm, a landslide with a volume of 100
00:51:59 Great Pyramids of Giza breaks off from the top of Monte Tocco.
00:52:03 It falls into the Val Giant Dam reservoir, producing a tsunami wave taller than the Golden
00:52:08 Gate Bridge.
00:52:10 Yunnan, China An avalanche of rocks, stones, and mud, so
00:52:14 big it could fill up Sydney Harbor, forms a dam on the Jincha River.
00:52:20 The Hida River, Japan Triggered by a rainstorm, 300,000 Olympic
00:52:25 swimming pools of debris flows down before getting stopped by another, earlier landslide.
00:52:31 Along the way, the landslide sweeps two buses off the road.
00:52:35 Peru A rock slide dams the Rio Montanero, a long
00:52:40 river running through the center of Peru.
00:52:43 The whole process takes no more than 3 minutes, which means the landslide moves at a speed
00:52:48 of up to 87 mph.
00:52:50 It also leaves a trail of debris 5 miles long.
00:52:54 The Usoy Dam, Tajikistan Set off by a magnitude 7.4 earthquake, the
00:53:01 rock slide falls into the Mergab River and blocks its flow.
00:53:04 That's how the Usoy Dam, one of the tallest in the world, appears.
00:53:10 Mount St. Helens, USA At 8.30 am, after much build-up, a volcanic
00:53:16 vent finally gives way and sets off a catastrophic eruption, which makes the entire north side
00:53:22 of Mount St. Helens fall away.
00:53:24 It's the world's largest recorded landslide.
00:53:28 North Bonneville, US In the middle of the 15th century, a great
00:53:33 earthquake occurs.
00:53:34 An incredible amount of debris rushes down from Table Mountain.
00:53:38 It covers more than 5 square miles and blocks the Columbia River with a dam 200 feet high
00:53:44 and 3.5 miles long.
00:53:48 Kyiv You've been dreaming of getting here for
00:53:52 years.
00:53:54 Taking out your trusty camera, you start taking pictures of the cathedrals, aviation
00:53:58 museum, and the Dnipro River, when without warning, there's an enormous boom behind
00:54:04 you.
00:54:05 Turning around, you see something towering in the distance.
00:54:08 It looks like a gigantic explosion.
00:54:11 Uh-oh, time to leave fast!
00:54:13 In June 2020, what the people of Kyiv were looking at was an anvil cloud, a rare storm
00:54:19 formation in the sky.
00:54:22 Storming when strong air currents carry water vapor upwards, the air expands and spreads
00:54:27 out as it hits the bottom of the stratosphere.
00:54:31 It pushes the dense cloud into the cool anvil shape you see, and sometimes it even gets
00:54:36 to be a mushroom.
00:54:39 Anvil clouds produce some of the most dangerous lightning of all storms, one that's called
00:54:44 a "bolt out of the blue."
00:54:46 This lightning strike seems to magically come out of the blue sky with the storm being many
00:54:51 miles away.
00:54:53 This type of bolt comes from the top of the anvil and can be 10 times more powerful than
00:54:59 a typical lightning strike.
00:55:02 People got so frightened after witnessing a giant cloud just 60 miles away, thinking
00:55:07 something terrible must've happened.
00:55:09 The locals had pictures of the large billow on social media before officials could explain
00:55:14 what was going on.
00:55:17 Authorities managed to calm everyone's fears by informing them it was nothing more than
00:55:21 a natural phenomenon, and a beautiful one at that.
00:55:26 Before dissipating, these clouds typically stay in one area, regardless of how strong
00:55:31 the wind is.
00:55:33 Touring around the northern tip of Queensland, Australia, way away from those creepy crawlies,
00:55:39 it's time to take a break and relax at the beach.
00:55:43 Feeling comfortable, you notice a great big shadow passes over you, then another, and
00:55:48 yet another.
00:55:50 Looking up, this weird weather is simply stunning.
00:55:54 The clouds are called "morning glory," a very rare type of cloud that almost seems
00:55:59 to roll across the sky, looking like a massive tube.
00:56:04 These clouds can measure up to 600 miles long, even appearing in large groups as well.
00:56:11 This phenomenon is the result of an updraft pushing through the cloud, creating a rolling
00:56:16 appearance, while moist cooler air at the back causes them to sink downward.
00:56:23 Southern India, between July and September 2001.
00:56:27 People witnessed one of the strangest weather phenomenon in recorded history.
00:56:32 The rain was red.
00:56:35 What many would've thought to be a typical rainstorm left them shocked.
00:56:39 The color was bright enough to stain clothes.
00:56:42 There were other colors too, such as green, yellow, brown, and even black.
00:56:48 In the middle of a monsoon, red rain started to fall, and did so periodically for several
00:56:54 weeks.
00:56:55 Researchers have found this unusual rain is stained either by dust or algae, so don't
00:57:01 try to catch any on your tongue.
00:57:05 Scientists aren't entirely sure how the algae got all the way up there.
00:57:09 This does make events like this a little unsettling.
00:57:13 Like to take a bubble bath to relax after an exhausting day, but taking too long to
00:57:18 fill the bathtub?
00:57:19 Problem solved – head to any coastline after a big storm and take a dip.
00:57:25 Foamy tides aren't native to any one place or location.
00:57:29 They can be formed anywhere in the world.
00:57:31 They're most likely to happen along rocky coastlines, like the coast of San Francisco,
00:57:37 Northern Ireland, or the Mooloolaba, Australia.
00:57:41 Each coast has differing conditions forming the sea foams.
00:57:45 If you scoop up seawater into a glass and look at it closely, you'll see it's full
00:57:50 of tiny particles.
00:57:52 Many things like plants, chemicals, and lots of salt and minerals create the perfect formula
00:57:58 for foam.
00:58:00 When powerful currents and wind mix it all together, we get something that resembles
00:58:04 a cappuccino top floating on top of the water.
00:58:09 When freezing temperatures hit orchards in Michigan, all kinds of unusual things happen.
00:58:15 Like ghost apples.
00:58:16 No, they're not going to scare you at all.
00:58:19 But if you plan on sneaking away one winter to find one, be warned!
00:58:24 Everything has to be perfect for this to occur, and it's going to be freezing cold.
00:58:30 This is actually a rare weather phenomenon caused by having the apples freeze where they
00:58:34 are with rain coating the fruit in a thin layer of ice.
00:58:39 The apples then thaw and leak out like applesauce, leaving just the beautiful ice shell behind.
00:58:47 The Catatumbo River in Venezuela might be the most electric place in the world, with
00:58:53 nearly 300 storm days per year.
00:58:56 The lightning storms are so consistent, they're predicted for 3 months in advance.
00:59:02 During the wet season in October, you might see 30 lightning flashes in a single minute,
00:59:07 a truly shocking experience.
00:59:11 With each bulb having the energy to power a single light bulb for 6 months, the impressive
00:59:16 display could power all of Venezuela forever.
00:59:20 At sunset, strong winds flow around the three surrounding mountains, forming storm clouds
00:59:26 over the water.
00:59:27 As the water droplets of humid air collide with ice crystals from the cold air, it produces
00:59:33 the static charges that cause the lightning storms nearly every night.
00:59:39 If that wasn't bad enough, some storms have lightning above them as well.
00:59:43 Try to take a picture of this one!
00:59:46 Jellyfish lightning sprites are electrical discharges high in Earth's atmosphere.
00:59:51 They're associated with powerful thunderstorms, but they have nothing to do with rain.
00:59:57 These sprites occur 30 to 50 miles up in the sky, in the mesosphere.
01:00:03 Artificial lights at night make it a lot harder to see this faint lightning.
01:00:08 If you spot one, it'll look tiny but can be well over 30 miles wide!
01:00:14 The red sprites are a type of cold plasma discharge above a thundercloud.
01:00:19 They're the balance of the lightning charges between the storm clouds and the ground below.
01:00:25 Don't try to find this type of donut at your favorite bakery – it won't be there!
01:00:30 Snow donuts are one of the rarest meteorological sights to see, with perfect weather conditions
01:00:36 needed just to create them.
01:00:39 Found in any snow-covered mountain area, like the Rocky Mountains, the wind, temperature,
01:00:44 snow, ice, and moisture have to all work together for us to see these phenomenal rings.
01:00:51 A thin layer of wet snow on the ground.
01:00:54 Under that layer, ice or powdered snow.
01:00:57 Then a strong enough breeze to roll the donut down a hill, just like a snowball.
01:01:03 Once it stops rolling, it can be the size of a baseball or as large as a car tire.
01:01:09 It all depends on how strong the wind is.
01:01:12 A newly formed snow donut won't stay around for very long, so hurry up with that camera!
01:01:19 Watching the sunset over the horizon, the beautiful purples and pink overhead are nothing
01:01:25 compared to the three suns you see in front of you.
01:01:28 Wow, since when did Earth get three suns?
01:01:32 These phantom stars sometimes appearing besides the sun are called sun dogs.
01:01:38 Maybe they're called that because they're kind of "dogging" the actual sun?
01:01:43 Sun dogs often appear as colored areas of light at the same height above the horizon
01:01:48 as the sun.
01:01:49 They're mostly observed on a ring or halo, where ice crystals best reflect the light.
01:01:55 There are also moon dogs that appear alongside the moon and are formed by lunar light passing
01:02:01 through ice crystals, though these aren't seen nearly as much as their daytime partners.
01:02:08 Taking photos in the wild, you've finally found the perfect spot to take that dream
01:02:13 shot.
01:02:14 The crystal clear water, the pines, the mountains, and the flying saucer!
01:02:19 Wait, a flying saucer?
01:02:22 Oh, aliens are here!
01:02:25 You might be thinking this if you saw a saucer-shaped cloud.
01:02:29 I'm not even going to try to pronounce their name, though.
01:02:32 Put that on the screen, please.
01:02:34 Wait, just kidding!
01:02:35 It's Autocumulus lenticularis.
01:02:38 Aren't you impressed?
01:02:40 These are really just unusual cloud formations over mountaintops.
01:02:45 When moist air flows over a mountain, a wave is created if the temperature difference is
01:02:50 perfect.
01:02:51 As the air passes through the wave, evaporation occurs, and a series of these clouds may form
01:02:57 into an oval shape.
01:03:00 Not aliens at all!
01:03:03 The sky is falling, the sky is falling!
01:03:06 Well, people who've experienced these clouds say they look like they're coming down from
01:03:11 the sky.
01:03:12 Mammatus clouds look like giant white lumpy marshmallows, but it might be hard to toast
01:03:18 these ones.
01:03:20 These weird fluffy clouds can extend hundreds of miles in any direction, remaining visible
01:03:25 for short periods at the bottom of anvil or other thunderstorm clouds.
01:03:31 The strange bubble shapes are formed from turbulence within the storm itself, creating
01:03:36 an uneven cloud base and appearing anywhere in the world.
01:03:40 Mammatus clouds form when moist air sinks into dry air.
01:03:45 The air must be cooler than its surroundings, cooled with ice, or be heavy with water.
01:03:53 If there were cataclysms on Earth every 5 minutes, living conditions on our planet would
01:03:58 be almost the same as 4.5 billion years ago.
01:04:02 Back then, seas and oceans boiled, lightning struck everywhere, tectonic plates changed
01:04:08 their shape, lava flowed from volcanoes, and worse, no Internet!
01:04:14 The Earth resembled a vast boiling cauldron where life was gradually being created.
01:04:19 If it starts to boil again, this cauldron could destroy almost all life on the planet.
01:04:26 Insecutive cataclysms won't hurt to pretend.
01:04:29 Let's imagine, shall we?
01:04:31 Good morning!
01:04:32 You wake up in a small underground bunker.
01:04:34 The seismic sensor indicates that a 7-point earthquake will start in a few minutes.
01:04:40 You pack a huge waterproof backpack and go upstairs.
01:04:43 The underground bunker is protected from seismic activity.
01:04:47 It moves with the ground, so you're safe here.
01:04:50 But you need to leave the shelter because supplies are low.
01:04:53 Also, yesterday, you picked up a radio signal telling all survivors to go south immediately.
01:04:59 The coordinates they gave aren't far from your location.
01:05:02 You have to hurry, though, before the landscape changes again.
01:05:06 You open the hatch and find yourself in the middle of the desert.
01:05:10 The sun is almost invisible beyond the gray sky.
01:05:13 The ground is shaking, but you're not afraid.
01:05:16 There are no houses or buildings, nothing to fall on you.
01:05:19 You keep your balance perfectly, and the earthquake doesn't knock you off your feet.
01:05:24 It's like jumping on a trampoline.
01:05:26 The only danger is the deep chasms in the ground, but you can easily jump over them.
01:05:31 After such an extreme morning warm-up, you decide to have breakfast.
01:05:36 You take a tin can out of your backpack.
01:05:38 You have a few minutes before the next disaster, so you eat and remember how your great-grandfather
01:05:44 told you how all this started.
01:05:46 Before all of this, the planet was divided into territories called countries.
01:05:51 Millions of people lived in them, and then something terrible happened.
01:05:55 The tectonic plates started to move, and the air temperature and atmospheric pressure began
01:06:00 to rapidly change.
01:06:02 In one day, earthquakes destroyed entire cities.
01:06:05 Tsunamis and floods washed away the remaining ruins.
01:06:09 Volcanic ash blocked the passage of sunlight.
01:06:12 Ice fires destroyed almost all vegetation, and eruptions poisoned the air.
01:06:17 Only a few people managed to adapt to such harsh conditions, and you are a lucky duck
01:06:22 to be one of them.
01:06:24 As you finish your breakfast, you're distracted by another ground tremor.
01:06:28 Time to move on!
01:06:30 Many people travel around the world alone, as they consider it a safer way of life.
01:06:35 Some people form small communes, but no one ever stays in one place for too long.
01:06:40 Your whole life is in motion, but you don't panic.
01:06:43 One of the main rules during natural disasters is to remain calm, so all survivors have steel
01:06:49 nerves and excellent physical training.
01:06:52 You run a few miles south and suddenly smell something strange.
01:06:56 You put on a gas mask.
01:06:58 The earthquake has created a limnic eruption.
01:07:02 Natural carbon dioxide is released from the ground to the surface.
01:07:05 You feel comfortable in a gas mask, but can't run fast while wearing it.
01:07:10 Far up ahead, you see a green forest, a rare place that was not affected by fires.
01:07:16 You take off the gas mask and go to the tree to take shelter in the shade from the scorching
01:07:21 sun.
01:07:22 This green area is rich in vegetation.
01:07:25 Colorful flowers, strawberries, and many other berries grow here.
01:07:29 But you're concerned.
01:07:30 Such fertile land comes from being near volcanoes.
01:07:34 It spews underground magma rich in vitamins and minerals, so vegetation grows.
01:07:39 You can see a high mountain in the distance.
01:07:42 This is the volcano.
01:07:44 An underground push occurs again and provokes an eruption.
01:07:47 You gather strawberries and run away from this place as far as possible.
01:07:52 Lava pours from the volcano's mouth and makes a fire in the forest.
01:07:57 You unhook a folding scooter with a motor from your backpack and drive away from the
01:08:01 fiery mountain as fast as you can.
01:08:04 The sky is covered with volcanic ash, but this is not for long.
01:08:08 A strong wind flows, grows with each passing second.
01:08:12 You realize a hurricane is moving in your direction.
01:08:15 You take out a small shovel and dig a hole in the ground.
01:08:19 The soil is dry, but you have enough strength to dig a small ravine in a couple of minutes.
01:08:24 You dive into the shelter and cover yourself with a protective tent.
01:08:28 The hurricane blows the volcanic ash in different directions, and the air becomes clear again.
01:08:34 But the fire doesn't stop.
01:08:36 The wind spreads through the forest, you get out of the ravine and put on the gas mask
01:08:40 again.
01:08:41 There's a lot of smoke around, and it's unbearably hot.
01:08:45 You know the hurricane couldn't just appear without any reason.
01:08:49 Hurricanes are formed when warm moist air collides with the sea surface and rises to
01:08:53 the sky, so there's water nearby.
01:08:56 Great, because you're thirsty and want to cool down.
01:08:59 A loud sound erupts behind you.
01:09:01 You turn around; a massive wave of water approaches the fire.
01:09:06 Without panic, you take your life jacket out of your backpack, remove your gas mask, and
01:09:11 put on a diving mask and fins.
01:09:14 The wave blows you off your feet, but you don't drown.
01:09:17 Over the years of survival, you have learned to swim very well.
01:09:21 You grab a passing tree and wait patiently for the flood to be replaced by another natural
01:09:27 disaster.
01:09:28 For 5 minutes, you sail under a black stormy sky that sparkles with lightning.
01:09:33 Despite the waves, you try to row south.
01:09:36 It's getting pretty cold.
01:09:38 You finally see the shore, but this is not land, but ice.
01:09:42 A strong wind brought a cold cyclone, which caused a fast temperature change.
01:09:48 It's like you're in Antarctica.
01:09:50 Snow and blizzards are all around.
01:09:52 It's freezing, but you take out a thin space blanket made from foil and walk slowly south.
01:09:59 Under your clothes, you put crumpled paper, bubble wrap, pieces of cotton.
01:10:03 All this also helps to warm your body.
01:10:06 Along the way, you collect several bottles of snow to melt later.
01:10:10 Icicles form on your face, and you can't see because of the snowstorm.
01:10:15 Suddenly, the snow begins to squish under your feet.
01:10:18 The ice melts and turns into water.
01:10:21 A hot stream of air blows into your face.
01:10:24 You find yourself on hard, dry ground, looking up at the sky.
01:10:28 Then at your watch, 5 minutes pass, and the sky is again covered with black clouds.
01:10:34 You take a metal plate out of your backpack and cover your head with it.
01:10:38 A few seconds later, you are hit by heavy rain and hail.
01:10:43 Giant balls of ice knock on the metal shield, but you go calmly and even with a smile on
01:10:48 your face.
01:10:49 The ground becomes wet and loose from icy rocks.
01:10:52 When the hail ends, you pull out all the heat-insulating materials from under your clothes and hide
01:10:58 them in your backpack.
01:11:00 Then you lay out a few long spokes of steel.
01:11:03 The spokes are wrapped with copper wire.
01:11:06 You connect the spokes to each other, making one long antenna.
01:11:10 You stick it in the ground and run away.
01:11:13 After the hail from the rain clouds, lightning strikes the ground.
01:11:17 More precisely, it hits the lightning rod you've just built.
01:11:20 You wait for the storm to end, then take the lightning rod apart and return it to your
01:11:25 backpack.
01:11:26 An intense heat begins.
01:11:28 You drink some melted snow and break your way through the desert.
01:11:32 The Earth trembles, and your adventure begins again.
01:11:35 Earthquakes, carbon dioxide, fires, floods, snowfall, tsunamis, lightning, and again and
01:11:41 again and again.
01:11:43 With the help of a compass, you continue your journey and reach your goal a few months later.
01:11:49 You see a long antenna sticking out of the ground.
01:11:52 This is a placemark for entering an underground city.
01:11:56 The city is built from dozens of massive bunkers connected to each other by tunnels.
01:12:01 The city walls don't allow radiation to pass through, and they don't bend from daily
01:12:06 earthquakes.
01:12:07 People learn to extract energy from the ground.
01:12:10 The Earth's core gives heat.
01:12:12 This heat boils water, then steam is formed, and electricity is created at special stations.
01:12:18 People get water from underground lakes and rivers.
01:12:21 Instead of the sun, ultraviolet lamps are installed everywhere, which provide people
01:12:26 and plants with necessary light.
01:12:29 Natural disasters happen on Earth every 5 minutes.
01:12:32 But humanity still has a lot of space underground.
01:12:37 In Russia, on the shores of the Baltic Sea, there's an enigmatic national park.
01:12:43 The Dancing Forest is a place that no scientist has managed to explain so far.
01:12:48 The pine trees of the forest are all crooked and twisted into loops and spirals.
01:12:53 The forest didn't appear until the early 60s, when the pines were planted in order
01:12:57 to make the sand dune in that area more stable.
01:13:00 One theory is that it's the unstable sand that made the trees twist in such a way.
01:13:05 Other theories for the crooked trees are strong winds, or even supernatural powers.
01:13:11 Some people say the forest is a place where positive and negative energies meet, twisting
01:13:15 the trees.
01:13:17 Local legend says that if a person climbs through one of the rings of a tree, it'll
01:13:21 add an extra year to this person's life, or they'll be granted a wish.
01:13:26 I like that one.
01:13:27 Speaking of bizarre trees, and I was, one grows in the region of Piedmont, Italy.
01:13:33 There, a cherry tree grows on the top of a mulberry tree.
01:13:37 The strange thing is that both trees are perfectly healthy.
01:13:42 A continuous storm at Saturn's North Pole has an odd shape – a hexagon.
01:13:48 This is probably because of the gradient of the winds.
01:13:51 The total length of this cloud pattern is 9,000 miles, which is about 1,200 miles longer
01:13:57 than the Earth's diameter.
01:13:59 The hexagon has been observed for many years, but it gets even more mysterious because it
01:14:04 changes color too.
01:14:06 It used to be turquoise, but it has recently shifted to a golden color.
01:14:10 The reason for the color change is that the pole gets exposed to sunlight as the seasons
01:14:16 change.
01:14:18 Rain isn't unusual for Oakville, Washington.
01:14:21 However, this one still doesn't have any solid scientific explanation.
01:14:26 Instead of common raindrops, people watched translucent jelly-like blobs fall from the
01:14:31 skies.
01:14:32 These blobs covered about 20 square miles.
01:14:35 Those who got really close to the rain experienced flu-like symptoms.
01:14:40 What were the blobs?
01:14:42 Researchers claim that the blobs contain human white blood cells.
01:14:46 Later tests showed no presence of nuclei.
01:14:49 Some people claim the blobs might've been evaporated jellyfish resulting in rain.
01:14:54 Or maybe even waste from a commercial plane.
01:14:58 Walking rocks, also known as sailing rocks, move across the Death Valley National Park
01:15:03 in California without any external intervention, leaving long trails in the dirt and sand along
01:15:10 their way.
01:15:12 Various time-lapse footages of the moving rocks have been taken.
01:15:16 Scientists even installed GPS navigators on some of the rocks, and it showed that the
01:15:20 rocks move at a considerable speed.
01:15:23 Some researchers believe that the movement is due to thin sheets of ice that form overnight
01:15:28 at freezing temperatures in the valley, letting the rocks move until it melts during the day.
01:15:34 Or there was a Rolling Stones concert.
01:15:37 Nah.
01:15:39 The Batageka Crater in Siberia looks like a doorway to the underworld.
01:15:44 It's about a half-mile long and over 280 feet deep, but it never stops growing.
01:15:50 As it gets deeper, it exposes more underground layers.
01:15:54 The layers show what our planet looked like thousands of years ago, as the slumps reveal
01:15:58 the used-to-be climates.
01:16:01 The crater appeared back in the '60s, and it all started with rapid deforestation.
01:16:06 Trees no longer cast shade on the ground, and it got hotter.
01:16:09 The permafrost melted, resulting in the crater formation.
01:16:15 The throbbing hum in Taos, New Mexico, has driven locals wild since the 1990s.
01:16:26 The low-frequency hum deprives people of sleep and depletes their energy.
01:16:31 Even though scientists have tried to find the source of the hum, they still haven't
01:16:35 pinpointed its origin.
01:16:37 Different variations of the hum have also been heard in the UK, Australia, Canada, and
01:16:41 other areas of the US.
01:16:43 Luckily, only about 2% of the world's population can hear it.
01:16:48 The hums have been blamed on mechanical devices, multiple disturbances of auditory systems,
01:16:53 and even animals.
01:16:54 The West Seattle hum, for example, was blamed on toadfish.
01:17:01 Fairy rings, also known as elf rings or pixie rings, are mysterious rings of mushrooms that
01:17:06 appear in grasslands and forested areas.
01:17:09 There's a lot of debate about why these fungi form a nearly perfect circle.
01:17:14 Some superstitions claim that fairy dances would burn the ground, causing mushrooms to
01:17:19 rapidly grow.
01:17:22 In Costa Rica, there's an assortment of about 300 spherical stone balls.
01:17:27 Locals call them "las bolas", which is simply "the balls" in English.
01:17:32 These stones have an almost perfect round shape.
01:17:35 Some of them are huge, weighing up to 16 tons each.
01:17:38 They're also made of different materials – gabbro, limestone, and sandstone.
01:17:43 They're considered to have been put in straight lines in front of the chiefs' houses, but
01:17:47 there's no precise information of their origin.
01:17:50 Some myths claim that these stones originated in Atlantis.
01:17:57 If you ever travel to the Mekong River in late October, you have a chance of seeing
01:18:02 glowing balls rising from the water and beelining up into the air.
01:18:07 Locals call these glowing balls the "Naga Fireballs".
01:18:10 The size of the lights vary.
01:18:12 The reddish balls can be as tiny as a spark and as large as a basketball.
01:18:17 There can be dozens to thousands of balls a night.
01:18:20 Scientists don't have any solid explanation for why it happens, but it could be due to
01:18:24 flammable gases released by the marshy environment.
01:18:28 Some superstitious locals are sure it's all because of a giant serpent living in the
01:18:33 Mekong.
01:18:34 Night balls of fire!
01:18:38 In Minnesota, on the north shore of Lake Superior, there's a park known for the Devil's Kettle.
01:18:44 This is a waterfall that splits in two.
01:18:47 One part of the river continues, while the other part disappears into a hole in the ground.
01:18:52 Whatever object you throw into the Devil's Kettle won't reappear.
01:18:56 Scientists still haven't fully explained where the water that drops into the hole goes.
01:19:01 Devil's Kettle is considered to be unsafe for people because it's nearly impossible
01:19:05 to trace the flow.
01:19:07 Yeah, not a place to go tubing.
01:19:11 Grunions are fish known for their bizarre mating ritual.
01:19:14 The females climb out of the water and onto the shore.
01:19:18 They dig their tails into the sand in order to lay eggs.
01:19:21 The legs stay hidden in the sand, waiting.
01:19:24 Ten days later, the high tide comes, washing the newly hatched young to the sea.
01:19:30 Still can't give any solid explanation for this way of breeding.
01:19:35 People who live in rural central Norway, over the Hestalen Valley, can often witness floating
01:19:41 lights of white, yellow, and red cross the sky.
01:19:45 The lights appear both at day and night, and once back in the 80s, they were spotted 15-20
01:19:51 times in a single week.
01:19:52 The Hestalen lights can last just a few seconds, but sometimes they can last more than an hour.
01:19:58 The lights move, seeming to float or even sway around.
01:20:03 Some scientists believe that the reason for these lights is due to ionized iron dust.
01:20:08 Others say it's combustion that includes sodium, oxygen, and hydrogen.
01:20:12 Many people claim they're just misidentified aircrafts.
01:20:18 Yellowstone Park has a famous boiling lake, but it's not the world's only place of
01:20:22 boiling water.
01:20:24 Up in the Amazon, there's the 4-mile Chanae-Tempishka River that's always hot.
01:20:30 The name means "boiled by the sun."
01:20:32 Well, it's not exactly boiling, but it can reach 196°F – enough to cook pasta!
01:20:39 Ooh, let's try that!
01:20:41 The lowest temperature in these waters is about 113°F.
01:20:45 This river still can't be scientifically explained because it would require close proximity
01:20:50 to a volcano for the water to reach such temperatures.
01:20:53 However, the closest volcano is 400 miles away.
01:20:58 But there could be a fault between the Earth that could explain this phenomenon.
01:21:04 In western Venezuela, locals living close to the Catatumbo River aren't afraid of
01:21:08 lightning because they see it almost every single night.
01:21:12 It starts at around 7 o'clock and doesn't stop until dawn.
01:21:16 The everlasting Catatumbo lightning did once stop for a few months, from January to March
01:21:22 2010.
01:21:23 It was probably due to drought.
01:21:25 Or maybe the charge ran out.
01:21:27 In 1991, a scientist suggested that the phenomenon happens because of cold and warm air currents
01:21:34 meeting in the area.
01:21:35 Another theory is that the lightning could be due to the presence of uranium in the bedrock.
01:21:41 Speaking of lightning, I gotta bolt!
01:21:43 Bye!
01:21:44 Hey, ever heard of a fire rainbow?
01:21:47 Yeah, me neither.
01:21:49 How about a circumhorizontal arc?
01:21:51 Didn't think so, but just so you know, they're one and the same thing.
01:21:56 At first glance, it looks like a painting, or like a rainbow-colored splash in the sky.
01:22:02 Despite the name, they have nothing in common with either fire or rain.
01:22:06 This phenomenon happens on rare occasions when the sun shines through a particular type
01:22:11 of ice cloud formation.
01:22:14 The rainbow halos are just as unique.
01:22:16 Again, a specific type of ice crystals and clouds needs to be present for the surface
01:22:21 of the Earth to bend light from the sun into a perfect ring.
01:22:26 The same thing can happen with moonlight.
01:22:28 The only difference will be that moon halos are usually white, and sun halos can be rainbow-colored.
01:22:35 When visiting regions with high altitudes, you may be one of the lucky people to stumble
01:22:40 upon penitentes.
01:22:42 They're basically naturally formed ice spikes.
01:22:45 For them to be formed, they need a really cold and elevated environment where the air
01:22:49 is dry.
01:22:50 The sunlight turns ice directly into vapor, rather than melting it into water.
01:22:56 And that's why these blades of snow and ice start to pop up on the surface of the
01:23:00 Earth.
01:23:01 As cute as they may be, they can end up as tall as 15 feet!
01:23:06 Now what happens when small individual droplets of lava meet the wind?
01:23:11 Peles hair, basically.
01:23:13 Let me explain.
01:23:14 The word "pele" comes from an ancient Hawaiian symbol for volcanoes.
01:23:19 Whenever the wind picks up little drops of lava, it stretches them into hair-like strands,
01:23:25 similar to the process of glass wire creation.
01:23:28 These delicate strands can stretch as far as 6 feet!
01:23:32 On rare occasions, it can rain without any clouds.
01:23:36 But does it really?
01:23:37 Let's look at the science behind this rare phenomenon.
01:23:41 It's sometimes called a "sun shower" just because it looks like the rain is falling
01:23:45 straight from the sun.
01:23:47 Let's be clear, though.
01:23:48 There is no way rain can ever come down directly from a star.
01:23:53 Rain clouds are at a bit of a distance from that specific location.
01:23:57 With sun rays being angled, the clouds become out of sight.
01:24:01 Add a little wind to blow the rain in your direction, and ta-da!
01:24:05 You get sun showers!
01:24:08 Located in Bolivia is a place called Salar de Uyuni.
01:24:12 It's the largest salt flat in the world.
01:24:14 It's also the home of half of the world's lithium, which is a crucial component for
01:24:19 making batteries.
01:24:20 But what else is so special about this place?
01:24:23 Well, whenever the rain season comes, it turns this piece of flat land into a perfectly reflective
01:24:29 mirror lake.
01:24:31 What comes to your mind when you hear about the Blood Falls?
01:24:34 A horror movie?
01:24:35 Well, they are merely a series of waterfalls located in one of the driest regions of Antarctica.
01:24:42 They emerge from an underground lake filled with a special kind of bacteria.
01:24:47 These little organisms use sulfates as fuel instead of sugars, which makes them very intriguing
01:24:52 for scientists.
01:24:54 The water contained in this lake is so full of iron that it basically just rusts when
01:24:59 it meets the air.
01:25:00 Hence, the reddish color of the waterfall, which also gives it its trademark name.
01:25:05 Ok, we all know the song, but it's not really made up.
01:25:10 There is actually such a thing called a desert rose.
01:25:13 It's not a plant, though, but a unique form of the mineral gypsum.
01:25:17 It develops in dry sandy places that can occasionally flood.
01:25:21 This constant switching between a wet and dry environment lets the gypsum crystals emerge
01:25:26 between grains of sand, trapping them and forming a rose-like shape.
01:25:32 Ever heard of the Eye of Sahara?
01:25:34 Scientists are still trying to figure out how it was formed.
01:25:38 You can only see it if you fly above it, but it's basically a naturally formed dome that
01:25:43 dates back to approximately 100 million years ago.
01:25:47 And no, I wasn't around then.
01:25:49 It has a rough diameter of 25 miles and consists of a bunch of concentric rings.
01:25:55 The biggest one, or the central area, measures about 19 miles in diameter.
01:26:01 Astronauts were some of the first people to notice it, and it's been studied ever since.
01:26:05 In fact, even to this day, when landing in Florida, they know they're almost home when
01:26:11 they see the Eye of Sahara.
01:26:14 One of the most beautifully colored trees in the world is located in the Philippines
01:26:18 and Indonesia.
01:26:19 It's called the Rainbow Eucalyptus.
01:26:22 It got its name because of its bark that switches colors and peels away as the tree ages.
01:26:28 The bright green bark is the youngest, as it contains a substance called chlorophyll,
01:26:33 usually found in leaves.
01:26:35 It then switches to purple, and then to the color red.
01:26:38 And finally, it turns brown as it grows and loses the chlorophyll.
01:26:43 Don't be tricked into thinking that's a whole forest.
01:26:47 It's one single tree.
01:26:48 And no, it's not some sort of optical illusion either.
01:26:52 Let me explain.
01:26:54 Underneath that soil, there is a complex network of roots that connects around 47,000 tree-like
01:27:00 shapes you see above the ground.
01:27:03 It's called the Quaking Aspen.
01:27:05 Some of these trees are among the oldest and largest organisms in the world.
01:27:10 Now here's a good destination for all travelers.
01:27:13 Or maybe not so good, after all.
01:27:15 The most lightning-stricken area in the world, according to recent data released by NASA,
01:27:21 is Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.
01:27:24 Out of all the days in a year, 300 of them feature thunderstorms in this location.
01:27:29 What makes this area so unique, though, that storms happen so often?
01:27:33 Well, it's because where cool mountain air meets the warm moist breeze and generates
01:27:39 electricity over the lake.
01:27:42 The Eternal Flame Falls are located in upstate New York, near the Canadian border.
01:27:47 In this region, there is a tiny waterfall with a big secret – a spark about 8 inches
01:27:53 tall.
01:27:54 Turns out there's a natural gas seep that provides fuel to the flame behind the waterfall.
01:27:59 The waterfall provides enough coverage so that it stays lit pretty much every time.
01:28:05 Hikers do enjoy to relight it if they see that it's been blown out.
01:28:09 This phenomenon is actually quite common, but this one gained more popularity because
01:28:14 it is younger than most.
01:28:16 And it looks very good in pictures, let's be honest!
01:28:19 I've heard of yellow sand, white sand, and even black sand here or there.
01:28:24 But I've never heard of green beaches until now.
01:28:27 Papacolia, also known as Green Sand Beach, is located in Hawaii and is one of the few
01:28:33 beaches in the world that features green sand.
01:28:36 The unique coloring comes from olivine rock that was formed when a nearby volcano erupted.
01:28:43 Actually in Hawaii, all the volcanoes are nearby.
01:28:47 Move over green sands because some of the other beaches around the world can even glow
01:28:51 at night.
01:28:52 And it's completely natural.
01:28:54 The culprit?
01:28:55 A little thing called photoplankton, or microalgae as they're sometimes called.
01:29:01 They're basically little plants that contain chlorophyll and need sunlight in order to
01:29:05 live and grow.
01:29:08 Most photoplankton kinds are able to float in the upper part of the ocean, where the
01:29:12 sunlight can still reach them beneath the water.
01:29:15 When the photoplankton gets agitated by the movement of waves and currents, they emit
01:29:20 light, which looks like some glow during the night.
01:29:23 These special microorganisms are found on beaches in a lot of places around the world,
01:29:28 such as the Maldives, Puerto Rico, and the Everglades.
01:29:33 At the base of a mountain located just outside of Afton, Wyoming, is a little river called
01:29:38 the Intermittent Spring.
01:29:40 There are only 3 of this kind in the whole world, but what makes this little string of
01:29:45 water so mysterious?
01:29:46 Well, the fact that it starts and stops every few minutes.
01:29:51 Scientists have yet to pinpoint precisely why this happens.
01:29:54 They speculate that it's basically just a siphon effect that happens deep within the
01:29:58 ground that causes the river to just start and stop so often.
01:30:02 Should you ever be interested in checking it out, be sure to do so in the late summer,
01:30:08 as that's when the Intermittent Spring is most active.
01:30:11 Do you see the irony here?
01:30:13 You can only see the spring in the summer?
01:30:15 Ok, I'm done.
01:30:18 This is John.
01:30:19 John seems to attract all kinds of bad weather and natural disasters wherever he goes.
01:30:24 See for yourself.
01:30:26 One day, John notices his dog is restless.
01:30:29 The pooch keeps scratching the entrance door and wandering around the house.
01:30:32 He even tries to hide in the corner, howling and barking.
01:30:37 When some mugs start to clink in your cupboard, John realizes what it means.
01:30:41 The noise is produced by foreshocks.
01:30:44 Mini earthquakes leading up to the main event.
01:30:48 Earthquakes often happen in clusters.
01:30:50 After a few weak quakes, a much bigger one is likely to be on the way.
01:30:55 Sometime before the disaster strikes, people might notice bizarre blue lights.
01:31:00 Some of them seem to be coming out of the ground, others are hovering in the air.
01:31:04 These are earthquake lights.
01:31:07 They may appear days or mere seconds before the ground starts shaking.
01:31:12 Now John is walking along the ocean shore.
01:31:15 Suddenly, he sees the water retreat from the beach, really, really fast.
01:31:19 Uh oh!
01:31:20 John, run away as quickly as you can and find some high ground!
01:31:24 A tsunami is coming!
01:31:25 And your life might depend on how fast you react.
01:31:29 If John spots a bizarre and unexpected rise in sea level, it can be another sign of an
01:31:34 approaching tsunami.
01:31:36 This happens in 40% of cases.
01:31:39 The incoming water is the first tsunami wave.
01:31:42 The second one, way, way larger, will come in in about 10 minutes.
01:31:47 John can also notice seawater bubbling, swirling, and creating bizarre patterns.
01:31:52 It's another sure sign a tsunami is near.
01:31:56 Hmm, John feels there's something strange about the sun.
01:32:00 Through his special super dark sunglasses, he sees that there's some uneven flares around
01:32:05 the star's contour.
01:32:06 If these bizarre rays are accompanied by auroras all over the world, they're a sign of a solar
01:32:12 storm.
01:32:13 Such storms are usually caused by disturbances in the sun's magnetic field.
01:32:17 In this case, the bursts of gas and radiation on the surface of the sun get so massive and
01:32:23 powerful that they can even reach our planet!
01:32:26 Luckily, solar storms aren't really dangerous for people, but they can mess with electricity
01:32:31 and even cause blackouts.
01:32:34 The sky over John's head is darkening and turning ominously green.
01:32:39 Something hits him on the forehead.
01:32:41 Ouch!
01:32:42 He picks up the offending object.
01:32:43 It's a hailstone, but it's not that cold outside, and it's not raining.
01:32:48 Soon, he hears some noise.
01:32:50 It's approaching rapidly and turns into a loud roar.
01:32:53 It sounds as if a freight train is moving towards him, but it's not a train.
01:32:57 It's a tornado!
01:32:59 The funnel isn't visible behind a cloud of debris, but John can't mistake this rotating
01:33:04 column of air for anything else.
01:33:07 Are you on the road, John?
01:33:09 Then get as far away from your car as you can.
01:33:11 Fast!
01:33:12 If you get in a ditch, lie down in it and cover your head!
01:33:14 Oh, you're inside?
01:33:16 Then get away from the windows and hide underground if possible!
01:33:20 And please, John, be very careful if you spot some conically shaped clouds.
01:33:25 Those mean severe storms, and if you notice that such a cloud starts spinning around,
01:33:29 immediately search for shelter.
01:33:32 The cloud is transitioning into a tornado right in front of your eyes!
01:33:36 On the bright side, John should only worry about warm conical clouds.
01:33:40 Cold ones are totally harmless.
01:33:43 The only problem is to figure out the temperature of the cloud he sees.
01:33:47 Duh!
01:33:48 Ah, look!
01:33:50 John just spotted some weirdly shaped trees.
01:33:52 They look like the letter J and grow on a slope.
01:33:55 It means the ground under John's feet is likely to be unstable.
01:33:59 If he keeps wandering around, it can cause a bad landslide!
01:34:04 Square waves appear when two different wave patterns crash into each other.
01:34:08 This phenomenon does look kinda awesome!
01:34:10 No, don't go into the water, John!
01:34:12 Keep watching it from the shore.
01:34:14 Cross currents in that spot can easily pull even a skilled swimmer under the surface.
01:34:20 John keeps walking along the shore.
01:34:22 At one point, he sees wild, choppy waves carrying ocean debris and seaweed.
01:34:27 This time, he stays out of the water.
01:34:29 He knows it can be a sign of a strong rip current.
01:34:31 It can carry a swimmer far away into the ocean!
01:34:37 How about a walk in the park?
01:34:39 John likes this idea.
01:34:40 The sun is shining and the sky is so blue and beautiful.
01:34:44 Suddenly, he spots a rapidly growing vertical cloud.
01:34:48 At first, it looks bright white.
01:34:50 But as it approaches, alarmingly fast, it becomes dense and inky.
01:34:55 The sky is darkening.
01:34:57 It's getting windy.
01:34:59 That's when the guy notices that his hair stands on end.
01:35:02 It's his cue that he's about to get hit by lightning.
01:35:04 At this very moment, positive charges are rising through his body.
01:35:08 They're reaching towards the negatively charged part of the storm.
01:35:11 If he doesn't react fast, these charges will meet.
01:35:16 There's nowhere to hide, so John should crouch down and try to make himself smaller than
01:35:20 the objects around him.
01:35:21 Oh no!
01:35:22 John, don't lie down on the ground!
01:35:25 It may be damp and thus a great conductor of electricity.
01:35:29 There are other signs that scream danger during a lightning storm.
01:35:33 John's palms may begin to sweat.
01:35:35 He might hear bizarre crackling and buzzing sounds coming from metal objects nearby.
01:35:41 His skin can start tingling.
01:35:43 There might be a strange metallic taste in his mouth.
01:35:45 Plus, John is likely to smell chlorine.
01:35:49 That's how ozone smells.
01:35:52 Electrical charges split the molecules of nitrogen and oxygen, which are the main gases
01:35:56 making up the atmosphere, into separate atoms.
01:35:59 When these atoms come together again, some of them produce molecules made up of three
01:36:03 oxygen atoms.
01:36:05 That's ozone.
01:36:06 We can smell it during a thunderstorm because downdrafts bring this gas from high altitudes
01:36:11 to your level.
01:36:13 Some bugs can feel a storm coming.
01:36:16 They get ready for a natural disaster by freezing.
01:36:19 So, when John notices that insects around him look drowsy, he knows to get ready.
01:36:24 Oh, and bees can predict heavy rainstorms.
01:36:28 These critters begin to work much harder the day before it starts raining.
01:36:33 While walking next to the river during a period of heavy rains, John hears a roaring sound.
01:36:39 He feels paralyzed with fear.
01:36:40 It's likely to be a flash flood moving in his direction.
01:36:43 Indeed, he soon sees debris coming down with the flow.
01:36:47 The water is rapidly changing its color, becoming muddier and darker.
01:36:52 Flash floods are very, very dangerous.
01:36:55 Take care of your safety immediately, John!
01:36:59 Another day, John sees a spectacular wall cloud.
01:37:02 It seems to be stretching for up to 5 miles.
01:37:04 In the best case scenario, it's just a severe storm coming.
01:37:08 But if the wall cloud begins to move in a circle, it's a sure sign of a tornado.
01:37:14 John is walking across a snowfield in the mountains, listening to the sounds the ice
01:37:18 under his feet makes.
01:37:20 The noise is kinda hollow.
01:37:22 Hmm.
01:37:23 Quickly check whether there are cracks around your footprints, John.
01:37:26 If so, the chances are an avalanche is about to happen.
01:37:30 Soon, John sees an avalanche moving in his direction.
01:37:33 He does his best to get off the slope.
01:37:36 In most cases, he could probably outrun it by heading downhill and then veering sideways.
01:37:40 But not this time.
01:37:42 He realizes he doesn't have enough time and heads for the nearest tree.
01:37:46 If John keeps holding onto it really tightly, the avalanche might not pull him along.
01:37:51 But if this doesn't work, he should try to swim up to the snow's surface while the avalanche
01:37:56 is still moving.
01:37:59 On a pretty nice summer evening, John notices leaves with soft stems droop all of a sudden.
01:38:05 Ah, it might be because of an upcoming storm.
01:38:08 Right before extreme weather arrives, the air usually becomes more humid.
01:38:12 Leaves also get damp and heavy, and the wind easily flips them over.
01:38:18 John lives in a pretty old house and is used to having cracks in the interior walls.
01:38:22 But one day, he notices that some of them have widened.
01:38:25 And look, there are a few new ones!
01:38:28 It's an alarm bell!
01:38:29 He lives in an area with loads of limestone, so new cracks can mean a sinkhole is about
01:38:34 to open next to his house!
01:38:36 John is hurrying home, trying not to waste time admiring shelf clouds.
01:38:41 They look like something from a sci-fi movie.
01:38:43 They form when warm and moist air gets caught in a thunderstorm updraft.
01:38:48 And these ominous clouds most often mean a storm is coming.
01:38:54 Sure, some people say interacting with animals is good for our health.
01:38:59 I'm sorry to break it to you, but it really doesn't apply to all creatures.
01:39:05 Just to be sure you're safe, let's take a look at some you should steer clear of, especially
01:39:10 their kisses.
01:39:13 Not that you'd like touching worms anytime soon, but do stay away from ribbon worms.
01:39:19 They're easy to spot because these long, thin creatures are often brightly colored.
01:39:24 You'll see some of them in oceans, while other species can also live on land.
01:39:29 Ribbon worms have a unique feature called a proboscis, which is a long, thin tube that
01:39:34 they use to capture and eat their prey.
01:39:37 They're often very flexible and can stretch out to catch their food or wrap around objects.
01:39:42 Some ribbon worms are also venomous, often sneaking harmful substances into their prey.
01:39:48 Or so, they can also secrete a slime that can be irritating to the skin.
01:39:55 Let's also look at the cone snail for a bit.
01:39:58 This one lives in the ocean, usually in warm and shallow waters near coral reefs.
01:40:04 It can be found in many different colors and patterns, and uses its long, pointed shell
01:40:09 to hide and protect itself.
01:40:11 It also has a long, pointed tongue, which can be quite dangerous.
01:40:15 It's called a radula, and the snail uses it to catch its prey.
01:40:20 Inside its tongue, there are tiny, sharp teeth.
01:40:23 When the cone snail sees a fish or other small animal, it shoots out its tongue and injects
01:40:28 its harpoons into its prey.
01:40:31 These harpoons are covered in venom, which can make the prey very sick.
01:40:35 The venom can also be harmful to humans, so it's important to be careful around cone
01:40:40 snails.
01:40:43 Parasites and lampreys have had quite a complicated relationship over the years.
01:40:47 In case you haven't heard of them, they are eel-like fish that are known for this unusual
01:40:52 feature – tube-shaped mouths with scary teeth!
01:40:56 They are parasites that attach themselves to other fish and feed on their blood and
01:41:01 tissues.
01:41:02 You'll find them in both fresh and saltwater.
01:41:05 Despite the terrifying way they look, people have eaten them for a long time.
01:41:10 Some rich and powerful people in the past, like kings and emperors, enjoyed having them
01:41:15 for dinner as a delicacy.
01:41:16 There's even a story about a king who ate so many lampreys that he eventually kicked
01:41:21 the proverbial bucket!
01:41:23 Tasty as they may seem for some, they are quite dangerous.
01:41:26 They can cause trouble for people because they can attach themselves to the skin and
01:41:31 use their sharp teeth to feed on their host's blood and tissue.
01:41:35 This is what earned it the nickname "vampire fish."
01:41:39 Lampreys can cause severe damage to their host because of things like infection or loss
01:41:43 of blood.
01:41:45 More so, the wounds they cause can be difficult to heal and may leave scarring.
01:41:52 Lampreys may not be your dream fish, but they do look like beauty pageant contestants next
01:41:57 to the hagfish.
01:41:59 A hagfish is also a slimy, eel-like fish that lives in the ocean.
01:42:03 It has a long, slippery body and no scales.
01:42:06 Instead, it has a layer of slime that it can release to protect itself from predators or
01:42:12 to help it move through the water.
01:42:15 Hagfish are scavengers and will eat expired animals that they find in the ocean.
01:42:19 Thankfully, they are not known to attack or harm humans, but you should steer clear of
01:42:24 these pesky mouths of theirs.
01:42:26 That's because they can carry a lot of harmful bacteria, seeing as they don't eat from
01:42:31 the fresh produce aisle, if you know what I mean.
01:42:34 They can be a problem for divers or fishermen because they can give off a slime that can
01:42:38 clog fishing nets and make the water difficult to see in.
01:42:42 Because they often feast themselves from the ocean's trash cans, they can smell pretty
01:42:47 bad, too.
01:42:50 A fish that's dubbed the "cookie cutter shark" might seem cute when you first hear
01:42:54 about them, but these creatures can be quite dangerous.
01:42:58 They are small fish that got their name because of the unique way they eat food.
01:43:03 These creatures feature a small, circular-shaped mouth that comes with a terrifying set of
01:43:08 teeth.
01:43:09 They allow the shark to cut out round pieces directly from their prey, just like a cookie
01:43:14 cutter leaves an imprint on a piece of dough.
01:43:18 You'll find them in tropical waters around the world, and what's even more dangerous
01:43:22 is that they often swim near the surface of the water.
01:43:25 So people are more likely to get into contact with these fish when surfing or swimming.
01:43:32 Ever heard of a "trash panda"?
01:43:34 Well, if you haven't heard of it before, this is actually a nickname for the naughty
01:43:39 raccoon.
01:43:40 They're small, furry animals with black and white markings on their face and bushy
01:43:45 tail.
01:43:46 These quirky creatures are famous for their mischievous behavior, like raiding trash cans
01:43:51 for food.
01:43:52 They're often found near forests and are more active at night time.
01:43:56 Despite their innocent looks, raccoons can be dangerous if they lick you.
01:44:01 That's because their saliva can contain harmful bacteria or diseases.
01:44:06 It's best to avoid contact with raccoons and to seek help if you've been licked by one,
01:44:12 just in case.
01:44:14 The odds of you ever encountering the Oaxacan salamander are pretty slim, but did you know
01:44:20 its tongue is dangerous?
01:44:22 Weirdly enough, it's because of its speed.
01:44:25 This type of salamander is found in the Oaxaca region of Mexico.
01:44:29 It also features a dark brown or black body and bright orange or yellow markings on its
01:44:34 arms, legs, and tail.
01:44:37 This creature spends most of its time in the trees, where it feeds on insects.
01:44:41 It's nocturnal, and when threatened, it can release a nasty substance from its skin to
01:44:46 protect itself from predators.
01:44:48 However, a new study has found that this giant palm salamander has the most powerful muscle
01:44:54 in the animal kingdom.
01:44:56 It can shoot out its tongue with so much power that being snapped by it can cause serious
01:45:01 damage.
01:45:02 It can also extend its tongue more than half its body length in just 7 milliseconds!
01:45:09 Geese are pretty common domesticated animals.
01:45:12 If you've ever spent some time on a farm, you've encountered these sturdy birds for
01:45:16 sure.
01:45:17 They might look wobbly, but they can get aggressive to protect their territory and their offspring.
01:45:22 As no surprise, some farms even use these birds for protection, mostly because they
01:45:27 get easily startled by noise and can alert the owner if something unusual is going on
01:45:33 in their yard.
01:45:34 Nevertheless, geese can be dangerous if they bite you.
01:45:38 Their beaks can cause injury and can also carry bacteria that can lead to many other
01:45:43 problems inside your body.
01:45:45 It's important to avoid approaching or interacting with geese in a way that may provoke them
01:45:50 to bite.
01:45:52 The list of animals you shouldn't let lick you doesn't end with wild ones.
01:45:57 Let's look at domesticated ones, too, like cats.
01:46:01 Their tongue is made of small backward-facing spines called papillae, which help them groom
01:46:06 themselves and eat.
01:46:08 These papillae are made out of keratin, the same protein found in human nails and hair.
01:46:13 If you've ever been licked by a cat, you know the sensation.
01:46:17 It's like being touched by sandpaper.
01:46:19 A cat's rough tongue can cause irritation on any type of skin if used a lot or aggressively.
01:46:27 Same goes with dogs.
01:46:29 Your dog can have bacteria in its mouth that can cause you some problems.
01:46:34 Dogs can get these bacteria by sniffing or eating animal waste or by drinking dirty water.
01:46:40 Sometimes, dogs have these bacteria in their bodies but do not look sick, so you might
01:46:45 be easily confused into thinking your dog is actually top-notch healthy.
01:46:49 If you don't want to have any problems from the stuff in your dog's mouth, avoid letting
01:46:54 them lick your mouth or nose and wash your hands and face after giving them a kiss.
01:47:01 If you do, however, have a routine with your dog and can't help yourself to these smooches,
01:47:06 kissing your dog on the cheek instead of the lips is a safer option.
01:47:10 Allowing your pets to lick you can reinforce unwanted behavior, like begging for food or
01:47:16 attention.
01:47:17 Some pets may even have allergies that can be passed on to humans through their saliva.
01:47:23 You're hiking in the wilderness, looking for a safe spot to set up camp.
01:47:28 All you can hear are leaves and branches crackling under your footsteps.
01:47:33 Some squirrels are running up a tree over there.
01:47:35 But suddenly, something unexpected happens.
01:47:38 You notice something weird in the distance in between the trees.
01:47:42 It kinda looks like a concrete structure of some kind.
01:47:45 Weird.
01:47:46 At this point, you're at least 20 miles deep into the woods, and there are no nearby
01:47:51 towns or villages, as far as you know.
01:47:55 So you decide to go off the trail with your friends to get a closer look.
01:47:59 But as you get nearer, you realize that it's leading to… nowhere.
01:48:03 Hmm, what's it doing here, in the middle of literally nowhere?
01:48:08 And it doesn't even lead to anything!
01:48:10 You put on your Sherlock Holmes cap and investigate.
01:48:14 So maybe there used to be an old house or mansion here that collapsed over the years,
01:48:20 and the only thing left is a staircase?
01:48:23 But weirdly enough, after circling the bizarre structure, you realize there's no trace
01:48:28 of any ruins or even foundations.
01:48:31 It's like someone just sliced a staircase off their house, cake-style, and plopped it
01:48:36 here for no reason!
01:48:38 Okay…
01:48:40 You and your friends aren't really into getting a whole lot closer.
01:48:44 Something feels wrong.
01:48:45 The longer you look at this weird structure, the more you feel a super creepy presence.
01:48:51 Something tells you you should probably leave the area as fast as possible.
01:48:56 As weird as this sounds, discoveries of random staircases illogically found in the woods
01:49:02 are surprisingly common.
01:49:04 Some are made of wood, others of brick or stone.
01:49:08 Some look ancient, while others look like they were finished yesterday.
01:49:11 The one thing they all have in common – they all lead to absolutely nowhere, and they're
01:49:16 all found in super mysterious locations.
01:49:20 One of the most famous ones is in Chesterfield, New Hampshire.
01:49:24 A long medieval-looking staircase, made of stones with Roman arches in the middle of
01:49:29 the woods.
01:49:30 It's believed to have been part of Madame Antoinette Chéry's castle.
01:49:34 She was a big singer back in Paris.
01:49:37 The castle dates back about 100 years, and it was later discovered again in 1962.
01:49:43 This time, there was nothing but a staircase.
01:49:47 Another mysterious ancient staircase dates back to 9,000 years ago.
01:49:51 It's in a forest in Italy.
01:49:54 It looks like a series of stairs that lead to a tiny platform at the top.
01:49:58 Now why go through all the trouble of building the thing if it leads to… nowhere?
01:50:03 Well, some scientists think it could've been some sort of ritual tower, but your guess
01:50:09 is as good as theirs.
01:50:10 There's an anomaly in the Indian Ocean, known as the Indian Ocean Geoid Low, or IOGL.
01:50:18 It produces the largest distorting natural gravitational force in the world.
01:50:24 Heavy mineral deposits, many deep-sea trenches, and magma reservoirs disturb the magnetic
01:50:29 field in this area.
01:50:31 This gravity changes in different places around the planet.
01:50:34 It allows researchers to look for patterns and figure out what's happening beneath
01:50:39 the surface.
01:50:41 Higher gravity fields usually mean denser materials below, and vice versa.
01:50:46 Some scientists believe that the anomaly might be a dent in the planet's mantle that is
01:50:50 working its way up to the crust.
01:50:54 The Niihau Island actually rejects the fruits of today's advancements.
01:50:59 There are no cars in sight since the locals get around on foot or by bicycles.
01:51:04 No wonder their legs have great definition.
01:51:07 They thrive without running water, internet, or shops.
01:51:11 The only school on the entire island is powered by solar energy with a backup generator.
01:51:17 And what's awesome is that it's the only school in the state that's powered by the
01:51:21 sun.
01:51:22 Being a resident of the island, the local explains some ground rules the permanent residents
01:51:27 must abide by.
01:51:29 If they do break these rules, they can be evicted.
01:51:34 Not far from Bangkok, in northeastern Thailand, there's a 75-million-year-old rock formation.
01:51:41 These rocks look like three whales swimming together.
01:51:44 The beautiful design created by nature became known as "Three Whales Rock."
01:51:50 Millions of years ago, this area was just a desert, but the land was changing.
01:51:55 Gradually, sandstone got pulled apart by the movements of tectonic plates and erosion.
01:52:00 That's how these spectacular formations were created.
01:52:04 If you decide to explore this system of trails around Three Whales Rock, you'll find waterfalls
01:52:09 and an abundance of fauna and flora there.
01:52:13 Located on Gamal and Gaiden peninsulas, these expansive pit holes were discovered in 2014.
01:52:20 They seem to be still changing and evolving.
01:52:23 The pits grow wider, and people find them more often.
01:52:26 Of course, there's no shortage of theories about how they appeared.
01:52:30 Suggestions range from meteorite impacts to the activity of other civilizations.
01:52:35 But the most common explanation is that methane gas reacted to water molecules after the planet's
01:52:41 permafrost started to melt.
01:52:43 This resulted in bubbles of methane bursting through the ice.
01:52:47 The craters could be thousands of years old, but nobody knows for sure.
01:52:53 You're driving to the state of New Mexico, to the small town of Taos.
01:52:58 Two percent of the locals hear a strange buzzing in the air every day.
01:53:03 Some residents believe the sound is somehow connected with technologies used by guests
01:53:08 from other galaxies.
01:53:10 Also, there is a theory that something sinister lives in the town.
01:53:15 They say Taos is cursed.
01:53:17 An evil spirit or a phantom punishes people for something their ancestors did in the past.
01:53:23 Scientists still can't explain the nature of this sound.
01:53:27 Another theory says it's caused by unusual acoustics of the location, while others think
01:53:31 the buzzing is a hallucination.
01:53:34 Some can hear it because everybody talks about something, and our minds create an illusion
01:53:39 of the sound that doesn't really exist.
01:53:42 The sound isn't the same for everyone, either.
01:53:44 For some, it's a low hum.
01:53:47 For others, it's more of a buzzing sound.
01:53:49 But this is not the only place where you can hear the strange noises.
01:53:54 It's called the hum, and people worldwide claim to have heard it.
01:53:58 Some dwellers of a small village in Scotland describe it as a low, thick hum.
01:54:03 Well, some residents of Florida heard a similar sound too.
01:54:08 It's not exactly known where this phenomenon appeared, but the first time the media started
01:54:12 talking about it was in the 1970s in England.
01:54:16 Also, there are written records of a mysterious buzzing dating back almost 200 years.
01:54:22 According to some estimates, only about 2% of people on the planet can hear the hum.
01:54:28 Perhaps their ears pick up some low frequency waves, or the reason is something else entirely.
01:54:34 Maybe, just maybe, they hear humming because the person doing it doesn't know the words
01:54:40 to the song.
01:54:41 Yeah, that joke is also 200 years old.
01:54:45 A volcano in Indonesia spews bright blue lava and produces electric blue and purple flames.
01:54:52 This phenomenon occurs because the volcano has some of the highest levels of sulfur in
01:54:58 the world.
01:54:59 You can also know you're near it by its foul stench.
01:55:02 But I digress.
01:55:04 And when sulfuric gases interact with scorching hot air and get lit by the molten lava, they
01:55:10 turn blue.
01:55:11 You can also find the world's largest acid lake inside this crater.
01:55:15 Yep, it's a real stinker.
01:55:19 Underwater rivers and lakes are called brine pools for a reason.
01:55:23 High salinity makes the water in them denser than the seawater around.
01:55:28 That's why it sinks to the bottom, forming rivers and lakes.
01:55:32 Those have waves of their own, and these waves can sometimes lap up against the shorelines.
01:55:37 If you went down there in a submarine, it would easily float on the surface of a brine
01:55:41 pool.
01:55:42 But without a submarine, swimming in such a lake would be too risky.
01:55:47 They contain too much toxic methane and hydrogen sulfide.
01:55:50 Yeah, I'd pass on that too.
01:55:52 But hey, be my guest!
01:55:55 Cave of Crystals in Mexico is home to the world's most unique crystal formations.
01:56:00 Thanks to super-rare conditions in the cave, crystals there grow to unbelievable sizes.
01:56:06 The air inside is incredibly humid.
01:56:08 The water contains tons of minerals that boost the growth of the Milky Way giants.
01:56:14 Some of them are longer than telephone poles.
01:56:17 Cylindrical snow donuts occur when a wind gust starts to roll some snow across a snowy
01:56:23 area – as if making a snowball.
01:56:26 If it was a real thing, it would eventually become too heavy for the wind to move.
01:56:30 But a snow donut's center is hollowed out.
01:56:34 This happens because its inner layer is too thin and is blown away when the donut is formed.
01:56:39 This makes the thing lighter than a snowball.
01:56:42 That's also why it rolls further.
01:56:44 Unfortunately, snow donuts are rare because they need very precise conditions to appear.
01:56:50 The Danikil Depression in Ethiopia is probably one of the most bizarre-looking places you'll
01:56:56 ever see.
01:56:57 It's dotted with neon-colored hot springs, lava pools, and vast salt flats.
01:57:03 But be especially careful there.
01:57:05 Toxic gases are swirling over hydrothermal fields, and many pools are super acidic.
01:57:11 So don't go swimming.
01:57:13 Until at least 30 minutes after lunch.
01:57:16 Just kidding.
01:57:17 And finally, there's nothing mysterious about 28,000 rubber ducks found in the sea in 1992.
01:57:25 That's when a ship transporting bath toys got lost in the ocean while traveling from
01:57:29 Hong Kong to the US.
01:57:32 Some of these ducks are still floating in the ocean several decades later.
01:57:35 They've been spotted in South America, Alaska, Hawaii, and even Australia.
01:57:41 And they make bath time lots of fun.
01:57:44 Ooh, rubber ducky!
01:57:52 The largest tree in the world is so massive, it even earned itself the nickname "General
01:57:57 Sherman."
01:57:58 It stands tall in California's Sequoia National Park, stretching its branches at 275 feet
01:58:05 toward the sky.
01:58:06 That's almost as tall as the Statue of Liberty.
01:58:09 As for its weight, if we could place it on a scale, we'd need 400 elephants to balance
01:58:14 things out.
01:58:15 Its base stretches 36 feet in diameter, big enough to hide two sedans parked end-to-end.
01:58:22 California is the last place on Earth where these colossal trees grow naturally.
01:58:27 During the Ice Age, they flourished across North America and Europe, but as the glaciers
01:58:32 retreated, so did the sequoias.
01:58:35 Today they thrive along the western slope of the Sierra Nevada Range, relying on the
01:58:39 melting glacier caps to quench their thirst.
01:58:43 General Sherman gathers thousands of visitors every day, and the park's infrastructure
01:58:47 caters to this.
01:58:48 There's a short half-mile walk from the nearest parking lot that leads to the big
01:58:53 green giant.
01:58:55 Along the way, a stone marker outlines the shape and size of the tree's base, to give
01:59:00 visitors a sense of its immense scale.
01:59:03 This sassy sequoia is estimated to be around 23 to 2700 years old and has witnessed centuries
01:59:10 of change.
01:59:11 It sprouted during the early days of the Roman Empire.
01:59:15 When Europeans arrived in California in the late 1800s, they first tried to harvest the
01:59:21 sequoias, thinking they had valuable wood.
01:59:24 However, the sheer effort required to take down these giants was enormous for those days.
01:59:29 They also soon figured out that this type of wood was a bit more brittle than expected,
01:59:34 so they let these trees off the hook.
01:59:37 As for its name, the tree shares it with General William Tecumseh Sherman, a 19th-century famous
01:59:43 American public servant.
01:59:45 Not far from General Sherman stands the world's second-largest tree, named General Grant.
01:59:51 Founded by locals years before General Sherman received its name, this tree has weathered
01:59:56 its own share of challenges, including fires.
01:59:59 But like its counterpart, it survived, mostly thanks to its thick bark and resilient hardwood.
02:00:07 As for the oldest tree, for a long time, we've known it to be a Great Basin bristlecone pine
02:00:12 named Methuselah, also found in California.
02:00:15 It's been around for more than 4,800 years, way before the Egyptians built the Pyramids
02:00:20 of Giza.
02:00:22 This tree's location is a bit of a secret to keep it safe from harm.
02:00:26 Methuselah and its friends grow way up high in California, Nevada, and Utah, where it's
02:00:31 tough to survive.
02:00:33 The place is cold, with dry soil and fierce winds, but these strong timbers have figured
02:00:38 out how to thrive, getting their nutrients from the hard, rocky ground up in the mountains.
02:00:44 Their branches are twisted and gnarled because of the winds blowing in all directions as
02:00:48 they reach maturity.
02:00:50 It does make their appearance a bit messy, but it's an added layer of resistance for
02:00:54 those trees during powerful storms.
02:00:57 Their roots only feed the branches right above them, so if one part of the tree's roots
02:01:02 fades away, only that part of the tree will be affected.
02:01:07 There's a new contender, however, for the same title of the oldest tree.
02:01:11 In Chile, there's a Patagonian cypress called Gran Abuello, which means "Great Grandfather"
02:01:17 in Spanish.
02:01:18 It might even be older than Methuselah by about 500 years.
02:01:22 This would mean this tree has seen people roaming around during the Bronze Age.
02:01:26 To figure out a tree's age, we generally need to look inside its bark and count its
02:01:32 rings.
02:01:33 For the Gran Abuello, though, scientists use complex math to estimate how old it is.
02:01:38 Some experts aren't convinced by this method just yet.
02:01:41 No matter which tree is older, both Methuselah and the Gran Abuello have seen a lot of changes
02:01:47 in their long lives.
02:01:48 Each ring in their trunks holds info about the weather from the year it grew.
02:01:53 Scientists can learn a ton about past climates on our planet by studying these ancient trees.
02:02:00 The world's tallest tree is also off-limit to visitors, but this is a recent safety measure.
02:02:06 Its name is Hyperion and it's located in Redwood National Park, California.
02:02:11 Standing at a towering 380 feet, Hyperion is a coastal redwood, taller than the length
02:02:17 of an American football field.
02:02:20 Named after a character in Greek mythology, Hyperion was discovered in 2006 by two researchers.
02:02:26 The park is home to other incredibly tall trees like Helios and Icarus, both also reaching
02:02:32 heights of over 370 feet.
02:02:36 The impressive height of redwoods in Northern California is due to their leaves and the
02:02:40 region's climate.
02:02:42 These trees absorb and store moisture from morning fog, and their sprouts promote growth
02:02:47 after injury, allowing them to live for a very long time.
02:02:51 However, their shallow roots make them susceptible to damage from hikers.
02:02:56 Besides being a record holder, Hyperion's appearance may not live up to the hype.
02:03:01 Witnessing its towering height from the ground is hard, and its trunk isn't that impressive.
02:03:06 Hyperion is currently tucked away in a closed-off section with no official trail.
02:03:12 But despite this, many tree enthusiasts have trampled through over the years, harming the
02:03:17 habitat leading up to it.
02:03:19 Trash has also been found along the way in the past.
02:03:22 The park recently issued a statement urging visitors to steer clear of this tree.
02:03:27 Otherwise, they could face hundreds of dollars worth of fines and even end up behind bars.
02:03:33 The Tree of Life stands as a resilient symbol amidst the arid desert landscape of Bahrain.
02:03:40 Nestled in the highest point of the country, this ancient tree defies odds, captivating
02:03:45 visitors with its mysterious and inexplicable presence.
02:03:48 It's surrounded by endless stretches of heated dunes in the Arabian Desert.
02:03:54 Because it stands alone against the desert backdrop, it has puzzled scientists and botanists
02:03:59 for years.
02:04:00 There's little to no rainfall over there.
02:04:02 There are also no freshwater sources nearby.
02:04:05 Despite the lack of moisture, the Tree of Life insists on flourishing, flaunting its
02:04:10 green foliage.
02:04:11 How it manages to survive in such harsh conditions led to some weird theories.
02:04:17 Some speculate that the tree's roots go deep into the earth, reaching depths of up
02:04:21 to 160 feet to access underground water reserves.
02:04:26 Others suggest that the tree has adapted to its environment, drawing moisture from the
02:04:30 surrounding sand grains through specialized mechanisms.
02:04:34 One other interesting idea is that the Tree of Life lies at the side of the legendary
02:04:39 Garden of Eden, getting its water from a mystical source.
02:04:43 Apart from its scientific and cultural significance, the Tree of Life is an important tourist attraction
02:04:48 for locals, luring in approximately 65,000 visitors each year.
02:04:54 All for a tree!
02:04:57 Poland has its fair share of trees worth mentioning, all gathered in the Crooked Forest.
02:05:02 It's a group of 400 trees that bend strangely.
02:05:06 They all have a similar shape, curving sharply toward the sky in little J-shapes, almost
02:05:11 touching the ground.
02:05:13 People have different ideas about why these trees look like that.
02:05:17 Some think a heavy snowstorm covered them when they were young, pushing them down.
02:05:21 Others believe the area's gravity might have affected how they grow.
02:05:26 One interesting theory is that people who planted these trees back in the 1920s might
02:05:31 have bent them on purpose.
02:05:33 They wanted to use the curved shapes to expedite the furniture manufacturing process.
02:05:38 So when the trees were about 10 years old, they interfered with their growth, making
02:05:43 them develop in this odd shape.
02:05:46 After the manipulation process was stopped, it left the trees in this weird position for
02:05:50 decades.
02:05:52 Either way, whatever happened to one tree happened to them all because they're all
02:05:56 adjusted in the same way.
02:05:58 So human intervention is the most likely explanation.
02:06:02 Even though all the trees in the Crooked Forest look the same with their spooky bend, they
02:06:06 still manage to grow tall and healthy.
02:06:09 They've adapted to their difficult conditions.
02:06:11 And somehow, they've managed to keep growing upwards.
02:06:15 That's it for today, so hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like
02:06:20 and share it with your friends.
02:06:21 Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side of life!