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FunTranscript
00:00:00 Can you hear a sound and perceive almost instantly a specific color?
00:00:06 You could be part of a particular group of people, about 4% of the world population, capable of experiencing synesthesia.
00:00:15 It's not you who imagine things.
00:00:17 A new study is trying to show that synesthesia is real, and brain scanners attest to it.
00:00:23 When these people hear colors, the scans reveal that the parts of their brain linked to sight and sound communicate with each other.
00:00:32 Since synesthesia seems to be of a genetic nature, some researchers have chosen three families where this characteristic was present.
00:00:41 They then played with DNA sequencing and compared the genes of synesthesia members of the same family to those that were deprived of it.
00:00:49 They still haven't completely identified this unique characteristic, but they have managed to restrict it to as few as 37 possible genes.
00:00:58 Sometimes, after a nap in an uncomfortable position, you may have felt tingling or a tingling in your arm or leg.
00:01:06 You might think that this has everything to do with poor blood circulation.
00:01:10 But in fact, this could be due to a little thing called paresthesia.
00:01:15 It's when your body begins to feel unusual sensations because your nerves are compressed or irritated.
00:01:22 Paresthesia can give you anything.
00:01:24 From a burning sensation to this annoying sensation that your arm or leg no longer responds to at all.
00:01:30 It could even add to it dizziness or these good old characteristic tingling.
00:01:35 Normally, it shouldn't take you more than 30 minutes.
00:01:39 Shake the affected body part vigorously, and it could speed up the process.
00:01:44 If it lasts longer, or if you have repeated episodes of paresthesia for no apparent reason, it is preferable to consult a specialist to make sure that everything is fine.
00:01:54 Do you know what is also worth checking?
00:01:57 If you have already given a blue thumb to this video, and if you are subscribed to the channel.
00:02:02 You know, just to be sure you don't miss anything.
00:02:06 In normal time, you never think about your stomach or all the chemistry it contains.
00:02:12 Can you imagine if one day this substance simply disappeared?
00:02:16 It contains chloride acid, which is also used in fertilizers, rubber and steel.
00:02:23 If you ever inhale it, you will have serious breathing problems and in your nose.
00:02:28 Every time you chew something, your stomach begins to produce these gastric juices.
00:02:34 They are useful because they can break down proteins, activate pepsin, eliminate all the bacteria that you have been able to swallow without even knowing it.
00:02:42 And tell your food to go... well, out.
00:02:48 Without this acid, the food would stay right there, turning into a reproduction ground for bacteria.
00:02:55 Proteins and nutrients would not be absorbed.
00:02:58 Your lunch could quickly go through your digestive system and you would end up expelling undigested food.
00:03:07 There is a reason why paper cuts hurt so much.
00:03:12 To begin with, they occur on the tip of your fingers, which are very sensitive areas.
00:03:17 It is because they are full of receptors, which are like the receptionists of your body,
00:03:22 helping you determine the size, shape, texture and temperature of the things you touch.
00:03:29 When you cut yourself with paper, these receptors are instantly solicited, sending unpleasant information to the brain.
00:03:37 Paper cuts do not look like a sharp cut made with a sharp knife either, due to the froth on the edges of the sheet.
00:03:45 This exposes your receptors even more.
00:03:48 Paper cuts do not bleed much and do not coagulate well either, which leaves the nerves alive and aggravates the discomfort even more.
00:03:57 We always use our hands, so these cuts continue to reopen, taking an infinite time to heal.
00:04:04 Paper is often treated with chemicals that can irritate your skin from excess.
00:04:10 Deja vu seems to strike from nowhere. You are not a wizard and you do not communicate with the spirits of the beyond either.
00:04:18 It's just your brain that works badly.
00:04:22 According to doctors, deja vu occurs when two parts of the brain have a little trouble understanding each other.
00:04:28 These two parts are located on each side of your skull, just above your temples.
00:04:33 They are a bit like the memory cards of your brain and help you remember certain things like places or the face of other people.
00:04:42 They even disconnect emotions and are in charge of language.
00:04:46 Now, in each of these areas of the brain, which are called temporal lobes, there is a region called the hippocampus.
00:04:53 This is responsible for short-term memory.
00:04:56 Sometimes the brain can encounter small malfunctions, confusing the hippocampus.
00:05:02 This is when we feel deja vu.
00:05:05 This whole process disrupts your memory of recognition, giving you this strange feeling that you have already been there before.
00:05:13 Or that you have already met a person you see for the very first time.
00:05:17 It's a completely normal process and you are more likely to experience deja vu if you are between 15 and 25 years old.
00:05:25 It also seems that people who travel a lot or have the ability to remember their dreams, experience it more often.
00:05:34 It is difficult to imagine that an entire civilization can survive without anyone being able to see.
00:05:41 It seems highly improbable and here is why.
00:05:45 First, imagine trying to grow crops without even being able to see what you are doing.
00:05:51 The preparation of the soil would become a nightmare because, without sight, we would get lost in the first field of wheat without any reference point.
00:06:00 Harvesting a little of this food would not be an easy thing either.
00:06:04 Animals could hide everywhere, ready to harm us.
00:06:08 Communication would be as complicated because we would not be able to read something without touching it.
00:06:15 Even our social lives would be different.
00:06:18 Without eyes, we should trust our voices.
00:06:21 Trusting someone without knowing who else is listening, thank you.
00:06:26 If you have ever eaten a very spicy pepper, you know that it is not technically hot.
00:06:31 In terms of temperature, then why do we feel like it is burning us, even if it has just come out of the refrigerator?
00:06:39 Well, spicy foods contain chemical compounds that deceive our body to alter its internal thermostat.
00:06:47 First, our lips and tongue feel like they are on fire.
00:06:51 Then, our nose starts to run and we can even shed a tear or two.
00:06:57 The blood vessels expand and suddenly our body temperature increases.
00:07:02 To cool things down, we start to sweat.
00:07:06 Our lungs can also participate and signal to our diaphragm to produce hocks, in order to chase this irritating intruder.
00:07:14 In most cases, all these bodily triggers are caused by a substance called capsaicin,
00:07:21 often found in strong peppers like habanero and cayenne pepper.
00:07:26 Even if we sometimes feel like moving while we are dreaming, this is not the case thanks to a complex system in our body.
00:07:34 This one prevents our muscles from doing all kinds of extravagant things,
00:07:38 linked to crazy stories that our brain could invent during the night.
00:07:42 It turns out that most of this brain chemistry occurs during the paradoxal sleep phase, or REM,
00:07:48 about 90 minutes after you fall asleep.
00:07:52 During this phase, your brain knows the strangest dreams,
00:07:57 while your voluntary muscles, like your arms and legs, are deactivated.
00:08:02 This muscle block is the reason why some people wake up and cannot move,
00:08:07 experiencing what is called sleep paralysis.
00:08:11 The big mystery was to know how the muscles could enter this state of paralysis.
00:08:16 At first, researchers thought that glycine, a neurotransmitter, was responsible for it.
00:08:22 Research has shown that even if we block the production of glycine, the muscles remain frozen.
00:08:29 It took a little more time for scientists to discover that in order to maintain these immobile muscles,
00:08:35 we needed both glycine and another chemical substance for communication, called GABA.
00:08:42 We are not as hairy as our ancestors, but we still have the skin of a hen when we are cold.
00:08:48 It is because of these little muscles in our hair follicles, called hair erector muscles,
00:08:53 that pull these muscles up.
00:08:56 For furry animals, this feature helps them stay warm,
00:09:00 but for us, it does not do much in terms of heat.
00:09:04 However, we and a few other less hairy creatures have maintained this ability over the years.
00:09:10 Experiments have been carried out to find out more about this hen's skin.
00:09:15 We found three key factors, these hair erector muscles, sympathetic nerves and hair follicles.
00:09:21 When we tried to influence the nerves, the growth of the hair slowed down.
00:09:26 These nerves and our hair follicles work together, creating chemical synapses.
00:09:32 Hen's skin is not only a quick solution to overcome a low temperature.
00:09:37 It could also lead to our stem cells growing more hair in the long run.
00:09:43 This is why the loss of these muscle cells could be linked to baldness.
00:09:49 When sharks need their morning coffee, they also go to a cafe.
00:09:54 In 2002, researchers discovered an area in the Pacific Ocean called the White Shark Cafe,
00:10:00 where the great white sharks go during the winter.
00:10:03 They spend their free time there, tell jokes and laugh about the number of humans they have frightened,
00:10:08 then return to the coast to be a little more frightened when the weather warms up.
00:10:13 There are watermelons the size of a grain of grapes.
00:10:16 Melon kookas look like tiny watermelons, but have a citrus taste.
00:10:21 An Australian barista set a world record for the largest number of cappuccinos,
00:10:27 in one hour, 420.
00:10:30 A good place to go when you're late for work, but desperately need a coffee.
00:10:36 Researchers found many traces of prehistoric animals,
00:10:39 or of our human ancestors who lived thousands of years ago,
00:10:42 such as bones, teeth, stone tools, and a piece of chewing gum dating from almost 10,000 years ago.
00:10:50 A million seconds is about 12 days, and a billion seconds is almost 32 years old.
00:10:56 Nothing exceptional here, just a little math that reminds how elastic time is.
00:11:02 All the signposts are important, of course, but there is one that outweighs them all.
00:11:08 The sign warning of a stone fall.
00:11:11 If you see it, make sure to drive slowly and look carefully around you.
00:11:16 This sign means that there are possible events in the area,
00:11:20 and your life literally depends on the fact that you are careful.
00:11:23 There is even a village in Switzerland surrounded by hills
00:11:26 that has a signalling fire placed on the movements of the rocks,
00:11:30 indicating whether it is safe to pass or not.
00:11:33 When you think of the world's largest desert,
00:11:36 you probably think of the endless sandy surface of the Sahara,
00:11:40 cooking under a scorching sun.
00:11:42 Well, not quite.
00:11:44 The world's largest desert is the Antarctic Polar Desert,
00:11:47 which covers more than 14 million square kilometres in Antarctica.
00:11:51 It seems strange at first, but the definition of a desert is a place
00:11:55 that receives less than 250 mm of rainfall per year.
00:11:59 Nothing says, however, that it must be hot.
00:12:02 The first commercial passenger flight took place in the early 20th century.
00:12:07 It was a 23-minute flight, which cost 400 dollars per person,
00:12:12 or about 8,500 dollars today.
00:12:15 And the plane flew between two cities in Florida.
00:12:18 In Tibet, there are black diamond apples,
00:12:21 which are neither green nor red, but dark purple.
00:12:24 The place where they grow receives a lot of ultraviolet light during the day,
00:12:29 while the temperatures drop drastically during the night,
00:12:32 which makes the skin of the apple a darker colour.
00:12:36 You can feel the taste of garlic with your feet.
00:12:39 Rub a cloth directly on your feet, take off your socks beforehand and wait.
00:12:43 The chemical compound responsible for its unique smell can be absorbed by the skin,
00:12:48 even if the taste has never been in your mouth.
00:12:51 The moon is home to volcanoes, and scientists think they were active
00:12:55 about 100 million years ago, when dinosaurs still reigned over our planet.
00:13:00 The view must have been magnificent.
00:13:03 Caffarae are very resistant.
00:13:05 They can survive in difficult conditions and were already there
00:13:08 when dinosaurs reigned over our planet.
00:13:11 But the queen of termites fights them all with her 50-year lifespan.
00:13:15 It's the longest life expectancy among insects.
00:13:18 Ordinary termites live only one to two years.
00:13:22 It is estimated that a total of 108 billion people have lived on Earth
00:13:26 throughout its history.
00:13:28 The entire current population of the Earth could fit inside Los Angeles.
00:13:34 With a world population of 7.5 billion inhabitants,
00:13:38 it seems incredible, but if we all held on tight to each other,
00:13:43 we could hold on to 1300 square kilometers.
00:13:47 The tuatara is a reptile that has a third eye on top of its head.
00:13:52 This eye is endowed with a retina, nerve connections and a lens.
00:13:57 But it is useless because during its growth, it is quickly covered with scales.
00:14:02 Scientists are still trying to find the mysterious function of this organ.
00:14:07 Dromedaries have three eyeballs and two rows of eyelashes
00:14:10 to protect themselves from the swirling sand of the desert.
00:14:14 The pandas of your local zoo may look like they're at home,
00:14:17 but unless you're in China, they're just a Erasmus exchange.
00:14:21 Technically, all pandas are loaned by China and remain the property of this country.
00:14:27 A complete space combination of NASA cost between 15 and 22 million dollars in 1974.
00:14:33 But NASA hasn't built any new combinations since then,
00:14:37 so they only have four functional combinations left.
00:14:41 If they had to create another combination, in currency today,
00:14:44 it would cost 150 million dollars.
00:14:48 A tiny percentage of the static electricity you see on old television screens
00:14:53 is made up of the residual radiation left by the Big Bang.
00:14:57 If you go to London to see the famous London Bridge,
00:15:01 think about it, because the original bridge is now in Arizona.
00:15:05 In the 1960s, the original London Bridge fell into ruin,
00:15:10 and the city decided to sell it to an American oil maniac, Robert P. McCullough.
00:15:15 It was shipped to the United States and is now located in Lake Havasu City.
00:15:20 Still in England, the crown's jewels contain two of the largest diamonds ever cut.
00:15:26 The Kulinan diamond is the largest diamond ever found and is part of the cross scepter.
00:15:32 The second precious stone is the well-known Kulinan II,
00:15:36 mounted on the impressive imperial crown.
00:15:40 But the real giants among the diamonds could be raining on Jupiter and Saturn
00:15:45 while you're watching this video.
00:15:47 Indeed, thunderstorms transform the metal into carbon,
00:15:51 which gradually hardens in the wind and turns into diamond.
00:15:55 The next time you have trouble concentrating while you're working,
00:15:59 try chewing a chewing gum.
00:16:01 A study revealed that participants chewing chewing gum
00:16:05 during a memory test could stay focused longer than those who didn't.
00:16:10 Common sense would say that trees existed long before most animals,
00:16:15 because they produce the oxygen we breathe.
00:16:17 But if you said that to a shark, it would laugh at you,
00:16:20 because marine creatures actually existed long before trees.
00:16:24 Sharks go back to about 400 million years ago,
00:16:27 trees coming about 50 million years later.
00:16:30 The 100 MS comic character police have been dividing people all over the world for decades
00:16:36 and have acquired the reputation of being as informal as unprofessional.
00:16:41 It's perfectly logical when you know its origin,
00:16:44 since designer Vincent Conner was inspired by his favorite comics,
00:16:49 like Watchmen, for example.
00:16:51 If you're looking for a bodyguard in the animal kingdom,
00:16:54 we have what you need.
00:16:56 The gorilla, with a silver back, can lift up to 10 times its own body,
00:17:00 which represents a total of about 800 kg.
00:17:03 It makes it one of the strongest living mammals on the planet.
00:17:07 Humans are the only animals to have a chin.
00:17:10 Although other animals, like the chimpanzee,
00:17:13 share similarities with humans,
00:17:16 like walking on two legs or having a jaw,
00:17:19 none really have that little bone in the middle of their lower jaw.
00:17:23 Originally, movie trailers were broadcast after the movie,
00:17:28 which is why they're called "trailers",
00:17:30 which also means "remarks" in English.
00:17:33 The current American flag was designed by a high school student.
00:17:37 Bob Heft designed the flag for his history class in 1958
00:17:42 and only received a B for his work.
00:17:44 Later, his drawing was chosen among more than 1,500 others
00:17:48 to become the new 50-star flag.
00:17:51 No surprise there, his grade was changed to an A after that.
00:17:55 Unlike humans, cats don't have the same amount of fingers on their front and back paws.
00:18:00 They usually have 5 fingers on their front paws,
00:18:02 but only 4 on their back paws.
00:18:04 So if you have a feline companion, go check it out.
00:18:08 Have you ever wondered what this little pocket was for in your jean?
00:18:12 It was originally meant to store pocket watches.
00:18:15 It dates back to 1879, the year the first Levi's jeans were invented.
00:18:20 Your brain uses different hemispheres to store different memories.
00:18:25 The things you hear or read are stored in the left hemisphere,
00:18:29 while the images or events you've seen are stored in the right hemisphere.
00:18:34 Hidden under the ice and frozen lands of Antarctica and Siberia
00:18:38 are giant viruses.
00:18:40 They are ten times bigger than those we know
00:18:43 and can live for tens of thousands of years.
00:18:46 There is a real Jurassic Park in Morocco.
00:18:49 The Kem Kem Plateau is an extremely rich area of fossil dinosaurs,
00:18:54 with dozens of species discovered over the last decades.
00:18:58 About 34 million years ago,
00:19:00 ancient primates crossed the Atlantic from Africa to South America,
00:19:04 and no one knows how.
00:19:07 Sorry to take it from you, but money isn't really made of paper.
00:19:11 It also proves that it doesn't grow on trees.
00:19:14 American banknotes, for example,
00:19:16 are made of 25% linen and 75% cotton.
00:19:20 That's why they have such a distinct texture and look.
00:19:23 In the 19th century, money was made of paper,
00:19:26 so people could easily counterfeit it, unlike today.
00:19:30 The Eiffel Tower is almost 15 cm higher during the summer.
00:19:34 When you heat a substance,
00:19:36 its particles start to move more actively and occupy a larger volume.
00:19:40 This is called thermal dilation.
00:19:42 When the temperature drops, the substance contracts again.
00:19:46 This effect is more significant in gases,
00:19:49 but can also be seen in liquids and solids, including iron.
00:19:53 That's why, when building large structures, like bridges,
00:19:57 dilation joints are used.
00:19:59 They allow the structure to have a certain margin of maneuver
00:20:02 to dilate and contract, and these changes do not cause any damage.
00:20:06 Honey can last thousands of years without deteriorating.
00:20:10 Bees land on flowers to collect the sweet nectar.
00:20:13 Then they transport it to their hive and transfer it to other bees.
00:20:18 They reduce the nectar's water content by swallowing
00:20:21 and squeezing the liquid several times.
00:20:24 Yum! Bee vomit!
00:20:26 Special enzymes in their stomachs
00:20:28 break down the glucose contained in the nectar,
00:20:30 which becomes more acidic.
00:20:32 Bees drop this nectar into the alveoli
00:20:34 and start to lift it with their wings
00:20:36 so that the water evaporates more quickly.
00:20:39 Honey is now very acidic and water-poor,
00:20:42 which preserves it from deterioration.
00:20:44 Bacteria that cause food deterioration
00:20:47 cannot survive in such conditions.
00:20:49 In the past, people did not lift their mattresses from the ground.
00:20:52 This practice began in ancient Egypt
00:20:54 and continued in many other cultures.
00:20:57 People realized that it was colder on the ground
00:21:00 and that they could warm their beds more easily
00:21:02 if they were not directly in contact with it.
00:21:04 In the past, houses also had more air flow.
00:21:07 The cold air entered through the bottom of the doors.
00:21:09 There was no central heating,
00:21:11 so people had to find other ways to warm up.
00:21:14 However, the hot air tended to rise,
00:21:16 so by placing their beds higher,
00:21:18 they were not as cold as on the ground.
00:21:20 In addition, in this way,
00:21:21 they could keep their beds clean more easily.
00:21:23 Indeed, in modest homes,
00:21:25 the floors were much dirtier than today,
00:21:27 and all this dirt generally migrated into the beds.
00:21:30 Speaking of cleanliness,
00:21:32 do you think people are naturally clean and tidy?
00:21:35 After all, our ancestors,
00:21:36 who lived thousands of years ago,
00:21:38 already used latrines and combed their hair with combs.
00:21:41 And they kept their interiors and bodies clean.
00:21:45 Our natural need for hygiene and cleanliness
00:21:47 is motivated by our sense of disgust.
00:21:50 It is this mechanism that helps our body to remain safe
00:21:53 and protects it from various infections.
00:21:55 This is why we are more sensitive to certain smells and certain things.
00:21:59 But we still have some rather unhealthy habits.
00:22:01 For example, eating an anka over a keyboard.
00:22:04 Yuck!
00:22:06 But some animals are even more well-groomed than us.
00:22:09 The rattle snakes, for example,
00:22:11 like to keep their environment well-organized.
00:22:13 Some of them even use their muscular necks
00:22:15 and triangular heads to sweep the dirty grass when they hunt.
00:22:19 Many animals like to clear their path
00:22:21 when they go in search of their future meal.
00:22:23 And reptiles are one of them.
00:22:25 Less vegetation increases their chances of catching food.
00:22:28 Birds also like to clean up
00:22:30 and get rid of uneaten food,
00:22:32 eggshells and any other waste in their nests.
00:22:35 This way, they make them less visible to their predators.
00:22:39 Meanwhile, in space,
00:22:41 the shadows are darker on the Moon than on our planet.
00:22:44 This is because the Earth's atmosphere
00:22:46 disperses more sunlight.
00:22:48 But if you could visit the Moon,
00:22:50 you would see shadows so dark
00:22:52 that you could not see where you were going.
00:22:54 You would also notice footprints
00:22:56 on the lunar surface.
00:22:58 Humans have not set foot on it for a few decades,
00:23:01 but the footprints seem to have been left only yesterday.
00:23:04 Since there is no water or wind on the Moon,
00:23:06 nothing can erase these footprints.
00:23:08 They can therefore remain there,
00:23:10 in their original form,
00:23:12 for millions of years.
00:23:14 The core of the Earth contains enough gold
00:23:16 to cover the entire planet.
00:23:18 And if you decide to do it,
00:23:20 the level of this precious metal
00:23:22 would reach the height of your knees.
00:23:24 But people exploit gold and platinum,
00:23:26 as well as a lot of other precious minerals
00:23:28 under the surface of our planet.
00:23:30 This is why we may have exhausted
00:23:32 some minerals in some regions.
00:23:34 But the Earth still has a huge number
00:23:36 of these deposits,
00:23:38 especially as it approaches its core.
00:23:40 It is because of the countless meteorites
00:23:42 that collided with our planet
00:23:44 during its formation period.
00:23:46 These meteorites contained different minerals,
00:23:48 including gold.
00:23:50 At the time, the Earth was still in a state of fusion.
00:23:52 This is why most of the gold,
00:23:54 a heavy element,
00:23:56 sank deeply into its core.
00:23:58 And the silicate mantle,
00:24:00 which is located above the core,
00:24:02 trapped colossal amounts of gold
00:24:04 and other minerals.
00:24:06 Unfortunately, most of them are clearly
00:24:08 out of reach today,
00:24:10 since we are talking about 2,900 km
00:24:12 under the surface and temperatures
00:24:14 of several thousand degrees.
00:24:16 If you were about to go into space,
00:24:18 one of the first things you would think
00:24:20 is that you would be trapped in a vacuum.
00:24:22 But do you know that it is possible
00:24:24 to survive in space even if you
00:24:26 do not wear any protection?
00:24:28 Well, don't worry,
00:24:30 you won't last more than 15 seconds.
00:24:32 It is the time you would need
00:24:34 to lose consciousness,
00:24:36 because oxygen would no longer
00:24:38 reach your brain.
00:24:40 In 1965, a technician accidentally
00:24:42 depressurized his suit
00:24:44 inside an empty room.
00:24:46 He lost consciousness
00:24:48 and was later told
00:24:50 that he remembered that the humidity
00:24:52 on his tongue was starting to boil.
00:24:54 He also lost his sense of taste,
00:24:56 and he only came back to himself
00:24:58 four days after the accident.
00:25:00 You can't hold your breath in space either,
00:25:02 so it won't save you.
00:25:04 Your lungs would eventually break
00:25:06 at some point, because the air
00:25:08 inside would expand.
00:25:10 Oxygen in other parts of your body
00:25:12 would also begin to expand,
00:25:14 which means you would inflate
00:25:16 like the Marge tent in Harry Potter.
00:25:18 It is only thanks to your elastic skin
00:25:20 that you won't explode.
00:25:22 It will continue to hold you in one piece,
00:25:24 and the liquids in your body
00:25:26 will also begin to evaporate
00:25:28 quite quickly.
00:25:30 The ocean owes its emblematic
00:25:32 blue color to the sunlight.
00:25:34 When the sun shines,
00:25:36 the water absorbs the longer
00:25:38 waves of the orange light and the red light,
00:25:40 and reflects the shorter light waves
00:25:42 of the blue light.
00:25:44 The blue light is reflected when there is a huge amount of water.
00:25:46 So, the more water you have in one place,
00:25:48 the more it turns blue.
00:25:50 That's why the water you pour into your glass
00:25:52 doesn't have this beautiful ocean blue color.
00:25:54 The ocean has many important functions.
00:25:58 First of all, it produces
00:26:00 50 to 80% of all the oxygen
00:26:02 on our planet,
00:26:04 which means it keeps us alive.
00:26:06 But it also helps the Internet to work.
00:26:08 So, when you are folded in half
00:26:10 while watching a hilarious dog video,
00:26:12 you can thank the oceans.
00:26:14 Most of the cables that feed the Internet
00:26:16 and allow people all over the world
00:26:18 to use it
00:26:20 go under water.
00:26:22 These are underwater communication cables,
00:26:24 kilometers of cables
00:26:26 that run through the ocean floor.
00:26:28 There are special boats
00:26:30 to put all this in place.
00:26:32 They are specially designed for this purpose.
00:26:34 To make sure that nothing damages the cables
00:26:36 and your Internet,
00:26:38 you have to put them on relatively flat
00:26:40 extensions at the bottom of the ocean.
00:26:42 The cables must also be away
00:26:44 from old wreckage
00:26:46 or large oceanic ecosystems.
00:26:48 Some of these cables have a special coating
00:26:50 that protects them from damage.
00:26:52 So no hungry shark
00:26:54 or any curious fish
00:26:56 has the possibility of scratching the wiring.
00:26:58 Trees speak.
00:27:00 Well, not exactly like people,
00:27:02 but they have their own mode of communication.
00:27:04 Their roots are connected
00:27:06 by an underground mushroom network.
00:27:08 Thanks to this network,
00:27:10 trees can share their resources with each other.
00:27:12 That's how they speak.
00:27:14 They use these mushrooms
00:27:16 to transmit nutrients and water
00:27:18 from one tree to another.
00:27:20 For example, if a tree is stronger and older
00:27:22 than other trees in the forest,
00:27:24 it will share some of its nutrients
00:27:26 and sugars with the small trees
00:27:28 that grow nearby.
00:27:30 Thanks, Dad!
00:27:32 Look at all these insects
00:27:34 flying in the sun on a beautiful sunny day.
00:27:36 Do they catch sunburns?
00:27:38 No, because most of the time
00:27:40 they spend outdoors
00:27:42 are not exposed to the sun.
00:27:44 They have dark exoskeletons
00:27:46 containing melanin.
00:27:48 This is how they block UV rays.
00:27:50 But insects that live underground
00:27:52 and in water, as well as nocturnal creatures,
00:27:54 have a smoother and thinner skin.
00:27:56 If they spend too much time outdoors
00:27:58 during the day,
00:28:00 they can catch a sunburn.
00:28:02 Or, even worse,
00:28:04 if your phone is only 15% charged,
00:28:06 it means that the battery is a bit old
00:28:08 or even damaged.
00:28:10 Sometimes, it can stay at 20%,
00:28:12 but the phone suddenly turns off
00:28:14 in the middle of an important call.
00:28:16 All these clues show that the battery
00:28:18 is not in good condition and you should change it.
00:28:20 If your phone stays at 1% for a long time,
00:28:22 it means that the battery
00:28:24 has more remaining capacity
00:28:26 than it was estimated.
00:28:28 By the way, no modern battery
00:28:30 can be fully charged or empty.
00:28:32 You can easily improve the battery's longevity.
00:28:34 First of all, you have to limit the use of widgets.
00:28:36 Try not to add too many widgets
00:28:38 and limit the use of those
00:28:40 that require a lot of data
00:28:42 to keep the information up to date.
00:28:44 By the way, if nothing explains
00:28:46 the fact that your phone empties so quickly,
00:28:48 think about cybersecurity.
00:28:50 It can perfectly be a clue that someone is watching you,
00:28:52 you and your data.
00:28:54 How do I know all this?
00:28:56 Well, let's say I had another life before this one, you see.
00:28:58 Hey, stop laughing!
00:29:00 There are many reasons,
00:29:02 including excessive use,
00:29:04 background apps,
00:29:06 faulty software,
00:29:08 malicious software,
00:29:10 or excessive heat or sun exposure.
00:29:12 Sometimes this heat is normal,
00:29:14 but if your phone overheats regularly,
00:29:16 it can be due to serious problems.
00:29:18 If your phone empties at 0%
00:29:20 every time you leave your house in winter,
00:29:22 you have to check the battery's health
00:29:24 in the settings.
00:29:26 Phone batteries, like all rechargeable batteries,
00:29:28 can change their efficiency over time.
00:29:30 If the battery's condition is below 85%,
00:29:32 you have to consider changing it.
00:29:34 Otherwise, the phone will empty
00:29:36 every time it's cold outside.
00:29:38 Don't forget to recharge your old phone
00:29:40 after buying a new one
00:29:42 if you want to keep your old companion, just in case.
00:29:44 A lack of charge can have an impact
00:29:46 on the battery's life.
00:29:48 The same goes for gaming consoles,
00:29:50 portable computers, tablets,
00:29:52 and any other gadget you charge.
00:29:54 If you charge your phone and use it at the same time,
00:29:56 you can disturb the battery.
00:29:58 The phone will charge a bit,
00:30:00 then the app or whatever you do
00:30:02 will devour the energy,
00:30:04 and the charger will recharge the battery again.
00:30:06 These short cycles wear down the battery
00:30:08 and reduce its life span.
00:30:10 You can also optimize your battery
00:30:12 by turning off all the apps you only open from time to time
00:30:14 and forget to close.
00:30:16 Some apps are particularly greedy
00:30:18 when it comes to the longevity of your phone.
00:30:20 Most of them are, as we'll call them,
00:30:22 the famous social networks.
00:30:24 It could be that it works perfectly,
00:30:26 but only with Android.
00:30:28 If you have an iPhone,
00:30:30 the number of apps running in the background
00:30:32 makes no difference,
00:30:34 unless they are social network apps.
00:30:36 We could call them battery eaters.
00:30:38 In addition, no app can help you
00:30:40 slow down the discharge of your battery,
00:30:42 so the ones that check the storage usage
00:30:44 and help to clean the phone's memory
00:30:46 are never useful.
00:30:48 You can now do all those things I mentioned.
00:30:50 iPhone users know that their phones
00:30:52 are quickly running out of memory,
00:30:54 and even if you delete some files,
00:30:56 it's useless.
00:30:58 Go to Settings, iPhone Storage,
00:31:00 and check that the recently deleted photos
00:31:02 are really deleted.
00:31:04 If not, delete them in the Storage section.
00:31:06 Be careful, your messages can contain heavy files,
00:31:08 so you can limit the duration of the message
00:31:10 if you have an iPhone.
00:31:12 In the history of messages,
00:31:14 press the Save Message button.
00:31:16 By default, this option is set to "Forever",
00:31:18 but you can choose to save them for a year
00:31:20 or even just 30 days.
00:31:22 Don't forget to refresh your phone's memory
00:31:24 so that it works better and faster.
00:31:26 For iPhones, go to Settings, General,
00:31:28 Accessibility, Assistive Touch,
00:31:30 and activate it.
00:31:32 Press "+", "+-",
00:31:34 and finally the power button.
00:31:36 You'll see the power bar.
00:31:38 Click on the Assistive Touch button
00:31:40 and hold the Home button down.
00:31:42 There you go!
00:31:44 If you see the notification "Enter Pass"
00:31:46 after you've done it, it means you've succeeded.
00:31:48 It's much easier with Android phones,
00:31:50 but some of them
00:31:52 usually have the "Erase Memory" button
00:31:54 in the RAM section.
00:31:56 It would be better not to charge your phone
00:31:58 in a car. Cars usually have
00:32:00 less electricity than a phone
00:32:02 needs to fully recharge.
00:32:04 If you use a low-power USB port,
00:32:06 your device will start consuming energy
00:32:08 at a much faster rate
00:32:10 than what the port can handle.
00:32:12 It can even damage the charger.
00:32:14 In the end, your phone will hardly charge.
00:32:16 A car isn't the best place,
00:32:18 but a rental car is the worst.
00:32:20 The USB port is mostly public,
00:32:22 so think about cybersecurity.
00:32:24 To make your charge safer,
00:32:26 you can use your own adapter.
00:32:28 Don't plug your phone in a train station.
00:32:30 It's sometimes better to spend a few hours
00:32:32 in a train looking out the window
00:32:34 than to charge your phone in a train station
00:32:36 before getting on the train.
00:32:38 Juice-jacking is a major problem
00:32:40 in public charging stations.
00:32:42 It's possible to extract your data
00:32:44 from a USB drive.
00:32:46 Your home can also be dangerous
00:32:48 for your phone's charging.
00:32:50 Well, only in special circumstances
00:32:52 like lightning.
00:32:54 Indeed, never charge your phone
00:32:56 during a thunderstorm.
00:32:58 The voltage goes up and down,
00:33:00 which can be stressful for the device.
00:33:02 It's not true that your SIM card
00:33:04 can follow you on the track.
00:33:06 The SIM card itself can't be tracked.
00:33:08 It's the IMEI number of each phone.
00:33:10 If your phone is on,
00:33:12 it's easy to track it,
00:33:14 but your iPhone remembers
00:33:16 all the places you've visited recently.
00:33:18 To check it, go to Settings,
00:33:20 Private Life, Location Service,
00:33:22 System Service.
00:33:24 Your phone has gathered your favorite places
00:33:26 in Frequent Locations.
00:33:28 Android devices can do the same.
00:33:30 Open "Historic Locations" in Google Maps.
00:33:32 Don't charge your phone in cafes.
00:33:34 Juice-jacking is a problem there too.
00:33:36 Plus, the USB port's capacity
00:33:38 isn't powerful enough.
00:33:40 It's not true that 4G
00:33:42 uses more data than 3G.
00:33:44 The pages you download are the same,
00:33:46 no matter what you use, 3G or 4G.
00:33:48 It's like eating a pizza.
00:33:50 If someone eats it faster than the second,
00:33:52 it's a matter of speed, not the size of the pizza.
00:33:54 It's the same for 5G.
00:33:56 Now I'm hungry.
00:33:58 There's something you can do
00:34:00 to control the use of data.
00:34:02 Disable applications that use a lot of data.
00:34:04 Disable automatic file download
00:34:06 to one of your clouds.
00:34:08 Delete all automatic updates.
00:34:10 If you want music or a podcast,
00:34:12 download it before.
00:34:14 Streaming absorbs all your data.
00:34:16 The timer on your iPhone is much more useful than it seems.
00:34:18 If, like me, you like to fall asleep
00:34:20 to the sound of your favorite music
00:34:22 or another YouTube video,
00:34:24 go to the clock, touch the timer
00:34:26 and select the section when the time runs out.
00:34:28 Scroll the list until you see the "Stop Reading" button.
00:34:30 This function allows you to stop
00:34:32 all multimedia applications,
00:34:34 like music, all windows that broadcast
00:34:36 sounds or videos, and even
00:34:38 the YouTube app. Very convenient
00:34:40 if you've already woken up at 3am
00:34:42 in the middle of a video that was playing in automatic reading.
00:34:44 For iPhones, press and hold
00:34:46 the timer button, the one you see
00:34:48 when you slide up and see
00:34:50 a quick access menu.
00:34:52 You'll see the time scale you have to slide.
00:34:54 The only drawback is that you can
00:34:56 schedule the timer for a minimum of 1 minute
00:34:58 and a maximum of 2 hours.
00:35:00 The same thing works with a flashlight.
00:35:02 Just press this button and hold it down
00:35:04 to adjust the brightness.
00:35:06 You can take pictures without having enough memory.
00:35:08 If you lack memory but
00:35:10 you absolutely need to take a picture,
00:35:12 here's a tip. Open one of your
00:35:14 applications, like Instagram or Facebook,
00:35:16 and take a picture when you start a new post.
00:35:18 Done! The picture will be in
00:35:20 the list of your camera.
00:35:22 The iPhone's image file doesn't only contain
00:35:24 pictures of your adorable curls.
00:35:26 Press "Select" in the upper right corner
00:35:28 and then on the picture you need.
00:35:30 In the lower left corner, you'll see
00:35:32 a square with an arrow. Go ahead.
00:35:34 Slide the screen down and
00:35:36 look at what you can do. Duplicate the picture,
00:35:38 use it as a wallpaper,
00:35:40 or even hide it from those who like to put
00:35:42 their nose in other people's lives.
00:35:44 Another way to hide a picture is to cut it
00:35:46 to a minimum size. When you need to
00:35:48 retrieve it, just go back to the original.
00:35:50 That's all for today from the
00:35:52 phone pros.
00:35:54 Have a good day!
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01:52:18 mentioned today.
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