• last year
Alright, folks, gather around for a mind-blowing experience! We've got this video lined up that's gonna flip your perspective upside down and inside out. Picture this: 100+ mind-bending facts that'll have you seeing the world in a whole new light. Trust me, you won't wanna miss out on this wild ride. So grab your snacks, get cozy, and prepare to have your reality rocked! Hit that play button and let's dive into the rabbit hole of fascinating info together! ✨ Animation is created by Bright Side.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Music from TheSoul Sound: https://thesoul-sound.com/

Check our Bright Side podcast on Spotify and leave a positive review! https://open.spotify.com/show/0hUkPxD34jRLrMrJux4VxV

Subscribe to Bright Side: https://goo.gl/rQTJZz
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Our Social Media:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/brightside
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brightside.official
TikTok: https://www.tiktok.com/@brightside.official?lang=en

Stock materials (photos, footages and other):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more videos and articles visit:
http://www.brightside.me
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This video is made for entertainment purposes. We do not make any warranties about the completeness, safety and reliability. Any action you take upon the information in this video is strictly at your own risk, and we will not be liable for any damages or losses. It is the viewer's responsibility to use judgement, care and precaution if you plan to replicate.

Category

😹
Fun
Transcript
00:00:00 Do you know the feeling when you've been trying to solve one mystery for your entire life?
00:00:04 Nope? Well, Detective Anderson does. During almost 30 years of working for the police,
00:00:10 he solved many riddles, caught hundreds of robbers, and helped save thousands of lives.
00:00:15 There's a huge number of successfully solved cases on his record.
00:00:18 At the age of 25, he caught a thief who changed his own face with plastic surgery once a year.
00:00:25 When Anderson was 30, prisoners started breaking from jails all over the world.
00:00:30 The detective successfully solved this case.
00:00:32 At the age of 38, he discovered the secret base of a forbidden order in a volcano's mouth.
00:00:39 By his 50s, he managed to explain all the most inexplicable things in the world.
00:00:44 But there was something he couldn't solve. These were two mysteries from the 50s,
00:00:50 cases of missing planes.
00:00:52 All these years, Anderson has been scrolling through the details of this puzzle.
00:00:56 Unfortunately, he was too young when this story began. All he had were guesses and notes.
00:01:03 But today, a sudden thought struck him. For the first time in many years,
00:01:08 he felt that he could finally solve this mystery. But to do this,
00:01:12 he had to immerse himself in this story again. So, he opened the closet and pulled out two old
00:01:18 magazines with detailed articles about these incidents. The first one happened in the summer
00:01:23 of 1955. July 1st, Pan Am flight 914 was about to depart from New York Airport with 61 people on
00:01:32 board. The plane model was a Douglas DC-4. It differed from modern aircraft, having giant
00:01:39 propellers instead of turbines. So, all passengers fastened their seatbelts. The plane started
00:01:45 taxiing down the runway, sped up, and took off. It went high into the sky and out of sight.
00:01:51 Its destination was Florida. The flight time would be three hours.
00:01:56 Dispatching services were watching the plane on their radar when suddenly, Pan Am 914
00:02:02 disappeared. The operator tried to contact the pilot but received no response.
00:02:07 New York reported this to Florida. They said they couldn't see the plane either.
00:02:13 Usually, pilots notify via radio if a plane crashes or gets into a storm. But this time,
00:02:19 just nothing. After several unsuccessful attempts to establish the connection,
00:02:25 they deployed large-scale search operations. Communication with the plane was interrupted
00:02:30 when it was flying over the Atlantic Ocean. Therefore, the air company had to admit
00:02:35 the aircraft crashed into the water. But this version had no proof. When planes fall that way,
00:02:42 rescuers find floating debris. Some parts of the cabin or luggage always get to the surface.
00:02:48 This time, rescuers found nothing. The plane didn't transmit any distress signals and didn't
00:02:55 leave any traces of the crash. It seemed like it just disappeared into thin air. People forgot
00:03:01 about this disaster for 37 years. And then, something bizarre happened.
00:03:08 1992, Venezuela, Caracas Airport. The control tower received a signal about an unknown aircraft
00:03:15 approaching them. It was weird because it wasn't supposed to be there. There were no flights
00:03:21 scheduled for that time. The plane was landing. The dispatcher and the rest of the airport staff
00:03:26 understood that something was wrong here. The plane looked old, with huge propellers instead
00:03:32 of turbines. After landing, the pilot contacted the airport. "Where are we?" The dispatcher asked
00:03:40 him to identify himself. A few seconds later, he received an answer. "We are Pan Am Flight 914,
00:03:47 departed from New York to Florida, with a crew of 4 people and 57 passengers on board."
00:03:51 The dispatcher didn't know what to do next. He and the airport staff understood what kind
00:03:57 of plane they were looking at. What was this plane doing 37 years later, and almost 1240 miles away
00:04:04 from its destination? After a few seconds, the startled dispatcher turned on the microphone
00:04:09 and said, "It is September 9, 1992. You know that?" A long pause followed. Then, the pilot
00:04:17 responded in a panic. "Oh no! Jimmy, where are we? No! Stay away! Let's go now!" The airport staff
00:04:26 saw the pilot waving his hands in horror through the glass. Then, he started the engines and took
00:04:32 the plane to the runway. Pan Am 914 increased its speed and took off. The dispatcher tried to stop
00:04:39 him, but the pilot didn't respond. The plane disappeared into the sky, and no one else had
00:04:45 heard of it since that day. Detective Anderson finished reading the article. He frowned and
00:04:51 looked out the window. Raindrops were hitting the glass. The storm outside perfectly depicted what
00:04:57 was happening in his mind at that moment. He seemed to know what had happened to that plane.
00:05:02 All the clues were there, lying right in front of his eyes. But to know for sure,
00:05:07 Anderson had to move on to the next case. It was another article, dated 1989.
00:05:14 It happened in 1954. Santiago Airlines Flight 513 took off from West Germany Airport. The plane was
00:05:22 due to land in Brazil in 18 hours. There were 88 passengers and 4 crew members on board. The plane
00:05:29 hid behind the clouds and disappeared from all radar. Air traffic controllers were trying to
00:05:35 contact the pilots but didn't receive a response. 18 hours later, they called the airport in Brazil.
00:05:42 Those dispatchers couldn't confirm this plane's landing and couldn't contact the pilots either.
00:05:47 The search operation lasted for several months, but they found nothing. Just like in the Pan Am 914
00:05:54 case, the plane disappeared from radar while flying over the Atlantic Ocean. Two years later,
00:06:00 the search operation ended, and Santiago Airlines ceased its activities.
00:06:06 October 12, 1989. Airport controllers in Brazil noticed a passenger plane that suddenly appeared
00:06:12 on their radar. It didn't answer the airport staff's questions and just circled over the
00:06:17 airbase. After a few minutes, the plane landed and… nothing. No one opened the ramp. Passengers
00:06:25 didn't get out. Pilots didn't respond. The aircraft was in perfect condition. One of the
00:06:31 dispatchers realized that this was the missing Santiago Airlines Flight 513 that had been
00:06:36 considered lost for 35 years. Airport staff approached the plane and opened the doors.
00:06:43 What they saw there terrified them. The police, customs staff, doctors, detectives, and other
00:06:49 airport staff members gathered around the plane. No one knew what to do next. There was no living
00:06:55 person on board who could tell the truth. The plane disappeared in 1954 and appeared 35 years
00:07:02 later in perfect condition without any damage. So far, no one has figured out what happened.
00:07:08 Detective Anderson noticed the stories were very similar. Pan Am 914 disappeared in 1955.
00:07:16 Santiago Airlines 513 vanished in 1954. The difference was almost a year. Anderson scratched
00:07:24 his head and noticed another little detail. Both planes went missing from the radar the moment they
00:07:30 were flying over the Atlantic Ocean. There are many myths about phantom ships and mysterious
00:07:35 phenomena connected with the Bermuda Triangle. Detective Anderson knew these tales, but these
00:07:41 two missing planes puzzled him. He looked at two articles and… understood everything! Exactly!
00:07:48 The solution was there, right in front of his eyes! Both stories were written in the same newspaper.
00:07:54 There was no real dispatcher who communicated with the planes. Nothing was known about the
00:07:59 passengers. No newspapers except this one published news about these missing aircraft.
00:08:05 It seemed they just took the same story and changed the dates, locations, and names of flights. Yes,
00:08:11 the case was solved. It was all fake! The rain stopped. Detective Anderson looked out the window
00:08:19 and heard the sound of a passing train. He remembered another weird and fake story.
00:08:24 A story about a phantom train. It took place in Italy in 1911.
00:08:29 100 passengers boarded the train of the Zanetti Railway Company. It went through the picturesque
00:08:36 mountainous area, got into a mountain tunnel, and disappeared. No one else had seen the train
00:08:42 since then. All the passengers were lost, but not for long. They appeared… in the past!
00:08:49 There were records dated 1845. One unknown doctor from Mexico City wrote about 100 Italians who
00:08:57 appeared in the city from nowhere. They were all dressed strangely and talked about one mysterious
00:09:03 train. This was a completely made-up story. There was no proof or records about this train and the
00:09:10 people who got into the past. Pilots can't eat similar meals when they're working. Imagine that
00:09:16 you're on a trans-oceanic flight. The airplane is flying over the Pacific Ocean. Flight attendants
00:09:21 deliver the dinner meals. Everyone is enjoying the pasta. The sauce tastes a bit funny though.
00:09:26 Hmm, that's probably okay. After all, you are eating an aircraft meal. It can't taste like a
00:09:33 five-stars chef plate. Time goes by. Oh no! You were right! Something was indeed wrong with the
00:09:40 food. But if all the passengers have the same problem, so do the pilots. To prevent both of
00:09:47 them being out of order, pilots are advised not to eat the same meal at the same time.
00:09:52 In such a scenario, if one pilot feels bad, the other one can take over. I mean,
00:09:58 this is not an imperative rule stated by the Federal Aviation Administration,
00:10:03 but most airlines make their own rules about this matter.
00:10:06 Flight attendants have access to hidden equipment, such as a defibrillator, supplemental oxygen,
00:10:12 a fire extinguisher, and duct tape. But probably the most interesting gear they have is handcuffs.
00:10:18 These objects are there to protect passengers from others, and sometimes from themselves.
00:10:24 Turns out that flight attendants have everything they need to defuse a troublemaker.
00:10:28 Aviator sunglasses look cool on pilots in movies, but in real life, they don't wear polarized
00:10:35 glasses. First off, they have a glare-reducing effect. This can cause some trouble in the cockpit.
00:10:40 A pilot has to read instruments, but the stuff in the cockpit, such as LCD displays, emits polarized
00:10:47 light. So a pilot with those cool polarized glasses can't read the displays with 100% efficiency.
00:10:53 Pilots shouldn't wear these glasses simply because of safety concerns. Imagine a shimmer of glare
00:10:59 coming from another plane's windscreen, but the pilot missed the sign because of polarized
00:11:04 sunglasses. Ever noticed a hole in the tail of an airplane? Well, most commercial airplanes have it.
00:11:10 Next time you get into an airplane, take a closer look. The hole has a fancy name - auxiliary power
00:11:17 unit. It looks like a hole from the outside, but that is actually a hidden turbine engine. Most of
00:11:22 the time, the APU will remain off for the entire flight. It will start working when the plane lands.
00:11:28 It provides power to the cabin lights, air conditioning, and cockpit electronics. Don't
00:11:33 underestimate the APU's power, though. It can also provide the power required to start the main
00:11:39 engines. You've watched a Bright Side video and learned what the APU is - a perfect icebreaker.
00:11:46 Unfortunately, you're not in a chatty mood. You just want to take the plane, land, and start your
00:11:51 vacation. Yet again, there is only one door to board. You are at the end of a queue. Why don't
00:11:57 planes generally have multiple doors? According to the experts, the biggest issue is that the bridge
00:12:03 takes up a lot of space. When an aircraft is loaded from the front and the rear, it takes up two slots.
00:12:09 This is not ideal for the administrators. Newly remodeled or constructed terminals tend to have
00:12:15 dual boarding compared to the older terminals. Change of scenery. Let's jump into a cruise ship.
00:12:22 There are hidden passageways and secret doors in ships. These secrets are from an insider.
00:12:29 Staff on the ship mostly work in their designated area. How does a worker get from one place to
00:12:34 another without using the stairs and doors that the passengers use? There is a network of corridors
00:12:40 and stairs all around the ship used only by the crew. I mean it when I say secret doors. They
00:12:46 blend with the walls, so they go undetected by those who don't know where the door is.
00:12:52 Maybe you can stumble by accident. Here is a clue. Pay attention to the walls near the guest stairs.
00:12:58 Try to think of those gigantic cruise ships as floating metals. This leads me to a cruise cabin
00:13:04 fun fact. The walls of the cruise ship cabin are magnetic. Imagine you're traveling to multiple
00:13:10 countries on board a cruise ship. A single month voyage. You collect destination themed magnets and
00:13:16 decorate your cabin. True cruise fans know this magnet magic, so they put a couple of magnetic
00:13:21 hooks into their luggage. Neat tip. Use magnetic hooks to add extra storage in your cabin. Hang
00:13:27 clothes and accessories, postcards or hats. Speaking of ships, why do some ships and boats
00:13:34 have small holes constantly releasing water? To keep the bilge free of water. Water builds up
00:13:40 over time inside the bilge, and the bilge pump automatically pumps the water out again.
00:13:44 Ships don't have headlights. Using a headlight could prevent accidents. If they work for cars,
00:13:51 why not for ships? Headlights are the source of light, but the light that comes out of them
00:13:56 bounces back at the light source at some point. With cars, for instance, headlights work because
00:14:01 the area you want lit is narrow, and you can easily take action if you see an obstacle on the road.
00:14:07 For ships, this is super hard. The light source should be powerful enough to light the area the
00:14:13 captain wants to see. Large cargo ships, for instance, need more than a mile to stop or take
00:14:19 action. Plus, imagine how much brighter should the ship's light be to light the whole area in front
00:14:24 of it. They do see each other with different sorts of lights called navigation lights.
00:14:29 These are small but practical. They arrange it in a standardized way so that ships could see each
00:14:37 other. The exciting thing is that they don't just notice one another in the dark. They also
00:14:42 understand each other's movements and directions. Here's an example. Imagine a ship with two nav
00:14:48 lights. The one on the front is lower, near the ship floor. The other one on the back is high up.
00:14:54 This means the vessel goes to the right. It can safely pass by the other ships without hitting
00:14:59 them. Trains don't have seatbelts. A bit weird. Every time there is a crash related to trains,
00:15:07 this matter comes up. Pretty much nowhere in the world seatbelts are used on trains.
00:15:12 Various studies have been made about this issue. Some of them created simulations of accidents,
00:15:18 and the results were surprising. Using a seatbelt on a train could potentially increase the number
00:15:23 of injuries. In cars, seatbelts are highly effective in protecting the passenger and are
00:15:28 used all the time. The logic behind the seatbelt is to protect the person when a collision causes
00:15:33 rapid deceleration. But trains carry so much momentum that they don't stop rapidly. On a plane,
00:15:40 passengers use a seatbelt on takeoff, during landing, and if turbulence occurs. There are
00:15:45 no such things for trains. Entering and leaving a station is not a high risk. Experts believe
00:15:51 focusing and making investments are other ways to improve railway safety. Now you are traveling by
00:15:57 train. You look outside the window. There are small stones along the railway tracks to accompany
00:16:02 you on the journey. Those stones are formally known as track ballast. They do a very important
00:16:09 job. They provide support to and maintain the tracks. They're not there by mere coincidence,
00:16:14 though. Now look at the stones closer. You can notice that there is no single smoothly cut stone
00:16:20 on the tracks because they're not regular stones randomly poured at the rails. Each rock has sharp
00:16:26 and abrupt edges. Sharp edges hold on to each other. They protect the railroad from harsh
00:16:31 concussions. They facilitate water drainage in heavy rain and keep down the grass and other weeds.
00:16:37 Now imagine replacing those with round pebbles. They will slide down. Eventually, the ballast
00:16:43 will spread out and tracks will fall apart. The last thing you would want, especially if you were
00:16:49 a passenger on that train. Each airplane carrying over 19 passengers must have a crash axe. You will
00:16:58 see it installed as a firefighting device. That way, if there's an electrical fire, crew members
00:17:04 can cut away the cockpit or some other panels. The pilots can actually break the windscreen if
00:17:10 something bad happens and people need to evacuate. Passenger planes are mostly white to protect them
00:17:17 from solar radiation and its effects. Aircrafts need to remain cool at airports in particularly
00:17:24 hot countries while passengers are going in or out. Brilliant white paint can bounce the sunlight
00:17:31 back. It also protects some parts of the plane that are made of composite materials and prevents
00:17:37 their damage since there's higher ultraviolet radiation at high altitudes. Commercial planes
00:17:44 must get to speeds of at least 155 miles per hour to achieve stability and safety at takeoff.
00:17:50 Some smaller planes can sustain altitude even at speeds of 30 miles per hour.
00:17:56 But when speeds are that low, the plane can easily get destabilized and could even fail the takeoff.
00:18:02 The white trails that planes leave behind, also known as contrails, are created because of water
00:18:09 vapor. Vapor is produced during the combustion of fuel in plane engines. When the plane reaches
00:18:16 its cruising altitude of 32,800 feet, temperatures get quite low, about -67 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:18:24 It's really cold, so the water turns into particles of ice. How long these particles
00:18:30 are going to remain visible mostly depends on humidity. The higher the level of humidity is,
00:18:36 the bigger those trails get and remain visible even long after the plane has disappeared.
00:18:41 Airplanes all over the globe get struck by lightning almost on a daily basis.
00:18:47 A regular airplane in commercial service gets hit on average once a year. How often it happens
00:18:55 depends on a couple of things. First, how many landings and takeoffs the plane performs
00:19:00 since lightning mostly strikes at heights between 5,000 and 15,000 feet. It also depends on location.
00:19:08 For instance, it's more likely for a plane to get struck by lightning around the equator
00:19:13 and in some other parts of the world. Modern planes are designed to withstand such strikes.
00:19:20 They have to go through special lightning tests to prove they can cope with strikes.
00:19:25 Planes mostly fly at altitudes of up to 7 miles. There are some benefits like the thinner air or
00:19:32 producing less aerodynamic drag, which also means less fuel consumption. The temperatures up there
00:19:39 are lower, which makes the jet engines more efficient. That part of the atmosphere is also
00:19:45 less turbulent, which helps make flights smoother. Some planes have already gone into space,
00:19:52 but not the ones you see at the airport. Those classical planes need air to go up,
00:19:58 and space is basically just a vacuum. The first plane that reached space was designed around 70
00:20:05 years ago. During its first flight, it generated lift and stability using its thin, stubby wings.
00:20:12 It traveled more than five times the speed of sound.
00:20:18 There are at least one sextillion planets out there in our universe.
00:20:22 To give you an idea of how huge this number is, our planet weighs almost one sextillion times
00:20:29 more than some animals, like a bear. None of these planets are cubic, triangular,
00:20:35 or any other shape. They're all round. At its beginnings, a planet is just a cloud of dust
00:20:42 and rocks that rotates around a central star. Dust and small pieces attract each other because
00:20:48 of gravity, and they keep doing it until they form a blob. Now, the blob starts attracting
00:20:54 more matter. It grows and gets bigger until it's done with collecting everything in its path.
00:20:59 Gravitational forces work equally in all directions, so that blob gets a round shape.
00:21:07 But not the perfect one. Our planet, for instance, is almost a sphere, but with a bulge in the
00:21:12 middle. The bulge is there because the Earth is spinning. Every time it rotates on its axis,
00:21:18 the middle part travels further than the top. The area at the equator is moving quicker than
00:21:24 the area at the poles. And the faster you spin something, the more you'll throw it outwards.
00:21:31 Sound will travel four times faster in water than in air. It's a wave, and that's why it moves
00:21:37 faster in a denser substance. Particles that are close to each other, as in denser substances,
00:21:43 will bump into each other more easily. Water is denser. There are 800 times more particles
00:21:49 in a bottle of water than in the same-sized bottle filled with air. Bubbles are round because they
00:21:56 occur in a thin film, such as one of soapy water traps air. The molecules in the film attract each
00:22:02 other. That way, they stick together and also shape a sphere, because that's the smallest possible
00:22:08 area that encloses any given volume. They can't get any smaller because they have trapped air inside.
00:22:14 You can turn your pencil into a diamond. If you apply a temperature of 2,550 degrees Fahrenheit
00:22:23 and pressure of 55,000 atmospheres, you can transform graphite into diamond.
00:22:29 There are actually two variations of a single chemical element, carbon. Diamonds aren't just
00:22:35 used in jewelry, but for different purposes, for example, as a cutting tool for electronic devices.
00:22:41 Beavers are amazing builders capable of creating cool and complex riverside structures.
00:22:49 They build them to protect themselves from wild animals that might go after them, like wolves or
00:22:54 bears. But not in the way it may look at first. Beavers don't really live in their dams. They
00:23:00 only use them as a barrier making some sort of a pool or pond of deeper water. That's where their
00:23:06 real home is, in the pool. It's like a small island or dome lodge. It's a dry area where
00:23:12 beavers are safe. They can also store their food there. These pools are deep enough for land animals
00:23:18 to avoid them. Beavers dig underwater tunnels that are entrances into their home. If a predator
00:23:25 or some other danger is coming, they can quickly escape to safety. Some animals sleep while
00:23:32 standing. Zebras, elephants, horses, some birds like flamingos. Cows can sleep while standing,
00:23:40 but they prefer to lie down when they want to rest. To sleep while standing, animals need to
00:23:46 have legs that can align vertically. That way, they don't have to activate their muscles to keep
00:23:51 them standing. Their knees also lock in place. It's better for these animals to sleep while
00:23:58 standing because they'd probably be too slow to react if there was a predator going after them.
00:24:03 When we laugh in some unpleasant situations or when we feel nervous, we're actually trying to
00:24:10 mask our true emotions. For example, you do something embarrassing and try to cover up
00:24:15 the shame you feel. Also, we're more relaxed after laughing. So if you're nervously chuckling
00:24:21 in an unpleasant situation, it can help you clear some of your negative emotions.
00:24:25 When you buy a bottle of water, you can see it has an expiration date. It's not that the water
00:24:31 inside will turn bad. The expiration date is there because the plastic may start to leach
00:24:37 into the water over time and contaminate it with chemicals that might be bad for us.
00:24:43 The moon has its own time zone. The astronomers created a special watch for all moonwalkers.
00:24:49 It measures time in lunations, which is the period of time the moon needs to rotate and
00:24:55 revolve around our planet. Each lunation is almost 30,000 Earth days. You can decaffeinate your coffee
00:25:03 if you take it into a sauna to moisten the green coffee bean within temperatures of 160 to 210
00:25:09 degrees Fahrenheit. The point is to get 10 milligrams or less of caffeine per one coffee.
00:25:15 That's when you can put it in the decaf category. One serving of regular coffee has 50 to 75
00:25:23 milligrams of caffeine. There's a reason the Earth spins. Our solar system formed 4.5 billion years
00:25:30 ago. There was a raging cloud of dust and gas. Molecules and atoms in that cloud had a tendency
00:25:38 to rotate in a certain direction. That same cloud collapsed under gravitational forces.
00:25:43 Gravity magnified its initial rotation and then flattened it out into a disk. Our planet formed
00:25:50 within that disk and now it's spinning because of that old pattern of its parent cloud.
00:25:55 The plane had been in the air for a mere 25 seconds when the pilots noticed weird
00:26:05 noises and bizarre vibrations. They tried several ways to improve the situation but nothing worked.
00:26:12 The engine surges continued and just over a minute into the flight when the plane reached 3,000 feet
00:26:19 both engines failed. First the right one, two seconds later the left one. The pilots decided
00:26:25 to return to the airport they had just left. At the same time they tried to restart the engines.
00:26:31 Nothing seemed to work. The flight crew made a decision to pitch the plane down
00:26:36 and then level it off. Perhaps it could help them gain some speed for the glide.
00:26:41 But soon they realized they wouldn't make it to the airport. Was the plane going to crash?
00:26:47 That's when the miracle at Gotrura occurred. The morning before the flight started as usual.
00:26:54 Regular pre-flight procedures, good weather. The members of the flight crew were experienced
00:26:59 pilots. A 44-year-old Danish captain with over 8,000 flight hours under his belt and a 34-year-old
00:27:05 first officer from Sweden with 3,000 hours. So what could go wrong? The plane itself was almost
00:27:12 brand new. It was a McDonnell Douglas MD-81 nicknamed Dana Viking. It made its first flight
00:27:19 on March 16, 1991. By that fateful day the aircraft had been in service for a mere 9 months.
00:27:27 There were 122 passengers and 7 crew members on board. Flight 751 Scandinavian Airlines was a
00:27:35 scheduled flight from Stockholm, Sweden to Warsaw, Poland. On the way, the plane was supposed to make
00:27:41 a stop in Copenhagen, Denmark. The aircraft took off from Stockholm according to its schedule
00:27:47 at 8.47 am local time. But by that point, the people inside had already been doomed.
00:27:54 All because of a terrible sequence of events before the departure. It started the night before.
00:28:00 The plane arrived at Stockholm airport after a flight from Zurich. It was 10.09 pm. The aircraft
00:28:07 spent the night at the gate outside. It was cold. The temperature dropped to 34 degrees Fahrenheit,
00:28:13 just above freezing. What made the situation even worse was that almost 6,000 pounds of
00:28:19 freezing cold fuel, chilled during the night, still remained in the tanks located in the wings.
00:28:25 The fuel was so cold because the plane had been flying at the cruising altitude,
00:28:30 where the air temperature outside the cabin varied from -61 to -80 degrees.
00:28:36 The flight from Zurich lasted around 1 hour and 40 minutes.
00:28:44 Soon after midnight, a flight technician came to check on the aircraft. The man had to remove some
00:28:50 sludge from the landing gear. Otherwise, he wouldn't be able to examine it. At around 2 am,
00:28:56 when he was leaving, he noticed some ice covering the upper part of the wings.
00:29:00 By the morning, the situation had become even dire. A layer of clear, almost invisible ice
00:29:08 had formed on the tops of the wings. The plane had to leave the gate at around 8.30 am.
00:29:14 An hour before the departure, the mechanic responsible for the plane noticed that some
00:29:19 ice covered the underside of the wings. He decided to make sure there was no ice on the
00:29:24 tops of the wings. He climbed a ladder and put one knee on the wing. Then he bent forward to
00:29:30 touch the front part of the wing. There was no ice, just some slush. The mechanic decided to
00:29:36 make sure everything was fine with the air inlet of one of the engines. He didn't find anything
00:29:41 abnormal. Soon after that, the personnel used more than 220 gallons of de-icing fuel to remove
00:29:48 ice from the plane. The mechanic consulted with the captain of the aircraft and ordered the staff
00:29:54 to de-ice the underside of the wings as well. After all, he had seen some ice there. But no
00:30:00 one thought to double-check if there was clear ice on the tops of the wings. After they had finished
00:30:08 the procedure, the mechanic reported to the captain, "We're done here. De-icing finished.
00:30:13 There was a lot of snow and ice, but everything's clear now." The captain thanked the mechanic and
00:30:19 carried on with the pre-flight procedures. The plane taxied to the runway. Its engine's
00:30:24 anti-ice systems were switched on and didn't show any malfunction. But several passengers later
00:30:31 claimed they had seen ice sliding off the upper side of the wings while the plane had been taking
00:30:36 off. And still, the plane left the ground and headed for Stockholm as usual. But shortly after
00:30:43 the take-off, several pieces of the overlooked ice broke off. At full speed, they slammed into
00:30:50 the fans of the engines near the tail on both sides of the plane, ruining the blades. It led
00:30:56 to a series of surges, and the rest is history. Meanwhile, somewhere in the cabin, Scandinavian
00:31:02 Airlines flight captain Per Holmberg, who was on board as a passenger, noticed something was amiss.
00:31:08 At first, he informed the flight attendant sitting in the rear jump seat that the right
00:31:13 engine was surging. She tried to contact the flight crew, unsuccessfully. Then, the un-uniformed
00:31:20 captain rushed to the cockpit and asked if he could help the pilots. The first officer gave him
00:31:25 the emergency checklist, and the captain asked him to start the auxiliary power unit, a small gas
00:31:31 turbine in the tail of the plane. Holmberg's advice and help were invaluable, but was it enough to
00:31:37 save the plane and the people inside? When the plane emerged from the cloud cover, at an altitude
00:31:43 of 890 feet, the pilots realized they wouldn't have enough time to make it back to the airport.
00:31:49 An immediate emergency landing was unavoidable. The assisting captain passed the order to the cabin
00:31:56 crew, and they started preparing the passengers. There was a large field to the north of the plane,
00:32:02 but the captain realized they didn't have enough time to reach it. So he chose a much smaller field
00:32:08 in a forested area in the direction of flight. It was not far from the village of Gotrura in
00:32:14 Uppland, Sweden. The plane was just 1300 feet above the ground when the assisting captain
00:32:20 started extending the flaps. At a height of 183 feet, the captain reported to Stockholm Control,
00:32:27 "We're crashing to the ground!" Seven seconds later, the plane hit several trees and lost a
00:32:33 huge chunk of its right wing. By that time, the landing gear had already been extended,
00:32:38 and the speed had decreased to 139 mph. Moments later, the plane's tail struck the ground and
00:32:46 broke off. The aircraft kept sliding across the field still at high speed. It traveled 360 feet,
00:32:54 with its main landing gear leaving marks on the field. At one point, the plane lost the main and
00:32:59 nose landing gear. Its fuselage broke into three parts. Miraculously, there was no fire.
00:33:06 If you look at the pictures from the crash site, the plane torn into pieces, with its parts scattered
00:33:12 across the field, it's hard to believe that all 129 people on board the plane survived.
00:33:18 It seems like a miracle, but it was also thanks to the flight attendant's quick reaction
00:33:24 and the correct instructions they gave the passengers. They didn't panic and told the
00:33:29 people to adopt the brace position just in time to avoid fatalities. Even more surprising,
00:33:36 almost all passengers, except for four people, made their way out of the plane on their own.
00:33:42 No wonder this accident was nicknamed "The Miracle". The aircraft, though, wasn't as lucky.
00:33:48 The 9-month-old plane was damaged so badly that it was an immediate write-off.
00:33:53 Everyone praised the actions of the flight crew. The landing was incredibly skilled,
00:33:58 especially in such a fast-developing, very dangerous situation. The captain himself
00:34:04 admitted that few pilots were ever forced to put to the test the skills they got during training,
00:34:10 at least not to this degree. He said he was proud of his crew and relieved that everyone had
00:34:16 survived. And he never returned to piloting commercial planes.
00:34:21 A shadow is cast when you have an object in the path of light. Light travels in a straight line,
00:34:28 which is why you always get a shadow when something's in front of a light source.
00:34:32 Birds and airplanes are no exception. They do cast shadows, but we can't see them. The closer
00:34:38 the object to a source of light, the denser its shadow, and vice versa. If the object is too far
00:34:44 away, its shadow disperses. A commercial airplane flies at 35,000 to 40,000 feet. At such a height,
00:34:51 you barely see the plane, let alone its shadow. It's too far from the Earth's surface,
00:34:56 so its shadow is scattered, and you can't see it. The same goes for birds.
00:35:00 But if there was a giant asteroid passing by the Earth, you'd see its shadow. Based on the
00:35:06 same principle by which lunar and solar eclipses work, a solar eclipse is when the Moon is directly
00:35:12 between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's rays. That casts a shadow on some parts of the
00:35:17 Earth. The Moon is 400 times smaller than the Sun, but it's also 400 times closer to our planet than
00:35:24 the star, which is why they seem the same size in the sky. But since the Moon is smaller,
00:35:29 its shadow is not big enough to cover the whole Earth, so it's only cast to some parts of it.
00:35:35 Lightning is never a triangle, straight line, or circle. It has a zigzag shape.
00:35:41 Lightning is an electric current, like those you have in your house, except this one is much more
00:35:46 powerful. It always takes the path of least resistance. There are lots of things in the air,
00:35:52 like dust particles, gases, and other substances, so it's uneven and irregular. Let's say you have
00:35:58 a mound of sand. When you pour water, it won't flow downward in a straight line, but in specific
00:36:04 patterns, seeking the best way through the sand. The same happens with lightning.
00:36:08 Antarctica has icebergs that look like giant ocean waves frozen in motion. Despite their appearance,
00:36:15 these formations are created over long periods of time. The ice got lifted, compacted, and shaped by
00:36:22 the wind and other elements, accidentally taking the wave shape in the end. Blood Falls is a glacier
00:36:28 in Antarctica that pours out some sort of red liquid that looks like blood. Scientists say
00:36:34 it happens because there's a salty lake with a large iron content under the glacier. Salt water
00:36:40 freezes at a lower point than fresh water, so it melts the ice above, letting the river flow.
00:36:45 This is the coldest glacier on our planet, which is why the water can constantly flow
00:36:50 without melting it, and the red color is because of the iron in the water.
00:36:55 Antarctica is the only continent where you can't find reptiles. They're cold-blooded,
00:37:00 which means they depend on heat from their environment to keep their bodies warm,
00:37:04 and can't survive in cold, icy regions such as Antarctica. Penguins can relax,
00:37:10 no snakes or crocodiles to bother them there. Only a quarter of the Sahara Territory is sand.
00:37:16 There are mountains and oases, but most of the desert is covered in gravel,
00:37:21 and it's not the biggest desert on Earth. Antarctica is.
00:37:24 Just like people, trees also stop growing at a certain age. Scientists think this could be
00:37:31 because when a tree gets old and reaches a certain height, it has trouble pulling water
00:37:35 from the soil and pumping it all the way to the top because of gravity. Some trees,
00:37:40 like the baobab, start growing out instead of up when they get to their full height.
00:37:44 The baobab expands up to 0.4 inches every year. Australia is atop of one of the world's fastest
00:37:52 moving tectonic plates. It moves 2.5 inches northward every year, which is about the rate
00:37:57 our fingernails and hair grow. If you feel like trying to find something to watch on TV is just
00:38:02 wasting your life, studies agree. The average person spends 1.3 years flipping between channels
00:38:09 and trying to find something worthy of their attention. You can see a rainbow at night, too.
00:38:15 It's a rare phenomenon called a lunar rainbow or moonbow, and it appears when moonlight is
00:38:22 reflected and dispersed through moisture and water droplets in the atmosphere. Lunar rainbows
00:38:27 mostly occur in areas with high rainfall or even near waterfalls surrounded by mist.
00:38:32 When you crack an egg on land, it can turn into a mess. But 60 feet under the ocean,
00:38:38 there's 2.8 times the atmospheric pressure on the egg, which is why it holds together like
00:38:44 there's an invisible shell and looks like some sort of weird jellyfish.
00:38:48 Stars don't actually twinkle. Their light is constant and steady. But when it interferes
00:38:54 with Earth's atmosphere, it bumps and bounces through the air, which bends the light.
00:38:59 Different layers of air are constantly moving, which changes the bending of the light, too,
00:39:03 so it looks like twinkling. Hudson Bay, Canada is the area where gravity is lower than in other
00:39:10 parts of our planet. It's not like people there are free-floating like in space, but it may feel
00:39:15 like some sort of a natural geographical diet. Lower gravity leads to less density, so you'd
00:39:21 weigh less there than anywhere else. Gravity depends on the density of the Earth, so it's
00:39:27 uneven. When the last ice age hit, Hudson Bay was covered by a two-mile-thick glacier. It was heavy,
00:39:34 so it kept pushing down on the rock underneath it. Over 20,000 years ago, the glaciers began to melt,
00:39:40 but the Bay region was left deformed due to heavy ice that used to be there.
00:39:44 The only sport someone played on the moon was golf. In 1971, an astronaut went to the moon
00:39:52 and hit two golf balls, sending them flying through the low-gravity atmosphere on the lunar surface.
00:39:57 The Great Wall of China is 5,000 miles long, so it would take you about 18 months to walk its
00:40:05 length. Contrary to popular belief, you can't see it from space with your bare eyes. Lobsters are not
00:40:12 biologically immortal. They age through time, but also produce a special enzyme that's in charge of
00:40:18 repairing their cells. It also replicates their DNA indefinitely, so they can live for a very,
00:40:24 very long time. If you went to the deepest part of the ocean, you'd feel an incredibly strong
00:40:29 pressure, more than 8 tons per square inch, which is like having 50 jumbo jets lying on top of you.
00:40:36 The sun is the biggest object you can find in our solar system. While there are so many rocky
00:40:41 planets, gas giants, asteroids, and dwarf planets, the sun still makes up 99.8% of the total mass of
00:40:49 our system. The sun is in the most stable stage of its life cycle at the moment, but in around 5
00:40:54 billion years, it will run out of hydrogen, its fuel. We can see sunsets because the atmosphere
00:41:00 of our planet acts like a prism. Science calls it scattering. There's more distance between us and
00:41:06 the sun at the time of sunset, meaning more particles and molecules are in the air. They
00:41:12 scatter some of the short wavelength violet and blue light off in different directions. This
00:41:17 process happens millions of times before the beam of sunlight gets to our eyes, and that's when we
00:41:22 see some other colors of the spectrum, such as orange or yellow. Tsunamis can reach a speed of
00:41:28 more than 500 miles per hour, which is as fast as a jet plane. They retain the energy, which means
00:41:34 they can move across the ocean and almost not lose energy at all until they reach the shore.
00:41:39 Octopuses are some of the most intelligent creatures in the sea. They navigate through
00:41:44 mazes, solve problems, and have pretty good short-term memory. Scientists believe they're
00:41:49 so smart because they live a pretty dynamic life. They move fast, hide in unpredictable places,
00:41:56 expand across new habitats, move in unusual patterns, and let their tentacles into crevices
00:42:01 for food. This is all challenging enough for their brain to develop all the time.
00:42:06 The famous heads, known as Maua'i statues, on Easter Island have bodies too. They're just
00:42:12 hidden beneath the surface. There are also 900 Maua'i statues on the island. Scientists discovered
00:42:18 New Zealand is part of a larger land mass that lies under the water. 94% of the total land is
00:42:24 under the surface. It's called Zealandia and is considered to be a microcontinent.
00:42:30 Maybe it'll even be the eighth on the list someday.
00:42:33 Seat pockets on planes are mostly filled with in-flight magazines, a plane safety guide,
00:42:43 and information about the airline. But they're also home to all sorts of trash,
00:42:48 grime, and bacteria that just don't belong there. A passenger coughs into a tissue or wipes their
00:42:55 runny nose with a handful of them, but instead of immediately getting rid of them, it gets placed
00:43:00 into the seatback pocket. Now another passenger comes along on the very next flight, sitting in
00:43:05 that same exact seat. With limited space around them, putting some of their belongings into the
00:43:10 pockets leads to potentially millions of germs spreading significantly to them. It's no wonder
00:43:16 that these seats back pockets can get so nasty. Everybody puts their trash inside of them.
00:43:22 Passengers often leave uneaten candy bars, diapers, apple cores, and nuts. This leaves crumbs
00:43:28 and other matters everywhere. All of this trash is taken out before the next flight, but they're
00:43:33 rarely ever deeply cleaned. It's all dependent on the airline itself as to how often they'll
00:43:39 really clean the plane and wipe everything down properly. The plastic tray tables where we eat
00:43:44 and place our things are one of, if not the dirtiest parts of any airplane. These seatback
00:43:51 tray tables that we use can have over 2,000 CFUs, colony-forming units of bacteria, per square inch
00:43:59 living on their surface. The rich texture keeps cups of soda from sliding off the table,
00:44:04 also creating tiny mountain ranges where the microbes attach themselves. Sugary sodas and
00:44:10 juices that spill onto tray tables throughout flights give bacteria the perfect environment
00:44:15 to stay and feed. Bacteria love living on this plastic almost as much as human skin.
00:44:21 And there are lots of microbes that your tray catches and holds onto, especially when they're
00:44:27 not thoroughly cleaned. Much like air vents that are always fiddled with, seatbelt buckles are
00:44:32 probably the most touched thing on any aircraft. The average buckle can contain nearly 1,000
00:44:38 colony-forming units of bacteria per square inch on it at all times. Passengers touch seatbelt
00:44:44 buckles to go to the bathroom. Even after washing their hands, people will walk down the aisle,
00:44:49 touching all the headrests for balance to get to their seat. After settling in and buckling up,
00:44:54 most will then touch their face, eyes, phone, and even food for the rest of the trip.
00:45:00 Airports can be big virus spreaders, but they're cleaned constantly. The same cannot be said for
00:45:06 the subway, buses, or even taxis. Subway door handles, luggage carts, chairs, seats, and poles
00:45:13 are very rarely cleaned and are a breeding ground for all sorts of nasties. New York City's subway
00:45:19 system is one of the dirtiest in the world, with a mind-boggling 2 million bacteria colonies per
00:45:24 square inch on nearly every surface. Many of these have still yet to be identified. They're
00:45:30 that rare. It goes with you everywhere, sometimes even into the bathroom. As a result, cell phones
00:45:36 could be up to 10 times dirtier than any toilet seat. E. coli, the bacteria that can give stomach
00:45:43 cramps and fevers, can live for hours on warm surfaces like phones. The best solution? Wash
00:45:49 your hands thoroughly before touching phones and make sure that phone gets a good wipe down with
00:45:53 a disinfectant. Most people have a smartphone by them day and night, meaning that all the bacteria
00:45:59 picked up during the day is transferred to them. Everyone touches the remote control at some point,
00:46:05 but it isn't even thought of when cleaning the house. It falls to the floor or gets into the
00:46:10 side of the sofa, a warm, dark home for mold and bacteria, where there are lots of crumbs and grime.
00:46:16 A good clean with an antibacterial wipe every so often will help keep it shiny and germ-free.
00:46:22 Blowing out candles on a birthday cake can expel a mist of saliva that always lands on the birthday
00:46:28 cake frosting. This can lead to some very unhappy birthday parties if someone is sick. Sometimes
00:46:35 it's better to skip the candles altogether or accept the risk that every day is someone's
00:46:40 birthday celebration and a little bit of spit won't always hurt you. A single ATM gets touched
00:46:46 by hundreds of people in a day. The chances that at least one of those people touching the buttons
00:46:51 is sick and freely spreading the flu or cold is naturally quite high then. The flu, for example,
00:46:57 can live up to two days on objects. It can even be days after someone has recovered from that virus
00:47:02 that it'd still be active and spreadable. ATMs are cleaned, but not all the time. It would be
00:47:08 impossible to service every single one in a major city daily. A single dollar bill can be home to
00:47:15 thousands of different kinds of bacteria, including the usual suspects like E. coli,
00:47:20 staph, and a bacterium that causes acne breakouts. Paper money can reportedly carry more germs than
00:47:26 a household toilet, and bills are a hospitable environment for gross microbes. The smaller in
00:47:32 value of the bill, the dirtier it will be because it's in circulation more. Money can't be cleaned
00:47:38 like a lot of things, but taking it to a bank for new, hopefully cleaner bills is possible.
00:47:44 Use hand sanitizer and wash your hands after handling money too, just in case.
00:47:49 Grocery store shopping carts can have more bacteria on them than what's ever been found
00:47:55 in public restrooms. That includes toilet seats and the flushing handles. Cleansing wipe dispensers
00:48:01 have been appearing at many major grocery chains, and some stores even go the extra mile to clean
00:48:06 them after the day's through. But these simply aren't enough to keep up with the petri dish
00:48:11 that the handles are. With over 100,000 bacteria per square inch, it's nearly impossible to keep
00:48:16 them clean. Toothbrush holders hold onto moisture and are rarely cleaned, making them one of the
00:48:23 dirtiest things in our homes. It can be filled with salmonella, E. coli, and lots of mold over
00:48:29 time when it's not getting cleaned regularly. Wash your toothbrush holder in hot, soapy water
00:48:34 every week to minimize the chances of getting sick. Toothbrushes should be changed every three
00:48:39 to four months for a very good reason. It takes a while for the toothbrush to dry. This creates
00:48:45 the perfect home for mold and fungus to spread and grow. There can be more than 600 different
00:48:51 kinds of bacteria living inside of your mouth. A kiss alone can transfer about 80 million bacteria
00:48:58 from one mouth to another. A good brushing routine will have around 1,000 to 100,000 bacteria living
00:49:04 on each tooth's surface. But for those that don't brush, bacteria can be up to 100 million or 1
00:49:11 billion bacteria on each tooth. The dirtiest thing in our home can only be one thing, the kitchen
00:49:18 sponge. It's wet, absorbent, and food and dirt are rubbed into it all the time. Then we wipe down
00:49:24 our kitchen tops just to spread all that grubbiness around some more. Sponges are very hard to keep
00:49:30 clean. The best way to keep things sanitary is to replace it when it starts to smell bad. It's no
00:49:36 surprise that if the sponges are filthy, then sinks are too. Rinsed fruit, vegetables, prepared raw
00:49:42 meat, and dishes needing cleaning all make their way to the kitchen sink. This creates an extremely
00:49:48 high breeding ground for E. coli, salmonella, and many other gross things. They'll stick to the sides
00:49:54 and drain holes and grow like crazy. Clean sinks before and after each use, and make sure to keep
00:50:00 them as dry as possible to prevent any mold growth as well. Restaurant menus and condiment dispensers
00:50:06 aren't cleaned nearly as often as they should be. If someone with a cold was using the condiments
00:50:11 right before you, this greatly increases the chance of the cold-causing bacteria being on your hands
00:50:17 and then your fries. Menus are rarely washed with disinfectants after each use. Customers have been
00:50:23 touching quite a few things like chairs, tables, their faces, or hair before they give the menus
00:50:29 back. Dog toys need to be cleaned regularly to prevent any bacteria or mold growth from spreading
00:50:35 too much. Each time a dog slobbers on a toy, they don't just transfer their mouth bacteria,
00:50:40 they've created a sticky, wet place for other germs to live on. There's no way of telling just
00:50:46 what their favorite plaything has picked up around the house or yard. Purses and bags could have more
00:50:51 bacteria than we really considered. They're regularly placed on dirty floors, bathroom floors,
00:50:57 countertops, and out on the street. This exposes them to all sorts of germs like salmonella, E.
00:51:03 coli, mold, and fungus all the time. Alcohol wipes are very good to carry around in your purse or
00:51:10 bag to give them a good wipe down when needed. Drinking fountains are a cesspool of bacteria and
00:51:16 germs. Over 2 million bacteria per square inch can be found on the fountain's faucets alone. As they
00:51:23 get wet and touched by hundreds of hands, the bacteria and mold begin to grow. If someone has
00:51:29 coughed or sneezed near it recently, those particles will cling onto the water. This creates a higher
00:51:35 chance of the next person drinking from it catching something. The food on the tables in the cruise
00:51:42 ship's dining room seems freshly made. It looks like everyone just picked up and left. You panic
00:51:48 and run outside to the main deck. There are plenty of slippers and sandals lying around, but no people
00:51:54 around. You bend over the railing and see that the cruise ship is still moving. There's not a single
00:52:02 staff member in sight. Your first guess is that they've all gathered somewhere for some reason,
00:52:08 so you make your way to the captain. You walk through the long and maze-like corridors before
00:52:13 you reach the control room. The door is wide open and someone has set the ship to cruise control.
00:52:18 Some scenarios play out in your head. Scenario number one is that while you were asleep,
00:52:25 everyone else woke up and decided to pull a prank on you, so they must be hiding somewhere on the
00:52:30 ship. When you freak out because no one is around, they'll pop out of nowhere and surprise you with
00:52:35 an awesome party and cake. The second scenario you come up with is that while everyone was enjoying
00:52:42 their cruise, the ship accidentally entered the fourth dimension with everyone, including the
00:52:46 animals on board. But then, why did they leave you behind? The third possible scenario is that
00:52:53 everyone found a better cruise ship nearby and decided to abandon the ship for a better one.
00:52:58 They just forgot to tell you, but why did they leave their stuff behind and their food half-eaten?
00:53:03 You try to figure out what the controls mean, but it's just a bunch of random gizmos and flickering
00:53:09 lights. There is no pop-up manual to study, but there is pretty fast Wi-Fi. You start your laptop
00:53:16 and do a quick search on what some of these things mean. You quickly figure out that the ship is in
00:53:21 safety mode and has automatic sensors to detect when the water gets too rough. You open up social
00:53:28 media and try to contact some people, but your phone doesn't have a connection. Only the laptop,
00:53:33 which is connected via cable, works. There's a radio to contact the mainland. You ring in,
00:53:39 but no one's answering. Suddenly, your notifications pop up. You look at photos of your
00:53:44 friends on vacation or back home, but they're not there. Only the backdrop with no one in there.
00:53:51 Everyone has officially disappeared, except you. You try one last time to contact the rest of the
00:53:57 world, but nobody is answering. You check out some of the cruise details and find out that the ship
00:54:02 will need around 11 days until you reach the nearest dock. After looking at the map,
00:54:08 you see a small remote island that's only four days' trip away. The cruise ship travels around
00:54:13 20 knots, which is around 23 miles an hour. Meanwhile, you discover the ship and enter some
00:54:20 of the fancy places. The ads on TV just show an empty backdrop of the cruise ship without people,
00:54:27 which makes it look quite lonely. On a seven-day cruise, a large ship can use over 9,000 pounds of
00:54:33 lettuce and 45,000 pounds of eggs. In general, there are 2,000 steaks and 1,000 baked potatoes
00:54:41 consumed per day on a cruise with more than 1,000 people. There is so much food and ingredients on
00:54:47 the ship that you can technically last for years. You reach the receptionist's desk and talk over
00:54:52 the intercom radio to make official announcements. "Hello? Hello? Just a sound of crickets. Okay,
00:55:01 if this is some kind of prank, it's not funny. You can come out now. I'm going to the underdeck
00:55:05 for some snacks." You wait for an answer, but no one is coming. You decide to go to the lower decks
00:55:12 of the ship, but before you head down, you check out the ice skating rink with no one there.
00:55:17 You slip on some ice skating shoes and go for a little spin. It feels good with no one to bother
00:55:22 you or tell you what to do. After that, you check out the game room and play some arcade games.
00:55:28 You use the coins from the counter and play for hours. The sun begins to set, so you decide to
00:55:34 have a refreshing drink and enjoy the view. You sit on the top deck where only the VIPs are allowed
00:55:40 and grab the biggest sunbed to lay on. It's so quiet that you can hear the ocean waves. You fall
00:55:46 asleep there and wake up the next morning because of the bright sun. You walk around, trying to see
00:55:51 what to do. You grab a golf club and start swinging. You get the balls into the ocean and keep playing
00:55:57 until you get bored. You realize that you got sidetracked with the activities and want to go
00:56:02 to the lower decks of the ship. You check out the staff-only entry with a pass that you found lying
00:56:08 around. You start descending to the bottom. It's getting darker. The power isn't working, so you
00:56:14 grab a flashlight and look through the rooms. Crew members usually live in a dorm-style room
00:56:21 with shared bunk beds. They have a common area for eating staff meals and have access to other
00:56:26 recreational activities. The kitchens that serve the main restaurants are also located in the
00:56:31 bottom areas. All the rooms look the same. There's a lot of noise coming from the engine room, which
00:56:37 makes it creepy. The pipes are clanking and popping sounds bust from random places. The lights
00:56:43 are flickering. There are shadows following you as you're moving with the flashlight you picked
00:56:48 up from one of the rooms. You're scared. You call out to see if there's anyone there, but all you
00:56:53 hear is your own voice echoing through the corridors. You're lost. You try to find your way
00:57:00 back to the top decks, but everything looks the same. You start running and panicking. You trip
00:57:06 over something and lose your flashlight. It's very dark. You wave your arms around and try to find
00:57:11 your way out. You put your hands on the wall and try to navigate around. You see a bright light at
00:57:17 the end of the corridor. You walk towards there. You end up reaching one of the central kitchens
00:57:23 with plenty of food lying around. There are dozens of fridges and a whole kitchen dedicated to
00:57:28 desserts. Your stomach growls from hunger. You eat some of the most exotic and top-of-the-line
00:57:35 food that can cost up to a thousand dollars per dish. You spend the next few days gobbling up the
00:57:40 yummy treats, playing golf, and partying on the dance floor. Three days later, you maxed out most
00:57:46 of the fun stuff of the cruise ship. While basking in the sun, you see an island in the distance.
00:57:51 You grab your binoculars and notice the dock where the ship is heading to.
00:57:55 You quickly head to the control center and see the map. It needs 30 minutes to arrive,
00:58:02 but you don't know how to park the cruise ship. You end up lowering the anchor to stop the ship.
00:58:08 You'll then use the rescue boats for rowing to the island. You gather some supplies and food and row.
00:58:14 Maybe someone on the island can help you out. You descend and row to the shore. You enter the city,
00:58:21 but it's empty. People have left their cars in the middle of the road during their commute.
00:58:25 You head to the police station to see if you can get some answers, but nothing. Months later,
00:58:32 you've explored the whole island and saved plenty of food from the cruise ship.
00:58:37 After five years, you've taken complete control over the island and learned how to drive the
00:58:42 cruise ship properly. You haven't seen a single person since that day on the cruise ship.
00:58:47 It's like everyone picked up and evaporated. Ten years later, you're sitting in the radio tower.
00:58:53 You have a full-grown beard and fields of crops all over the island. You haven't stepped foot on
00:58:58 the cruise ship for three years. Suddenly, you catch some signal on the radio in Morse code.
00:59:05 Someone from the mainland is trying to contact you. You decide to get back on the ship and make
00:59:10 your way there. Now, if you've ever watched a cartoon about an elephant, you've surely noticed
00:59:16 a scene where this huge animal is running from a small mouse. That's because the myth surrounding
00:59:22 them, the one about elephants being scared of mice, is as big and powerful as these animals are.
00:59:27 It turns out elephants do not have any particular dread of these small rodents,
00:59:32 but they don't see well and tend to move a bit slowly. So, they may be spooked by a faster-moving
00:59:38 animal or even a bird if they're caught off guard. Speaking of myths surrounding animals,
00:59:44 we've all been told at one point that bats are blind. In reality, these small flying creatures
00:59:50 can see, but their vision is reduced to black and white hues. But at night, they can see way
00:59:56 better than we do. Their vision lacks the color receptors that we have, but in low light, we don't
01:00:02 see much color either. Bats have a built-in sonar and can navigate their surroundings better at
01:00:07 night. That's because they calibrate their direction based on how sounds bounce back
01:00:12 from the nearest object. The myth about bats being blind probably appeared because these
01:00:17 animals don't see as well as we do in daylight. If an insect falls from a certain height,
01:00:24 does it sustain any damage? Well, the subject is a bit complex, but let's take ants, for example.
01:00:31 Ants don't get any injuries during such a fall, and that's because they're so small. A lot of
01:00:36 other insects can fall for miles and still be fine. The explanation has a lot to do with math
01:00:42 and physics, but to put it simply, so I can understand it, most insects are not heavy enough
01:00:48 to impact the surface they hit. More so, while falling, they don't actually gather speed – they
01:00:54 slow down. An ant's relative large surface area for that tiny weight creates a lot of drag as the
01:01:01 bug moves through the air, so it slows down as it reaches the end of its flight. There's a similar
01:01:08 myth surrounding pennies falling from a tall building. Some people claim that when a penny
01:01:13 is dropped from a great height, it speeds up, and it can end badly for a person in its way.
01:01:19 In reality, because of its size and shape, a penny falling down from a tall building can cause the
01:01:25 same damage as a falling leaf. Should it fall on your head, you'd only feel a tiny bit of pressure.
01:01:31 As it descends, the penny collides with air particles, which prevents the small object from
01:01:37 accelerating. And, of course, that's a drag. That resistance of air surrounding it is the reason why
01:01:43 the penny cannot harm anyone. There are some other examples that may get a bit more dangerous,
01:01:50 like a ballpoint pen, for example. It all depends on its design and the way it falls down to the
01:01:55 ground. It can spin, flutter, or just go straight down, depending on the way of descent. A dropping
01:02:03 pen might even damage a sidewalk and cause some injuries to pedestrians. Remember the 5-second
01:02:10 rule? Yeah, that's a myth too. Even if you picked up that cookie as soon as you dropped it on the
01:02:15 floor, eating it is still not safe. Bacteria can get on your food very fast. Pieces of food with
01:02:22 wet surfaces, like fruit or a slice of tart, can pick up harmful organisms from the ground even
01:02:29 faster. Just because you've just finished scrubbing your floors doesn't necessarily make them clean.
01:02:36 Some germs can survive for longer periods of time, and you need very harsh chemicals to get
01:02:40 rid of them. If you drop something while enjoying your dinner, your safest bet will be to just
01:02:46 throw it away. You know how some people say that hitting the snooze button gives you some extra
01:02:52 time to rest? Not only is it untrue, but hitting the snooze button can also reduce your sleep
01:02:58 quality. Those 10-minute intervals of sleep you get over and over again aren't the good type of
01:03:04 sleep. It's fragmented. If anything, it'll make you feel more tired during the day.
01:03:08 More so, you can actually sleep too much. And oversleeping makes you even sleepier,
01:03:14 and can affect your metabolism and your energy levels. Not to mention, it can be a real pain
01:03:20 for people sharing the same bed or room with you. I know, I know, breaking up with the snooze button
01:03:26 can be a real heartbreak, so let's see what you can do. First of all, set a realistic alarm.
01:03:33 If you're more of a night owl, don't force yourself to wake up really early in the morning
01:03:38 if you don't have to. Find a sleeping schedule that works for you, and most importantly,
01:03:44 stick to it. Get out of bed as soon as you wake up. The change in posture will trigger the right
01:03:49 chemicals in your body that will eliminate your need to go back to sleep. As a last resort,
01:03:55 you can even move your alarm clock across the room. If you need to get out of bed to hit the
01:04:01 snooze button, you're less likely to get back to sleep. You might have heard that lightning never
01:04:07 strikes the same place twice. Well, this information is also dangerously wrong,
01:04:12 as lightning often occurs in the exact same place, or at least nearby, twice. Also, if you're ever
01:04:19 in an open field during a thunderstorm, the best course of action is to find shelter. Don't touch
01:04:25 anything mechanical or electrical either. If you're indoors, stay away from the windows.
01:04:30 Should the storm start while you're kite-flying, best to postpone it until it's over.
01:04:35 Let's move on to those myths about the human body. Some people say, "We only use 10% of our brain at
01:04:43 any given time." This information is false. I only use 5%. Actually, our brain is busy all day long
01:04:51 and through the night as well. It never turns off completely, not even when we sleep. Our brain works
01:04:57 like a small factory. Each area is designed to help us with a particular task. Most of the time,
01:05:03 our brain is preoccupied with doing things we aren't even aware of, like breathing, walking,
01:05:09 or digesting food. Each time you learn a new language or get better at a certain skill,
01:05:14 you don't unlock a new part of your brain because it's never idle. But depending on
01:05:19 the activity you're doing, you may be utilizing some portions of your brain in a new way.
01:05:26 Pet lovers may have heard this one. A dog's mouth is cleaner than that of a human.
01:05:31 Meth alert! Their mouths are much dirtier than ours. Dogs can also carry a lot of diseases,
01:05:37 especially if they are not well taken care of. Apart from that, a dog uses its mouth for a whole
01:05:43 lot more things than we do. The animal needs it to get to know its surroundings better since it
01:05:49 doesn't have opposable thumbs. So, they end up using it to pick up things from the ground.
01:05:55 And these things haven't been washed, obviously. They also tend to lick all sorts of things that
01:06:00 aren't necessarily sanitary, like garbage, floors, or their own paws and stuff. As endearing as it
01:06:07 might be, try to remember this the next time your dog rushes to lick your face.
01:06:12 You know, we have many more senses than the classic five we've all heard about.
01:06:17 Sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Apart from these, we have at least four others.
01:06:24 We human mammals have proprioception, which is our ability to orient ourselves in space.
01:06:30 Then we have thermoception, which is our ability to estimate our own temperature
01:06:35 and figure out if we're hot or cold. We have equilibrioception, that's our sense of balance.
01:06:42 Lastly, we have interoception, or the sense of our own physiological condition. It's the sense
01:06:48 that allows us to figure out whether we're hungry or sleepy. Here's a cool party trick. Next time
01:06:54 someone talks to you about how we humans have five senses, barge in and say you have nine.
01:07:00 Before you start explaining what each of them does,
01:07:03 let them wonder if you're a superhero with supernatural powers.
01:07:07 Ah, the stage is set. You're in the spotlight, and everyone is looking at you. The piano's glossy
01:07:18 texture shines brightly in the light. You lay your fingers on the keys and start playing. Since you
01:07:25 have 20 fingers on each hand, you can hit multiple notes and make the sound richer. Each piano chord
01:07:31 can have extra octaves and additional notes now with 40 fingers on the piano. After you finish,
01:07:37 everyone stands up and claps for you. The sound of clapping is so loud since the palms are huge
01:07:43 to fit 20 fingers on each hand. Now you're in a boat in the middle of a lake, ready to go for a
01:07:48 swim. Your friend pushes you in and races you to the shore. Since you both have 20 fingers and toes
01:07:55 on each limb, it's easy to swim and paddle. They act like natural rudders. You beat 'em and make
01:08:01 it to shore. After that, you swim back to the boat, paddling with your hands and feet. After
01:08:07 swimming, you go for a hike and notice a nice wall to scale. You get your gear ready and place each
01:08:13 large palm on a nice fitting rock. Your grip is tight, and you hang on to many different rocks
01:08:19 that aren't the typical size of a 10-fingered rock. You manage to climb to the top and see
01:08:24 the breathtaking view of the countryside. An iron suit and a confident smile. Yep,
01:08:30 you're ready to nail that interview! You walk into the building like you own it and wait for
01:08:35 someone to escort you to the CEO's office. Everyone notices your confidence and smart look.
01:08:41 You're called in for your interview. You unleash your disarming smile and pop your suit up. You
01:08:47 enter the room and extend it for a sturdy handshake. With 20 fingers, you release a pressurized grip
01:08:53 that leaves the CEO impressed and eager to know more about you. You leave the building gleaming
01:09:00 with a winner's attitude, and it's not long before they call you back for another interview.
01:09:05 Ok, you've got this! 20 grocery bags in the trunk of your car and one trip. The road is long and has
01:09:12 lots of curves and hills. You stretch your fingers and crack your knuckles. You plan out the weight
01:09:18 distribution so you can have it evenly divided on each hand. With 20 fingers, you grip different
01:09:24 bags and hold 10 on each hand. It's heavy, but hey, think of it as a leg and shoulder workout!
01:09:31 You take them out of your trunk and make it quickly across the plain all the way to your house.
01:09:36 Success! In one trip, you managed to get all the bags except one. Oh wait, never mind! You put the
01:09:44 bag inside another bag before you left. But you do need to go back to your car and close the trunk.
01:09:50 After a long day at work, you need to meet up with a friend you haven't seen in a long time,
01:09:55 and you've been working way too hard today. On the way, you see a nail salon. You hop in for
01:10:01 a quick manicure. But with 20 fingers on each hand, it's like doing a treatment for two people.
01:10:06 Time is ticking, and you only have one hand done. Your friend calls you and tells you that she's
01:10:12 waiting for you at the coffee shop. On to your next hand. After a while, you finish and rush
01:10:18 to meet your friend. You're late, but at least you look good! You're attending a new tech launch
01:10:24 with dozens of people showcasing all the new products. Many of the phones are slightly larger
01:10:30 than phones suited for 10-fingers and two-handed people. The phones are large enough to be
01:10:34 considered mini-tablets. You pick up a sample phone and click away. Since you've got four thumbs,
01:10:41 typing on the keyboard is smooth and easy. The screen is long enough to be supported by the rest
01:10:46 of your fingers on each hand. You move over to the computers and see something interesting that
01:10:52 catches your eye – a laptop with a wide keyboard for your fingers to type effortlessly. You open a
01:10:58 file and type away. You're surprised at how easy it is to write a quick document. Too bad you have
01:11:05 to wait until it's officially launched so that you can get your hands on one of these bad boys!
01:11:10 You're at the gym warming up and getting ready for the next exercise. You enter a boxing ring
01:11:16 and practice sparring with a boxing bag. Since you have 20 fingers on each hand, each fist you lay on
01:11:23 it is stronger and louder than with a regular 10-finger fist. After each punch, you stretch
01:11:29 your body and continue sparring. You move on to other exercises to get ready for the big day.
01:11:34 You're in the forest practicing your bow and arrow aim. You line up two cans side by side.
01:11:40 And another two cans side by side. You take your bow and extend it backwards with 10 fingers on
01:11:48 each hand. You place two arrows neatly and let loose. You strike both cans with ease. Now let's
01:11:55 up the ante by adding four cans next to each other. You turn your bow sideways and retract
01:12:01 the arrows until there's enough pressure to release. You pull back and let the arrows fly off.
01:12:08 Another success! You knock out four cans without breaking a sweat! If you have 20 fingers on each
01:12:15 hand, then you'll need at least 7 or 8 bullseye targets next to each other. The bows will be long,
01:12:21 but keeping a good aim won't be so easy. After much concentration, you release the arrows and
01:12:27 hit all of them right in the middle. Having 50 fingers on each hand will alter the way you look
01:12:33 and walk. Your hands will be heavy, so you'll need a powerful set of arms to keep balance and
01:12:38 support your fingers. Everything will be large, including your phone and laptop. A guitar will
01:12:45 be designed to accommodate the number of fingers that can play around the fretboard. If a regular
01:12:50 guitar has 6 strings on the neck, then these monster guitars can have an easy 30 to 40!
01:12:56 The music won't be limited to human design and can achieve so much more. Every musical instrument
01:13:02 can be designed to suit the current physical conditions, like having 50 fingers on each hand,
01:13:07 like a trumpet, piano, harp, and saxophone. A three-piece band will sound like an orchestra,
01:13:14 and an orchestra will sound like, well, 5 orchestras. You're chilling at home playing
01:13:19 some video games with your friend. Each control is the size of a coffee table. A hand that can
01:13:24 support 50 fingers on each hand is no joke, so a controller is supported by a little stand pinned
01:13:31 to the ground. There are so many buttons and pad controls that it's easy to get lost just by
01:13:37 looking at it. You're playing a game of socket while controlling each player in the game
01:13:41 individually. With such power to move and coordinate 100 fingers in total, your brain
01:13:47 is larger than average, and your multitasking skills are on point. In the end, you beat him.
01:13:53 And after a rematch, he beats you. In the third game, you both hit a stalemate. You prepare a
01:14:00 high-five and slap his 50-finger palm with yours, producing sound waves that reach your neighbors
01:14:06 across the street. A lot of fingers on each hand means that tangible and ergonomic things have to
01:14:12 be a lot bigger than average. Going to a jewelry shop is a headache since you have to find the
01:14:18 right ring that fits any of the 50 fingers on each hand. Producing any glove is a multi-billion-dollar
01:14:24 industry since each glove costs so much to make. Drawing is also a challenge since holding a
01:14:30 regular-sized pen isn't easy to simply draw something. Each pen and stationary equipment
01:14:36 are 10 times bigger than what we have today and also cost a lot more to make than regular-sized
01:14:42 pens. Glasses of water are longer or fatter so that you can properly grip them. The hand is a
01:14:49 lot bigger, and the fingers go around the palm and resemble a sunflower. If you're hot, you can fan
01:14:56 yourself with your hand instead of a regular fan. It'll be easier to scoop up some sand if you're
01:15:01 building a sandcastle at the beach. With so much more space in your hand, you can make sand balls
01:15:07 and create a mega-sized castle super-fast. And if you're playing a game of snowballs,
01:15:13 then get ready to have cannonballs instead of normal-sized snowballs. Oh, that gets smart!
01:15:19 There are tons of people outside. You're making your way through the laughing, chatting,
01:15:24 shouting, and constantly moving crowd. It's a nice summer night, and it feels as if the
01:15:30 entire city has gone for a walk. You decide to take a shortcut through the park. You're already
01:15:36 near the lake when you trip, and the next thing you know, you're rolling downhill toward the water.
01:15:42 Luckily, you stop in time not to get soaked through. Time to estimate the damage. A bump
01:15:48 on your head, ice cream all over your clothes, hands, and face. Green spots left by the grass
01:15:54 on your sneakers. Oh, and dozens of people laughing at your clumsiness. Well, it could be worse.
01:16:01 You get to your feet and are about to climb the hill when the world around plunges into darkness.
01:16:08 Oh no! The fall must have been more serious than you first thought. Did you hit your head
01:16:13 hard enough to lose your eyesight? You calm down a bit when you hear people around screaming.
01:16:18 "What's going on?" "Is it a blackout?" "You can't see anything, not even the moon."
01:16:25 After a couple of very tense minutes, the light is back again. You and other people
01:16:31 laugh in relief. Nothing serious. You finally get back home. You're tired and still a bit
01:16:37 shaken after your fall. So you take a quick shower and put an ice pack on the bump on your head.
01:16:43 Soon, the ice falls to the floor. You're asleep. Beep, beep, beep. You try to make the alarm on
01:16:51 your phone stop, but only send your gadget to the floor. Groaning. You sit up in your bed.
01:16:57 Your head hurts. Supporting it with your hand, you get up and shuffle to the bathroom.
01:17:02 Something strange catches your eye in the hall, but you can't for the life of you understand what
01:17:07 it is. You switch on the light in the bathroom, getting mentally ready to see a huge purple spot
01:17:13 on your forehead. And... nothing. No, it's not that there are no marks on your face. The thing is,
01:17:21 your mirror is empty. Well, not exactly. It just doesn't reflect you. You giggle. It sounds
01:17:28 nervous. You come closer to the mirror. Nothing. You move farther away. Still nothing. Eh, must be
01:17:36 broken. That's when it hits you. Mirrors don't break. At least, not this way. If it doesn't
01:17:43 reflect you, something must be wrong with you. You've got two plausible theories. One, after
01:17:50 hitting your head, you fell into the lake and never got out. And now, you're a ghost. Two,
01:17:57 during the blackout, a vampire bit you. And everyone knows that vampires don't get reflected
01:18:02 in mirrors. You visibly shake yourself. What are you even thinking about? Neither ghosts nor
01:18:08 vampires exist. There must be something wrong with the reflective layer at the back. You try to look
01:18:15 behind the mirror, but only hit your nose against the glass. You run to the bedroom to check your
01:18:20 floor mirror. Empty. Three minutes later, you discover that no mirror in your apartment reflects
01:18:26 you. No one should find out, or I'll be locked up in a laboratory to the end of my days. You're
01:18:33 pacing your room when your phone starts ringing. It's your friend Nora. She sounds strange. Hey,
01:18:40 why don't you come to my place? I've already invited Nick and Allison. You thoroughly comb
01:18:47 your hair and examine your face with the tips of your fingers. Unfortunately, you don't know if
01:18:53 the bump on your forehead stands out. You put on a baseball cap, throw on your jacket, and leave
01:18:58 the apartment. The streets look deserted, to put it mildly. Instead of the usual morning crowds,
01:19:06 there are only a few people, and they look as if they're sneaking around. You're crossing a normally
01:19:11 busy road, and it hits you. There are almost no cars. Luckily, you manage to catch a cab.
01:19:19 When you get into the car, the driver adjusts the rearview mirror so that you can't see him.
01:19:25 Strange. At one point, you look in the mirror and notice a car driving behind your cab.
01:19:30 And it would be nothing special if there was a driver in that car, but the mirror you're looking
01:19:36 in claims the vehicle is moving on its own. So maybe this mirror invisibility isn't just your
01:19:43 problem. Once you're at your friend's house, you realize Nora not only sounds but also looks
01:19:50 strange. Her lipstick is smudged, and she's apparently done up the buttons on her shirt
01:19:55 the wrong way. It only confirms your suspicions. When your other friends come, they look no better.
01:20:02 Nick's hair is a mess. Allison has some toothpaste on her cheek. It seems as if each of you is trying
01:20:08 to behave nonchalantly but fail miserably. Nora gives Allison a pocket mirror. "Here,
01:20:15 you've got something on your face." But Allison suddenly jerks her hand away,
01:20:19 and the mirror falls to the floor. Surprisingly, it doesn't break. Instead, it just lies there,
01:20:26 reflecting nothing. Like, nothing at all. The surface of the mirror is blurry. Sometimes,
01:20:33 it seems to shimmer. But that's all. You all nearly jump out of your skin when the TV announces,
01:20:40 "Breaking news!" The presenter, her voice shaking, informs people that after the blackout the day
01:20:46 before, all mirrors stopped reflecting. At first, they didn't show people and other living beings.
01:20:53 But just an hour ago, they turned into broken TVs, just shimmering and flashing at random times.
01:21:01 After several moments of stunned silence, your friends start talking over each other.
01:21:06 The shocking news and all the noise make your head hurt even more. So, you just get up and leave.
01:21:12 What you see outside makes you stumble. You spot at least three car accidents. Several cyclists are
01:21:19 shouting at each other. A man is sitting on the sidewalk next to his fallen motorbike.
01:21:24 Side and rear-view mirrors have become useless all at once, and it's caused a wave of road
01:21:30 accidents all over the place. You get home and are about to enter the elevator. But when you
01:21:36 look inside, you see the large floor-to-ceiling mirror you used to like shimmer and flicker.
01:21:41 You shiver and take the stairs. In the morning, your mirror still doesn't reflect you. This makes
01:21:49 shaving a challenging and tricky task. In the end, you give up and decide to start growing a mustache
01:21:55 and beard. At that moment, you don't understand yet how the absence of mirrors will complicate
01:22:01 your life. Hairdressers and barbers are in extremely high demand. Makeup producers,
01:22:08 on the contrary, lose tons of money every day. Beauty products are no longer popular.
01:22:13 Applying makeup is so difficult these days that most people have given it up altogether.
01:22:19 With no mirrors around, most people have started to eat more and have gained a bit of extra weight.
01:22:25 They don't want to follow strict diets. Fewer and fewer people stress about their appearance.
01:22:30 They become more self-assured and begin to appreciate their personalities more.
01:22:35 Of course, almost no one risks driving without being able to see what's going on around.
01:22:41 Even if people do drive, they move extremely slowly. No wonder. You need to stick your head
01:22:47 out of the window all the time to make sure you won't cause an accident. Some drivers ask their
01:22:53 passengers to do this. In this case, their cars look quite funny, with a head sticking out of
01:22:59 every window. The main transport is now bicycles. People become fitter and healthier. The air is now
01:23:07 clean and fresh, without exhaust fumes from cars. Different devices that used mirrors,
01:23:13 like some kinds of telescopes, microscopes, and even street lights, don't work anymore.
01:23:18 Photographers can't use their reflex cameras with mirrors inside and have to get digital ones.
01:23:24 The number of selfies people take is growing at incredible speed. Without mirrors,
01:23:30 it's the only way to check what you look like. People also have more free time now. It comes as
01:23:36 a shock how much time the average person used to spend in front of mirrors. Scientists work day
01:23:43 and night to try to find a solution to this unexpected problem. They experiment with
01:23:47 different materials, trying to find something that would reflect the world as well as mirrors did.
01:23:52 Car manufacturers have changed their strategy. They have started to develop self-driving cars
01:23:58 that need neither mirrors nor a driver. They interact with other cars on the road,
01:24:03 and their passengers can simply relax in their seats and do whatever they want.
01:24:07 How are you dealing with this situation? Well, you've grown an amazing beard, and now you look
01:24:14 like a Viking. Thanks to lots of walking and cycling, you're muscled, suntanned,
01:24:19 and energetic. You definitely don't regret this whole mirror situation!
01:24:24 You know what, every species on the planet needs to adapt to the world around it to survive.
01:24:30 Human beings are no exception. We didn't exist millions of years ago.
01:24:38 The oldest skeleton of a modern person ever found is about 196,000 years old.
01:24:44 But even in this relatively short period of time, our species has evolved a lot. In fact,
01:24:51 we've never stopped evolving. At least, that's what some scientists think.
01:24:55 And some of our traits seem to prove it. About 20,000 years ago (I wasn't around then),
01:25:02 only children could drink milk without getting an upset stomach. But then humans domesticated
01:25:08 animals like cows and goats. A new gene developed in people's bodies down the generations.
01:25:13 Today, about a third of all the world's population can drink milk in adulthood. In fact, this ability
01:25:21 actually developed independently among different groups of people all over the planet.
01:25:26 Our jaws are also not as big as the ones our extinct relatives had. They got smaller because
01:25:32 our soft, processed food is nothing like the diet of our ancestors. Our teeth themselves have become
01:25:38 smaller too, and some have even disappeared completely. Plenty of people may never develop
01:25:43 third molars, known as wisdom teeth. But for our ancestors, these teeth were vital. Third molars
01:25:50 usually develop when someone is 18 to 25 years old. By this time, most of our ancestors' teeth
01:25:56 had become worn out, so the third molars were possibly replacements. But some slight changes
01:26:02 in human anatomy may have nothing to do with evolution. For example, people have generally
01:26:08 gotten taller over the past few hundred years. The most likely cause of this is simply better
01:26:13 nutrition, as well as access to modern medical care. And perhaps, basketball.
01:26:18 But what changes await humanity in the future? Of course, nobody can tell for sure.
01:26:24 But the experts do have some interesting theories. One possibility is that we could get shorter as
01:26:31 we adapt to life on our overpopulated planet. Studies have shown that shorter people consume
01:26:37 a lot less energy and resources than taller people. In the era of hunter-gatherers, humans
01:26:43 didn't meet many others in their day-to-day lives. Now, people have to adapt to life in densely
01:26:49 populated cities. And who knows, maybe given enough time, our genes will respond to this change
01:26:56 and reduce the average person's height. Another possibility is that more and more
01:27:01 people will look alike. Modern humans travel a lot. As different types of people interact
01:27:09 and have children, our genes are becoming more and more mixed up. In the future, this might make
01:27:15 some physical characteristics a lot more unusual. The average-looking person might have darker skin
01:27:20 and hair, and traits like freckles or blue eyes could become a rarity.
01:27:24 Some scientists think that evolution won't play an important role in our future at all.
01:27:30 Unlike our ancestors who lived millions of years ago, we now have a very advanced culture based on
01:27:38 cooperation and modern technology. So, we no longer need to literally struggle to survive.
01:27:44 Because of this, we may actually stop developing as a species and remain pretty much the same
01:27:50 far into the future. If our evolution does continue, though, there's a chance we'll become
01:27:55 more complex and intelligent creatures. Because of technological progress, the way we deal with
01:28:01 problems could depend more on our intelligence than our physical abilities. So, our brains might
01:28:08 become larger. This may already be happening. I know mine is getting bigger. Some scientists'
01:28:14 measurements show that the skulls of Americans are actually getting bigger on average. The room
01:28:19 in there for the brain has increased about the size of a tennis ball. Or maybe the opposite will
01:28:24 happen, and our brains will shrink. This direction of development has actually been around for a lot
01:28:29 longer. Some people think that the male human brain has been getting smaller for the past 20,000
01:28:35 years. Hey, just ask females. If it continues to decrease at the same rate for the next 20,000,
01:28:42 it'll end up being the same size as the brain of an archaic human who lived about 2 million years
01:28:48 ago. Wait, does that mean we're becoming less intelligent? Well, a bigger brain doesn't always
01:28:54 mean greater intellect. We just might be evolving to have smaller but super-efficient brains.
01:29:00 Another theory is that our bodies might learn to use calories from fast food. Things like pizza,
01:29:06 fries, and donuts contain trans fats. These chemicals are difficult for our bodies to digest.
01:29:12 But what if humans of the future somehow adapt to this kind of food, if we eat it for long enough?
01:29:19 After all, the same process has already happened with milk. In a few thousand years, people may
01:29:25 develop genes that can break down trans fats and absorb something healthy from them. If they still
01:29:31 enjoy eating burgers and fries, of course. People of the future might have less hair than we do
01:29:39 today. Hair was vital for our ancestors. It helped regulate their body temperature,
01:29:44 keeping them warm in cold climates and cool in hot environments. Even today, we still have
01:29:50 practically the same amount of hair as many apes do. But some scientists have pointed out that our
01:29:56 hair is nowhere near as important to our survival as it once was. Since we now have modern heating
01:30:03 systems and clothing for any environment, maybe given enough time, we'll become a lot less hairy.
01:30:08 Ay-yi-yi, about 6% of people can vibrate and rapidly shake their eyeballs back and forth.
01:30:15 It doesn't mean something's not right with their eyes, it's just a unique trick they can perform.
01:30:20 Good at parties, I suppose. Your bones are designed to be used a lot daily,
01:30:25 and some of them can absorb 2 or even 3 times your body weight. That's impressive, but your teeth are
01:30:31 even stronger. When you bite something, the teeth can exert incredible pressure, up to 200 pounds.
01:30:37 By the way, the enamel is considered to be part of your skeletal system.
01:30:41 Your stomach has a pretty incredible capacity, being able to hold up to half a gallon of liquid,
01:30:47 a whole large bottle of coke. It's pretty hard to estimate how much hard food you can squeeze
01:30:52 into your stomach since the food is processed with your teeth before it gets inside. There's
01:30:57 definitely not enough room for a turkey, but a good-sized chicken will probably fit it.
01:31:02 Whenever you rotate your hand, the bones inside it actually intersect. Grab your hand and verify
01:31:08 it. Not very useful. Now, show me where your stomach is. If you're pointing at your tummy,
01:31:14 sorry, but it's wrong. It's up here, hidden between your ribs.
01:31:19 Fun fact about bones. You know that your body is about 60% water, right? What's new here is that
01:31:25 your bones are in this too. About 25% of the human bone mass is made up of water.
01:31:30 Scientists believe that the appendix isn't here to stay. Nobody really knows why we need it,
01:31:36 but some researchers claim it helped our ancestors process the tree bark they were eating.
01:31:42 As it's no longer part of our daily diet, the appendix can disappear from our bodies without
01:31:46 any consequences. A human eye has some resemblance to a car engine. They both need various liquids
01:31:53 to perform properly. An engine needs gasoline, and an eye needs tears. In order to work well,
01:31:59 the tears should be thoroughly distributed all over the eye. That's why we blink up to
01:32:03 20,000 times a day. So, a lid is a bit of a windshield washer. Almost all of our body is
01:32:10 covered with hairs, even if we don't notice them. They grow even in the belly button. Their purpose
01:32:15 is to catch lint. The only part of the human body that doesn't get any nutrients from blood
01:32:20 is the cornea of the eye. Instead, it's fed by tears and fluid in the front of your eyes.
01:32:26 If you never knew you had a personal bodyguard, look deeper. Your liver is your security guard,
01:32:33 protecting you from toxins and many other things you don't want to have.
01:32:36 It's also pretty indestructible and can even regenerate.
01:32:40 When you blush, it means there's an increased blood flow in your body. Not only do your cheeks
01:32:45 get somewhat red, but your stomach lining too. It's because it has plenty of blood vessels,
01:32:51 and when there's more blood than usual, it turns red. Only about 43% of you is actually you. You're
01:32:58 over 50% tiny little creatures that mainly live in your gut and other body parts without ever
01:33:04 leaving it. Still, even though your own cells are fewer than microbial ones, there are, on average,
01:33:10 about 100 trillion of them in you. Let's count 'em. You start.
01:33:14 Your stomach has a lining replaced every 3-4 days. That's done to stop it from eating itself.
01:33:21 The digestive acids we've got can be pretty damaging. One thing that surely rests while
01:33:26 you're sleeping is your nose. You just won't smell anything nasty in your sleep.
01:33:31 The thing is that your sense of smell basically deactivates at night. If there's some really
01:33:36 terrible smell in your bedroom, you won't even be bothered. We can accidentally digest small
01:33:41 objects, such as plastic items, glass, coins, and many other small objects. They pass their way
01:33:47 through the digestive tract within 48 hours. Really. Just trust me on this one. You have
01:33:52 better things to do. Scientists used to believe we could distinguish about 10,000 smells. Nope.
01:33:58 Recent research showed that people were able to distinguish more than a trillion smells.
01:34:03 We also remember them better than anything else, and smells can even evoke some distant memories.
01:34:09 We can digest tiny quantities of plastic, but the human digestive system can't really bear
01:34:15 grass. Grazing animals have special teeth and several stomachs to process raw leaves and grass,
01:34:21 while we have none of that stuff. But don't feel bad! Among mammals, only humans can always walk
01:34:27 on two hind limbs and keep that posture for their entire lives. You might object that kangaroos or
01:34:33 gorillas move in the same way, but the roos use their tail as a third leg, and gorillas use the
01:34:38 help of their long arms to keep balance. The stomach is the most important defender of the
01:34:43 immune system. Hydrochloric acid in our stomach kills dangerous food toxins, viruses, and bacteria
01:34:50 that get in there with the food you eat. This acid can digest even the stomach itself, but the mucus
01:34:56 membrane protects it. Body fat isn't just a nuisance. It acts as insulation material, energy
01:35:02 reserve, and shock absorber. Your body sends the most fat into your waist region because that's
01:35:07 where your internal organs are. If something happens to you, this layer of fat might as well
01:35:12 protect your vitals from irreparable damage. We've got two really fast muscles. They control
01:35:18 the eyelid closely. These are the fastest muscles in our body. Eyes are fragile and need protection.
01:35:24 That's why, when the reflex is triggered, these muscles shut the eyes within about 100 milliseconds.
01:35:30 That's not more than 0.1 second. We recognize only purple-blue, green-yellow, and yellow-red
01:35:36 colors. Everything else is a combination of these three. It's impossible to calculate how many of
01:35:42 these combinations the human eye sees because every person has slight visual differences,
01:35:47 but it's about 1 million combinations on average. Now, even if you brush your teeth twice a day,
01:35:53 and never forget about mouthwash, your mouth still stays one of the dirtiest parts of the
01:35:58 human body. Ew. Millions of bacteria live inside it. The good news is that most of these bacteria
01:36:04 are good for the body and protect it from bad bacteria and viruses. The second dirtiest place
01:36:10 is the belly button, and it's probably because it's the first ignored place. The thing is,
01:36:16 we don't really use them after we're born, so this forlorn area accumulates all kinds of germs,
01:36:22 sweat, and dirt. The belly button has over 2,300 bacterial species, and it does need
01:36:28 extra attention. Your dog doesn't actually have a stronger sense of smell than you do.
01:36:34 People often talk about how dogs have a superior sense of smell, and this probably started when
01:36:40 a researcher from the 19th century, Paul Broca, marked humans as non-smellers. No one ever provided
01:36:47 sensory testing to support this theory, but people still believed in it for a long time.
01:36:52 The truth is, different types of animals can identify different kinds of scents.
01:36:57 There was an experiment done where human volunteers needed to track a scent. Researchers dipped twine
01:37:04 in chocolate essence and then zigzagged it all across a grassy field. Volunteers weren't allowed
01:37:11 to use other senses. For example, they were earmuffed and blindfolded. They even wore thick
01:37:17 gloves and knee pads. The conclusion they came to is that while we are not as effective as dogs,
01:37:24 we can follow a scent trail and become way better if we practice. Interestingly, humans are more
01:37:31 sensitive to certain smells compared to dogs, like fruit or flowers. This is because the evolution
01:37:38 of dogs didn't require them to sharpen their sense of smell for these types of odors.
01:37:42 A TV screen won't ruin your eyesight. At least, there's no evidence that looking at a TV screen
01:37:49 can really hurt your eyes. It's the same for phone or computer screens. Looking at them may lead to
01:37:55 eye strain or fatigue, but in most cases, it's nothing you can't ease with proper rest. That
01:38:02 doesn't mean watching TV or staring at your phone for too long doesn't have negative consequences
01:38:07 in other parts of your life, like reduced concentration and lack of socialization,
01:38:13 among many other things. Being able to roll your tongue is not really a genetic trait,
01:38:19 even though biology teachers often say this "gift" is based on a dominant gene.
01:38:23 There was a study that showed 7 out of 33 twins who didn't actually share this feature. Identical
01:38:31 twins share the same genes, which implies that they should share this trait too. But they don't,
01:38:37 which means genes are most likely not the factor that decides if you'll be able to roll your tongue.
01:38:43 And this myth still exists, even though it was debunked over 6 decades ago.
01:38:48 You're going to catch a cold if you go outside with wet hair is yet another myth. To actually
01:38:55 catch a cold, we need to have a virus inside of our body. Also, wet hair is not something that
01:39:02 makes you more attractive to the various germs lurking around you. People mostly believe this
01:39:07 is true because they a) heard it from their parents and b) associate going outside with
01:39:14 your hair being wet with getting sick because you're generally more exposed to germs when
01:39:19 you're outside. There are no truly double-jointed people. Some individuals have certain parts of
01:39:25 their bodies that are very flexible, so they can, for example, touch their chin with their elbow
01:39:30 or bend their fingers backward. We often call these people double-jointed, like the secret is
01:39:36 in them having an extra hinge somewhere. Well, it's not true. They have single joints, but they
01:39:43 may have bones with oddly-shaped ends, or their connective tissue may be very pliable. It seems
01:39:50 the appendix, as in the organ, is useful after all, despite its poor reputation as a useless
01:39:56 intestinal tube that pretty much goes nowhere. It seems the appendix is actually a reservoir for
01:40:03 bacteria, but a good and helpful one. It stores microbes that assist our body when it's fighting
01:40:09 certain problems and illnesses. In the early stage of our life, the appendix also helped us with the
01:40:15 process of forming white blood cells, together with certain types of antibodies. Hey, do you
01:40:21 know where the stomach is? Sounds easy, right? But it's probably not where you think. Most people
01:40:27 believe it lurks somewhere in the area behind the belly button. In reality, it's a bit higher in the
01:40:33 abdomen, sitting on top of the rest of the gut. Here's how you can find it. Look for the point
01:40:39 where your lower ribs meet in the middle. Now go down approximately three finger widths, and then
01:40:45 three to your left. Now you're supposed to be right over the center of your stomach.
01:40:49 You don't have taste sections on your tongue. The tongue map probably showed up at the beginning
01:40:56 of the 20th century because scientists found minute differences in how strong a taste had
01:41:01 to be in different areas inside the human mouth to actually register. This study created a myth
01:41:08 that each part of the tongue was responsible for different tastes. In reality, all types of taste
01:41:14 buds are spread across all areas of your mouth, and they can detect each taste. This includes
01:41:20 umami, too, which is now accepted along with the usual four – sweet, salty, bitter, and sour.
01:41:27 The king cobra, black widow, giant hornet, scorpion, and the horsefly. They can all bite,
01:41:35 sting, and inject venom into your body. It usually hurts. You experience burning sensations.
01:41:41 Your body might react unpredictably. But if you hurry, doctors will help you.
01:41:46 The bite site will hurt for a few days, but then you'll forget about it. But what if you get a
01:41:53 sting that you can never forget, caused by a plant that looks absolutely unremarkable?
01:41:59 You may not even notice touching it, but your body will react immediately.
01:42:04 Just being near this plant can cause choking and coughing. Your eyes will start watering.
01:42:11 But if you accidentally touch it, well, the pain will last for several days,
01:42:16 weeks, months, or several years. Even after a long time, this unpleasant feeling can return
01:42:22 at unexpected moments. You'll remember coming across this plant for the rest of your life,
01:42:28 that's for sure. And this is not a cactus with sharp needles I'm talking about.
01:42:34 Neither is it poison ivy. At first glance, this is an ordinary green bush with broad leaves.
01:42:40 The good news is that this plant only grows in particular areas in Australia.
01:42:45 It's called the Gimpy Gimpy. Gold miners discovered it in 1860
01:42:50 near the town of Gimpy. And most likely, it was an unpleasant find.
01:42:56 Before you go to the forest to search for this plant, you need to put on a protective mask.
01:43:01 And you'd better opt for a gas mask or respirator, thick clothes, and sturdy boots.
01:43:07 Tuck your pant legs inside your boots, wear protective gloves, and you're all set.
01:43:12 You don't have to go far into the wild. This plant grows on the edge of the forest,
01:43:16 next to streams. You pass by some trees and come closer to the water.
01:43:23 Here in a dense thicket, you notice this dangerous bush. It can grow up to 10 feet tall.
01:43:29 And its dark green heart-shaped leaves with jagged edges can grow up to a foot and a half wide.
01:43:35 This plant can easily be confused with nettle or burdock. The only thing that can help identify
01:43:41 Gimpy Gimpy is a thin layer of fluff covering its leaves. It's like it's encouraging you to
01:43:48 stroke it. But don't fall into this trap. This is not fluff. It's tiny toxic hairs.
01:43:55 They're not only on the leaves, but also fly around the plant. If you remove your gas mask,
01:44:00 you'll feel as if ground pepper has got into your nose.
01:44:03 You'll have an uncontrollable sneezing fit. Your nose will itch. It'll become difficult to breathe.
01:44:12 Your tongue will swell. Your eyes will feel as if they're on fire. And if you stay there for
01:44:17 some time, this plant will seriously damage your health. For many years, the Gimpy Gimpy caused
01:44:25 huge problems to loggers and hunters. Even when they knew about its existence, they often
01:44:30 accidentally touched it while working. This was enough to make people sick for several weeks.
01:44:36 There were cases where sting sites hurt for decades.
01:44:38 One man said he felt pain for two years after touching the plant.
01:44:45 He experienced extremely unpleasant sensations every time he took a cold shower.
01:44:50 People compare this feeling to the sting of 30 wasps simultaneously.
01:44:55 And the worst thing is that doctors can hardly help in this situation.
01:44:59 Even an old dried leaf lying on the ground presents a serious danger. You can drop your
01:45:06 phone or glove, try to pick it up, and accidentally touch the Gimpy Gimpy leaf.
01:45:11 To study it, you need to use a pair of tweezers to take a leaf and put it in a vacuum-sealed
01:45:17 container. Done! Now you can transport your sample to the laboratory and reveal its secrets.
01:45:23 The Gimpy Gimpy is one of the six species of stinging trees native to Australia.
01:45:30 It grows in the sun, surrounded by other plants. And, most surprisingly, there are holes in its
01:45:36 leaves. But before we find out what creatures feed on one of the most dangerous plants in the world,
01:45:42 let's study its poison.
01:45:44 The bush is covered with tiny hairs. And even one of these hairs can cause big problems.
01:45:51 It's so thin and small that it can penetrate your skin and stay there for several months,
01:45:56 or even years. Water doesn't wash it out. It only enhances the effect of the poison.
01:46:04 A tip of the hair opens up when it comes into contact with some surface.
01:46:08 Then it injects a potent toxin. After that, you feel a burning sensation.
01:46:14 Half an hour later, the feeling gets worse. Your skin starts pulsating and turns red.
01:46:20 You never know how long the effect is going to last.
01:46:22 It all depends on the number of hairs you've come into contact with.
01:46:26 But what precisely is this toxin? How can it cause so many problems?
01:46:33 Scientists still don't know for sure. They can't say which components of the poison cause the
01:46:38 burning. The effect of the toxin lasts for a long time. High or cold temperatures don't stop it.
01:46:47 After a few years, you can put pressure on the affected spot and feel that the poisonous hairs
01:46:52 are still there. Pluck one leaf and throw it on the ground. Then come back a hundred years later
01:46:59 and touch this leaf. You'll feel the unpleasant sting again. The botanical samples of the Gimpy
01:47:05 Gimpy still remain dangerous in many laboratories. With such toxic leaves, Gimpy Gimpy may be the
01:47:13 most protected plant in the world. But some creatures still feed on its poisonous leaves.
01:47:19 So when someone is lying, their nose gives it away. And no, it does not grow longer.
01:47:28 You haven't seen mine. It turns out that when a person lies, the temperature around their nose,
01:47:34 as well as the inner corners of their eyes, rises. So imagine you're on a first date,
01:47:40 and the person tells you something hard to believe. You whip out your thermometer and
01:47:44 take the temperature of their nose. Then they take your temperature, and back and forth it goes all
01:47:49 night long. Actually, there are better things to do, but I'm not going to spoil it for you.
01:47:56 Women's hearts beat faster than men's. The average male's heart rate is between 70 and
01:48:01 72 beats per minute. At the same time, the average for women is between 78 and 82 beats.
01:48:08 This is because women's hearts are generally smaller than men's. The female heart pumps
01:48:14 less blood with each beat, so it needs to work a little harder to keep up with the male's.
01:48:19 Your lungs are one of the largest organs in your body. Their total surface area is almost the same
01:48:26 as a tennis court. And the total length of the airways running through them is similar to the
01:48:31 distance from Chicago to Las Vegas. And all this manages to fit inside your body.
01:48:37 Now, nerve impulses your brain sense travels at a speed of around 170 mph. That's as fast as a high
01:48:45 speed train. The amount of food consumed by the average human in their lifetime weighs as much as
01:48:52 8 Asian elephants. It's unsurprising that we spend around 4 years of our life eating.
01:48:59 Ooh, tongue twister! 8 Asian elephants, 8 Asian elephants.
01:49:02 Now, we shed our skin as it's actually food for fungi, bacteria, and other stuff we definitely
01:49:09 want to stay away from. We get rid of around 600,000 particles of skin every hour. That's
01:49:16 why they call me dusty. Your eyes get their color from a pigment called melanin. Brown-eyed people
01:49:24 have more melanin than those with green eyes. The blood in your body travels 4 mph, and it
01:49:31 reaches your brain in just a few seconds. Some people can hear the sounds of their eyeballs
01:49:36 moving. It's a rare condition called canal dehiscence syndrome. It causes every single
01:49:43 sound inside the body to be amplified. One man described it as "hearing his eyes scratching
01:49:49 like sandpaper every time they moved in their sockets." Wow, then I guess watching a tennis
01:49:54 match must get really loud. When you see a person smiling at you, you know how it feels,
01:50:01 which can make you do the same. The same is with yawning. It's also some sort of unconscious way
01:50:09 our brain makes social bonds with others that are yawning. Wisdom teeth used to have an important
01:50:15 role. They were the third set of molars we used to mash meat and other firm food in our mouths.
01:50:20 When our brains got bigger and we started eating softer food, jawbone structure changed, which
01:50:27 means we didn't need wisdom teeth anymore. And that's why we've dumbed down. Nah, that's not why.
01:50:34 When you're awake, your brain produces electricity. The actual amount is between 15 to 25
01:50:40 watts. That's enough to power an LED light. The electricity comes from the brain delivering
01:50:46 millions of messages around the body every single second. These messages are how your brain tells
01:50:51 your arms to move, for example. Think of your body as a super-speedy highway for electrical signals.
01:50:59 Your teeth are the only part of your body that can't repair itself. That's why dentists were
01:51:04 created. But the enamel they're covered with is one of the toughest things in the human body.
01:51:09 Now scientists have noticed that people with bigger pupils are better at problem-solving.
01:51:15 Bigger-pupil-ed individuals (yes, that is a legit word) can also focus better and ignore distractions.
01:51:22 Even their memory is sharper. We don't know the reasons for the phenomenon yet,
01:51:27 but many people think it's because the pupil is linked to a spot in the brain that initiates your
01:51:33 mental abilities. What? Humans can use echolocation just like whales or bats. Some blind people can
01:51:41 get information about their surroundings in some sort of flashes in 3D perspective,
01:51:46 and have a strong sense of texture and density. They get information with sound waves. Our brains
01:51:52 process those differently than light waves. Echolocation uses certain brain parts sighted
01:51:58 people use for vision. Wow, this guy has gained international fame for its, uh, not-so-attractive
01:52:05 looks. But it was an unfair competition. I'm talking about the one and only blobfish. This
01:52:12 thing was once on display in an aquarium, looking like a gloopy, slimy, well, blob.
01:52:18 But underwater in its natural habitat, it looks like any other normal fish. It's a deep-sea
01:52:24 dweller living off the coast of Australia. The blobfish thrives at around 3,000 feet below the
01:52:29 surface. At those depths, the pressure is 120 times higher than what you and I are used to.
01:52:36 In fact, only robust submarines can go that deep. This droopy creature doesn't have a skeleton or
01:52:42 much muscle. Instead, it has jelly-like flesh to combat the extreme underwater pressure.
01:52:48 You also won't find a great white shark in any aquarium you go to. In the past, many have tried
01:52:55 adding great whites along other sharks in their tanks, but it never worked out. They'd stop eating
01:53:01 and even struggle to swim. Doesn't make for great business either. It's too costly to keep the great
01:53:07 white because a large enough tank will need millions of gallons of water. These fish don't
01:53:12 like staying in one area for long. They prefer open waters where they can swim vast distances.
01:53:18 We haven't seen one in captivity since the 1970s.
01:53:21 The saola, better known as the Asian unicorn, was just discovered in 1992. It lives on the slopes
01:53:30 of the Annamite Mountains between Laos and Vietnam. It looks like an antelope, but genetic tests show
01:53:36 it's more closely related to cows. The saola is one of the rarest large mammals in the world.
01:53:43 Surveys estimate there are just 70 to 750 left in the wild. Yeah, that's a pretty big range.
01:53:49 Experts can't get a more specific number because they're impossible to spy. Only two have been
01:53:55 caught and studied. On to the unicorns of the sea – narwhals. There are more than 80,000 of
01:54:02 these creatures, but they're still near-threatened. They've got long narrow tusks protruding from
01:54:08 their heads. This unicorn-like tusk is actually a tooth that can grow up to 10 feet! They belong
01:54:14 to the whale family, but unlike their relatives, they don't migrate. Narwhals spend their lives
01:54:19 in the Arctic waters of Greenland, Canada, Norway, and Russia. They live up to 50 years in the wild,
01:54:26 but they can't make it in captivity. So, if you want to see one in real life,
01:54:30 the zoo isn't the place to look. Unlike other creatures on the list,
01:54:35 swallows are very common. You might recognize this pretty bird from those gorgeous blue feathers
01:54:40 running from their head to tail. Even though they're one of the most widespread species,
01:54:46 they're not suited for zoos. They eat on the fly, literally, and catch their food in the air,
01:54:52 which is why they only feed on flying insects. They need to live in large aviary structures
01:54:57 with plenty of flying room, and most zoos can't provide that.
01:55:01 You'll find plenty of lowland gorillas in captivity. The same can't be said about
01:55:07 mountain gorillas. These apes have longer hair, and they're more grayish than brown.
01:55:12 There are only about 1,000 of them in the wild, making them an endangered species.
01:55:16 Mountain gorillas usually spend a quarter of their day eating. Back in the 60s and 70s,
01:55:23 there were many attempts to catch them and start a captive population. But it was impossible. They
01:55:29 might not do well in enclosed environments because of their particular dietary needs. Without those,
01:55:34 the gorillas' health declined noticeably. Another issue could've been stress. Now,
01:55:40 there aren't any mountain gorillas in any facility. Diving back into the water,
01:55:46 we have the giant squid. A behemoth that inspired lore of the kraken, this creature remains a
01:55:53 mystery to scientists. Their inhospitable deep-sea environment has made them hard to study.
01:55:59 The only research scientists could do was from rare specimens that washed up on the shore.
01:56:04 In 2004, researchers in Japan snapped the first pic of a live giant squid. Two years later,
01:56:11 they managed to bring one up to the surface. Because they live so deep in the sea, their eyes
01:56:17 are the size of a beach ball. They can see things in the darkest places of the ocean where other
01:56:22 creatures would struggle to see anything at all. To this day, the giant squid has never been caught
01:56:28 or kept in captivity to be studied in full. Next, we've got the rarest large mammal on
01:56:34 the planet – the Javan rhino. Less than 70 are left, and they all live in a national park on
01:56:41 the island of Java, Indonesia. Of the 5 total rhino species, they're the most endangered one.
01:56:47 Scientists aren't sure how long they live, but guess somewhere between 30 to 40 years.
01:56:53 The area where they live is vulnerable to tsunamis, and they're also close to many
01:56:57 active volcanoes. If any of them erupts, the Javan rhino could go extinct.
01:57:02 Now, a creature you've probably never heard of is the indri. The Madagascar native is a unique
01:57:10 primate that relies on trees to move around and feed. They live 15 to 18 years in the wild,
01:57:16 but in captivity, some barely made it one year. Probably because they don't do so well with stress
01:57:22 and disturbance. Experts believe their diet is so specific that it can't be replicated in captivity.
01:57:29 They also notice the animals don't reproduce when they're taken out of the wild.
01:57:34 The pink fairy armadillo doesn't have wings or do magic, but it's still an adorable little
01:57:40 animal with a pinkish shell that acts like a living radiator. It's the smallest of all
01:57:45 armadillos, and it spends its entire life using its bulky front claws to burrow through the Earth,
01:57:52 mostly at night. It can hardly be spotted, let alone caught, and that's why scientists haven't
01:57:57 been able to study this fellow very much. And you'll only find it in central Argentina.
01:58:03 Even though rare bugs are popular in zoos, one you'll never see is the giraffe weevil.
01:58:09 Why the name? It has an extraordinarily long neck that helps the bug build its nest. No latter
01:58:15 needed. They spend most of their time feeding on the leaves of a single tree species dubbed in
01:58:20 their honor – the giraffe beetle tree. There's another insect species called the giraffe weevil
01:58:26 in New Zealand, but funny enough, it's an entirely different species.
01:58:33 Straight from the deepest part of the Earth comes the Mariana snailfish. It thrives at 26,000 feet
01:58:40 below. It's almost as high as planes fly – only the opposite direction, of course. The pressure
01:58:46 at such depths is so intense, it feels like an elephant is standing on your toe. Thus,
01:58:52 it just couldn't make it in the shallower waters of an aquarium.
01:58:57 Another deep-sea lover is the Dumbo octopus. It lives 13,000 feet below the surface. At those
01:59:04 depths, it rarely feels threatened. So, this little cutie doesn't have an ink sac like other octopuses,
01:59:10 which use theirs for protection to get away from enemies. It belongs to the family of
01:59:15 umbrella octopuses. You can see its arms are connected by a web of skin, giving it an umbrella-like
01:59:21 appearance when swimming around. Not many people have seen a Dumbo octopus, but it isn't an
01:59:27 endangered species. Nobody can go that deep to mess with this guy!
01:59:31 Lastly, one of the most critical factors for deciding if an animal can survive in an aquarium
01:59:38 is their size. When it comes to blue whales, unless an aquarium is the size of the ocean,
01:59:44 that's a no-go. And an animal that big needs tons of food – no aquarium could ever afford it.
01:59:51 It's an endangered species with less than 25,000 left. These marine mammals migrate over thousands
01:59:57 of miles. To cover such vast distances, a blue whale can actually sleep while it's swimming.
02:00:03 But it's never entirely unconscious. It lightly naps while cruising through the water. That's a big boy!
02:00:10 That's it for today, so – hey! – if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and
02:00:17 share it with your friends. Or if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright

Recommended

1:00
Up next
NY To London In 3.5 hours? Meet Boom Supersonic's 'Overture' Aircraft
Space.com
0:57
Comet Leonard's Tail Wiggling In NASA Satellite Footage
Space.com
1:24
Watch How ESA Juice Spacecraft's Antenna Was Released From The Mounting Bracket
Space.com
0:24
Comfortable Orange Kitty Splays Out
SSSniperWolf
0:17
Wild Winds at the Waterpark
SSSniperWolf
5:15
What If You Were Attacked By A Giant Squid? | Squid Attack | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz
Peekaboo
6:16
Who Invented Telephone? | Invention of Telephone | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz
Peekaboo
5:57
Pearl Formation | How Do Oysters Make Pearls? | The Dr Binocs Show | Peekaboo Kidz
Peekaboo
8:59
Oxygen on Mars Acts Like Something Is Breathing
Bright Side
8:10
Mystery of Antarctica’s Bizarre Doorway Finally Solved
Bright Side
9:24
What’s Hiding at the South Pole That Keeps Planes Away?
Bright Side
9:09
No One Expected What King Tut’s Mask Was Hiding
Bright Side
11:05
15 Brain-Twisting Riddles to Keep Your Mind in Top Shape
Bright Side
3:55:42
Cities Underwater by 2050 and Other Fascinating Facts
Bright Side
4:03:17
Giant Asteroid Is Coming And Space Facts Are Even Wilder
Bright Side
3:08:18
A Ship Lost for Decades Found in Antarctica
Bright Side
3:52:29
You Lose Brain Matter All the Time // 150 Wild Body Facts
Bright Side
3:08:12
Cool Facts That Will Keep 2025 Anything But Boring
Bright Side
2:57:51
Bizarre Discovery in a Sewer // History’s Strangest Finds
Bright Side
9:23
No Animals Ever Pass This Invisible Border, Here's Why
Bright Side
11:21
15+ Riddles That Will Stretch Your Thinking Muscle
Bright Side
9:31
We Can Call the Moon Now – It’s Getting 4G
Bright Side
4:02:20
New Findings That Shattered What We Thought Was True
Bright Side
8:21
Tiny Black Holes Are Passing Through Our Bodies
Bright Side
9:11
Solve These 7 Riddles Or Stay Confused Forever
Bright Side