100+ Faits Aléatoires qui Méritent un Haussement de Sourcil

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Transcript

00:00 Can you hear a sound and perceive almost instantly a specific color?

00:06 You could be part of a particular group of people, about 4% of the world population, capable of experiencing synesthesia.

00:15 It's not you who imagine things.

00:17 A new study is trying to show that synesthesia is real, and brain scanners attest to it.

00:23 When these people hear colors, the scans reveal that the parts of their brain linked to sight and sound communicate with each other.

00:32 Since synesthesia seems to be of a genetic nature, some researchers have chosen three families where this characteristic was present.

00:41 They then played with DNA sequencing and compared the genes of synesthesia members of the same family to those that were deprived of it.

00:49 They still haven't completely identified this unique characteristic, but they have managed to restrict it to as few as 37 possible genes.

00:58 Sometimes, after a nap in an uncomfortable position, you may have felt tingling or a tingling in your arm or leg.

01:06 You might think that this has everything to do with poor blood circulation.

01:10 But in fact, this could be due to a little thing called paresthesia.

01:15 It's when your body begins to feel unusual sensations because your nerves are compressed or irritated.

01:22 Paresthesia can give you anything.

01:24 From a burning sensation to this annoying sensation that your arm or leg no longer responds to at all.

01:30 It could even add to it dizziness or these good old characteristic tingling.

01:35 Normally, it shouldn't take you more than 30 minutes.

01:39 Shake the affected body part vigorously, and it could speed up the process.

01:44 If it lasts longer, or if you have repeated episodes of paresthesia for no apparent reason, it is preferable to consult a specialist to make sure that everything is fine.

01:54 Do you know what is also worth checking?

01:57 If you have already given a blue thumb to this video, and if you are subscribed to the channel.

02:02 You know, just to be sure you don't miss anything.

02:06 In normal time, you never think about your stomach or all the chemistry it contains.

02:12 Can you imagine if one day this substance simply disappeared?

02:16 It contains chloride acid, which is also used in fertilizers, rubber and steel.

02:23 If you ever inhale it, you will have serious breathing problems and in your nose.

02:28 Every time you chew something, your stomach begins to produce these gastric juices.

02:34 They are useful because they can break down proteins, activate pepsin, eliminate all the bacteria that you have been able to swallow without even knowing it.

02:42 And tell your food to go... well, out.

02:48 Without this acid, the food would stay right there, turning into a reproduction ground for bacteria.

02:55 Proteins and nutrients would not be absorbed.

02:58 Your lunch could quickly go through your digestive system and you would end up expelling undigested food.

03:07 There is a reason why paper cuts hurt so much.

03:12 To begin with, they occur on the tip of your fingers, which are very sensitive areas.

03:17 It is because they are full of receptors, which are like the receptionists of your body,

03:22 helping you determine the size, shape, texture and temperature of the things you touch.

03:29 When you cut yourself with paper, these receptors are instantly solicited, sending unpleasant information to the brain.

03:37 Paper cuts do not look like a sharp cut made with a sharp knife either, due to the froth on the edges of the sheet.

03:45 This exposes your receptors even more.

03:48 Paper cuts do not bleed much and do not coagulate well either, which leaves the nerves alive and aggravates the discomfort even more.

03:57 We always use our hands, so these cuts continue to reopen, taking an infinite time to heal.

04:04 Paper is often treated with chemicals that can irritate your skin from excess.

04:10 Deja vu seems to strike from nowhere. You are not a wizard and you do not communicate with the spirits of the beyond either.

04:18 It's just your brain that works badly.

04:22 According to doctors, deja vu occurs when two parts of the brain have a little trouble understanding each other.

04:28 These two parts are located on each side of your skull, just above your temples.

04:33 They are a bit like the memory cards of your brain and help you remember certain things like places or the face of other people.

04:42 They even disconnect emotions and are in charge of language.

04:46 Now, in each of these areas of the brain, which are called temporal lobes, there is a region called the hippocampus.

04:53 This is responsible for short-term memory.

04:56 Sometimes the brain can encounter small malfunctions, confusing the hippocampus.

05:02 This is when we feel deja vu.

05:05 This whole process disrupts your memory of recognition, giving you this strange feeling that you have already been there before.

05:13 Or that you have already met a person you see for the very first time.

05:17 It's a completely normal process and you are more likely to experience deja vu if you are between 15 and 25 years old.

05:25 It also seems that people who travel a lot or have the ability to remember their dreams, experience it more often.

05:34 It is difficult to imagine that an entire civilization can survive without anyone being able to see.

05:41 It seems highly improbable and here is why.

05:45 First, imagine trying to grow crops without even being able to see what you are doing.

05:51 The preparation of the soil would become a nightmare because, without sight, we would get lost in the first field of wheat without any reference point.

06:00 Harvesting a little of this food would not be an easy thing either.

06:04 Animals could hide everywhere, ready to harm us.

06:08 Communication would be as complicated because we would not be able to read something without touching it.

06:15 Even our social lives would be different.

06:18 Without eyes, we should trust our voices.

06:21 Trusting someone without knowing who else is listening, thank you.

06:26 If you have ever eaten a very spicy pepper, you know that it is not technically hot.

06:31 In terms of temperature, then why do we feel like it is burning us, even if it has just come out of the refrigerator?

06:39 Well, spicy foods contain chemical compounds that deceive our body to alter its internal thermostat.

06:47 First, our lips and tongue feel like they are on fire.

06:51 Then, our nose starts to run and we can even shed a tear or two.

06:57 The blood vessels expand and suddenly our body temperature increases.

07:02 To cool things down, we start to sweat.

07:06 Our lungs can also participate and signal to our diaphragm to produce hocks, in order to chase this irritating intruder.

07:14 In most cases, all these bodily triggers are caused by a substance called capsaicin,

07:21 often found in strong peppers like habanero and cayenne pepper.

07:26 Even if we sometimes feel like moving while we are dreaming, this is not the case thanks to a complex system in our body.

07:34 This one prevents our muscles from doing all kinds of extravagant things,

07:38 linked to crazy stories that our brain could invent during the night.

07:42 It turns out that most of this brain chemistry occurs during the paradoxal sleep phase, or REM,

07:48 about 90 minutes after you fall asleep.

07:52 During this phase, your brain knows the strangest dreams,

07:57 while your voluntary muscles, like your arms and legs, are deactivated.

08:02 This muscle block is the reason why some people wake up and cannot move,

08:07 experiencing what is called sleep paralysis.

08:11 The big mystery was to know how the muscles could enter this state of paralysis.

08:16 At first, researchers thought that glycine, a neurotransmitter, was responsible for it.

08:22 Research has shown that even if we block the production of glycine, the muscles remain frozen.

08:29 It took a little more time for scientists to discover that in order to maintain these immobile muscles,

08:35 we needed both glycine and another chemical substance for communication, called GABA.

08:42 We are not as hairy as our ancestors, but we still have the skin of a hen when we are cold.

08:48 It is because of these little muscles in our hair follicles, called hair erector muscles,

08:53 that pull these muscles up.

08:56 For furry animals, this feature helps them stay warm,

09:00 but for us, it does not do much in terms of heat.

09:04 However, we and a few other less hairy creatures have maintained this ability over the years.

09:10 Experiments have been carried out to find out more about this hen's skin.

09:15 We found three key factors, these hair erector muscles, sympathetic nerves and hair follicles.

09:21 When we tried to influence the nerves, the growth of the hair slowed down.

09:26 These nerves and our hair follicles work together, creating chemical synapses.

09:32 Hen's skin is not only a quick solution to overcome a low temperature.

09:37 It could also communicate to our stem cells to grow more hair in the long term.

09:43 This is why the loss of these muscle cells could be linked to baldness.

09:49 If it smells like fish at home, and you haven't eaten salmon for a while,

09:54 it may be time to check your electrical installations.

09:57 This smell can mean that your cables have failed, that your disjunctor is defective,

10:03 or that your circuits are overheating.

10:05 Did you know that these cables emit a much more unpleasant smell than a sandwich in the shade or in the sun?

10:12 So call your electrician and have everything checked as soon as possible.

10:16 But if it's a smell of rotten eggs floating in the air at home, call a plumber right away.

10:21 Your pipes are probably contaminated,

10:24 but you can also smell something like this if your water heater is defective,

10:28 or it could still be a gas leak.

10:30 Manufacturers add water to natural gas, a chemical product with an unpleasant smell,

10:35 so that people can immediately notice the slightest leak.

10:39 The next smell is not as easy to notice as a unicorn in Central Park, so listen carefully.

10:44 Have you ever smelled a strange smell just before turning on your kitchen?

10:48 It's carbon monoxide, and it's very important to know that.

10:52 Because this gas can be extremely dangerous if you inhale too much of it.

10:57 And the worst part is that it's totally odorless.

11:00 So what is this strange smell?

11:02 It's actually what you add to the gas to warn you that a danger is lurking.

11:05 So, the next time your cook smells bad,

11:08 make sure you know that it may not be because of the lasagna from the day before.

11:11 It is not uncommon to find mold in places where there is stagnant water.

11:16 For example, when a leak is hidden behind walls.

11:18 Mold spores can develop in these humid areas and can cause serious health problems.

11:25 Bed sheets are vulnerable to shoes.

11:28 They love to hide, but only in certain conditions.

11:31 If you own a pair of shoes that you almost never wear,

11:34 be careful, bed sheets could well be comfortably installed.

11:38 But don't worry, there is a trick to keep these animals out of your shoes.

11:43 Leather shoes are a little too smooth for the punae to slip.

11:48 So it is unlikely that you will find any there.

11:50 Baskets, on the other hand, are one of the favorite places for these unbearable insects.

11:56 All these interesting textures and patterns are perfect for hiding.

12:01 So if you want to prevent the punaes from entering, wear them regularly.

12:05 They don't like to be stirred up a lot.

12:07 And who knows, you could even crush a few of them on the way.

12:10 It's worth a try.

12:12 So go ahead, put on your sneakers and show them who's in charge.

12:15 Your feet and your mental health will thank you.

12:18 If your nostrils are stung by an unpleasant smell,

12:21 it may also be time to check your mattress.

12:24 Recent scientific studies have shown that a 7-inch mattress can house more bacteria

12:29 than a science fiction movie taking place in space.

12:32 More than 16 million units form a colony for 6 square centimeters.

12:36 Enough to make the bravest of us want to sleep in a special suit.

12:40 But don't worry, there is a solution to this problem.

12:44 It's baking soda, the unknown hero of household chores.

12:48 Spray a little of this magic powder on your mattress,

12:51 let it rest for half an hour, and spend time with something fun.

12:55 Cat videos are playing every time, then vacuum over it.

12:59 And there you go, your bed will feel fresher than a margarita field in the spring.

13:03 Don't let these damn bacteria take over.

13:07 And who knows, maybe your refreshed mattress will make you have sweet dreams,

13:11 or at least keep nightmares away.

13:14 Have you ever noticed that your towel sometimes smells like the monster of the swamp?

13:18 Yes, it's because you've been using it for too long.

13:21 To avoid bacteria, change your towel after three uses.

13:24 And if you really want to ban these bad germs,

13:27 use baking soda from time to time.

13:30 Your nose, and if you don't live alone, your roommates will recognize it.

13:34 If your bathroom smells like swamp,

13:37 it's probably because of stagnant water or a residue in your sewage system.

13:40 Don't worry, if the plumber can't come today,

13:43 you can fix this problem by pouring a few drops of your favorite essential oil

13:47 on your toilet paper roll.

13:50 It's not a long-term solution, but at least you'll breathe a little better.

13:54 Now let's move on to this ugly toilet brush.

13:57 Pour a little of the perfumed detergent in its little bucket,

14:00 or make your own perfume with distilled water and essential oil.

14:04 This will eliminate bacteria, and essential oil will hide bad smells.

14:09 Just make sure you don't have an allergy to the oil of your choice.

14:13 Did you know that mold can form in your dishwasher?

14:16 Disgusting, isn't it?

14:18 Launch a dry heat cycle, without a dish, but with white vinegar.

14:22 Make sure to rinse the inside, including filters and panels.

14:26 And if your basket has a slightly moldy look,

14:29 soak it in a little diluted antibacterial detergent before rinsing it carefully.

14:34 Now let's talk about the weird noises in your house.

14:37 The "click-tick" and "clack-clack" in winter or fall can come from the start of your heating system.

14:42 If condensed steam is stuck in the pipes, try to purge your radiators.

14:46 If you hear a boil, it may be a water or sediment leak in your boiler.

14:51 Turn off the main water and listen.

14:53 If the noise stops, call the plumber.

14:55 If this is not the case, try to drain the tank.

14:59 When you move into a new house, check the walls and ceilings.

15:03 Fresh paint could hide something.

15:06 So ask your owner, the "E" that estimates it.

15:10 And avoid grainy ceilings.

15:13 Not only are they ugly, but they contain laminate.

15:16 Laminate is like a bowl of alphabet pads.

15:19 It is composed of all these hard-to-pronounce crystalline fibers.

15:23 But beware of these crazy names.

15:26 Laminate is a hard-to-bake.

15:28 It can withstand high temperatures, chemical products and even electricity.

15:32 No wonder so much was used in construction in the past.

15:36 Laminate is a rusty ninja.

15:38 It can break down into fibers so tiny that they will float in the air for days and days.

15:43 And by accidentally breathing these fibers, you let something dangerous into your lungs.

15:48 So be careful. Avoid laminate and protect your lungs.

15:52 Be careful if you are renovating an old house.

15:55 This toxic material could be in your roof.

15:58 The bacteria responsible for the odors love to party in the sink and in the drain of your kitchen.

16:03 And let's not even talk about the "Ordure" grinder.

16:06 A real disco for bacteria.

16:09 But there is a fun solution.

16:11 Once a week, organize your own party by inviting 6 ice cubes,

16:15 a tablespoon of baking soda,

16:17 3 thin slices of lemon,

16:19 and a teaspoon of Javel's water in your grinder.

16:22 Turn on the music, turn on the grinder, and let the ice cubes act.

16:26 Once the party is over, rinse everything in cold water for 30 seconds.

16:30 And there you go. A clean and fresh sink.

16:33 Your new sofa and your new cupboards could secretly release gas-nose bombs in the air.

16:39 Yes, it's true.

16:40 16 gases, called volatile organic compounds or COV, can irritate your nose and throat.

16:46 And as if that weren't enough, they can even give you headaches and dizziness.

16:51 But don't worry, I'm here for you.

16:54 If you can, open your windows to let the fresh air circulate.

16:58 And if you are looking to acquire new furniture or objects for the house,

17:02 find out about the options for low-container in the trunk.

17:05 Your nose will thank you.

17:07 And then, who would like to live in the middle of smelly furniture?

17:10 And no, it is not possible to see the Great Wall of China from space.

17:15 It's a myth that leaves us thinking, but it's just another idea.

17:18 NASA has confirmed it, and now you know it too.

17:21 Yet the Great Wall is a magnificent place.

17:24 And today is your lucky day. We're going to take you there. So buckle up.

17:28 We're going to China, the largest country in Asia and the third largest territory in the world.

17:33 And with its more than 1.3 billion inhabitants, it is still the most populated country today.

17:38 Even if India is approaching it and will probably soon take the first place.

17:44 China is also one of the oldest nations in the world, with 3,500 years of uninterrupted history.

17:50 But civilization already existed before that.

17:54 Historians believe that China was not populated by colonists from elsewhere.

18:00 Chinese civilization is very likely formed from the local populations of the Stone Age,

18:05 who lived on this territory since prehistory.

18:07 So it is not surprising that the country is full of history and ancient monuments.

18:11 And we're going to show you a few.

18:14 We are at the Great Wall.

18:16 It is more than 21,000 kilometers long,

18:18 almost five times the distance between New York and Los Angeles.

18:22 Or even a little longer than the distance between the North Pole and the South Pole.

18:26 It's impressive in itself, even in our time.

18:29 Of course, it didn't happen overnight.

18:31 In fact, the wall was built over the centuries.

18:34 You probably know that the old cities were surrounded by ramparts to protect their inhabitants from invaders.

18:39 Well, Chinese cities also had one.

18:42 The first emperor of China unified the country in 220 BC.

18:46 And he had an idea as brilliant as ambitious.

18:49 Transform all the walls of all cities into a gigantic wall that would defend the border of the empire.

18:55 This is how the process began.

18:57 And at first, the wall was made of only beaten earth and wood.

19:00 Each successive emperor resumed the project of the Great Wall,

19:04 strengthening it, extending it and repairing it as and when necessary.

19:07 But also bringing more modern construction techniques each time.

19:10 Some people favored bricks to erect the wall.

19:12 Others, blocks of granite and marble.

19:14 The gated towers and platforms did not exist either at the beginning.

19:17 They were added 19 centuries after the beginning of construction.

19:21 The wall is therefore not very homogeneous in terms of material.

19:24 But this only adds to its charm and shows the time and effort that is necessary.

19:29 You can see that some bricks have engraved inscriptions.

19:33 They were left by the workers in charge of these works.

19:36 These inscriptions were intended to guarantee quality.

19:39 They contain a mine of information such as the location, the quality of the stone

19:42 and the officials responsible for the construction.

19:44 Thus, in the event of a problem related to the material or the design,

19:47 we immediately knew who was responsible.

19:50 Do not forget either that the wall is toxic.

19:54 To prevent it from being attacked by insects, arsenic, a famous poison, was included in its construction.

20:00 It is therefore better not to lick it.

20:02 Sometimes killing this kind of weird luby.

20:04 Construction stopped at the end of the 19th century

20:07 because the wall had lost its strategic and military importance

20:10 due to technological advances by the world.

20:13 The walls of the enclosure are much less practical than before.

20:17 Their efficiency is still close to zero.

20:19 Construction therefore lasted more than 2000 years,

20:21 which still makes it the longest project in the world.

20:25 Alas, today the Great Wall is rather pale.

20:30 It is estimated that only 8% of these walls are still in good condition,

20:34 the rest being considerably damaged.

20:37 In addition, about a third of the wall has disappeared without leaving a trace

20:40 due to natural erosion and damage caused by man.

20:43 In addition, many bricks were removed from the wall during the last century

20:47 to be used in the construction of farms and houses.

20:50 Today, the wall is still deconstructed stone by stone,

20:53 but this time by tourists.

20:55 Many of them tear down a stone as a souvenir.

20:59 It makes a lot of stones,

21:01 knowing that more than 50 million tourists visit the Great Wall each year.

21:05 We will not take any souvenirs from our trip today,

21:09 but we will simply keep the memory.

21:12 Let's visit the Forbidden City now.

21:15 It is an imperial palace whose construction lasted 16 years

21:18 and was completed 600 years ago.

21:20 Today it is still the largest palace in the world.

21:23 It has 980 buildings and more than 8,000 rooms.

21:27 Why is it called Forbidden City?

21:30 Well, centuries ago, people like you and me

21:32 could not walk in the streets of this city

21:35 because it was considered a sacred place intended to shelter the emperor.

21:39 No one could enter or leave the city without his permission.

21:43 Today, the Chinese call it the "Old Palace",

21:46 the equivalent in Mandarin that we will not even try to pronounce.

21:50 Its design is not at all due to chance.

21:54 Its details reflect Chinese traditional architecture

21:57 and even the colors are chosen in accordance with Feng Shui philosophy.

22:01 The city's roofs are yellow,

22:03 which represents the supreme power of the emperor.

22:06 Most of the city's walls and pillars are red,

22:09 representing fire, earth and robustness.

22:12 The floors are made of gold bricks.

22:16 It is not gold to be spoken of,

22:18 but surprisingly they are just as precious.

22:21 It is very difficult to make them

22:23 and especially to reproduce this ancient technique.

22:26 The original paintings of the Forbidden City

22:28 were sold for 800,000 yuan,

22:30 or 106,000 euros.

22:32 We can also see statues of animals on the roof.

22:37 Just like the colors,

22:38 they carry a meaning in Chinese culture.

22:41 Dragons, phoenixes and lions are the most powerful.

22:44 Dragons symbolize strength and good fortune

22:46 and occupy a central place in this culture.

22:48 They appear everywhere,

22:50 in Chinese idioms, legends, astrology, art, etc.

22:54 In ancient China,

22:55 emperors were considered sons of dragons.

22:58 It seems that the Targaryens of Game of Thrones

23:00 are not the only ones after all,

23:02 and that ordinary people

23:03 were not even allowed to hold objects in the dragon's effigy.

23:06 As for the phoenix, in Chinese mythology,

23:08 its rare appearance when it ascended the throne of a new emperor

23:10 was a sign of good luck.

23:12 In Feng Shui, it is also a symbol of good luck.

23:16 When used in a good way,

23:18 it is supposed to bring positive energy to the house.

23:21 Lions are synonymous with strength and power.

23:23 They are always found in pairs,

23:25 a male and a female,

23:26 and they are the guardians of the place.

23:28 The number of animal statues on the roof

23:30 indicates the importance of the building.

23:32 The city is made of wood and without any nails.

23:36 These were associated with violence

23:38 and have never been welcome.

23:40 You can imagine that a city made of wood

23:42 presents serious risks of fire.

23:44 A small spark would be enough

23:45 for the city, whose history dates back six centuries,

23:47 to be quickly reduced to ashes.

23:49 The prevention of fires is therefore taken very seriously.

23:52 The Forbidden City has a variety of equipment

23:55 to fight fires.

23:57 There is even a special fire brigade

23:59 that knows the city plan like the back of its hand

24:01 and watches it every day.

24:03 As you walk around the city,

24:06 you will notice something quite unusual.

24:08 No bird ever lands on these roofs.

24:11 When the city was built,

24:13 birds were taken care of

24:15 and the engineers have directed these roofs in a particular way

24:18 so that no bird can land where it stays.

24:22 The roofs' edges are wider than the birds' claws

24:24 and the slope of each is elevated.

24:27 In addition, the roofs are made of sliding tiles

24:30 so that the volatiles cannot hold on at all.

24:33 What does this do to the birds?

24:35 Well, in this way,

24:36 the city remains cleaner and more majestic.

24:39 There are certainly no birds,

24:42 but there are more than 100 cats that roam the city.

24:45 They also play an important role in this story.

24:49 Some of these cats come directly from the imperial family.

24:52 Do you see two of the dynasties that occupied the Forbidden City

24:55 have cats?

24:56 These dynasties then collapsed,

24:58 but the cats have remained in the city and have lived there since then.

25:01 Of course, some stray cats have joined the imperial family over the years,

25:05 but no one cares about it

25:07 and no DNA test has been carried out

25:09 to determine which one could be an authentic Aristocat.

25:12 After all, they all roam the city in the same way,

25:15 hunt mice and maybe some stray birds

25:17 and protect the city.

25:18 All cats are therefore welcome.

25:20 The Titanic sank on April 14, 1912,

25:25 carrying with it all the goods of the passengers

25:28 as well as the equipment of the ship

25:30 in the dark depths of the oceans.

25:32 These objects patiently waited to be found until 1985.

25:38 Despite the rapid disappearance of the ship,

25:40 divers in small submarines

25:43 managed to recover many artifacts from the wreck.

25:46 If you wonder what these surprising objects look like,

25:49 then follow me.

25:50 A number of museums have collections of objects from the Titanic

25:55 that have been recovered by divers

25:57 or given by survivors and their loved ones.

25:59 Some of these objects are even sold at auction.

26:02 So if you are ready to spend a nice sum for a unique artifact,

26:06 why not?

26:07 The first artifact on my list

26:10 is the pocket watch of John Chapman,

26:13 a Titanic passenger on a honeymoon with his wife Elizabeth.

26:17 When the wreck hit the iceberg,

26:19 Elizabeth had a seat in a lifeboat

26:22 next to her friend, Emily Richard.

26:24 But Mr. Chapman could not get on.

26:27 Faithful to his love,

26:28 Elizabeth turned away from the boat saying "Goodbye".

26:31 If John can't get on,

26:33 then neither can I.

26:35 This is a striking demonstration of true love.

26:38 Shortly after, the ship sank.

26:41 The pocket watch of Chapman,

26:43 carefully examined by experts,

26:45 reveals a heartbreaking detail.

26:47 It stopped around the time of the wreck.

26:50 Do you remember the iconic scene from the Titanic movie

26:55 where the orchestra of the ship

26:57 continued to play while it sank?

27:00 The violin, played by the real musician,

27:02 was sold at auction for 1.7 million dollars in 2013.

27:07 It is said that the orchestra played "Nearer, My God, To Thee"

27:11 while the wreck sank.

27:13 Since we mentioned the band,

27:15 we could also shed light on a piece of music

27:17 found on the ship.

27:19 It was the song "Put Your Arms Around Me, Honey".

27:22 Since the paper deteriorates almost instantly

27:25 when in contact with water,

27:27 it is a miracle to see these documents.

27:29 The breakfast menu is also part of the preserved paper documents.

27:33 Dressed in their beautiful outfits,

27:35 first-class passengers enjoyed their breakfast

27:38 without knowing it was the last one.

27:40 This unique item was sold at auction for 122,000 dollars.

27:44 Meals were adapted to the class, for example.

27:47 We tasted roasted dinde,

27:49 spring lamb or oven-baked hot dog in first class.

27:53 In comparison, a third-class breakfast

27:56 was made of rice soup, fresh bread,

27:59 beef roast and brown sauce.

28:01 There were also biscuits from the cabin

28:03 that passengers ate to alleviate seasickness.

28:06 In addition to the menu, a VIP ticket was also recovered.

28:10 The ticket number remains readable.

28:13 342

28:15 In fifth place,

28:17 we have samples of Edwardian perfumes.

28:20 A chemist named Adolf Salfeld

28:22 embarked on the Titanic

28:24 with various samples of perfume bottles.

28:27 Why did he have them with him?

28:29 Well, Salfeld planned to open a perfumery in America.

28:33 61 perfume bottles flowed with the ship.

28:36 Fortunately, their owner survived.

28:39 But these samples flowed

28:41 and were only recently rediscovered by divers.

28:44 When a plate is dropped by accident,

28:46 it usually breaks into pieces.

28:48 But have you ever imagined

28:50 recovering an intact plate from the Titanic?

28:53 Well, it's possible.

28:54 The original dishes of the White Star are proof of this.

28:58 Apparently, each class of passengers

29:00 had not only different meals,

29:02 but also different plates.

29:05 The recovered plates have a floral, green and brown pattern,

29:09 a golden border and a logo in the center.

29:12 In fact, they are sold at auction and are available online.

29:17 Let's continue with moving personal stories.

29:21 The romance of Rose and Jack in the film is fictional,

29:24 but the ship has certainly witnessed many romantic stories.

29:28 Here is a love letter to prove it.

29:31 The messages tell us about life on board during the last days.

29:35 This letter, dated April 10, was written by Kate Buss.

29:40 She mentions, among other things, that she had seasickness

29:43 or that she had to have dinner in half an hour.

29:46 This letter was not the only one that divers have found.

29:50 For example, there is the letter that Esther Hart wrote to her granddaughter, Eva.

29:54 The letter was sold at auction for 119,000 euros.

29:58 This is probably the last letter written on board,

30:02 since it was written only 8 hours before the tragedy.

30:06 She is not too hurt because she was in the pocket of the coat of Esther's husband.

30:11 Another letter that can be mentioned is that of Dr. John Simpson.

30:16 It was one of his last words to his mother.

30:19 "Let me introduce you to Edith Rosenbaum."

30:22 She was on board with her happy pig.

30:25 Edith had been seriously injured in an accident before taking the boat.

30:29 Her mother had given her this toy to support her during her convalescence.

30:33 In reality, it was a music box in the shape of a pig.

30:37 Edith used it to appease the young frightened in her rescue boat.

30:42 The next object is Liliane Winifred Bentham's whistle,

30:48 a second-class passenger.

30:50 During this terrible night, Liliane was in her cabin.

30:54 She did not believe the Titanic's shipwreck.

30:56 After all, it was the unable to submerge ship.

30:59 Her friend finally persuaded her to get on a lifeboat.

31:03 It was at this moment that she understood the gravity of the situation.

31:07 Shortly after, she saw the ship break in two.

31:11 As the lifeboat drifted in the night,

31:14 she saw a crew member who had also been rescued.

31:18 Without hesitation, she wrapped him in her fur coat.

31:22 It was freezing cold.

31:24 She probably saved the life of this man with her gesture.

31:28 As a sign of gratitude, the man offers her his whistle,

31:31 which he had used all night to call for help.

31:34 This pair of white cotton gloves is one of the rarest artifacts

31:37 that has been recovered from the Titanic.

31:40 They belonged to a gentleman, whose identity remains unknown.

31:43 Generally, a fabric does not resist an immersion under water for decades.

31:47 But these gloves seem to be well preserved,

31:49 with fine details and an elegance that is always visible.

31:53 We also found an alarm bell.

31:56 Yes, it's the famous bell,

31:58 the one that was sounded to warn the people of the iceberg.

32:01 Frederic Fleet and Reginald Lee were on guard that night.

32:05 Both survived.

32:07 It was Fleet who saw the iceberg before the ship hit it.

32:11 What is ironic is that Fleet and Lee had no access to the binoculars.

32:16 They were stored in a closet in the bow of two feet.

32:20 However, the key to this closet was in the pocket of a crew member

32:24 who had been reassigned to another ship at the last minute.

32:28 If they had binoculars, they would have spotted the iceberg earlier

32:32 and the Titanic could have avoided the collision.

32:36 Divers not only find the personal effects of the passengers or the crew,

32:40 but also elements belonging to the ship itself.

32:43 The next artifact is the large staircase,

32:46 some of which have been recovered from the wreck.

32:49 It has become a meeting place for first-class passengers.

32:54 If they wanted to visit the Turkish baths for a spa day or dinner,

32:58 they would find themselves on the staircase and go there together.

33:02 This one is a luxury on board the Titanic.

33:07 Another miraculously preserved object of the Titanic is its plan.

33:12 One of the most expensive artifacts sold at auction,

33:15 and which is about 10 meters wide.

33:18 What else?

33:19 We also found the logometer,

33:21 a device used to check the ship's navigation speed and the distance traveled.

33:27 Experts say that from the departure at noon on April 14,

33:31 the device recorded 268 nautical miles.

33:34 And that's not all.

33:36 We also found a huge piece of hull,

33:39 known as "Big Piece",

33:42 and weighing 15 tons.

33:44 The largest hulls were for cabins,

33:47 and the smallest for toilets.

33:49 This piece was found in 1994,

33:53 but it was in 1998 that it was reassembled.

33:57 After all these years spent underwater,

33:59 it was infested with marine life.

34:01 But surprisingly, the hulls were still green.

34:04 Imagine that you are a diver,

34:06 and that you can only retrieve one of these objects.

34:09 Which one would you choose?

34:11 Stand up!

34:14 A new day begins in the Victorian era.

34:17 Here is Daphne, a typical 19th century Londoner.

34:21 She and her husband John are ordinary people of that time.

34:24 Despite the rumors of the 21st century,

34:27 they did not get married so young.

34:29 In fact, at the time, few people got married before the age of 22.

34:33 It would be much easier to get up

34:35 if it was not so cold in their house.

34:38 Daphne and John are not very rich.

34:40 They could not afford the Victorian-style central heating,

34:44 which consists of a coal chimney with iron grids.

34:48 However, even the more affluent classes who are equipped with it

34:51 do not particularly want to turn it on,

34:53 because this type of heating is quite expensive.

34:56 So the only thing that prevents Daphne and the other Londoners

35:00 from freezing in their house is an old carpet.

35:03 And yes, you really do not want to walk on this bare floor.

35:07 To top it all off, due to the total absence of ventilation in the rooms,

35:11 the air of all the Victorian houses is quite suffocating.

35:15 Doctors therefore recommend opening the windows during the night

35:18 to let out all the bad smells.

35:21 Daphne usually wakes up alone

35:23 because her husband works at the factory and must be punctual.

35:26 For this, he calls the help of the knocker-uppers.

35:29 These people walk around the streets early in the morning

35:31 and simply knock on the windows' tiles.

35:34 It is a rather economical alternative to watches and clocks.

35:38 To start your day on the right foot, with a toilet,

35:41 all Daphne needs is a bowl, a bucket,

35:45 a piece of fabric and soap.

35:48 The main ingredient is a hot water jug

35:51 to make this morning routine more pleasant.

35:54 In addition, the Victorian soap simply does not foam in cold water.

35:58 A little tip, it is simpler and less frustrating

36:01 to wash your body, part by part.

36:04 As for cosmetic care, it is obvious that there was no manicure salon.

36:09 But even if there was, it would not have been very popular

36:12 among the women of the working class.

36:14 Pink nails and soft skin were signs of odor

36:18 that were not at all to be enjoyed.

36:21 On the contrary, the noble ladies of the Victorian era

36:24 had certain rules for their nails.

36:26 No stains or scuffs, the nails had to be oval

36:29 and no color was allowed.

36:32 While the noble ladies used lemon to protect their hands from rust stains,

36:36 proletarian women like Daphne opted for soft skin to soften their skin.

36:42 Daphne and many other Victorian women work from home.

36:46 No, she does not have to answer a dozen calls on Zoom every day,

36:50 but she is rather good at sewing,

36:52 so she can work in a nightdress like many people do today.

36:56 Unlike his wife, John works 16 hours a day in a factory,

37:00 and this is quite normal for the Victorian era.

37:03 But if he were a lawyer, for example, he would work less,

37:06 from 8 to 19 hours.

37:08 As for the bourgeois, they generally devoted themselves to their business

37:12 from 10 to 16 hours.

37:14 Without a mobile phone, John cannot really order an Uber

37:18 and must walk the 6 km stretch of road to and from work every day.

37:23 Instead of taxis, there were horse-drawn carriages.

37:27 But these routes could sometimes hurt people

37:29 due to the lack of suspension,

37:31 especially since the seats were narrow and uncomfortable.

37:34 There were also horse-drawn busses,

37:37 but passengers often complained that as soon as the horse stopped,

37:41 for yes or no, it could be easily thrown on the ground.

37:45 Do you skip breakfast or do you grab something in a hurry

37:49 before leaving, like John does?

37:51 If so, you have this in common with the workers of the Victorian era.

37:56 Their breakfast was often dependent on the accessibility of their workplace.

38:00 If it was easily accessible on foot,

38:03 they could share a quick breakfast with their family.

38:06 Otherwise, breakfast was quite quick and rather frugal.

38:11 We are going to give you a little quiz on the typical Victorian breakfast of the working class.

38:17 A. A toast with avocado and a smoothie.

38:20 B. A croissant and a cappuccino.

38:23 C. A piece of bread and a foamy drink made from barley.

38:27 Well, it's bread or sometimes porridge,

38:30 depending on the region of England where you worked.

38:33 And this barley-based drink is better known as beer,

38:37 which was then thought to be full of essential vitamins for another hard day.

38:42 In addition, all this did not require any cooking.

38:46 A kind of Victorian fast food.

38:48 However, many people preferred tea,

38:51 and coffee and cocoa also began to gain popularity at the time.

38:56 On the way to work, John gets run over by a whip.

39:00 Oh, I just have to go and change, then.

39:02 There is nothing better than wearing a fresh shirt with a sip of this flowery perfume softener, he thinks.

39:08 No, I'm kidding. There was no perfumed softener at the time.

39:12 His wife Daphne never heard of washing machines,

39:16 no more than softener, and people loved to do the laundry at the time.

39:20 The main reason for this lack of enthusiasm was that this process could take up to three days.

39:26 Anyone who had the means certainly paid someone else to do it.

39:30 Problem number one, no hot water in the house.

39:34 Problem number two, when people heated water for their laundry,

39:38 it was only when the whole kitchen appeared, no more free space in the kitchen.

39:43 The laundry always began with an inspection of the clothes to see if they were not clogged,

39:48 in order to accommodate them before this vigorous washing process.

39:52 Then the clothes had to be soaked.

39:55 Saturday was generally the day of soaking.

39:58 This process could take hours, because some substances, like mud,

40:02 easily dissolved in water, John was lucky, but others needed more time.

40:08 The only solvent available was household soap.

40:12 On Monday morning, the clothes were well soaked and ready to be washed.

40:16 Some people used soap on places where grease tended to accumulate, like the collar,

40:22 but the soap remained quite expensive.

40:25 Then came the washing, drying and stretching of all this laundry to dry it.

40:31 Earlier, the clothes could be reused on Tuesday.

40:35 This procedure applies to cotton, things being a little more difficult with wool,

40:40 and imagine the washing of delicate clothes at the time, like corsets for example.

40:46 Tight corsets, moreover, were not so popular in the Victorian era.

40:51 Of course, some people were convinced that a size of a gait could only be achieved

40:56 by wearing very tight corsets, but women did not wear them for fashion.

41:01 Doctors at the time thought that corsets could help to keep a healthy posture

41:06 and that they helped to keep the internal organs well aligned.

41:10 Daphne is not a big fan of corsets herself, but she could be a seamstress.

41:14 In the Victorian era, the color of the clothes sometimes depended on the laundry.

41:19 It was thought that white clothes could be washed and cleaned much more easily than those in bright colors,

41:25 so the youngest often wore white to easily remove stains if necessary.

41:30 The older they grew, the more colors became present.

41:33 Fun fact, pink, as the paler version of red, which was considered a strong and masculine hue,

41:40 was intended for boys. Girls preferred blue hues.

41:45 In the 1940s, the trend reversed and pink began to be associated with girls.

41:51 Daphne also often made her pink and blue clothes and earned about 10 shillings a week,

41:56 like many other seamstresses.

41:58 With this money, Daphne can easily afford a weekly rent of 6 shillings.

42:03 The rest, she can devote to buying food or other essential commodities.

42:08 With 1 shilling, she can buy enough tea for a week.

42:12 5 loaves of bread cost about 12 pence, which is equivalent to 1 shilling.

42:16 Good news for vegetarians, 12 pence allows you to buy about 8 kilos of vegetables.

42:22 A bag of coal costs about 1 shilling.

42:25 You now understand why Daphne and John do not have a fireplace.

42:28 Nobody literally wants to burn their money.

42:32 In addition, for 1 shilling, John can afford a new outfit,

42:36 in case his old clothes would not have resisted this vigorous washing after the fire was put out.

42:41 To come back to the facilities, what about the toilets?

42:45 The first public toilets in England were opened in 1851,

42:50 and they were even presented at the Universal Exhibition that year.

42:54 Victorian toilets usually had S-shaped pipes.

42:58 Their purpose was to keep odors at a distance,

43:01 because they thought that bad odors were dangerous to health,

43:05 not to mention the disgust they caused.

43:07 But again, this was a luxury.

43:10 Ordinary apartments and rural houses had much less comfortable facilities.

43:16 Sorry, Daphne prefers not to dwell on the subject.

43:20 In the evening, of course, there is no television, or even electric light.

43:24 As soon as the sky becomes dark, there is no point in staying awake.

43:29 In fact, it even costs a nice sum.

43:32 Candles and oil for lamps are not really cheap.

43:36 Daphne finished another dress in the afternoon.

43:39 So there's no need to burn a candle.

43:41 Good night!

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