Travel Tips So Cool, You'll Thank Us Later

Bright Side

Animation is created by Bright Side. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/   Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV   Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Our Social Media: Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightside Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en   Stock materials (photos, footages and other): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  For more videos and articles visit: http://www.brightside.me  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Transcript

00:00:00Now, carefully arranging your used towels isn't the best thing to do in a hotel.

00:00:05You're just not helping.

00:00:07The general rule is, dump them somewhere like the bathroom floor or in the bathtub.

00:00:12Then the staff can see that they need to change the towels.

00:00:16If you keep them all nice and folded, the staff may just get it wrong and leave them

00:00:20as they are, thinking that they're still fresh.

00:00:23You're on a low-budget trip and you brought along some appliances so you can cook right

00:00:28there in the hotel.

00:00:30Not a big deal.

00:00:31But if there's only one outlet and you want to boil some eggs in your electric kettle,

00:00:36maybe don't.

00:00:37First, you never know what capacity the outlet has.

00:00:40It might even set off the hotel's fire alarm.

00:00:43Just stick to sandwiches or something.

00:00:45Of course, you can boil water for some ramen noodles, but if you feel like a slice of fresh,

00:00:50crusty toast, never try to make it with an iron.

00:00:54Sounds crazy, but some people have even tried heating up their frozen pizza with a hairdryer.

00:00:59What happened?

00:01:00They ended up having to go look for another hotel and an actual restaurant.

00:01:06Always look for hotels that include breakfast.

00:01:09It's usually way more expensive to have breakfast at a nearby restaurant, plus you most likely

00:01:14wouldn't know where to go.

00:01:16Much better to hit the hotel's breakfast buffet – coffee, cheese, ham, toast, fruit.

00:01:21If you play your cards right, you'd be too full for lunch!

00:01:25Sometimes your hotel room's way bigger than you expected.

00:01:28If there are two beds, but you're traveling alone, maybe don't use both of them.

00:01:33That'll just add a bunch of unnecessary work for the hotel staff.

00:01:38Even though room service includes cleaning, it's polite to do some basic tidying up

00:01:43yourself before you leave.

00:01:45Pick up any paper lying around, wipe up that coffee you spilled on the floor.

00:01:50Don't make the bed though – the staff's gonna replace the sheets no matter what.

00:01:54Plus, if you make the bed right after you get up, you're just actually creating a

00:01:58lovely dark environment for tiny dust mites.

00:02:01Yeah, bugs might be a real issue.

00:02:04Even the best hotels with the best staff can be powerless against those little guys.

00:02:10Put your luggage in the bathtub first – it's the cleanest place in the room.

00:02:14Then check the place over for bugs.

00:02:16If you don't see any, start unpacking.

00:02:20So no bugs, but what about mold?

00:02:23The most common way for mold to get into a hotel room is if you chuck your wet towel

00:02:27on the bed and go out for the day.

00:02:30You might get back to an interesting-smelling room.

00:02:34If you're going to be traveling a lot and plan on using the same hotel chain more than

00:02:39once, don't try to trick the hotel into thinking you never drank that soda from the

00:02:43minibar.

00:02:44Yeah, a can of soda might cost you double what you'd pay at the gas station, but you

00:02:48don't want to get put on the hotel's naughty list.

00:02:53This one sounds hilarious, but still, no one should ever be boiling their socks – or

00:02:58any other item of clothing – in the kettle that comes in the hotel room.

00:03:02Some hotel managers claim to have seen it happen.

00:03:05Just send your clothes off to the hotel's cleaning service people.

00:03:10If you love sleeping on a thick pillow, ask the front desk for an extra one.

00:03:15Don't even think about moving that cushion from the couch.

00:03:17Chances are, it's never really been washed.

00:03:21Saying thank you is always polite, but a nice tip would go down even better.

00:03:26It's not that polite to leave your room service tip on the last day of your stay.

00:03:31Different people might've been cleaning your room, so only tipping the last one is

00:03:34kind of unfair.

00:03:36If you decide to leave your tip on the very last day, leave a note along with it to make

00:03:41sure they share it with their co-workers.

00:03:45You can also tip the parking valets when you drop off and pick up your car.

00:03:49And in general, don't be shy – you can tip a door person, a porter – those small

00:03:54tips can add up, and they'll be really grateful for any extra cash.

00:04:00Taking reusable items from your hotel room as a souvenir is a big no-no, though it's

00:04:05okay to grab those shampoos, conditioners, lotions, soap combs, sewing kits – that

00:04:11stuff can save you an emergency.

00:04:13Leave those towels, glasses, and dishes behind for the next guest.

00:04:18If your room has the bathrobe of your dreams, you can always go to the front desk and ask

00:04:23if you can buy one.

00:04:24If you try to take one with you without asking for permission, chances are your credit card

00:04:29is going to be charged for it later.

00:04:32By the way, don't dry hotel towels out on the balcony.

00:04:36If you end up saying goodbye to one of them just because the wind took it away, or was

00:04:40it some shady neighbor, you'll be the one who's going to pay for it.

00:04:44They're just plain white towels, but they can be pretty pricey.

00:04:48Don't be too shy to call down to the front desk and ask for a late check-out.

00:04:53It's probably not a big deal for the hotel, but it might make all the difference to you.

00:04:59Hotels know you might be more likely to choose them again or leave a nice tip if they give

00:05:04you a few extra hours in your room.

00:05:06If they say no, well, at least you tried.

00:05:11One thing you can do to help the staff out when you leave is to air out your room.

00:05:16That small step is one of the most time-consuming things they have to do, and they have to clean

00:05:21the rooms really fast.

00:05:23Just leave the windows open to freshen the room up a bit.

00:05:26If it's really hot outside, you can even leave the air conditioning on.

00:05:30Just don't do both at the same time.

00:05:33Leave the TV remote on the desk, any cutlery on the table, and all the chairs back in their

00:05:39places.

00:05:40It'll save housekeeping a lot of time – they're already in a huge rush.

00:05:44Imagine cleaning hundreds of rooms every single day!

00:05:48Accidents can happen anywhere, and it's okay if you accidentally drop a glass and

00:05:53it breaks.

00:05:54Don't try to get away with it – give the front desk a call.

00:05:57They probably won't even charge you for such a minor accident.

00:06:01Plus, management might think the housekeeping staff broke it, and they might make them pay

00:06:05for a replacement.

00:06:07Never turn down a chance to join your hotel's reward program.

00:06:11It's usually free, and you can get it after your first day.

00:06:15If you travel a lot, try to choose those big chain hotels that give you bonuses every time

00:06:20you book.

00:06:21You could get bumped up to a suite, get better Wi-Fi, a free gym pass, or even a free night.

00:06:28Beware of steamy showers.

00:06:30If you accidentally release all that water vapor into your room at the same time, you

00:06:35might trigger the hotel's fire alarm.

00:06:37They keep those things extra sensitive just to be on the safe side.

00:06:41So make sure you keep the door shut next time you steam up the place.

00:06:46If you're traveling with a pet, let the hotel know about it beforehand.

00:06:50Pet policies can differ from one hotel to another.

00:06:54And if you have a more unusual pet, better double-double-check.

00:06:58It might be a pet-friendly hotel, but you probably can't show up with your pet peacock.

00:07:03If they say no, they'll usually be able to tell you about another hotel nearby.

00:07:09Trying to hide your little furry friend isn't the best idea.

00:07:13Dogs can be super noisy.

00:07:14So can cats.

00:07:16So can peacocks.

00:07:17You're going to be looking at a hefty fine if they catch you.

00:07:21Booking etiquette is a bit different now than it used to be.

00:07:24You used to have to confirm your stay at some hotels by writing them a letter.

00:07:28Nowadays, just make sure you have all your booking info handy on your phone.

00:07:33That'll make the front desk people pretty happy.

00:07:35If it's a big hotel, they might have hundreds of people checking in in the span of a few

00:07:40hours.

00:07:41The front desk staff are usually super busy managing guests, deliveries, events, emergencies,

00:07:47a random peacock running through the lobby, and so forth.

00:07:50Just a nugget of advice, don't disturb them for every minor question you might have.

00:07:56Check out that booklet that's normally hanging out on the bedside table.

00:07:59The answer is most likely in there.

00:08:02Enjoy your stay!

00:08:07Most airports are equipped with giant kitchens where the food for passengers is prepared

00:08:11for different airlines at once.

00:08:14Since those oh-so-delightful airplane meals must be cooked about six to ten hours prior

00:08:19to the flight, the kitchens have to work 24-7.

00:08:22Besides, the menu for your flight is developed up to a year in advance.

00:08:28This is a common practice for most airlines, because every single ingredient matters and

00:08:33adds to expenses.

00:08:35In fact, American Airlines managed to save $40,000 per year in 1987 after they removed

00:08:41just one olive from every salad they served on their flights.

00:08:47If you have a long layover between flights, going to the nearest hotel to rest might not

00:08:52be the cheapest option.

00:08:53There's a much better trick.

00:08:55Check if the airport or airline sells 24-hour access to the VIP lounge zone.

00:09:01In most cases, you can have free snacks and drinks there, and use free shower cabins and

00:09:07rooms for rest at a very affordable price.

00:09:11There's an actual term for the first 60 minutes after you check in – the golden hour.

00:09:16It's the time that passengers statistically spend more money in retail and duty-free areas

00:09:21of the airport.

00:09:23And having the most comfortable seats in those areas right in front of the shops is a clever

00:09:28trick to lure you in for shopping.

00:09:30Sitting in a comfy chair while looking at a flashy sign or shopping window can be tempting.

00:09:37If you ever wanted to know what happens to your baggage while you're on board a plane,

00:09:42the short answer is that airport staff don't know once it leaves their territory.

00:09:47And they probably don't really care.

00:09:49Sorry.

00:09:50Baggage is sorted automatically.

00:09:52Scanners scan the barcode and sort the baggage according to its destination.

00:09:57The three main tasks of airport baggage handlers are to move your bags from the check-in area

00:10:01to the gate, to move them from one gate to another when you have a connection, and to

00:10:07move your bags from the plane to the baggage claim area.

00:10:12And that's it.

00:10:13So, if your baggage doesn't move fast enough, it can be late for your connecting flight.

00:10:18Or the exact opposite.

00:10:20Your bag gets to your destination before you do because you're stuck at passport control.

00:10:25Another problem can arise if you forget to tear off any old stickers showing a different

00:10:30destination.

00:10:31In this case, the scanner might send your baggage to the wrong country.

00:10:37You arrive at the airport, already anticipating a couple weeks away from work and all your

00:10:42daily troubles.

00:10:43Park your car in the lot and then find out that it's going to cost you a small fortune

00:10:48to leave your car there.

00:10:49Why so much?

00:10:51In fact, airport parking lots are a business just like any other.

00:10:55The land on which they're built, the construction of the lot itself, the maintenance of the

00:11:00whole thing once it's already in operation, all that costs a handsome amount of money.

00:11:06And somebody's got to pay for it, of course.

00:11:08In addition, parking right next to an airport is simply convenient, which adds to the final

00:11:13cost.

00:11:15If you're not ready to dip into your pocket for a piece of extra comfort, better take

00:11:19a cab.

00:11:21Contrails, those white trails airplanes often leave behind them at high altitudes, are easily

00:11:26mistaken for engine exhaust.

00:11:29But most are nothing more than water vapor.

00:11:32During a flight, moisture in the air collects in the engines before being vented with the

00:11:36exhaust.

00:11:38The hot, wet air leaving the engines mixes with the cool, dry air found at high altitudes,

00:11:44resulting in long, thin lines of vapor.

00:11:47Humidity determines when contrails form and how long they remain visible.

00:11:52If it's already humid up there, then there's more water and the contrail is more prominent.

00:11:57And if it's cold, the droplets might turn into ice, staying behind for a much longer

00:12:02time.

00:12:04If someone were able to open the door mid-flight, they would be immediately pulled out of the

00:12:09plane by a sudden change in air pressure.

00:12:11It could also do serious harm to the aircraft.

00:12:15Fortunately, that's almost impossible.

00:12:18The doors on an airliner open inward while the cabin pressure pushes them out from the

00:12:22inside.

00:12:24The difference between internal and external pressure makes it impossible for the door

00:12:29to open.

00:12:31It might seem odd that the flight crew cares whether your window shades are up or down.

00:12:36The main reason is so that the passengers' eyes can adjust to the outside light.

00:12:41Mostly, it's just a matter of getting people on and off quickly.

00:12:45But in an emergency, the last thing they want is people stopping to blink before they evacuate

00:12:50the plane.

00:12:52Another reason for all the shades to stay up when the airplane is about to take off

00:12:55or land is for the ground crew to see if there's any trouble on board.

00:13:01For example, if there's a fire in the cabin, the ground crew will immediately notice it

00:13:06and act accordingly.

00:13:07If the shades are down, they might lose precious time they would need to rescue the passengers

00:13:12and the airplane crew.

00:13:14Ever notice the numbers on the end of the runway?

00:13:17They're actually used to show the pilot which direction the plane is facing.

00:13:21For example, the number 36 is short for a heading of 360 degrees or due north.

00:13:29Along with numbers, the letters R and L indicate if the nearest runway is to the right or left.

00:13:37Every commercial airplane you've been on has only one wing.

00:13:41That's right, the left and right wings are actually two parts of a single wing.

00:13:47The first airplanes were called biplanes because they had two wings, one on the top and the

00:13:53other going through the bottom of the fuselage.

00:13:55They were connected with struts and wires, which made a kind of box that basically allowed

00:14:00the aircraft not to fall apart in the air.

00:14:03It was necessary at lower speeds that early planes could only muster, but as the engines

00:14:09increased in power, the second wing became redundant.

00:14:13The single wing still serves as a support for the whole structure though.

00:14:18Looking out the window on the plane's wing, you can see a small yellow double hook on

00:14:23it.

00:14:24It seems strange since it might mess with aerodynamics, but it's there for your safety.

00:14:29In case of an emergency landing, these hooks are used to secure ropes that help passengers

00:14:34exit the plane via the wings.

00:14:36If they're slippery, the rope will help you keep your footing and not fall over while

00:14:40going down.

00:14:42There are several extremely fast streams of air high up in the atmosphere of our planet.

00:14:48Their paths are meandering, but they have a more or less constant flow, allowing passenger

00:14:53aircraft to use them.

00:14:55When an airplane comes close to a jet stream, it may adjust to the direction of its current

00:14:59and fly a lot faster, propelled by the flow.

00:15:03Many airlines use this to their advantage to cut the fuel costs and make air traveling

00:15:08even faster.

00:15:10Clouds, especially thunderheads, can indicate that an area of turbulence is ahead.

00:15:16But sometimes, clear air turbulence occurs when a plane can drop a few feet and start

00:15:20shaking without any warning.

00:15:23It happens when two bodies of air clash at very high speeds.

00:15:27And it's absolutely invisible, so the pilots can't tell when it would happen.

00:15:32The chances of getting into an area of clear air turbulence are higher at low altitudes,

00:15:38over mountain ranges, and near the jet streams.

00:15:41Normally, after it's hit by lightning, an airplane is sent for inspection right after

00:15:47landing, but it can still safely complete its current flight.

00:15:50The fuselage conducts electricity well enough, and like with a lightning rod, the zap will

00:15:55most probably strike one of the tips of the airplane, either one of the wings or the nose.

00:16:01Then it seeks the ground, but doesn't find it, exiting from the tail in the end.

00:16:06It's easier for electricity to roll through the surface of the plane than go inside, so

00:16:10people on board are safe from its effects.

00:16:13Still, lightning is powerful, and there can be some damage done to the airplane on the

00:16:18outside.

00:16:20Are the letters SSSS on your boarding pass a reason to worry?

00:16:25What's much more dangerous than turbulence?

00:16:28Should you really be the first to board the plane?

00:16:31You're about to figure it out.

00:16:36You might have noticed that most planes have blue seats.

00:16:39There's no mystery here.

00:16:41Airlines opt for this color because it's considered to have a calming effect.

00:16:46This color supposedly puts passengers at ease and helps even the most nervous flyers

00:16:50to relax.

00:16:52But there's also another, more practical reason.

00:16:55Stains, dirt, and scrapes are less visible on dark blue fabric.

00:17:02Never throw your boarding pass away in a public place.

00:17:05It contains tons of your sensitive information, including your name and frequent flyer number.

00:17:11This in turn may allow someone else to check your future bookings, change your seat, or

00:17:16even cancel your flights.

00:17:19So the best way to deal with a boarding pass for a flight you've already boarded is to

00:17:23take it home and feed it through a paper shredder.

00:17:27By the way, if you ever see the letters SSSS or S on your boarding pass, get ready for

00:17:33additional security checks.

00:17:36Instead of these letters, there may be a checkerboard pattern.

00:17:39Anyway, if you have any of these marks, your carry-on luggage can also undergo a thorough

00:17:44inspection.

00:17:46Why might they choose you for secondary screening?

00:17:49Some of the criteria are making a one-way reservation or paying cash for your ticket.

00:17:54In some cases, the selection is absolutely random.

00:17:58Look, your gate is open and the boarding has started.

00:18:02Wait, where are you running?

00:18:04There's no need to hurry.

00:18:06The trick experienced Globetrotters use is always board last.

00:18:10For one thing, you don't have to waste time standing in line.

00:18:14In addition, there are fewer people on the jetway and in the aisle, and you spend less

00:18:18time on the plane.

00:18:19No one is going to take your seat anyway.

00:18:23There's one exception though.

00:18:24If you have a bulky carry-on bag, it may make more sense not to board last.

00:18:28Otherwise, the chances are high that all the overhead bin space will be occupied by the

00:18:33time you reach your seat.

00:18:35And then your bag may end up in another part of the plane, and you'll have to wait till

00:18:39the other passengers disembark before you get to your luggage.

00:18:43Duh!

00:18:45Before takeoff and landing, flight attendants usually flip a small switch on the bathroom

00:18:49door.

00:18:50This prevents it from flying open when it's not supposed to.

00:18:53With the same ease, a flight attendant can open the door when someone is inside.

00:18:58Look, they only need to lift the lavatory sign and move the knob into the unlocked position.

00:19:05Pilots don't worry about turbulence.

00:19:07That's because they know that there is a thing way more dangerous than any turbulence.

00:19:12It's an updraft.

00:19:13In most cases, turbulence only drops you a couple of feet down, even though it might

00:19:18feel as if you're falling from the top of the Empire State Building.

00:19:22If the turbulence is strong enough for the pilots to ask flight attendants to sit down,

00:19:27the plane can go 10 to 20 feet down.

00:19:29The most extreme white-knuckle turbulence is super rare.

00:19:34An updraft is a big air mass, part of a storm or some other weather phenomenon, moving upwards.

00:19:41Pilots don't see updrafts on their radars at night, and when a plane hits one, it feels

00:19:46like driving over a huge speed bump at 500 miles per hour.

00:19:50An updraft is also extremely treacherous because it can push an aircraft upward to dangerous

00:19:56altitudes.

00:20:00Modern planes have a special system that detects other aircraft, mountains, and different solid

00:20:05objects in their path.

00:20:08Ten miles away from another plane, and a voice in the cockpit starts chanting,

00:20:12Traffic! Traffic!

00:20:14Five miles closer, and the same voice begins to give pilots the directions.

00:20:20Airplanes can operate with one engine, even during takeoff and landing.

00:20:24Both engines failing simultaneously is almost unheard of, but even then, a plane wouldn't

00:20:30drop from the sky like a rock.

00:20:33Pilots would have up to 20 minutes to find a suitable place to land.

00:20:38The way the cabin is pressurized has a great effect on your taste buds.

00:20:42You lose up to 30% of your ability to taste sweet and salty things.

00:20:47In other words, it's not that airplane food isn't tasty, you just don't feel its flavor.

00:20:52That's also the main reason why airline catering companies add extra salt and spices to the

00:20:57dishes they cook.

00:21:00But you know what may help you?

00:21:02Noise-canceling earphones.

00:21:04For some reason, that probably has a scientific explanation.

00:21:07Cutting off all that noise around can help your taste buds.

00:21:12Each of those dings you hear during the flight has its own meaning.

00:21:16In most airlines, a boing soon after takeoff indicates that the landing gear is getting

00:21:21retracted.

00:21:22Three dings in a row means more urgency than just one.

00:21:26A high-low ringtone informs crew members that their colleague needs them in another

00:21:30part of the plane.

00:21:32Three low chimes means some serious turbulence ahead.

00:21:36Crew members are supposed to put away meal carts, take their seats, and fasten their

00:21:41seatbelts.

00:21:43If you're a nervous flyer, pick a seat in the middle of the cabin.

00:21:47Turbulence mostly affects the front and rear parts of the cabin.

00:21:50The middle section, which is over the wings, doesn't shake so much.

00:21:56Pilots and co-pilots eat different meals.

00:21:59The reason for this precaution is very simple.

00:22:02Imagine both pilots having the same dish and getting food poisoning.

00:22:06In this case, neither of them will be able to control the plane.

00:22:10If they still want to have the same dish and won't agree to have anything else, there's

00:22:14a safety net.

00:22:16Pilots don't have their meals at the same time.

00:22:19If one pilot ate the dish and still feels OK several hours later, the other pilot can

00:22:23abrave their meal as well.

00:22:26What would you say when asked about the filthiest place on a plane?

00:22:30Nope, that's not the toilet seat.

00:22:33It's not even in the bathroom.

00:22:35Flight attendants warn that you should be particularly careful with headrests, seat

00:22:39pockets, tray tables, and seatbelts.

00:22:43Experiments have shown that one-third of all seatbelts have yeast and mold on them.

00:22:48Most tray tables are covered with bacteria.

00:22:52Seat pockets are extremely filthy too, but headrests are the dirtiest of them all.

00:22:57In most cases, flight attendants don't have enough time to change or disinfect them in

00:23:02between flights.

00:23:07If your captain announces they're finishing some paperwork, it means they're busy revising

00:23:11the flight itinerary or waiting for the ground staff to prepare the flight logbook.

00:23:16That's a journal that contains the official record of a journey.

00:23:21Some places, especially those flying long distances, have secret bedrooms for crew members

00:23:25to catch some shut-eye.

00:23:28These bedrooms, called crew rest compartments, are located either at the back of the plane

00:23:33or behind the cockpit.

00:23:35Such a compartment can have up to 10 comfortable beds where flight attendants can have a rest.

00:23:41Plane windows are made of super-strong plexiglass that can easily cope with high speeds.

00:23:47The window panes are shaped in a special way so that the high pressure inside the cabin

00:23:51pushes them against the aircraft body.

00:23:54In other words, plane windows are very unlikely to get broken.

00:24:00Once upon a time, plane windows were square, but the pressure built up in the corners of

00:24:05such windows, making them ultimate weak spots.

00:24:09This means that each square window had four weak spots.

00:24:13This made them likely to crash under the enormous stress of high altitudes.

00:24:17Luckily, making airplane windows curved solved this problem once and forever.

00:24:23Such a shape distributes the pressure and reduces the likelihood of cracks or any other

00:24:27damage.

00:24:29Planes regularly get struck by lightning, at least once a year or once per 1,000 hours

00:24:34of flight time.

00:24:36These days, it's totally safe.

00:24:38The electric charge simply runs through the aircraft's aluminum shell.

00:24:42It doesn't cause the plane any damage.

00:24:46But did you know that airplanes not only get hit by lightning, but they also trigger it?

00:24:52When an aircraft is flying through a cloud, the friction between its fuselage and the

00:24:57air creates static electricity.

00:25:00Sometimes it can cause lightning.

00:25:04Many airports have carpets at their gate areas.

00:25:07This nicety usually comes with a few other perks.

00:25:10Lower ceilings, comfortable seats, and pleasant natural lighting.

00:25:14All this costs more for airports.

00:25:16And carpets are not so easy to clean as hard floors are.

00:25:20But they create a cozy feeling for passengers waiting for their flight, making them more

00:25:24relaxed.

00:25:25Still, it isn't a gesture of goodwill on the part of airports.

00:25:29According to social research, calm passengers are about 7 to 10 percent more likely to go

00:25:34window shopping and actually buy something in the lounge area or duty-free zone.

00:25:39So, by investing in the passengers' comfort, airports actually increase their own income.

00:25:45If you ever wanted to know what happened to your baggage while you're on board a plane,

00:25:49the short answer is that airport staff don't actually know once it leaves their territory.

00:25:54And they probably really don't care.

00:25:56Sorry.

00:25:57Baggage is sorted automatically.

00:25:59Scanners scan the barcode and sort the baggage according to its destination.

00:26:03The three main tasks of airport baggage handlers are to move your bags from the check-in area

00:26:08to the gate, to move them from one gate to another when you have a connection, and to

00:26:12move your bags from the plane to the baggage claim area.

00:26:16And that's it.

00:26:17So, if your luggage doesn't move fast enough, it can be late for your connecting flight.

00:26:21Or the exact opposite.

00:26:23Your bag gets to your destination before you do because you're stuck at passport control.

00:26:28Another problem can arise if you forget to tear off any old stickers showing a different

00:26:32destination.

00:26:33In this case, the scanner might send your luggage to the wrong country.

00:26:38Most airports are equipped with giant kitchens where the food for passengers is prepared.

00:26:43These kitchens usually cook food for different airlines at once.

00:26:46And since that oh-so-delightful airplane food must be cooked for about 6-10 hours in advance,

00:26:51these kitchens have to work 24-7.

00:26:55And however surprising it might sound, the menu for your flight is developed up to a

00:26:59year in advance.

00:27:01This is a common practice for most airlines because every single ingredient matters and

00:27:05adds to expenses.

00:27:07In fact, one airline managed to save $40,000 after they removed just one olive from every

00:27:13salad they served on their flights.

00:27:16Airport staff sometimes ask passengers to rub their hands on a piece of cloth before

00:27:20putting it into a special machine.

00:27:23It might seem kind of scary, but it's actually harmless.

00:27:26You're simply being checked by a machine called an atomizer.

00:27:30Before their working day starts, employees put samples of dangerous chemicals into the

00:27:35machine.

00:27:36The machine memorizes these smells, and in case a person's hand smells like those chemicals,

00:27:41it alerts airport staff to this danger.

00:27:44You know how it sometimes goes.

00:27:46You come to the security checkpoint, and suddenly it turns out you have something prohibited

00:27:50to take on board in your carry-on.

00:27:53But don't worry.

00:27:54All the things seized during the pre-flight inspection can be stored at the airport for

00:27:57as long as three months.

00:28:00On top of that, you have an opportunity to mail them any address inside the country.

00:28:04Things taken away by security and weren't claimed can also get sold at special auctions

00:28:09and are delivered worldwide.

00:28:12If you have a long layover between flights, going to the nearest hotel to rest might not

00:28:16be the cheapest option.

00:28:18There's a much better trick.

00:28:20Check if the airport or airline sells 24-hour access to the VIP lounge zone.

00:28:25In most cases, you can have free snacks and drinks there, and use free shower cabins and

00:28:30rooms for rest at a very affordable price.

00:28:33In multi-terminal airports, search for underground passageways connecting terminals that most

00:28:38people might not know about.

00:28:40For example, at Frankfurt Airport in Germany, there's a walking tunnel between Terminal

00:28:451 and Terminal 2 that's mostly used by employees since passengers are simply unaware of its

00:28:51existence.

00:28:53Here's an actual term for the first 60 minutes after you clear check-in.

00:28:57The golden hour.

00:28:59It's the time that passengers statistically spend more money in retail and duty-free areas

00:29:03of the airport.

00:29:05And having the most comfortable seats in those areas right in front of the shops is a clever

00:29:09trick to lure you in for shopping.

00:29:12Let's admit, sitting in front of a comfy chair while looking at a flashy sign or shopping

00:29:16window can be tempting, and that's exactly what the airports want you to feel.

00:29:21If your flight is overbooked and you can't fly at the designated time, don't hurry to

00:29:26accept the first voucher you're offered as an apology.

00:29:29Normally, airlines keep raising the stakes until they have enough volunteers to give

00:29:33up their flight seats.

00:29:35And if they don't and you've been bumped in voluntarily, you can insist on a cash refund

00:29:39instead.

00:29:40Depending on your ticket price and the time of your delay, you might be entitled to as

00:29:44much as $1,300.

00:29:48Most airports have specific experts called profilers.

00:29:52These people practice what's called SPOT, or the Screening Passengers by Observation

00:29:58technique.

00:29:59They carefully analyze facial expressions, gestures, and behavior in order to detect

00:30:04suspicious people.

00:30:06Their job is to notice the non-verbal signs of anxiety, such as people licking their lips,

00:30:11itching, or looking around a lot.

00:30:13If a profiler notices a person acting in a weird or off way, they can invite them for

00:30:19an inspection, where they can talk to a person to find out more about them.

00:30:24Profilers work in both the main halls and in passport control.

00:30:27The typical question they ask is, what's the purpose of your visit?

00:30:31Then they check the person's reaction to this inquiry.

00:30:34No matter how reserved a passenger is, if they have something to hide, TSA officers

00:30:38will find out, thanks to the tiniest cues in people's behavior.

00:30:43Before your luggage even gets on the plane, it goes through 5 security levels, and one

00:30:48of them, besides scanning the contents, includes being checked by a special dog that can sniff

00:30:53out dangerous chemicals.

00:30:55It's a well-known fact that a dog's nose is much stronger than that of any human.

00:31:00In fact, dogs distinguish smells from 10,000 to 100,000 times better than people do.

00:31:06No wonder airports take advantage of this super sense for security and regularly use

00:31:11these sniffer dogs to detect suspicious substances.

00:31:15What's really cool is that you can't even distinguish a detection dog from its civilian

00:31:19siblings.

00:31:20Unlike police dogs, the ones working at airports aren't trained to frighten or intimidate people.

00:31:26The most popular sniffer breeds are golden retrievers, labs and German short-haired pointers.

00:31:32Charging your phone at a specifically designated spot can look convenient, but it's not really

00:31:37safe.

00:31:38If the charging station only allows you to plug in your cord, you might get malware installed

00:31:42on your phone with you, none the wiser.

00:31:45The only safe way to charge your phone or tablet is to find an electric socket and use

00:31:49it with your own charger.

00:31:51Same goes for free airport Wi-Fi.

00:31:54Apart from the airports requiring you to authenticate yourself more often than not, someone can

00:31:59easily access your data while you're using an unprotected Wi-Fi hotspot.

00:32:03It's safer to use your mobile data, but if you absolutely have to use the airport's Wi-Fi,

00:32:09best clear or encrypt all your important data on your device.

00:32:13It might be exasperating to take your laptop out of your carry-on at the security check

00:32:17every single time, but the airport staff need to have a clear look at your device to make

00:32:22sure nothing is concealed inside.

00:32:25On the screen of an x-ray scanner, a laptop looks like a semi-transparent object with

00:32:30a clearly visible hard drive, CD drive, and whatnot.

00:32:33But security officers can't see what's behind some of those parts, for example, a dense

00:32:38and rather large battery.

00:32:40People tend to choose the closest security line to them.

00:32:43If that line turns out to be super crowded, just look around after ID and ticket check.

00:32:49You may see another checkpoint with much fewer people.

00:32:53Some checkpoints at the airport are situated at the far edges of the terminal, and that's

00:32:57why passengers fail to notice them.

00:32:59Applying for a TSA pre-check can be a great time-saver for traveling in and out of the

00:33:04U.S.

00:33:05Being a member of this program has some great perks.

00:33:08First, getting through security and passport control happens faster.

00:33:13If you're a pre-check traveler, you won't have to take off your shoes or remove your

00:33:16belt.

00:33:17And forget about placing your stuff like liquids and laptops in special bins.

00:33:21If you aren't flying to or from the U.S., then you can look up similar services available

00:33:27in your country.

00:33:30If you're flying economy class but don't like it, who does?

00:33:33Check in online and check out the seating options about four days before your flight.

00:33:38It's about that time that airlines typically start upgrading seats, and you might get an

00:33:42upgrade to business class for a small fee or even sometimes for free.

00:33:47You can also ask for an upgrade when you're already at the airport.

00:33:50Most people forget about this opportunity or simply don't care.

00:33:53So you might just get lucky.

00:33:57When it's too cold outside, airplanes often get delayed, or in extreme cases, even canceled

00:34:02altogether.

00:34:04First of all, if it snows heavily, such conditions drastically decrease visibility, making it

00:34:10unsafe to taxi and take off.

00:34:13During a blizzard, flight control may command the aircraft to stay on the ground and wait

00:34:17until the snowstorm subsides.

00:34:20Ice on the runway is another reason.

00:34:22An airplane's landing gear are nothing like a car's wheels, and they can't be equipped

00:34:27with studs to avoid skidding.

00:34:29But even if they were, a plane needs to develop speeds on the ground that are much higher

00:34:33than on an average road to take off successfully.

00:34:37If the runway is slippery with ice, the airplane can slide off it easily.

00:34:43Things like this actually happened in the past.

00:34:45For example, in January 2014, the JFK Airport in New York was shut down after a plane skidded

00:34:52off the runway and into the snow.

00:34:54Luckily, no one was injured, but the airport staff had to dig the aircraft out of the snow,

00:35:00and even the local police joined the efforts.

00:35:03Same story with landing, which is even trickier in freezing conditions because a plane is

00:35:08in much less of a controlled environment and traveling at even greater speeds.

00:35:13What's more, while an airplane that's about to take off and skidding will probably get

00:35:17into an open area and stop there, one that's about to land could end up crashing into the

00:35:22airport's infrastructure.

00:35:24Needless to say, that's way more dangerous for everyone.

00:35:28Freezing weather conditions can also cause frost and ice sheets to build up on the plane

00:35:33itself.

00:35:34Airplanes are carefully engineered and any tampering with their structure may cause huge

00:35:39trouble.

00:35:40As experienced pilots say, even a thin crust of ice over the wings of a plane can mess

00:35:44with their delicate design and destroy lift.

00:35:48Planes can be de-iced, though.

00:35:50The airport staff usually spray them with a special solution that doesn't let the ice

00:35:54build up on the aircraft's skin.

00:35:56But back to the runway.

00:35:58If it's covered with ice, there's little you can do.

00:36:01Unless the sun is shining, the chances of safely removing the ice from the pavement

00:36:05are almost zero.

00:36:08There's also a chance of damaging the pavement, making potholes, which can result in safety

00:36:12concerns for both takeoff and landing.

00:36:15Imagine driving over a pothole in a car at full speed.

00:36:19Pretty unpleasant.

00:36:20And now multiply it by about a thousand, because a plane is much heavier than a car, and don't

00:36:25forget that the landing gear is not exactly there for driving.

00:36:30Jet fuel and the equipment that pumps it can freeze too if the temperature is too low.

00:36:35The fuel freezes at negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit, but that can only happen on the ground before

00:36:40takeoff.

00:36:41At a cruising altitude, temperatures may drop as low as negative 70 degrees Fahrenheit,

00:36:47but since the liquid is inside the plane and burning down steadily, it's much warmer there.

00:36:52On the ground, though, nothing stops the fuel from turning into ice.

00:36:56If that happens, no flights are available, obviously.

00:37:00Same goes for the pumping equipment.

00:37:02Even if the fuel is still liquid, the pump may cover with ice and just stop delivering

00:37:07the fuel into the plane's tanks.

00:37:09In the worst-case scenario, it might even break down, leading to expensive repairs and

00:37:14prolonged delays in flights.

00:37:16Finally, ground crews have to do a lot of work before takeoff or landing, and they're

00:37:21all human after all, so they can't bear the freezing cold for too long.

00:37:25This issue is often resolved by tag-teaming.

00:37:29One group of workers goes out in the field to do the job, while the other is waiting

00:37:32for them in a shelter.

00:37:34After 20 minutes or so, the first group returns to warm up, and the second one takes up the

00:37:39job where the first one left it.

00:37:41Although it's efficient, it still slows down the operations a lot, so that might also cause

00:37:46delays.

00:37:48But despite all the trouble freezing weather can cause, it's actually more beneficial for

00:37:53a plane than extreme heat.

00:37:56Cold air is denser than hot, so planes gain more lift and stay truer while in the air.

00:38:02They're more easily controlled in flight, too.

00:38:05Air molecules are slower and closer together, creating a steady flow of air around the wings

00:38:09and cockpit.

00:38:11At high altitudes, the air naturally becomes thinner as the air molecules spread out and

00:38:16become more scarce.

00:38:17That's exactly why planes can't get to the upper layers of the atmosphere.

00:38:21There's just not enough air there to create sufficient lift.

00:38:25The same happens when it's too hot down on the ground, though.

00:38:28Air molecules get faster and spread out, meaning the plane's wings don't have as much air to

00:38:33push off and get into the flight mode.

00:38:36To take off in extreme heat, a plane has to move much faster to generate enough air resistance

00:38:42and lift.

00:38:43But to move faster, the plane needs its engines to work better, and that's also impossible

00:38:48when it's too hot.

00:38:49As the air gets thinner, the amount of oxygen decreases, too.

00:38:54And jet engines use oxygen in the atmosphere for combustion.

00:38:58When they lack this crucial element, they can't convert enough energy into thrust,

00:39:03meaning slower acceleration and worse energy output overall.

00:39:08So the problem is that the plane has to have a longer runway distance to build up enough

00:39:12speed and lift to take off.

00:39:15But it can't, because its engines are not working to the best of their ability.

00:39:20This usually doesn't cause trouble, but only up to a point.

00:39:24When the temperatures on the ground level reaches about 120 degrees Fahrenheit, some

00:39:28flights can get canceled, because it's simply dangerous for them to try and take off.

00:39:34Other planes are more heat-resistant and powerful, but that also depends on the heat.

00:39:40Some aircraft even have to reduce their weight by removing part of their fuel, cargo, or

00:39:45even passengers when it's too hot.

00:39:47Lighter load means better acceleration before takeoff, and it doesn't help to avoid cancellations.

00:39:53But it also means planes aren't working to their full capacity.

00:39:57The average cruising altitude for an airplane is about 35,000 feet.

00:40:02They don't technically need to be so high up, but that altitude gives the best speed

00:40:06and efficiency.

00:40:08Air gets thinner at higher altitudes, which means less wind resistance, but less lift.

00:40:14For most commercial aircraft, the area between 30,000 and 40,000 feet is the sweet spot where

00:40:20the two factors balance out.

00:40:23You probably still aren't using a laptop from 1999, and your computer isn't flying

00:40:28at close to the speed of sound.

00:40:30Fortunately, planes have a much longer lifespan than computers.

00:40:34There are airliners from the early 1970s that are still just fine.

00:40:39They might not be able to keep up in terms of speed and fuel efficiency, but older planes

00:40:44are no less safe than their modern counterparts.

00:40:48Contrails, those white trails airplanes leave behind them at high altitudes, are easily

00:40:53mistaken for engine exhaust, but most are nothing more than water vapor.

00:40:58During a flight, moisture in the air collects in the engines before being vented with the

00:41:03exhaust.

00:41:04The hot, wet air leaving the engines mixes with the cool, dry air found at high altitudes,

00:41:10resulting in long, thin lines of vapor.

00:41:13Humidity determines when contrails form and how long they remain visible.

00:41:19Ever notice the numbers on the end of a runway?

00:41:21They're actually used to show the pilot which direction the plane is facing.

00:41:25For example, the number 36 is short for a heading of 360 degrees or due north.

00:41:33Along with numbers, the letters R and L indicate if the nearest runway is to the right or left.

00:41:40The lights on the tips of a plane's wings are called position lights or navigation lights,

00:41:45and they're used during times of reduced visibility.

00:41:48They help planes to see each other in the dark, and can also tell pilots what direction

00:41:53an aircraft is traveling.

00:41:55The red light marks the tip of the left wing, while the green light is on the right.

00:42:00The third light is white and found on or near the tail.

00:42:04It might seem odd that the flight crew cares whether your window shades are up or down.

00:42:09The main reason is so that the passengers' eyes can adjust to the outside light.

00:42:13Mostly, it's just a matter of getting people on and off quickly.

00:42:17But in an emergency, the last thing they want is people stopping to blink before they evacuate the plane.

00:42:27That little yellow hook you can see from the airplane's window if you're sitting next

00:42:32to the wing is there to help you in case of an emergency landing.

00:42:37Inflatable slides can only be deployed from the emergency exit doors in the front and

00:42:42the tail of the plane.

00:42:43In the middle, the passengers would have to walk right out on the wing and get to the

00:42:47ground from there.

00:42:49But jumping from the plane wing isn't safe because it's just too high.

00:42:54And here's where those little yellow hooks come in handy.

00:42:57The flight attendants tie ropes from the doors and through the loops for the passengers to

00:43:01hold on to.

00:43:02This way, everyone can safely get to the ground without injuries.

00:43:08You want to try to avoid cozying up under airplane blankets.

00:43:12Some airlines only wash them about once a month.

00:43:15Better use your own travel blanket, a scarf, or a jacket.

00:43:19And always remember to wear your shoes while walking around the plane.

00:43:23That carpet on the floor can't and won't be cleaned to perfection between flights.

00:43:27It's just too much time and effort for the cabin crew.

00:43:31The dirtiest place on a plane isn't the bathroom – it's your tray table.

00:43:36It has 8 times more bacteria than an on-board toilet flush button.

00:43:42In case of emergency, oxygen masks only have enough airflow to last for about 15 minutes.

00:43:48Luckily, it's just the amount of time a plane needs to find a suitable landing place

00:43:54or to at least descend to the altitude where people won't need oxygen masks anymore.

00:44:00You may wonder why you're asked to lift your seat back and close your tray table before

00:44:05take-off and landing, but it's for your own safety.

00:44:09A reclined seat is comfy for you, but it makes it harder for the passenger behind you to

00:44:14get out of their seat, which is crucial in case of an emergency.

00:44:18The lower tray table is the same way, only this time it's you who won't be able to

00:44:23stand up fast enough if anything happens.

00:44:26Besides, the tray table prevents you from assuming the secure position in the event

00:44:30of an emergency landing.

00:44:32This position requires you to bend over in your seat, put your head between your knees,

00:44:37and cover the back of your head with your hands.

00:44:40Imagine doing that while your tray table is open!

00:44:44If you look around the cabin, you'll notice little black or red triangles around the midsection

00:44:49of the plane.

00:44:51These stickers let the flight attendants know where the airplane wings are located so they

00:44:55can immediately look out the right window to see if something is amiss outside.

00:45:01You shouldn't lower the window shades while taking off, taxiing, or landing for two reasons.

00:45:07First, the flight attendants must always be able to monitor the situation outside, and

00:45:12open shades help them with that, obviously.

00:45:15Second, if something's gone wrong on board the plane while it's on the ground, for

00:45:20example, a fire, the ground crews won't be able to see it and evaluate the situation

00:45:25before going in unless the windows are open.

00:45:29That tiny hole you see at the bottom of any airplane window isn't there to scare you

00:45:34nuts.

00:45:35In fact, it helps keep the pressure from the inside and the outside of the window equalized.

00:45:40The hole itself is only made in the second layer of glass, and there are three of them

00:45:44overall, which also helps with security, by the way.

00:45:48Even if the outer glass breaks, there will still be two more to keep you safe.

00:45:54You might see flight attendants touching the overhead compartments while they're

00:45:58walking along the aisle, but that's not exactly what they do.

00:46:02Right beneath the compartments, there's usually a handrail that goes all the way through

00:46:06the cabin, so you can also use this trick to stay firmer on your feet in the aisle.

00:46:13The pilots dim the lights in the cabin during nighttime not for you to get cozy and sleepy.

00:46:19Our eyes have a hard time adjusting to darkness in the first few minutes of sudden lights

00:46:23out, and in the case of emergency, every second matters.

00:46:28So the lights get dimmed to let you get used to darkness in case something happens and

00:46:32you have to act fast.

00:46:36Pay attention to the aisle floor too.

00:46:38If there's an emergency landing at night, there will be two luminescent strips along

00:46:43the aisle showing you the way to the exit.

00:46:46Follow them to get safely out of the plane.

00:46:49Flight attendants also suggest counting the seats between you and the emergency exit once

00:46:53you're seated.

00:46:55This will help you navigate in case there's no other guidance available.

00:47:00If a lightning bolt hits the plane, the passengers won't feel it.

00:47:04The entire aircraft is covered with aluminum coating that conducts electrical current and

00:47:09doesn't let it inside.

00:47:10This protection is tested using a lightning simulator.

00:47:15Plane windows are round because the air pressure is evenly distributed this way.

00:47:20If the plane's windows were square, strong air currents would accumulate in the corners

00:47:24of the windows, depressurizing the cabin.

00:47:27And that's bad.

00:47:30Don't think you become untouchable if you go to the airplane toilet.

00:47:34The bathroom door can be opened from the outside.

00:47:38There's usually a small latch at the top of the door that allows cabin crew to get

00:47:42you out of there.

00:47:44It's useful for both getting to people doing something suspicious in the bathroom and helping

00:47:49those who don't feel well and, for example, collapsed while in the toilet.

00:47:53Yeah, let's avoid doing that.

00:47:57The plane's wings flash red and green lights at night to show the direction the plane is

00:48:02heading in.

00:48:03A green light is always on the right wing, and a red one is on the left.

00:48:09Tires are designed to withstand 4-5 times more pressure than they actually experience

00:48:14upon landing.

00:48:16The wheel is more likely to break than the tire.

00:48:20Pilots always have different meals.

00:48:23This is necessary to reduce the risk of food poisoning.

00:48:26The flight can still go well if one of the pilots has gone down because of a stale burrito,

00:48:32but not if it's both of them.

00:48:34And try not to both of you eat the fish.

00:48:39Some airlines don't allow pilots to have beards.

00:48:42Facial hair can prevent securely fitting the oxygen mask, and pilots must always remain

00:48:47conscious.

00:48:50The seats are blue in most aircraft because this color soothes people.

00:48:54It's also easy to keep clean.

00:48:57The rumbling noise you hear after boarding the plane is luggage being loaded on the plane.

00:49:02The compartment is right beneath the cabin, so it can sound quite loud sometimes.

00:49:09On most flights longer than 7 or 8 hours, pilots have access to a specially designed

00:49:14rest seat in or near the cockpit.

00:49:17Flight attendants typically have a section of the cabin reserved for them, and it's

00:49:22sometimes separated from the passenger areas.

00:49:25Some larger aircraft even feature private crew quarters above or below the main cabin.

00:49:32The wings of most passenger aircraft are located at the bottom of the plane.

00:49:36It's called a low wing.

00:49:38Firstly, if you install the engine under low wings, it'll be closer to the ground and

00:49:43easier to repair.

00:49:44Secondly, the wings will take on part of the shock in case of a hard landing.

00:49:49And if the plane falls into the water, then the wings become a life-saving pillow.

00:49:54By the way, a plane can stay afloat for 10 minutes to 60 hours.

00:49:59It all depends on the model of the plane, weather conditions, and pilot skills.

00:50:05Most airplanes are white because this color best reflects the sun rays, and the aircraft

00:50:10body doesn't heat up as much.

00:50:12Also, the damage is best seen on white, and white paint is simply cheaper.

00:50:20Shoulder straps seem more secure than just a waist belt, but not in the case of planes.

00:50:25When the plane gets into turbulence, it's tossed a bit in the air.

00:50:29The waist belt will simply hold you in place in case of a more severe shake.

00:50:34Shoulder straps would require more space between the seats, and this is not justified

00:50:38on a plane.

00:50:40In a car, the impact is usually much stronger, so you need that shoulder strap not to whoosh

00:50:45through the windshield.

00:50:48Flight attendants' seats do have passenger straps, but that's because they are much

00:50:52less comfortable than passenger ones.

00:50:55They're narrower and positioned facing the passengers.

00:50:58Flight attendants need extra protection simply not to fall off their seats if the plane shakes

00:51:03hard enough.

00:51:04Also, they have to help and direct people during potential evacuation, and for that,

00:51:10they need to be in top shape.

00:51:13Maybe you've noticed that you always enter the plane from its left side.

00:51:17Firstly, the captain usually sits on that side.

00:51:21This way, it's easier for the captain to align the plane with the terminal jet bridge.

00:51:25Also, the aircraft is fueled and loaded with the baggage on the right side.

00:51:30If passengers come from the left, the crew can do their job undisturbed.

00:51:40Have you ever noticed that one of the flight attendants hides their hands behind their

00:51:44back when you enter the plane?

00:51:46Are they crossing their fingers for a safe take-off?

00:51:48Nah, at this moment, they're counting the passengers as they board.

00:51:52They have a special little counter for this.

00:51:56There are lots of stories about how bad airplane food is.

00:51:59In fact, it's not that bad – it's your sense of taste that's on the fritz because

00:52:04of the dry air.

00:52:06It dries your mouth out of all its saliva and dulls your sense of smell, which helps

00:52:12to feel 80% of what you taste.

00:52:14So airline companies add more spices into the food so you can feel the taste.

00:52:20Seat belts are located on the stomach because of the turbulence.

00:52:24When that happens, the plane sort of jumps up and down.

00:52:27The waist belt holds you so that you don't crash into the ceiling of the aircraft.

00:52:32The shoulder seat belts in the car protect against horizontal collisions.

00:52:38By the way, flight attendants also have shoulder seat belts.

00:52:41It's because they always sit facing the passengers to keep order.

00:52:47While all passengers are flying face forward, the cabin crew sits backward.

00:52:52If the plane goes forward sharply, passengers get pushed into seats, and the flight attendants

00:52:57are held by shoulder and waist belts.

00:53:00Even if lightning strikes a plane, the passengers won't feel it.

00:53:05The entire aircraft is covered with an aluminum layer that conducts electric current without

00:53:10passing it inside the plane.

00:53:12Good thing.

00:53:13And all electronics and fuel tanks are equipped with additional protection.

00:53:18Before any plane is released from the factory, all this protection is tested by simulating

00:53:23lightning.

00:53:26Many passengers get a headache during the flight, especially right after takeoff.

00:53:30This happens because you're getting up to an altitude higher than Mount Everest in about

00:53:3410 minutes.

00:53:35The air up there is thin.

00:53:37Your brain gets less oxygen.

00:53:39By the way, chewing gum or candies can help.

00:53:44The main reason why the seats on the plane are so uncomfortable is profit.

00:53:49Airlines want to make more money, so they try to fit as many passengers on the plane

00:53:53as possible.

00:53:54Because of this, there's so little space between the seats.

00:53:58Two additional rows in the cabin provide 12 new passengers.

00:54:02Also, companies make airplane seats lighter to spend less fuel.

00:54:06Seats become smaller and less comfortable.

00:54:10You can feel cold inside a plane, but when the plane is flying at high altitudes, the

00:54:14conditions resemble those in the Sahara Desert.

00:54:17It's all because of very low humidity.

00:54:21Every hour of flight, your body loses a lot of liquid.

00:54:24Stay hydrated, but only choose bottled water.

00:54:28Many companies don't show movies because they can make passengers too sad or emotional.

00:54:34Even if a movie doesn't have a dramatic story with incredible characters, it can still be

00:54:38heartbreaking for passengers.

00:54:41The thing is that our body experiences stress, and we take everything close to heart because

00:54:46of the lower oxygen levels.

00:54:49Also, we're sitting in seats at a high altitude and very far from home.

00:54:54Our brain realizes we're out of control of the situation.

00:54:57This feeling of helplessness can throw a person's emotions out of whack.

00:55:02So companies only show positive movies and comedies.

00:55:07Some passengers say they feel like they can't think straight during the flight.

00:55:11This happens because of a lack of oxygen, so your mind isn't in top form.

00:55:16Better not do any important tasks or make any important decisions.

00:55:22Your corneas are the one part of your body that doesn't have a blood supply.

00:55:26The only way they get oxygen is from the air.

00:55:29So worsened eyesight and dry eyes are common problems on airplanes.

00:55:34The best solution here is to take with you eye drops along with gum.

00:55:40That worsened vision is the first reason the crew dims the lights and asks you to open

00:55:45the windows during nighttime takeoffs and landings.

00:55:48Your eyes need to be adjusted to the dimness in case of an emergency.

00:55:53The second reason is the plane crew needs to be able to see out the window.

00:55:59There's a theory that hair grows faster during the flight.

00:56:03Some people notice that little stubble appears on their faces after the flight, even if they

00:56:07shaved a few hours before they got on the plane.

00:56:10Anyway, this theory is not confirmed.

00:56:14Some say the cabin pressure, lower temperature, or even heightened stress levels can accelerate

00:56:19hair growth.

00:56:21If you experience stress and get nervous right after you step on the plane, your best solution

00:56:26can be a little training.

00:56:29Go to the gym or make a set of squats before boarding to prevent stress.

00:56:33Also, a good workout compensates for the hours you spend sitting still.

00:56:40Planes lose and send in the wrong direction several million lost bags a year.

00:56:45Almost half of the lost luggage is lost because of transfer issues.

00:56:49They may not deliver your suitcase just because of lack of time.

00:56:53A plane can fly away before loaders put your luggage there.

00:56:57When this happens, they might carry these bags to another flight.

00:57:01And when your bag goes to the wrong place, it can be taken by other passengers accidentally.

00:57:07If you want to find your lost luggage quickly, take a photo of it in advance and then show

00:57:11it to the airport workers.

00:57:13You can also buy a special GPS tracker and put it in your suitcase.

00:57:17It works for 6 days, and you can use your phone to locate your luggage wherever it is.

00:57:25Airport staff take unclaimed luggage to a special center.

00:57:29If the owner doesn't show up within 3 months, the things inside the bags will be put up

00:57:33for sale in specialized stores.

00:57:36There you can find clothes, jewelry, and electronic devices.

00:57:40And of course, it all comes with a big discount.

00:57:45The rumbling noise you hear after boarding is not my stomach.

00:57:48It is luggage being loaded on the plane.

00:57:51The compartment is right under the cabin of the aircraft, so it sounds quite loud.

00:57:58Aircraft tires can withstand pressure 4-5 times more than a plane actually gives them

00:58:03during landing.

00:58:05The metal wheel is more likely to break than the tire.

00:58:10Pilots also have different meals.

00:58:12This is necessary to reduce the risk of food poisoning.

00:58:16The flight can go well even if one of the pilots feels bad because of a stale burrito.

00:58:21If two pilots ate the same burritos, they could lead to problems.

00:58:27Oxygen masks drop down when the air pressure changes.

00:58:30At a certain height, there can be less air in the cabin.

00:58:33To prevent passengers from feeling this, they should put on oxygen masks.

00:58:38When pilots descend to a safe altitude, you can breathe without the mask again.

00:58:43By the way, masks only have oxygen for 15 minutes.

00:58:46This is enough for the pilots to descend to a safe altitude on which passengers can breathe.

00:58:53The wings of most passenger planes are located at the bottom of the plane.

00:58:58It's built this way because of the engine.

00:59:01It should be installed under low wings because it's closer to the ground and easier to repair.

00:59:07Another reason is that the wings should take a big part of the blow during a bad landing,

00:59:11and if the plane falls into the water, then the wings become a life-saving pillow.

00:59:17Fuel tanks installed in the wings are empty after the flight, and it helps to stay on

00:59:21the water too.

00:59:23The wings of cargo planes are located at the top to make it easy to load the cargo since

00:59:28the hull is located very close to the ground.

00:59:31Also, it helps to avoid getting debris into the engines in case when airfields aren't clean.

00:59:37Plus, this wing location has less aerodynamic resistance during the flight.

00:59:43Little triangles on the aircraft walls are special labels for flight attendants.

00:59:48The triangles mark special windows.

00:59:50You can see flashing indicators through these windows.

00:59:53It signals the landing gear is retracted and the flaps are closed.

00:59:58For ordinary passengers, this is the place with the best view of the wings.

01:00:04Turbulence is a common thing during a flight, but usually it's so insignificant most passengers

01:00:09don't even feel it.

01:00:11Strong turbulence is rare.

01:00:14By the way, turbulence is just hot and cold air affecting a plane.

01:00:18For better understanding, imagine a big balloon people fly on.

01:00:23Remember the flamethrower installed under the ball?

01:00:26It heats up the air and the hot air raises the ball up.

01:00:30So turbulence is the hot air created by nature, and it makes the same thing with a plane that

01:00:35it makes with a balloon.

01:00:37Also, turbulence can occur if the plane gets under the hot air stream left by another plane.

01:00:47Turbulence is caused by sudden shifts in the airflow and is nothing to be afraid of.

01:00:52If that simple knowledge doesn't help you, try this visualization from a pilot.

01:00:57Put a small piece of napkin inside a pot of jelly.

01:01:00The napkin is the plane, and it's surrounded by jelly, or sorry, by air pressure.

01:01:06If you tap the jelly, the napkin will not fall anywhere, it just starts slightly moving

01:01:10within the jelly.

01:01:13Once the plane gets to its cruising altitude, it seems like the engine noise disappears

01:01:17altogether.

01:01:18No worries there, the engine is still working fine.

01:01:21It becomes way quieter than on takeoff because there's less thrust generated at this point.

01:01:27The air gets thinner, and the plane needs less power to maintain its altitude.

01:01:31If the pilots leave the engines at their climb setting, you'd be traveling beyond the speed

01:01:35of sound, and that isn't a part of the plan.

01:01:40That small hole you see on the back of airplane tails is part of the auxiliary power unit.

01:01:45It's there to produce power for an airplane's electrical systems, including lights, navigation

01:01:50controls, heating, and AC.

01:01:53The power unit is activated when a plane is on the runway.

01:01:56It doesn't provide complete power to airplanes.

01:01:59Once the airplane engines are turned on, the unit is disabled.

01:02:02It's only reactivated when the airplane lands at its destination.

01:02:07The turbines are located under the wings, since this makes it cheaper, faster, and easier

01:02:12to service the engines.

01:02:14They used to be placed in the tail, but it required expensive equipment and much more

01:02:18time to repair.

01:02:20When they started installing the engines below the wings, ticket prices went down.

01:02:26When seated in the exit row on most planes, you need to pull the window blind up, not

01:02:31down to close it, unlike in all other seats.

01:02:35It's designed so for safety reasons.

01:02:37The overwing exit is there to help people quickly leave the plane in case of an emergency.

01:02:42Some of those exit window doors stay attached to the plane, others come away from the fuselage,

01:02:47but they all have an emergency handle at the top of the panel.

01:02:51You wouldn't be able to open the exit without it.

01:02:53There's another handle on the outside of the plane.

01:02:56Rescuers use it to open the door from their side.

01:02:59Because of this handle, there's no room for the blind to retract above the window, but

01:03:04there's more than enough room for it below the window.

01:03:07Makes sense to me now.

01:03:10You can actually raise the right armrest when in the aisle seat.

01:03:14The lock is on the underside of the armrest.

01:03:16It's not a button, but a lever close to the back of the seat.

01:03:20You can pull it to let the other passengers pass to their seats.

01:03:23The same tip works for the left armrest of the window seat.

01:03:27You can lift it up to lean on the window.

01:03:29Don't forget to lower the armrest during takeoff and landing, for safety reasons.

01:03:36Planes usually use a small, powerful tug on airport grounds when they need to pull back

01:03:41out of their parking spot, but it doesn't mean they can't move backwards on their own.

01:03:46To do so, they need to use reverse thrust, and the powerful air current from it can pull

01:03:50some debris into the engine or cause damage to ground vehicles, the gate, or the ground

01:03:55crew.

01:03:56It would also use a lot of fuel and be incredibly loud.

01:04:01Plus, the pilots don't have rearview mirrors like drivers, so they can't see behind them.

01:04:06Now you understand why this risky process is banned at airports.

01:04:12They make plane wings smooth to let air flow easily around their surface and reduce resistance

01:04:17during the flight.

01:04:18Those convex, yellow hooks, though, don't they worsen the aerodynamics?

01:04:22True, but they are necessary for your safety.

01:04:27Imagine a plane making an emergency landing in the open sea.

01:04:30The aircraft is sliding on the water.

01:04:32Then, rescue boats arrive to evacuate the passengers.

01:04:36Before the door opens, the escape slide inflates.

01:04:41Passengers need to walk on the wing and move down the slide, but the wing surface is slippery

01:04:46because of water.

01:04:47To prevent anyone from falling, the stewards install a rescue rope.

01:04:52They attach one end to the door and the other to the edge of the wing, passing it through

01:04:56these hooks.

01:04:58During the evacuation, people hold onto this cable like a railing.

01:05:02They can also attach rescue boats to the wing with a rope and these hooks, so the sea won't

01:05:07take people far away from the plane.

01:05:10When flight attendants pass through the cabin during the flight, they always touch the upper

01:05:14shelves above the seats.

01:05:16No, they don't check if the luggage compartments are closed.

01:05:19There are hidden handles along the bottom of these compartments.

01:05:23Flight attendants hold onto them not to fall.

01:05:25It's a pretty convenient thing since they don't have to touch the seats and disturb

01:05:29passengers once they're moving around the cabin.

01:05:32Have you ever noticed the flashing light in the cabin before takeoff?

01:05:36It's 100% safe.

01:05:38It occurs when the pilot disconnects a plane from the airport power supply and switches

01:05:42to the onboard one.

01:05:43This rapid transition may cause flashing.

01:05:47Passengers always board from the left side.

01:05:50That's because the captain sits on that side of the cabin.

01:05:53It's easier for him to align the plane with the terminal jet bridge this way.

01:05:57Also, the aircraft is fueled and loaded with baggage on the right side.

01:06:02With passengers boarding from the left side, the crew can do their job undisturbed.

01:06:08You might have noticed black triangles on the wall above the seats.

01:06:12For you as a passenger, they may indicate the seats that have the best view of the wings

01:06:17where you can take the most beautiful flight photos.

01:06:20But the triangles aren't there for this reason, of course.

01:06:24The crew members monitor the condition of the aircraft through windows under these signs.

01:06:29In case the wings freeze, the engine catches fire, or the pilot receives a signal something's

01:06:33wrong.

01:06:34The crew will quickly move to the triangles and assess the situation.

01:06:39Those mysterious chimes you hear during the flight are a kind of secret language the crew

01:06:43uses to communicate with each other.

01:06:45The chime you hear shortly after takeoff informs the crew that the landing gear is getting

01:06:50retracted.

01:06:51A single chime during the flight is a sign that one of the passengers needs the assistance

01:06:56of the crew.

01:06:57When they're serving meals and run out of food or drinks, they can ask their colleagues

01:07:01to share using a high and low chime combo.

01:07:05Three low tones mean serious turbulence is approaching, so the crew needs to buckle up.

01:07:11A seatbelt on an airplane has a slightly different purpose from that in your car.

01:07:16The one in the vehicle protects you from a horizontal hit.

01:07:20When a plane is going through turbulence, it's shaking up and down.

01:07:23Your waist belt keeps you from hitting the ceiling.

01:07:27The tray table, the seatbelt buckle, and the toilet door handle.

01:07:31Those are some major feeding grounds for bacteria, but the seat pockets aren't any cleaner.

01:07:37Passengers leave their used tissues or wipes in there after cleaning a runny nose or coughing.

01:07:43They also become a residence for other sorts of trash.

01:07:46Even once the trash is out, the bacteria remain in their cozy pocket home.

01:07:50The next passenger becomes their new prospective target.

01:07:56Extreme heat is one of the weather conditions that can stop a plane from flying.

01:08:01Airplanes fly by generating lift with their wings.

01:08:04The air below the wings takes the plane up.

01:08:07In extreme heat, the airplane can't produce that much lift.

01:08:11That's because hot air expands and becomes way less dense than cold air.

01:08:16With less lift, the plane may find it really hard to take off and fly.

01:08:21Electronics will unlikely respond well to extreme heat or humidity, and the A.C. system

01:08:27may fail.

01:08:28Smaller jets can't operate at a temperature of over 118 degrees Fahrenheit.

01:08:34Larger Airbus and Boeing planes perform the best below 126 degrees Fahrenheit.

01:08:42Flying has long become routine for many people.

01:08:44But even frequent flyers sometimes don't know about things you should never do on a plane.

01:08:51With no bare feet on a plane, it's one of the biggest no-no's of air travel.

01:08:56Even if we omit the topic of unpleasant odors, phew!

01:09:00The airplane floor is extremely filthy.

01:09:03People with contagious foot problems might have been walking the aisles barefoot before

01:09:07you.

01:09:08There's likely to be a lot of dirt left after previous passengers.

01:09:12And don't even get me started on the floor in the laboratories, ew!

01:09:16If your feet need some freedom, take off your shoes, but at least wear your socks.

01:09:21Or bring along a pair of light slippers.

01:09:24Keep in mind that the pressurized air in the passenger cabin is just as dry as it is in

01:09:29the Sahara Desert, with only about 20% humidity.

01:09:33That's why your skin may feel discomfort after a flight.

01:09:36But wouldn't it make more sense to install several humidifiers that could add some moisture?

01:09:42But this extra load would cost airlines lots of money.

01:09:45Plus, the plane's airframe is mostly made of aluminum and other metals, and humid air

01:09:50could lead to corrosion.

01:09:51So don't forget to bring a moisturizer and use it during the flight.

01:09:57Always secure your tray table as soon as the plane starts moving on the tarmac.

01:10:01And never lower it during the take-off and landing.

01:10:03It's a security measure, which ensures that you and the other passengers will have a clear

01:10:08pathway in case of an emergency evacuation.

01:10:11Also keep your seat in an upright position during take-off and landing.

01:10:16First of all, a reclined seat can seriously slow down an emergency evacuation since it

01:10:21will block a person sitting behind.

01:10:23What's more, the more backward you're leaning, the harder it is to get into the

01:10:27braced position during an emergency landing.

01:10:31Try to avoid snoozing during or right after take-off and landing.

01:10:35For one thing, it's not the best thing for your health.

01:10:38The main problem is that the air pressure inside the cabin changes very quickly during

01:10:42these phases of the flight.

01:10:44This, in turn, affects the air pressure in your ears.

01:10:47It's important to be alert during this time to relax and open up your ears.

01:10:52For example, by yawning or swallowing frequency.

01:10:55Chewing gum works for me.

01:10:57If you're sleeping, you can't do this, which can lead to permanent damage.

01:11:02And of course, there's a safety issue.

01:11:04Most accidents happen during take-off and landing.

01:11:07If you're sleeping during these stages, you might not be alert and conscious enough

01:11:11if an emergency happens.

01:11:14This next recommendation comes from the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency.

01:11:19According to them, you might want to skip on hot drinks on a plane.

01:11:23The water used to make tea or coffee doesn't come from bottles – it's regular tap water.

01:11:28And water tanks on airplanes are often old and full of bacteria.

01:11:32In 2004, there was a study which found that more than 12% of water samples contained harmful

01:11:38bacteria.

01:11:40But if you still decide to have a cup of hot beverage on a plane, never pour coffee

01:11:44or tea on your own.

01:11:46Flight attendants are trained to handle this task in crowded aisles of a moving airplane

01:11:51and won't accidentally burn you or other passengers.

01:11:54It's probably better if you don't order Coke on a plane.

01:11:58The cabin pressure, so low up in the air, causes a lot of foam.

01:12:02For apparent reasons, flight attendants don't want to serve you a cup filled with froth.

01:12:07That's why they'll fill only half the cup, then wait for the bubbles to settle,

01:12:11and then finish pouring.

01:12:13That can take ages.

01:12:15Keep your air vent open.

01:12:16This way, you'll minimize the spread of germs.

01:12:19Planes have high-quality air filters.

01:12:21They'll catch up to 99% of all airborne germs, so you should be safe there.

01:12:27But make sure to wipe that tray table.

01:12:29With 8 times more bacteria than the toilet flush button, it's the dirtiest place on

01:12:34board.

01:12:36Another thing you should avoid is leaning your head on the window, if you have a window

01:12:39seat.

01:12:40You never know who occupied your seat before you, and, in any case, the glass is likely

01:12:45to be covered with germs.

01:12:48Say no to backless sandals and high heels on a flight.

01:12:51I do.

01:12:52There are very serious safety reasons for such a request.

01:12:56The first is that both these types of footwear make it very difficult to evacuate the aircraft

01:13:01fast.

01:13:02If you wear high heels, you will anyway have to leave them behind in case the crew is using

01:13:07emergency slides during an evacuation.

01:13:10The heels are very likely to damage the slide, so off they go.

01:13:14Now ask yourself, do you really fancy running away from the airplane barefoot?

01:13:19I'll answer that for you – nope.

01:13:21Instead, wear sturdy shoes with a solid sole.

01:13:24In this case, you won't find yourself standing on the hot tarmac or in the weeds without

01:13:29any footwear at all.

01:13:31Don't stuff heavy objects into overhead compartments.

01:13:35Your things may not stay inside during severe turbulence, and while falling out, they will

01:13:39injure you and other passengers.

01:13:41Ow!

01:13:42That's why if it feels difficult to lift something into the overhead compartment, better

01:13:46put it under the seat in front of you or elsewhere.

01:13:50Don't blame the pilot for the hard landing.

01:13:53When you experience it in bad weather, it might be intentional.

01:13:57If the runway is covered with water or snow, the plane has to touch down hard in order

01:14:02to break the water layer and prevent aquaplaning.

01:14:05Otherwise, the water can perform the role of a lubricant, and the plane won't be able

01:14:10to break or respond to any control.

01:14:13Deploying an emergency slide when there's no emergency is a bad, very bad idea.

01:14:18It can cause hour-long delays and cost airlines thousands of dollars to pack the undamaged

01:14:23slide back into its container.

01:14:26Why would someone do it?

01:14:27Apparently, some think it'll help them get off the plane faster.

01:14:30Well, they're an idiot.

01:14:32Don't be one yourself.

01:14:33Just keep in mind that it doesn't work this way.

01:14:36Don't ignore the instructions of the cabin crew to open window shades during take-off

01:14:40and landing.

01:14:41This way, flight attendants can see what's happening outside, assess the situation, and

01:14:46act fast, organizing the evacuation.

01:14:49For example, if there's a fire outside one exit, they will redirect passengers toward

01:14:54another door.

01:14:56Avoid carrying spray deodorants or shaving cream in your carry-on baggage.

01:15:00Both these things tend to explode mid-flight and, therefore, aren't allowed to onboard

01:15:05the airplane.

01:15:06A much better idea is to choose stick deodorants.

01:15:10You also mustn't keep power banks in your checked luggage.

01:15:13And if you want to bring one on board, its capacity shouldn't be more than 20,000 mA.

01:15:18Besides, you shouldn't use them during the flight since they might catch fire.

01:15:23In general, lithium batteries are safe to use, but since they're high-energy, they

01:15:27can catch fire if they're not treated with care, misused, or if there's a manufacturing

01:15:33fault.

01:15:34Such batteries have been the cause of quite a few fires onboard airplanes, as well as

01:15:38during ground handling.

01:15:40Do not worry about airport scanners – they won't harm your health.

01:15:44Otherwise, airport employees wouldn't be able to stay near them without special clothing.

01:15:49And when you're passing by a baggage scanner, the risk is minimal.

01:15:53And the last one.

01:15:54Don't act like a jerk onboard.

01:15:56Behave yourself.

01:15:57I know you will.

01:15:59Also, never try to land a plane on your own.

01:16:01Nah, don't laugh, I'm not kidding.

01:16:04In movies, they often show us that something happens to the pilots, and they can't land

01:16:08the plane.

01:16:09And that's when the main character, a very skillful person, starts their game.

01:16:14Unfortunately, it's close to impossible to do it in real life.

01:16:18Even if a person is a genius, is fond of computer simulators that match the real model

01:16:22of an aircraft 100%, and is ready to follow all the instructions from the ground, they're

01:16:28likely to fail due to one simple aspect – stress.

01:16:32It is true that there have been cases throughout history when amateurs landed smallish private

01:16:37planes after the incapacitation of a pilot.

01:16:41However, there has never been a case of a non-professional pilot landing a commercial

01:16:46passenger airplane.

01:16:47It's only in the movies.

01:16:50You can easily remove post-it notes because their adhesive is not even.

01:16:54Sticky notes feature a plastic adhesive.

01:16:56It's spread out in blobs across that sticky part of the paper.

01:17:00When you slap a post-it onto a bulletin board, not all the blobs, that are technically called

01:17:04microcapsules, will actually touch the surface to keep the paper stuck there.

01:17:09You can easily unstick it.

01:17:11And then, when you want to reattach it to something else, those blobs of glue that are

01:17:14left unused will take over the role of the adhesive.

01:17:18Eventually, you'll use all the capsules of glue, or they'll simply get clogged with

01:17:22dirt.

01:17:23So, the note won't stick anymore.

01:17:25It's very satisfying to chew gum because it's made of rubber.

01:17:29Gum from before had an elastic texture because of something called chicle, a natural type

01:17:33of latex rubber.

01:17:35Now you can chew your bubble gum easily because it's made of synthetic rubber.

01:17:39Some of these are used in car tires, too, while others are used in Elmer's glue because

01:17:44they mimic the effect of chicle.

01:17:47Office buildings are a bit taller during the night.

01:17:49When the employees are finished with work, they all go home.

01:17:53Tall office buildings get slightly taller.

01:17:55For example, a 1,300-foot-tall skyscraper will shrink about 0.03 inches under the weight

01:18:02of 50,000 people inside, assuming they're all an average weight.

01:18:08You could actually heat your house with just 70 people.

01:18:11If you've ever been trapped in a small, crowded room, you know people give off body heat.

01:18:16So you'd need about 70 people in motion to warm up your home in the winter using just

01:18:20their body heat.

01:18:21Or maybe 140 people standing still, if you consider the house uses four electrical storage

01:18:27heaters and humans radiate approximately 100 to 200 watts of heat in normal conditions.

01:18:34Why does glass break so easily?

01:18:37It's because its atoms are not very tightly arranged.

01:18:40Unlike other solid material, like metal, glass is made up of amorphous, which basically

01:18:45means structureless, loosely packed, and randomly arranged atoms.

01:18:50These atoms can't rearrange themselves that quickly to retain a firm structure, so glass

01:18:54collapses and fragments shatter everywhere.

01:18:58Do you know why airplane passenger windows are mostly below eye level?

01:19:03Aircraft are way cheaper, stronger, and easier to build without windows.

01:19:06But they're there because many people like the view, particularly about 100 years ago

01:19:11when flights were often conducted at low altitudes.

01:19:14Also, if some passengers are feeling sick, looking out the window can help them reconnect

01:19:19their sense of balance as their eyes are continually reporting what's going on around them.

01:19:24Windows in this position also help distribute the load around them more evenly.

01:19:28The floor of the cabin where people sit isn't all the way at the bottom of the aircraft,

01:19:33which is why windows end up being quite low compared to both the overall volume of the

01:19:37cabin itself and the eye level of the passengers sitting down.

01:19:42Water feels colder than air at the same temperature because it's denser.

01:19:46Because of that, your body loses heat 25 times faster while surrounded by water than it would

01:19:51if it was surrounded by air that was the same temperature.

01:19:54Since it's so dense, water has a high heat capacity, which means it takes a lot of heat

01:19:59to raise its temperature just a little bit.

01:20:02Water is good at both retaining heat and cold.

01:20:05That's why the ocean is way cooler than land, and at the same time, the hot soup stays hot

01:20:10for a long time.

01:20:12Water is also a pretty good conductor, which means it effectively transfers either heat

01:20:17or cold to the human body.

01:20:20Have you ever wondered why water cleans so well?

01:20:23It's because of its asymmetrical molecules.

01:20:26They are made of two hydrogen atoms stuck to a single oxygen atom, which means they're

01:20:31triangular.

01:20:32That's why they have a slightly different charge on their different sides, similar to

01:20:36a magnet.

01:20:37The oxygen end of the molecule is slightly negative, while the hydrogen is slightly positive.

01:20:43Because of this feature, water is great at sticking to other molecules.

01:20:47So when you want to wash away dirt, water molecules will stick to the dirt.

01:20:51They'll pull it away from the surface the dirt was on, no matter what it is.

01:20:55This is why water has surface tension.

01:20:57It's capable of sticking to itself, too.

01:21:03House cats share some similarities with big wild cats, but one of the things that sets

01:21:07them apart is their vocalization.

01:21:10The majority of large cats, like tigers and lions, will roar loudly so everyone knows

01:21:15they're coming to defend their territory.

01:21:18But with house cats, most of the time, you'll just hear purrs and meows.

01:21:23That's because of the physiology of their throat and voice box, which helps create these

01:21:27feline vocalizations.

01:21:29So a cat can either roar or purr, but no cat can do both.

01:21:34Bobcats, cougars, house cats, cheetahs, they purr.

01:21:38Purring is specific because a cat creates it when it breathes in and when it breathes

01:21:42out.

01:21:43Roaring has evolved in a particular lineage of big cats, which includes tigers, lions,

01:21:48jaguars, and leopards, except the snow leopard, who lost this ability.

01:21:53They are capable of roaring because of the bendy bones in their throat.

01:21:58Mammals have their voice box in the throat, where air passing by its structures produces

01:22:02sounds.

01:22:03The vocal cords in the hyoid bones are the two main parts of the larynx that create different

01:22:08vocalizations in cats.

01:22:11You probably also prefer the pulse setting on your blender.

01:22:14And why wouldn't you?

01:22:15It just works better, and that's because of turbulence.

01:22:19When a blender stops chopping up food and starts spinning it around in circles only,

01:22:23everything you put inside is spinning at the same rate.

01:22:26It's not really about blending ingredients together, but about something called laminar

01:22:30flow.

01:22:32That means all the layers of liquid are continuously moving in the same direction.

01:22:37When you use the pulse function, your blender adds turbulence, so the fruit chunks are not

01:22:41just rolling around the sides of the blender, but they are falling into the center, which

01:22:46is when it's easier to blend them.

01:22:49So you'd like to open your window during a warm spring or summer day.

01:22:53It's so nice to hear the birds singing, and even when you come back an hour later, you'll

01:22:57probably still hear them singing the same song.

01:23:00They're hard workers, and the males are most likely guarding their territory and trying

01:23:04to attract a female.

01:23:07And other animals have their own tactics.

01:23:10Some like to rub their scent everywhere, but birds use a song to send the message, hey,

01:23:15I'm letting everyone know, especially other males in the area, this is my space.

01:23:21So they'll continue singing the same song over and over again.

01:23:25During the winter, they will most likely sing fewer notes to each other, or just one note.

01:23:30They want to let others know that where they are is their space, plus they're trying to

01:23:34figure out if there's any food somewhere nearby.

01:23:39Why do cats like small spaces?

01:23:42First of all, they are solitary animals, which is why they always search for a safe hiding

01:23:47place to take a good nap.

01:23:49And if you see a cat curled in a tiny box, it was probably just trying to find a nice,

01:23:54warm spot to sleep and avoid the cold floor.

01:23:57Cats prefer room temperatures to be about 57 degrees Fahrenheit.

01:24:00A bit cooler than this is comfortable for us.

01:24:04And if there isn't a convenient sunbeam to lie in, they will look for other solutions,

01:24:09like a cozy shoebox.

01:24:11Cats are pretty lazy.

01:24:12They can sleep up to 18 hours a day, most average between 10 and 13 hours on a daily

01:24:17basis.

01:24:18The majority of cats are most active during dawn and dusk.

01:24:22They're not the nocturnal animals that some of us think they are, but a specific category

01:24:26called crepescular animals, together with other creatures like hamsters, ferrets, and

01:24:31stray dogs.

01:24:32Over millions of years, cats have evolved to become low-light predators.

01:24:37Their eyesight is adapted for activities during twilight.

01:24:40And since that's when they're most active, they save their energy for dusk and dawn.

01:24:45Before they became domesticated, cats would have had to expend large amounts of energy

01:24:50at these times, finding, going after, and catching their prey.

01:24:54House cats no longer need to hunt before each meal.

01:24:57But their natural instincts still encourage them to conserve energy for twilight periods.

01:25:03Why are four-leaf clovers so rare?

01:25:05Similar to animals, plant genes are located in small packages of DNA in the nucleus of

01:25:10each cell.

01:25:11They're called chromosomes.

01:25:13Former chromosomes come in matched pairs, but clovers have four copies of every chromosome

01:25:18per cell.

01:25:19There's a gene responsible for four-leaf clovers, and it's recessive.

01:25:24That means this plant will create four leaves only if it has a four-leaf gene on all four

01:25:30chromosomes.

01:25:31And that's pretty rare.

01:25:32Also, some environmental conditions like soil activity and temperature can also affect whether

01:25:37the four leaves appear.

01:25:39Interestingly, these anomalies tend to happen in clusters, so if you find one, look around

01:25:45you.

01:25:46There might be more of them!

01:25:51Check around the corner, under the bed.

01:25:53Wait, what's that hiding over there?

01:25:57Hotels are supposed to be your home away from home, but do you know what secrets they're

01:26:02keeping?

01:26:03Here's what no staff member or manager would ever tell you.

01:26:07Some hotel owners are very superstitious of the number 13, or they know guests might

01:26:12be.

01:26:13Whatever the case, you may find room 13 or the entire 13th floor completely missing.

01:26:20In the Far East, the same can be said about the number 4.

01:26:24You can easily get an upgraded room without any additional charge if you have a birthday,

01:26:29anniversary, or wedding.

01:26:32Just call ahead of time and warn them about the upcoming event.

01:26:36You might be checking that bed for stains and bugs, but you're probably overlooking

01:26:41the dirtiest thing in the room – the TV remote.

01:26:45It doesn't get disinfected between guests.

01:26:48Put it in a plastic sandwich baggie before using it.

01:26:52Plenty of other filthy things in that room, but we'll touch on those later.

01:26:57Every hotel has a place where housekeeping stores forgotten things.

01:27:01The most frequently lost items are phone chargers, but more interesting discoveries have been

01:27:06found – false teeth, glass eyes, and even boxes of worms.

01:27:12If no one comes for these strange treasures after 5 or 10 years – yes, they're nice

01:27:17enough to wait – the cleaners raffle the lost items among themselves.

01:27:22Some luxury ones may have hidden cameras built in for safety reasons.

01:27:27The most common place for this is the door peepholes, so always put a piece of masking

01:27:32tape or putty over the one in your room.

01:27:36The hidden cameras in the room itself are never okay.

01:27:39To check the place, turn off the overhead light and switch on your phone's front-facing

01:27:44camera.

01:27:45Slowly scan the room – your front camera will pick up their infrared light.

01:27:51Common spots are near the bed and in the bathroom, so check those areas thoroughly.

01:27:58Hotel owners often let their friends and family stay for free.

01:28:01You wouldn't know it since they usually leave before peak season starts.

01:28:06The employees and cleaners also get in on some perks.

01:28:10They keep towels, slippers, bathrobes, and shampoos.

01:28:14But what you might not know is that hotel chains are fine with you taking things from

01:28:19the room.

01:28:20Stationery, toiletries, coffee mugs, umbrellas – anything with their name and logo on it.

01:28:26This will serve as free advertisement when you take those things with you.

01:28:31Those beautiful bright vegetables and fruits near the hotel restaurant's entrance aren't

01:28:36just a decoration.

01:28:37They trick your body into feeling full before you even get your plate.

01:28:42You eat less, and the company saves money.

01:28:46They may give you extra bottles of shower gel or other toiletries, but there are ones

01:28:51that charge you for grabbing too much food during the breakfast buffet.

01:28:55To avoid upsetting the cooks with the amount of discarded food, some hotels in certain

01:29:01countries make their guests pay for anything left uneaten on the plate.

01:29:07No hotel chain would willingly tell you how to get the biggest discount for your stay.

01:29:12So if you have a limited budget, make a reservation after 6 p.m.

01:29:18This is when the sales department tries to sell all canceled reservations at the last

01:29:22minute.

01:29:23That often means cutting the price down, sometimes in half.

01:29:28The first Sunday of the month is the best time to check in.

01:29:31Vacationers are leaving, business travelers haven't arrived yet, so most of the best

01:29:36rooms will be available.

01:29:38To get the top pick, use a special service called Rooming.

01:29:43You can view everything in the hotel and choose which room you like the most.

01:29:48Just ask the receptionist about it.

01:29:51They won't willingly speak up about other free services unless you ask.

01:29:55Free phone chargers, hair irons, bottled water, and board games are among them.

01:30:01They can also order a transfer for you, book concert or theater tickets, and wake you up

01:30:06at a specified time.

01:30:09Hotels can refuse you a check-in, even if you've paid for a booking in advance.

01:30:14They can cancel your reservation if you don't show up before 6 p.m.

01:30:19If something's holding you up on your way, call and let them know in advance.

01:30:24Even if you arrive on time, you can still be denied a room.

01:30:29It usually happens when the hotel is overbooked.

01:30:32In that case, they might redirect you to a different one.

01:30:36Even more surprising, the chances of this happening depend on who you are.

01:30:41Young single men, couples, and groups of friends will usually get the boot before a family

01:30:46or a single older woman.

01:30:49It's because the first group is usually more flexible about the unexpected move.

01:30:54Before you pounce on that minibar, better check to see if those drinks are sealed.

01:30:59Hotel workers say they've had cases where guests finished all the provided beverages

01:31:04and then filled the bottles up with tap water to avoid paying for them.

01:31:08Shh, you didn't hear it from me!

01:31:12Large chains often have their own special transport for meeting important guests or

01:31:16getting around town.

01:31:18Their own taxis are usually cheaper than city ones, so if you want to save some money, check

01:31:24the cost of their transport at the reception.

01:31:27But don't ask the receptionist to recommend where you should have a meal.

01:31:31The hotel clerk will point you to a local place that pays them for their recommendations,

01:31:37even if it's overpriced and tasteless there.

01:31:41Guests don't really pay for the room itself, but for the hotel's location.

01:31:45Proximity to the airport, the beach, downtown, and famous sights will cost you an additional

01:31:51amount.

01:31:52Yes, even if it doesn't have any stars at all, and the conditions inside aren't great.

01:31:58Think twice before handing over your keys for valet parking.

01:32:02There have been cases when hotel workers took an expensive car for a joyride and even filled

01:32:08it.

01:32:09My car?

01:32:10No.

01:32:11A famous person could be staying in the room right next to you.

01:32:15Nobody would know it since they get to use made-up names to conceal their identity.

01:32:21For the rest of us common folk, that's not allowed.

01:32:25You requested a single room with a big bed and a nice view of the beach.

01:32:30What you got?

01:32:31A room with two small beds and a lovely view of a brick wall.

01:32:34It happens all the time.

01:32:36But they're supposed to give you compensation or some free service to make up for the difference.

01:32:42Know your right to this if the manager doesn't offer.

01:32:46The safe in your room can be anything but safe.

01:32:49If you have some valuables, ask the receptionist to put them in the main hotel safe up front.

01:32:55This place is usually much more secure since all the staff doesn't have access to it.

01:33:01Although hotel chairs and sofas look clean, wait till you see one under a microscope.

01:33:07Don't sit on them without first laying down a towel or blanket.

01:33:11You don't know if the guests before you had their feet up on the furniture.

01:33:15Laying on their feet would certainly be filthy since the room's carpets are rarely shampooed.

01:33:21Maybe once a year or even less.

01:33:23That being said, don't walk on them barefoot.

01:33:26If you use slippers or keep your shoes on, make sure to put shower caps on the bottoms

01:33:31when you pack them into your suitcase before leaving.

01:33:35Same story with that bed.

01:33:37Before you lie down on it, know that the cleaning staff might launder the linens between guests,

01:33:42but not that big, beautiful, germy bedspread.

01:33:46Don't touch the drinking glasses either.

01:33:49Even if they get it wiped out, it was probably with the same cloth used to clean other surfaces.

01:33:54Why?

01:33:55Well, because staff have only 20-30 minutes to clean each room completely.

01:34:01So they need to do it quickly, not thoroughly.

01:34:05Things that often get overlooked?

01:34:07Light switches, door and drawer handles, remotes.

01:34:10Ironically enough, it's the things that get touched most often.

01:34:14Experts have found that these items have as much germs on them as the toilet.

01:34:19Solution?

01:34:20Always bring plenty of antibacterial wipes.

01:34:24And if you ask about the hotel's cleaning practices, remember, cleaning doesn't mean

01:34:29disinfecting.

01:34:30Choose your words wisely, and don't give the manager a loophole.

01:34:36These are places where you know for sure lots of people stay every day.

01:34:41And not all of those places pay attention to cleanliness as much as they should.

01:34:45There can be bedbugs and other pests around that you won't notice until it's too late.

01:34:51So here's the deal.

01:34:52When you arrive at a hotel and open your room, don't rush to open your bags and put all your

01:34:57clothes onto the shelves, and especially the bed.

01:35:01Better place your bags into the bathtub for the time being, and go check the room for

01:35:06those pesky bugs.

01:35:08Check out all the rugs, soft furniture, cushions, and all other places that pests could live

01:35:13in.

01:35:14Only after you've done that, take your bags out of the bathtub and unpack.

01:35:18The bathtub is the safest place, because no bugs are able to survive there.

01:35:23So naturally, none of them will crawl into your stuff while you're not looking.

01:35:28You may want to throw that comforter on the floor at once, by the way.

01:35:31While sheets may be cleaned regularly, the comforters are not.

01:35:36Some hotels wash them every week or so, but others don't even bother.

01:35:41Same goes for your bedding.

01:35:43Most high-end hotels will change the sheets daily, but a lot of budget ones don't change

01:35:47the pillows or bedding after a guest checks out.

01:35:51Definitely a good idea to request fresh pillowcases when you arrive.

01:35:55It's also best not to drink out of that glass in the bathroom, as many glasses aren't cleaned

01:36:00properly.

01:36:02Some workers even use disinfectant or furniture polish to get the glasses looking spotless.

01:36:07Ever wondered why they never use fitted sheets in hotels?

01:36:11They might be convenient, but they're impractical for hotel use.

01:36:15The sheets are changed much more often than you do it at home, and the elastic becomes

01:36:19worn out all too soon.

01:36:21Besides, it's a nightmare to store fitted sheets.

01:36:25They have to be of two different sizes, one for either type of bed.

01:36:29It's just easier to take two universal flat sheets per double bed and get on with it.

01:36:34Speaking of sheets, you must have noticed that bed linen and towels in hotels are almost

01:36:39always white.

01:36:41The first reason is convenience, of course.

01:36:43When everything is white, it's easy to wash it all together and use bleach to get rid

01:36:48of any possible stains.

01:36:49The second explanation, however, is customer experience.

01:36:53According to public polls, people perceive a white color as luxurious and fresh, which

01:36:59makes their stay more pleasant.

01:37:01If you see an unusually attractive price for a room on a website, be careful.

01:37:06It might not include a mandatory resort fee.

01:37:10If you have an option to pay for a room in advance, you'll see the final cost of the checkout.

01:37:15It'll normally list the initial price you saw before booking and all the extra charges,

01:37:20resort fee included.

01:37:22If you decide to pay at the hotel, though, you might be up for a surprise when you check out.

01:37:27So always make sure to read the fine print.

01:37:30You may have seen a rather weird thing in many hotels, a phone in the bathroom, especially

01:37:35just next to the toilet.

01:37:37You'd probably be surprised to know that it's an actual requirement for hotels to receive

01:37:41a four-diamond rating from AAA.

01:37:43But this also makes pretty good sense.

01:37:46For example, if you slip and fall on the wet floor of the bathroom, a phone can be handy

01:37:51to call for help.

01:37:53Returning to bathrooms, hotels typically don't provide plungers in rooms.

01:37:57You see, hotels want you to have a feeling that you're the first person ever to enter

01:38:01the room you're staying in.

01:38:03It's a question of your comfort, which is the primary concern of any respectable hotel.

01:38:08And a plunger in the bathroom, according to anonymous polls, makes people think that the

01:38:13toilet may malfunction at some point, which doesn't help the image.

01:38:17If your hotel has card keys with magnetic strips, make sure you put your card key apart

01:38:23from your cell phone and wallet.

01:38:25The problem is that key cards are rewritten quite a lot, and they're designed for that

01:38:29process to be quick and easy.

01:38:32So a fairly strong magnet, like the one in your cell phone, could erase your key card,

01:38:37and you wouldn't be able to get inside your room.

01:38:40The hotel will surely provide you with a new card, but that's still inconvenient.

01:38:45Many hotels only accept credit cards as a form of payment, and without one, you won't

01:38:50be able to book a room directly or use the paid services provided by the place.

01:38:55Booking a room is just the first step of your stay at a hotel.

01:38:58During your vacation or business trip, you might use the minibar or other paid services

01:39:03that you'll only have to pay for at the checkout.

01:39:06If your debit card doesn't have enough funds on it to cover all your expenses, the hotel

01:39:10has no means to get their money apart from suing you.

01:39:14If you pay with a credit card, however, all the additional costs go to the bank, and everyone's

01:39:19happy.

01:39:20The time of check-in and check-out is fixed not to annoy you.

01:39:24It's done so you don't barge in onto guests who stayed in the room you've booked, and

01:39:29the hotel staff can clean the room and prepare it for the next guest's arrival.

01:39:33By the way, the checkout time is normally about 11am to 12pm, because hotels actually

01:39:39care about your well-being.

01:39:41They not only let you have your breakfast, but also give you some time to prepare for

01:39:45departure without hurry.

01:39:47Isn't it kind of annoying that many hotels don't have a socket near the bed?

01:39:51In fact, time is to blame in this case.

01:39:55Lots of hotels around the world were built before mobile phones and other portable devices

01:39:59became so popular and widespread.

01:40:02Back then, of course, they didn't need bedside sockets, and many of them haven't yet caught

01:40:06up with the times.

01:40:08You can avoid this issue if you stay at a hotel that's been built relatively recently.

01:40:13Once you're at the check-in desk, it's likely that the hotel staff already recognize you.

01:40:18Many hotels, especially higher-end ones, will do a little research of their guests' social

01:40:23media.

01:40:24While this seems a bit creepy, it's only so they can see who you are to make your stay

01:40:29more comfortable.

01:40:30At check-in, you'll also be given an initial key which will reset the door lock and cancel

01:40:35any existing keys.

01:40:37But make sure to be respectful to your receptionists – sometimes they may play practical jokes

01:40:42on rude customers by key-bombing.

01:40:45This is where they give you two of the initial keys.

01:40:48Either key resets the door, so once you use the second one, the first will no longer work.

01:40:55Toothpaste is one item you probably won't find in the hotel room's bathroom.

01:40:59For budget hotels, it's often too expensive to order, as it's classified as a medical

01:41:04supply.

01:41:05For luxury hotels, it's the opposite.

01:41:08They often can't find a toothpaste manufacturer that's fancy enough to be present in their

01:41:12rooms.

01:41:13While the staff clean hotel rooms frequently, disinfecting smaller items is not on the top

01:41:18of their priority list.

01:41:20Remote controls and phones are some of the dirtiest things in a hotel room, so do yourself

01:41:25a favor and bring some disinfectant wipes to clean them before use.

01:41:30If you're thinking about putting your valuables in the safe for security, you may also want

01:41:34to think twice.

01:41:36Hotel locks use passcodes instead of locks, so there's a high chance someone in the hotel

01:41:41will know the master code.

01:41:43And who knows who else could get their hands on this information?

01:41:47Hotels usually overbook themselves, as the average daily no-show rate is around 10%.

01:41:52This means there's a chance that you won't actually get your reserved room.

01:41:56If you show up and there are no available rooms, chances are you'll get walked.

01:42:01This basically means the hotel will pay for a room at another similar hotel in the area.

01:42:07There's a surprising amount of items left in rooms that hotels don't want you to know

01:42:11about.

01:42:12In one hotel in Portugal, a worker even found a shark that was left behind.

01:42:17With no idea how it ended up there, the shark was eventually returned to its natural habitat,

01:42:23safe and sound.

01:42:24Most, if not all, hotels have fully carpeted floors, and there's a couple of very good

01:42:29reasons for that.

01:42:31First of all, it's your safety.

01:42:33You're far less likely to slip and fall on a carpet than on a wooden or tiled floor.

01:42:38Secondly, it's much more cost-effective, because it's faster and cheaper to replace a spoiled

01:42:43carpet than change the whole flooring in a room.

01:42:46And finally, carpets add to the room's soundproofing, which you'll be thankful for if you have overly

01:42:52active neighbors.

01:42:54Ever wondered what a continental breakfast is, and why it's called that?

01:42:58In fact, the name comes from the UK, which is a group of islands, and it means a breakfast

01:43:04that's served in continental Europe.

01:43:06It may include pastries, sliced bread with different toppings, meat, cheese, fruit juice,

01:43:12and hot beverages.

01:43:15Airports are some of the most visited and, at the same time, mysterious places out there.

01:43:20So, let's see what's going on behind the scenes and what secrets airports hide.

01:43:25At some airports, there are special people called profilers.

01:43:29Such people bring to life a special program called SPOT, Screening Passengers by Observation

01:43:35Technique.

01:43:36They analyze or mimic gestures and behavior in order to detect suspicious people.

01:43:43Their job is to notice nonverbal signs of anxiety, people licking their lips, itching,

01:43:48or looking around a lot.

01:43:50If a profiler notices a person acting in an unusual way, they can invite them for an

01:43:56inspection.

01:43:57There, they talk to this person, trying to find out more about them and confirm, or not,

01:44:03their suspicions.

01:44:05Airport agents might also be watching you all the way from the security check to your

01:44:09gate.

01:44:10Some airports have facial recognition scanners that can easily track you.

01:44:14They're equipped with special software that compares passengers' faces with their IDs.

01:44:20Keep in mind that if you don't charge your laptop before the flight, it may be confiscated.

01:44:26It's not uncommon for an airport security officer to ask you to power your device up.

01:44:32If you fail to do it, your gadget can be taken away for an additional check.

01:44:37For safety reasons, it's crucial to make sure that it hasn't been tampered with or

01:44:41modified in a way that can cause harm during the flight.

01:44:46Packing an electric brush in your check-in luggage may land you in trouble.

01:44:50Brushes produced by some brands have lithium batteries inside, and those can potentially

01:44:55lead to serious problems in the air.

01:44:59That's why leaving your electric brush in your check suitcase isn't an option.

01:45:03But you're allowed to store them in your carry-on bag.

01:45:06At the same time, if your device runs on AA batteries, you can put it wherever you want.

01:45:12Anyone who's ever traveled by plane knows about the no-liquids rule, but not everybody

01:45:17knows that this rule also applies to peanut butter, toothpaste, creams, lotions, liquid

01:45:23makeup, laval lamps, snow globes, some kinds of medications, deodorant, and even gel shoe

01:45:31inserts.

01:45:32Now, let's go outside for a while and look at those landing spots.

01:45:38Airports charge airline companies huge fees for landing on their runways on certain days

01:45:43and at particular times.

01:45:45But the most interesting thing is that the landing spots can be bought and sold.

01:45:50For example, in 2016, Oman Air paid Air France around $75 million for one early morning arrival

01:45:58slot at London Heathrow Airport.

01:46:01You must have noticed that airfare has increased over the past decade.

01:46:05That's because of the extremely high prices of landing slots.

01:46:10Dispatchers don't only control the planes in the sky, as you can often see in the movies,

01:46:16but they also look after their movements on the ground.

01:46:18They also control the lighting on the runways.

01:46:21There's three types of air traffic controllers, en route, terminal, and tower.

01:46:26Each of these dispatchers has their own area of responsibility.

01:46:31One dispatcher has about five monitors, and the information on them is constantly changing

01:46:36since the monitors show weather conditions and information about other planes.

01:46:41You know how it sometimes goes.

01:46:43You come to a security checkpoint, and all of a sudden, it turns out you have something

01:46:48prohibited in your carry-on.

01:46:50But worry not, you still have a chance to save your favorite pen knife.

01:46:55At some airports, there are on-site postal services, and you might have an opportunity

01:47:00to mail your belongings to any address you provide.

01:47:04But the mailing fees are pretty high.

01:47:07Plus, certain items are prohibited, and the postal service won't deliver them.

01:47:12Airports can be selling your lost luggage right now.

01:47:15Of course, I don't say that there's no chance for you to get back your suitcases

01:47:18that's traveled to a different destination, but just as likely, you might not see it again.

01:47:24In this case, an airport has the right to sell your misplaced belongings at an auction.

01:47:30Most airports have an annual lost luggage sale.

01:47:34After paying an entry fee, you can bid on electronics, clothes, bags, and other stuff.

01:47:41While flying, you might have a celebrity on board, but you won't know it.

01:47:45Large airports have separate check-in and security procedures for celebrities.

01:47:50They often board the plane directly through a hidden door located beside the jet bridge.

01:47:56Some airlines also use cool cars to transfer VIP passengers from the terminal building

01:48:01to the plane.

01:48:03At the same time, most people come to the airport well ahead of time, and the most popular

01:48:08activity while waiting for a flight is wandering through the duty-free zone.

01:48:13And even though people rarely plan to buy anything there, different products end up

01:48:18in their shopping baskets.

01:48:21That's because lots of airports are designed in a special way that makes people feel relaxed

01:48:26and at ease.

01:48:27I'm talking about all those huge windows, a lot of light, massage chairs, and comfortable

01:48:33seating areas.

01:48:35And statistically, calm passengers are 10% more likely to spend money on retail, duty-free,

01:48:41and food.

01:48:43Designers put a lot of thought into airport layouts.

01:48:46It helps to ensure the smooth flow of travelers.

01:48:50And the main point here is easy navigation that can prevent people from getting lost.

01:48:55This is achieved through subtle but very effective design cues.

01:49:00Replacing duty-free zones between security checkpoints and boarding gates is one of them.

01:49:06They supposedly help you relax after clearing security and lead you where you need to go.

01:49:11But speaking of food, a celebrity chef restaurant at the airport might not be as good as it

01:49:16would be if you were visiting the real thing.

01:49:20Not chefs themselves, but special restaurant companies are responsible for airport outlets.

01:49:26One of the reasons is the extremely strict security that surrounds airport deliveries,

01:49:30including food.

01:49:32You may still have a nice meal, but it won't be the same.

01:49:36Now I'll tell you about one more way airports manipulate you into spending your money.

01:49:41They make you walk through the shiny duty-free stores straight after the security check.

01:49:46But the most curious thing is that the walkway through such stores usually veers to the left.

01:49:52That's done because most people are right-handed, which means they use their right arm to pull

01:49:57their luggage and are more likely to look to the right while passing through the stores.

01:50:02And the duty-free zone veering to the left leaves more space on the right where passengers

01:50:07are more likely to look.

01:50:09Oh, and have you ever noticed how many mirrors there are at airports?

01:50:15Mirrors are strategically placed there to make airports appear larger and create an

01:50:19illusion of more space.

01:50:21This in turn helps to reduce the feeling of claustrophobia and makes the airport experience

01:50:26more comfortable for travellers.

01:50:29If you have an opportunity, don't exchange cash at the airport, you'll never get a good

01:50:33rate there.

01:50:35Those who didn't buy local currency in advance can instead order it online and collect it

01:50:40at the airport.

01:50:42Some services only need a few hours' notice for such an order, or it might even be better

01:50:47to use an ATM to withdraw some cash at your final destination.

01:50:52Now, have you ever paid attention to airport codes?

01:50:56The most often used are three-letter codes.

01:50:59Why this number?

01:51:01Back in the 1930s in the USA, pilots used the National Weather Service's two-letter

01:51:06city codes to refer to airports.

01:51:09But soon, the number of airports in the country outgrew the number of such codes.

01:51:14That's why airlines expanded this system by adding the third letter.

01:51:18It was usually X.

01:51:20That's how LA, Los Angeles, turned into LAX.

01:51:24But even though there shouldn't be two airports with the same code, some of these codes sound

01:51:29so similar you could easily mistake one for the other.

01:51:33For example, look at this airport with the code CGP in Bangladesh.

01:51:38And here we have CPG, it's the code of an airport in Argentina.

01:51:43It's dangerously easy to fly to the wrong place, so pay attention!

01:51:52Seat pockets on planes are mostly filled with in-flight magazines, a plane safety guide,

01:51:57and information about the airline.

01:51:59But they're also home to all sorts of trash, grime, and bacteria that just don't belong there.

01:52:06A passenger coughs into a tissue or wipes their runny nose with a handful of them, but

01:52:11instead of immediately getting rid of them, it gets placed into the seat back pocket.

01:52:15Now another passenger comes along on the very next flight, sitting in that same exact seat.

01:52:21With limited space around them, putting some of their belongings into the pockets leads

01:52:25to potentially millions of germs spreading significantly to them.

01:52:29It's no wonder that these seats back pockets can get so nasty, everybody puts their trash

01:52:34inside of them.

01:52:36Trashes often leave uneaten candy bars, diapers, apple cores, and nuts.

01:52:41This leaves crumbs and other matters everywhere.

01:52:44All of this trash is taken out before the next flight, but they're rarely ever deeply cleaned.

01:52:49It's all dependent on the airline itself as to how often they'll really clean the plane

01:52:54and wipe everything down properly.

01:52:56The plastic tray tables where we eat and place our things are one of, if not, the dirtiest

01:53:02parts of any airplane.

01:53:04These seat back tray tables that we use can have over 2,000 CFUs, colony forming units

01:53:10of bacteria, per square inch living on their surface.

01:53:14The rich texture keeps cups of soda from sliding off the table, also creating tiny mountain

01:53:19ranges where the microbes attach themselves.

01:53:23Sugary sodas and juices that spill onto tray tables throughout flights give bacteria the

01:53:28perfect environment to stay and feed.

01:53:31Bacteria love living on this plastic almost as much as human skin.

01:53:35And there are lots of microbes that your tray catches and holds onto, especially when they're

01:53:40not thoroughly cleaned.

01:53:42Much like air vents that are always fiddled with, seat belt buckles are probably the most

01:53:46touched thing on any aircraft.

01:53:49The average buckle can contain nearly 1,000 colony forming units of bacteria per square

01:53:54inch on it at all times.

01:53:56Passengers touch seat belt buckles to go to the bathroom.

01:53:59Even after washing their hands, people will walk down the aisle touching all the head

01:54:03rests for balance to get to their seat.

01:54:06After settling in and buckling up, most will then touch their face, eyes, phone, and even

01:54:11food for the rest of the trip.

01:54:14Airports can be big virus spreaders, but they're cleaned constantly.

01:54:18The same cannot be said for the subway, buses, or even taxis.

01:54:23Subway door handles, luggage carts, chairs, seats, and poles are very rarely cleaned and

01:54:28are a breeding ground for all sorts of nasties.

01:54:31New York City's subway system is one of the dirtiest in the world, with a mind-boggling

01:54:362 million bacteria colonies per square inch on nearly every surface.

01:54:41Many of these have still yet to be identified.

01:54:43They're that rare.

01:54:45It goes with you everywhere, sometimes even into the bathroom.

01:54:48As a result, cell phones could be up to 10 times dirtier than any toilet seat.

01:54:54E. coli, the bacteria that can give stomach cramps and fevers, can live for hours on warm

01:54:59surfaces like phones.

01:55:01The best solution?

01:55:02Wash your hands thoroughly before touching phones, and make sure that phone gets a good

01:55:06wipe down with a disinfectant.

01:55:08Most people have a smartphone by them day and night, meaning that all the bacteria picked

01:55:13up during the day is transferred to them.

01:55:16Everyone touches their remote control at some point, but it isn't even thought of when

01:55:20cleaning the house.

01:55:21Dirt falls to the floor, or gets into the side of the sofa, a warm, dark home for mold

01:55:26and bacteria, where there are lots of crumbs and grime.

01:55:30A good clean with an antibacterial wipe every so often will help keep it shiny and germ-free.

01:55:36Blowing out candles on a birthday cake can expel a mist of saliva that always lands on

01:55:42the birthday cake frosting.

01:55:43This can lead to some very unhappy birthday parties if someone is sick.

01:55:48Sometimes it's better to skip the candles altogether, or accept the risk that every

01:55:53day is someone's birthday celebration, and a little bit of spit won't always hurt you.

01:55:58A single ATM gets touched by hundreds of people in a day.

01:56:02The chances that at least one of those people touching the buttons is sick and freely spreading

01:56:06the flu or cold is naturally quite high then.

01:56:09The flu, for example, can live up to two days on objects.

01:56:13It can even be days after someone has recovered from that virus that it'd still be active

01:56:17and spreadable.

01:56:18ATMs are cleaned, but not all the time.

01:56:21It would be impossible to service every single one in a major city daily.

01:56:26A single dollar bill can be home to thousands of different kinds of bacteria, including

01:56:31the usual suspects, like E. coli, staph, and a bacterium that causes acne breakouts.

01:56:37Paper money can reportedly carry more germs than a household toilet.

01:56:41And bills are a hospitable environment for gross microbes.

01:56:45The smaller in value of the bill, the dirtier it will be because it's in circulation more.

01:56:51Money can't be cleaned like a lot of things, but taking it to a bank for new, hopefully

01:56:56cleaner bills is possible.

01:56:58Use hand sanitizer and wash your hands after handling money too, just in case.

01:57:04Grocery store shopping carts can have more bacteria on them than what's ever been found

01:57:08in public restrooms.

01:57:10That includes toilet seats and the flushing handles.

01:57:13Clean wipe dispensers have been appearing at many major grocery chains, and some stores

01:57:17even go the extra mile to clean them after the day's through.

01:57:21But these simply aren't enough to keep up with the petri dish that the handles are.

01:57:26With over 100,000 bacteria per square inch, it's nearly impossible to keep them clean.

01:57:31Toothbrush holders hold onto moisture and are rarely cleaned, making them one of the

01:57:36dirtiest things in our homes.

01:57:38It can be filled with salmonella, E. coli, and lots of mold over time when it's not

01:57:43getting cleaned regularly.

01:57:45Wash your toothbrush holder in hot, soapy water every week to minimize the chances of

01:57:50getting sick.

01:57:52Toothbrushes should be changed every three to four months for a very good reason.

01:57:55It takes a while for the toothbrush to dry.

01:57:58This creates the perfect home for mold and fungus to spread and grow.

01:58:02There can be more than 600 different kinds of bacteria living inside of your mouth.

01:58:07A kiss alone can transfer about 80 million bacteria from one mouth to another.

01:58:13A good brushing routine will have around 1,000 to 100,000 bacteria living on each tooth's

01:58:19surface.

01:58:20But for those that don't brush, bacteria can be up to 100 million or 1 billion bacteria

01:58:26on each tooth.

01:58:27The dirtiest thing in our home can only be one thing, the kitchen sponge.

01:58:32It's wet, absorbent, and food and dirt are rubbed into it all the time.

01:58:37Then we wipe down our kitchen tops just to spread all that grubbiness around some more.

01:58:42Sponges are very hard to keep clean.

01:58:44The best way to keep things sanitary is to replace it when it starts to smell bad.

01:58:49It's no surprise that if the sponges are filthy, then sinks are too.

01:58:54Rinsed fruit, vegetables, prepared raw meat, and dishes needing cleaning all make their

01:58:59way to the kitchen sink.

01:59:00This creates an extremely high breeding ground for E. coli, salmonella, and many other gross

01:59:05things.

01:59:06They'll stick to the sides and drain holes and grow like crazy.

01:59:11Clean sinks before and after each use, and make sure to keep them as dry as possible

01:59:15to prevent any mold growth as well.

01:59:18Restaurant menus and condiment dispensers aren't cleaned nearly as often as they should

01:59:21be.

01:59:22If someone with a cold was using the condiments right before you, this greatly increases the

01:59:27chance of the cold-causing bacteria being on your hands and then your fries.

01:59:33Menus are rarely washed with disinfectants after each use.

01:59:36Customers have been touching quite a few things like chairs, tables, their faces, or hair

01:59:41before they give the menus back.

01:59:44Dog toys need to be cleaned regularly to prevent any bacteria or mold growth from spreading

01:59:48too much.

01:59:49Each time a dog slobbers on a toy, they don't just transfer their mouth bacteria.

01:59:53They've created a sticky, wet place for other germs to live on.

01:59:57There's no way of telling just what their favorite plaything has picked up around the

02:00:01house or yard.

02:00:03Purses and bags could have more bacteria than we really considered.

02:00:07They're regularly placed on dirty floors, bathroom floors, countertops, and out on the

02:00:12street.

02:00:13This exposes them to all sorts of germs, like salmonella, E. coli, mold, and fungus, all

02:00:19the time.

02:00:21Alcohol wipes are very good to carry around in your purse or bag to give them a good wipe

02:00:25down when needed.

02:00:27Drinking fountains are a cesspool of bacteria and germs.

02:00:31Over 2 million bacteria per square inch can be found on the fountains' faucets alone.

02:00:36As they get wet and touched by hundreds of hands, the bacteria and mold begin to grow.

02:00:42If someone has coughed or sneezed near it recently, those particles will cling onto

02:00:46the water.

02:00:47This creates a higher chance of the next person drinking from it catching something.

02:00:54That's it for today!

02:00:55So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your

02:00:59friends!

02:01:00And if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

Category

Transcript

Recommended