Les Faits Animaux Les Plus Fous Que Vous N'avez Jamais Entendus

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Transcript

00:00:00 I have some great news for you, rats are ticklish, at least that was news for me.

00:00:07 Anyway, they have what we call a "laughter center" in their middle brain,

00:00:12 and they activate when someone tickles their animals or when they go to fun and playful activities.

00:00:18 Researchers discovered this in 2016 after tickling the stomach of rodents and listening to their little high squeaks.

00:00:26 Calibras are the only birds we knew that could fly backwards.

00:00:31 They do it mainly when they want to get away from the flowers.

00:00:34 And here is an animal that is unable to retreat, the kangaroo.

00:00:38 They can jump and travel long distances,

00:00:41 but the structure of their powerful hind legs and their large tails prevents them from walking backwards.

00:00:46 Narwhals are these strange creatures that look like some kind of sea unicorns.

00:00:53 This horn on their head is not a defense,

00:00:57 it is a huge tooth that comes out through the upper lip of the male narwhals.

00:01:01 This tooth probably plays a role in their nuptial parade.

00:01:05 Pink flamingos are not really pink, they are born gray.

00:01:09 But during their life, they eat a lot of algae and other foods containing a red-orange pigment that we know as beta-carotene.

00:01:17 This pigment is decomposed and ends up in their skin and feathers,

00:01:22 which makes them pink.

00:01:24 They must eat a lot of these foods to stay that way.

00:01:27 If we humans wanted to change the color of our skin,

00:01:31 we would not be able to eat enough rich beta-carotene foods to become really pink,

00:01:36 or, in our case, completely orange.

00:01:40 The lazy ones are really slow, all the jokes and references to their subject are true.

00:01:48 But they are also very skilled swimmers, and they move in the water 3 to 4 times faster than on land.

00:01:55 They can do the breaststroke just like humans.

00:01:57 And it's an important skill for them, because they are tropical animals, mainly living in the jungle.

00:02:03 And these areas are often flooded.

00:02:05 Tigers are the largest members of the feline family.

00:02:08 And yes, even bigger than lions.

00:02:11 Then, no tiger has the same stripes.

00:02:14 Their fur is actually a camouflage, which is useful when they need to find the ideal spot where their prey will not see them.

00:02:22 It is interesting to note that their skin is also striped, not just their fur.

00:02:27 And their stripes are as unique as our fingerprints.

00:02:31 Even if they look rather innocent and funny, you would not want to disturb a rhino.

00:02:38 These wild animals are part of the few species of mammals capable of poisoning you.

00:02:43 They have ergot on the ends of their hind legs that can release venom.

00:02:48 They are not societs, powerful enough to be deadly, but it still can be very painful and cause a lot of trouble as well as other problems.

00:02:56 When a coccinella has to defend itself against any predators, it starts by bleeding its knees.

00:03:02 It is not real blood coming out of its joints.

00:03:05 It is a particular chemical substance that smells very bad and, therefore, repels predators.

00:03:12 They have another mechanism that helps them survive in the pitiful animal kingdom, their specific color.

00:03:18 Predators do not really like vivid color combinations such as red, orange and black,

00:03:24 because they know that colored creatures in this way can have an awful taste.

00:03:28 Cockatoos can be extremely noisy in the morning, but they do not become deaf,

00:03:35 because they do not even hear how loud their cries can be.

00:03:39 What protects them are some kind of integrated ski balls.

00:03:43 Hens have a similar system that reduces the risk of hearing loss.

00:03:47 Not only do they have this protection, but they can also repel their cochlear cells if they are damaged in just a few days.

00:03:56 Hibou do not really have eye globes, they have something that looks more like eye tubes.

00:04:02 And they can't move them from left to right as we can do with our eyes.

00:04:07 This is why these birds have incredibly flexible necks.

00:04:11 They are able to turn their heads at 270 degrees.

00:04:14 In comparison, humans can only turn theirs at 180.

00:04:18 This is why hibou have a specific system of blood vessels in their heads.

00:04:23 It brings fresh blood to the brain if a bird turns its head too quickly and cuts its circulation.

00:04:32 Swim straight ahead. You may remember the way Dory, the blue surgeon fish, sang it in Nemo's world.

00:04:41 Dory was not a shark, but it is a message that some species of sharks must take to the letter.

00:04:48 The small sharks, the big white sharks, the baleen sharks and other species of fish continue to swim all the time.

00:04:56 Otherwise, they stop breathing.

00:04:59 We use our lungs to breathe.

00:05:03 And some sharks use a method called "buccal pump".

00:05:08 This means that they swim with their mouths open.

00:05:11 This way, they allow water to flow through their gills and thus extract oxygen.

00:05:18 The most dangerous animal on our planet is not a bear, a shark or a tiger with sharp teeth.

00:05:24 It is something much smaller. The mosquito.

00:05:29 Not only is it extremely irritating, but it also transmits serious diseases such as yellow fever, malaria or dengue.

00:05:37 Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are killed by such diseases.

00:05:42 Mosquitoes also outnumber all other creatures around the world, except termites and ants.

00:05:52 Grizzlies are incredibly strong animals with a powerful bite capable of crushing a bowling ball.

00:05:59 This is why they are not allowed in the bowling alleys.

00:06:04 Despite this, they are essentially small eaters.

00:06:07 They are strong enough to make their meal everything they encounter, including a bison, a moose or a caribou.

00:06:14 But they always like to nibble on their fruit, nuts and other berries, or even a little unlucky mouse that would get lost in the predator's mouth.

00:06:23 The desert taipan is the most venomous snake on the planet.

00:06:27 We also know it as "Doxuranus microlepidotus".

00:06:31 It lives in Australia.

00:06:33 A single secret bite is enough venom to prove fatal to at least a hundred adult humans.

00:06:39 And half an hour is enough if you have nothing to treat the bite immediately.

00:06:43 It is said that these snakes are most often shy and prefer to worry about their own business.

00:06:48 But like other animals, they will attack if they feel threatened or provoked.

00:06:53 There is a type of turtle that can stay alive for months under the ice breathing through its behind.

00:07:01 When it gets colder, some animals can't find a safe place to stay.

00:07:06 They must therefore survive in harsh winter conditions wherever they are.

00:07:10 And while bees are comfortable in their nests and the owls sleep in caves,

00:07:15 the painted turtles have no choice but to stay in their frozen tanks.

00:07:19 As the ice limits their access to the air, they directly extract the oxygen from the water and breathe through their behind.

00:07:26 Yes, I admit that it would be very practical.

00:07:29 It is well known that crows are incredibly intelligent animals.

00:07:33 They excel in problem solving.

00:07:36 But it seems that they also have an impressive social intelligence.

00:07:40 They are very in tune with their feelings as well as with the emotions of their companions.

00:07:46 If a crow in the group feels moody, it is likely that it also attracts others.

00:07:51 A real joy.

00:07:54 When they see a bird that doesn't like certain foods and expresses it very vividly,

00:07:59 they also lose all interest in their own food.

00:08:05 The pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest animals in the world,

00:08:09 even if it is tiny.

00:08:11 Only one goes from 1,900 meters long.

00:08:14 When it detects a prey, it opens its big claw,

00:08:17 which can reach up to half the length of its own body and let it go in a little bit of water.

00:08:23 Then it closes its mouth very quickly,

00:08:26 which produces an extremely powerful ball jet,

00:08:29 about 100 km / h.

00:08:31 These balls can stun or even finish the prey that the shrimp is trying to catch.

00:08:36 And when the balls explode, they produce an amazingly strong detonation of more than 210 decibels.

00:08:43 Crocodiles are even more frightening than we thought,

00:08:46 because many of them can gallop like goats.

00:08:50 They probably inherited this ability from their ancient crocodile-morph ancestors,

00:08:55 who were as clumsy as cats,

00:08:57 had long legs and could run at a speed of about 18 km / h.

00:09:03 The smallest crocodiles gallop most often when something pursues them.

00:09:08 But the caimans and alligators obviously do not need to use this skill.

00:09:13 It is you who are most likely to take your legs at your neck when you see them.

00:09:18 If an aggressive-looking dog approaches you,

00:09:21 do not hesitate to scream as loud as possible.

00:09:24 This will establish your dominance and frighten the animal.

00:09:28 Yes, it is a widespread myth.

00:09:30 And no, it won't help you if you meet a dog that seems to want to attack you.

00:09:35 The best solution in this rather frightening situation is to remain still

00:09:39 and avoid any direct visual contact with the animal.

00:09:42 You should not run, it could only encourage the dog to chase you.

00:09:47 And if the animal attacks, fall to the ground and roll into balls,

00:09:51 protecting your head and neck with your hands.

00:09:55 But what if you come across another much more dangerous representative of the canidae family,

00:09:59 like a wolf?

00:10:01 The flight will not save you.

00:10:03 Wolves are much faster than humans, especially in the forest.

00:10:08 In addition, as soon as you start running,

00:10:11 the instinct of the wolf hunter wakes up immediately.

00:10:14 Instead, maintain visual contact with the animal at all times

00:10:18 and never turn your back to it.

00:10:21 When trying to flee, make sure the wolf stays in front of you.

00:10:25 If the predator ends up behind you, his instincts will push him to attack.

00:10:29 So, move back slowly while facing the animal.

00:10:33 You may have heard that if you have been bitten by a snake,

00:10:39 you should apply garlic to the bite area.

00:10:42 Another well-received idea.

00:10:44 Garlic has absolutely no effect on snake venom.

00:10:47 Instead, try to remember the color and shape of the snake.

00:10:51 This can help doctors treat the bite and determine which antivenin is necessary.

00:10:56 In addition, try to remain as still and calm as possible.

00:11:00 This can slow down the spread of the venom.

00:11:03 And of course, immediately request medical help.

00:11:07 If you see a bear falling to the ground and pretending to be dead,

00:11:11 unfortunately, it does not always work that way.

00:11:15 First of all, you have to show the animal that you are not a prey.

00:11:19 Do not make loud noises and do not scream.

00:11:22 Because this way, you could even more annoy the plantigrade.

00:11:26 If you shake your arms, do it slowly.

00:11:29 If you choose to calm the bear, do it in a low and calm voice.

00:11:34 Without turning away from the animal's eyes, start moving sideways.

00:11:38 This will prevent you from tripping and falling.

00:11:42 Do not rush and do not run away either.

00:11:45 Although at first glance, bears may seem heavy and clumsy,

00:11:49 they are surprisingly good sprinters.

00:11:51 In addition, these animals like to track their prey.

00:11:54 That's why, if a bear is charging you, stop moving.

00:11:58 There is a widespread idea that bees could only sting once.

00:12:05 But in reality, the problem is that the dart of bees is beveled

00:12:09 and can easily get stuck in the skin of their victims.

00:12:12 The dart remains stuck, the bee cannot free itself

00:12:15 and generally does not survive such a hook.

00:12:18 You must remember that bees will protect their hive whatever happens.

00:12:22 And they can sting you even if you just pass by.

00:12:26 Dark colors can make bees more aggressive,

00:12:29 because these shades make people look like their natural enemies.

00:12:33 That's why if you're wearing a black t-shirt,

00:12:36 your chances of being stung by these insects are higher.

00:12:40 If a swarm of bees is chasing you, hide in a dark or closed place.

00:12:44 The lack of light should divert these insects from your path.

00:12:48 Similar rules apply to encounters with geese.

00:12:52 One of the worst mistakes you can make is to have your long hair detached

00:12:56 and to wear dark clothes.

00:12:58 Geese are attracted to dark objects in motion.

00:13:01 And your clothes, as well as your hair, perfectly respond to this description.

00:13:05 So, if you suspect that you could stumble upon geese,

00:13:08 wear light colored clothes and tie your hair in a horse or chignon tail.

00:13:13 Contrary to popular belief,

00:13:15 bathing a geese in vinegar or baking soda is useless.

00:13:19 Instead, apply ice on the affected area.

00:13:23 Gorillas are nicknamed "kings of the jungle".

00:13:27 And it's not without reason.

00:13:29 They are dominating animals that tend to protect their families and their territory.

00:13:33 They will not attack you if you behave politely.

00:13:36 So, when you meet a gorilla, sit down.

00:13:40 This way, you won't look big and threatening by overshadowing the animal.

00:13:44 Try not to make loud noises and avoid direct visual contact.

00:13:48 In case of attack or approach, roll in a ball.

00:13:51 Gorillas are proud creatures.

00:13:54 And, as a rule, they do not attack the weak and the defenseless.

00:14:00 Surprisingly, a wild kangaroo can also be a serious threat to humans.

00:14:05 But it will only happen if you enter the animal's territory and it feels threatened.

00:14:10 To avoid conflict, everything is, and it's not a joke.

00:14:14 Your everything must be brief and discreet.

00:14:16 The kangaroo will consider it as a sign that you are sick.

00:14:19 And there is a chance that it won't attack you.

00:14:22 After that, move back slowly.

00:14:24 This way, you will look smaller, so less threatening.

00:14:28 Don't turn around and don't run either.

00:14:30 This will only provoke the animal.

00:14:32 Remember that kangaroos are excellent jumpers, able to catch you in a few moments.

00:14:37 And of course, we must talk about sharks.

00:14:40 The good news is that out of several hundred species of sharks on Earth,

00:14:44 only about a dozen are taken by humans.

00:14:47 But if a shark is interested in you, it will be extremely difficult to escape.

00:14:52 To avoid attracting sharks, avoid that blood or other bodily fluids are in the water.

00:14:57 Sharks can smell it from a great distance.

00:15:00 In addition, when you go swimming, remove your shiny jewelry or other reflective accessories.

00:15:06 Sharks are attracted by things that shine, because they confuse them with the scales of fish.

00:15:12 Don't turn your back to this predator.

00:15:14 And don't try to run away in panic.

00:15:17 You would only look like a prey in this way.

00:15:20 Move slowly.

00:15:22 Hitting the animal in the eyes or the gills can only make it angrier and make it more determined to attack.

00:15:28 Instead, try to make balls.

00:15:30 They are too noisy for sharks, and these animals don't like them at all.

00:15:35 If you meet a wild boar, it would be a mistake to try to escape by jumping into the water.

00:15:41 It turns out that boars are good swimmers, who can easily chase you if they feel threatened.

00:15:47 Instead, start whistling or singing if you see a wild boar walking not far from you.

00:15:54 If you come face to face with a lion, keep a visual contact with the animal.

00:16:01 Don't turn your back and don't turn your eyes away.

00:16:04 It would give the predator time to attack.

00:16:06 Try to look more imposing than you really are.

00:16:09 Raise your arms and shake your jacket.

00:16:12 If you look big and threatening, the animal will try to avoid confrontation.

00:16:17 Talk to the lion in a reasonably loud and confident voice.

00:16:21 This behavior is not typical of a victim.

00:16:24 You will disconcert the predator and he will perceive you as an annoying presence that is better avoided.

00:16:31 Elephants are smart and rather friendly animals, but they are also known to attack people.

00:16:37 It is particularly true for elephants accompanied by their young.

00:16:41 If you come face to face with an elephant, pay attention to its body language.

00:16:46 If its trunk is curled up and its ears are thrown back, it means it could try to attack you and crush you.

00:16:53 If the animal approaches, don't run.

00:16:55 Try to find something that can serve as a barrier between you and the elephant.

00:16:59 It can be a rock or a tree.

00:17:02 Rhinoceros have a bad eye, which is why it is easy to scare them and push them to attack.

00:17:09 These animals can reach 60 km/h, and it is really difficult to escape them.

00:17:15 The most effective way to escape a rhinoceros is to hide behind a tree.

00:17:20 It is a serious obstacle for the animal.

00:17:23 It is also unlikely that it will chase you through bushes or tall grass.

00:17:28 Hippos can sometimes look cute, but this image is misleading.

00:17:36 These pachyderms can be extremely dangerous.

00:17:39 Despite their weight, hippos can run at a speed of 30 to 45 km/h.

00:17:45 In addition, it is quite easy to annoy them.

00:17:47 So if the weather is particularly hot, try not to approach bushes.

00:17:52 The water level drops during the dry season, and hippos hide in tall grass.

00:17:57 For the animal to leave you alone, climb a tree, a rock or a steep hill,

00:18:03 and wait there until it leaves.

00:18:06 Despite popular belief, hippos react to movement, and not to red or any other color.

00:18:13 This is why if a hippo runs towards you, stay straight and still.

00:18:17 Use your cap, your t-shirt or any other clothing you have at hand as a guide.

00:18:23 When the hippo is close enough, throw this accessory as far away from you as possible.

00:18:29 The hippo will change its trajectory and will pursue this new target.

00:18:33 It's just an ordinary day.

00:18:36 As usual, you take a shower before starting to prepare for work.

00:18:40 Everything goes as planned, until everything goes to shit.

00:18:45 A clumsy gesture, a little water spilled on the ground, and here you are fighting with your arms in the air,

00:18:51 your body approaching the ground at a frightening speed.

00:18:55 Everything turns black.

00:18:58 The first thing you hear is a loud whistle in your head.

00:19:02 "Ouch, your head, ouch!"

00:19:05 You get up with caution. There is no blood, and that's even better.

00:19:10 What is even better is that the annoying noise stops abruptly.

00:19:14 Holding your head, you leave the bathroom and miss to stumble on your cat Milo.

00:19:20 He meows, then a clear voice in your head tells you, "You big clumsy!"

00:19:25 "Huh?" You turn your head with fear, but you see no one.

00:19:29 There is only you and… Milo?

00:19:32 You probably hit your head harder than you thought.

00:19:35 You raise your shoulders and head to the kitchen.

00:19:38 Milo follows you. You hear incessant snoring.

00:19:41 "Why can he sleep in the bedroom when I'm not allowed to stay?"

00:19:46 "Why haven't I had my meal yet? This human is too lazy.

00:19:50 Should I scratch the sofa or leave a mouse on his pillow?"

00:19:53 The first thought that comes to mind is, "Are there mice in the house?"

00:19:58 The second is more relevant.

00:20:00 "I'm losing the ball. Great!"

00:20:03 In automatic driving mode, you pour a little milk into Milo's bowl

00:20:07 and fill another one with croquettes.

00:20:10 The cat doesn't seem to be satisfied with your speed, if we believe his…

00:20:14 "Oh, for heaven's sake, move, man!"

00:20:18 OK, now you have to live with the fact that your beloved cat Milo

00:20:23 is actually the character of a grumpy old man.

00:20:26 "Argh!"

00:20:27 You decide to lock yourself in the bathroom again because you start to feel exhausted.

00:20:32 You sit down heavily on the toilet seat and you miss falling from your throne upside down

00:20:37 when you hear the sounds of noisy arguments.

00:20:41 After looking around you, you discover that apparently

00:20:44 there are not only mice but also cockroaches in your house.

00:20:48 Simply brilliant!

00:20:50 You are currently looking at a pair of insects that seem to be fighting.

00:20:55 At least one of them accuses the other of…

00:20:57 Wait, what? Cheating?

00:21:00 You've heard enough.

00:21:02 You're about to leave the bathroom when you hear a "Bang!"

00:21:06 In the bathroom, you find your cat lying on the floor under a broken flower pot.

00:21:10 The worst part is that he looks really hurt.

00:21:13 He keeps meowing and meowing.

00:21:15 "I'm hurt, I'm hurt, my leg, ouch, ouch!"

00:21:19 "But the sofa can't stay without scratches today!"

00:21:23 You catch Milo, push him into his car,

00:21:26 "Hey, watch out, you, biped!"

00:21:28 and you head to the clinic.

00:21:30 On the way, you have to focus hard to block the noise of the countless voices that are attacking you.

00:21:36 The vet's waiting room is full.

00:21:38 You'll have to wait a long time.

00:21:40 Half an hour later, your head is ready to explode.

00:21:44 You discover that this yellow python is suspiciously interested in the hamster

00:21:50 that the young girl in the corner is holding against her chest.

00:21:54 "So, so pretty!"

00:21:58 The hamster is worried about its reserve of nuts.

00:22:01 "Where did I hide them? Where, where, where?"

00:22:04 A little dog with an old lady is afraid of needles.

00:22:08 "If this pointy thing comes near me again, they'll regret it!

00:22:12 I'll destroy everyone on my way!"

00:22:15 Your turn has finally come.

00:22:17 The vet invites you to her office and you lean to get Milo

00:22:21 when a desperate young man makes a noise in the room.

00:22:25 "My hamster, what's wrong with him?"

00:22:27 The vet looks at you apologizing, but you are focused on the hamster.

00:22:32 He looks weak, but you manage to understand the words "chocolate", "yum".

00:22:37 When you tell the vet and the anxious owner that the hamster ate chocolate,

00:22:42 which is actually a poison for dogs,

00:22:44 they look at you with a funny look and disappear into the doctor's office.

00:22:48 Some time later, the guy comes out holding the dog, who looks much better than before.

00:22:53 When they left, the vet turns to you.

00:22:56 "How did you know that this dog had eaten chocolate?"

00:22:59 "Oh oh, here we are!"

00:23:01 You decide that honesty is the best strategy

00:23:04 and you tell the vet that you can understand what the animals say.

00:23:08 Of course, she doesn't believe you.

00:23:11 You have to make an effort to persuade her,

00:23:15 but with the help of two other dogs, Milo and an old squirrel,

00:23:19 you manage to make her believe what you are saying.

00:23:22 When you get home, you have a dizzy head and you are very hungry.

00:23:27 You only think of flat eggs and bacon.

00:23:30 "Yum!"

00:23:32 "Wait, bacon? But it's..."

00:23:35 "Oh oh, apparently, from today on, you have become a vegetarian!"

00:23:40 Anyway, that's when everything changes.

00:23:44 You don't know how it happened, but you become famous overnight.

00:23:49 The next morning, a loud noise wakes you up,

00:23:52 and it's not like animals were talking to you.

00:23:55 You look out the window and you see a crowd of people gathered around your house.

00:24:00 Some are journalists, but others are owners of pets who have come to ask for help.

00:24:06 Milo is not happy.

00:24:10 While groaning non-stop and calling you by all the names,

00:24:13 he bites your leg and takes refuge under the stairs.

00:24:16 And you, you go out to talk to people and answer questions from journalists.

00:24:22 In the evening, you are exhausted, but also happy.

00:24:27 You saved several animals today.

00:24:30 They had serious health problems and psychological disorders

00:24:33 that their owner could not solve alone.

00:24:36 Lying in your bed in the dark,

00:24:38 you think about how you could use your powers.

00:24:42 That's when your plan takes shape.

00:24:45 Soon, you become the world's most renowned pet care specialist.

00:24:50 You listen to the animals talk about their problems,

00:24:53 you relieve them of their depression,

00:24:55 and you help them to resolve their misunderstandings with their owner.

00:24:58 TV shows invite you for interviews,

00:25:01 your YouTube channel is growing every day,

00:25:04 people recognize you in the street and ask you to take pictures with them.

00:25:08 You travel the world,

00:25:10 you help endangered species and give lectures.

00:25:13 You open veterinary clinics all over the world

00:25:16 and you invite the best professionals to work there.

00:25:19 You never feel alone.

00:25:22 There is always someone to talk to or listen to.

00:25:25 At least a few birds when you walk in the park,

00:25:28 or a few fish when you have a rare moment of rest on the beach.

00:25:32 At the same time, you have become aware of the number of animals

00:25:35 begging for help, but no one can hear them.

00:25:39 You then decide to take on the role of their spokesperson.

00:25:43 It turns out that you are now famous not only in the world of humans,

00:25:47 but also in that of animals.

00:25:49 They are grateful and, in return, they begin to inform you

00:25:52 of various natural disasters that are about to occur on the planet.

00:25:57 You have heard that animals can predict earthquakes or volcanic eruptions.

00:26:03 And if before people had to make efforts to notice the unusual behavior of certain species,

00:26:08 now animals simply pass you information on what is going to happen and where.

00:26:15 With time, you notice that you spend less time among people and more time with animals.

00:26:20 Together, you plan campaigns against zoos,

00:26:23 circuses and other places where animals are held against their will.

00:26:27 And then one day, the unthinkable happens.

00:26:31 You go home when a black truck stops next to you.

00:26:35 Several masked guys catch you and push you inside.

00:26:38 The doors close behind you.

00:26:41 Inside, you discover that several influential people are not happy with your activity.

00:26:47 You realize that this trip is not going to end well.

00:26:51 The guys blindfold you and drive you somewhere.

00:26:54 But at one point, you lose your footing and hit your head against something.

00:26:59 Very hard!

00:27:00 You open your eyes.

00:27:01 Milo stands above you and looks at your extended body with a certain indifference.

00:27:07 And then the most terrible thing happens.

00:27:10 He meows, which looks like a whole sentence, turns around and leaves the bathroom.

00:27:16 And you don't understand a single meowing of what he says.

00:27:20 Was it all just a dream?

00:27:22 Did you know that animals saw the world differently from us?

00:27:26 Let's take this as an example.

00:27:28 Pigeons actually have a better view than humans.

00:27:30 It's crazy, isn't it?

00:27:31 So let's try to see the world through the eyes of some animals.

00:27:35 Let's start with snakes.

00:27:36 Their way of seeing the world is totally different from ours.

00:27:39 They have special infrared-sensitive receptors in their museums.

00:27:43 This allows them to perceive the heat emitted by the mammals in their heat.

00:27:47 Now let's move on to cows.

00:27:48 These big gullies don't see colors as well as humans.

00:27:51 They are unable to perceive red, because they don't have the necessary receptors in their retina.

00:27:57 So they only perceive variations of blue and green.

00:28:00 In addition, they don't like it when someone approaches them from behind.

00:28:03 Their vision is almost panoramic and the only area they can't see directly is the back of their head.

00:28:09 So if you ever sneak behind a cow, make sure you get noticed.

00:28:14 Horses have a blind spot right in front of their face, because of the position of their eyes.

00:28:19 This means they can't see things directly in front of them.

00:28:22 In addition, they don't perceive as many colors as we do.

00:28:25 Just like cows, their world is mainly composed of green, yellow and blue.

00:28:29 Poor animals.

00:28:30 Fish have ultraviolet receptors and lenses that are more rounded than ours.

00:28:35 This gives them a vision of almost 360 degrees.

00:28:38 As for colors, they can see the same as we do.

00:28:42 But since light behaves differently underwater, they have trouble distinguishing red and its shades.

00:28:47 Deep-sea fish can easily see in the dark, which is extremely useful.

00:28:52 Sharks, on the other hand, cannot distinguish colors at all, but they see much more clearly underwater than we do.

00:28:58 Birds have quite unique ways of seeing the world.

00:29:01 Unlike humans, they can distinguish ultraviolet light.

00:29:05 This helps them to differentiate males and females from their own species, as well as to better locate themselves in their environment.

00:29:11 In addition, they are very good at focusing.

00:29:13 So hawks and eagles can focus on a little mouse in a field up to a distance of more than 1 km.

00:29:20 A pigeon can perceive all kinds of small details.

00:29:23 So if you ever need to spot a crack in the sidewalk, just ask a pigeon.

00:29:27 And by the way, they have a field of vision of 340 degrees.

00:29:30 And in general, their sight is considered to be twice as sharp as that of humans.

00:29:35 And there you go, I'm jealous of a pigeon.

00:29:37 Insects also have quite strange patterns of perception.

00:29:40 Flies, for example, have thousands of small eye receptors that work together to give them a global view of what's going on around them.

00:29:48 And guess what? They can see everything in slow motion.

00:29:51 In addition, they can also see ultraviolet light, which helps them communicate.

00:29:55 Bees have their own problem.

00:29:57 These little creatures are unable to recognize red.

00:30:01 For them, it just looks like dark blue.

00:30:03 It's crazy, isn't it?

00:30:04 Let's move on to rats.

00:30:05 These little guys can't see red either, but that's not the strangest part.

00:30:09 Each of their eyes moves independently, so that they see double all the time.

00:30:13 It's amazing that they don't bump into each other more often against the walls, right?

00:30:17 Cats don't perceive the shades of red or green, but they distinguish brown, yellow and blue hues like pros.

00:30:24 In addition, they have a wide-angle vision, so that they have a better peripheral vision than ours.

00:30:29 And there's more.

00:30:30 When it's completely dark outside, cats turn into ninjas and see up to six times better than us.

00:30:36 Their pupils adapt to any light as if by magic.

00:30:39 Now, let's talk a little about dogs.

00:30:41 Our furry companions can't see red or orange, but they excel in blue and purple.

00:30:46 In addition, they can differentiate up to 40 shades of gray.

00:30:50 Well, it's not 50, but it's still impressive.

00:30:52 On their side, frogs are really difficult in terms of food.

00:30:56 They don't get bored with immobile prey.

00:30:58 They could be surrounded by a buffet of delicious insects.

00:31:01 But if all that doesn't move, the frogs won't even care.

00:31:04 And they're not the finest observers either.

00:31:07 If something seems uninteresting to them, like a shadow for example, they won't even bother looking.

00:31:13 Chameleons have eyes that can move independently from each other.

00:31:16 So they can see everything around them without even turning their heads.

00:31:20 They are even able to see two images at the same time, like watching two different movies side by side.

00:31:25 Pretty badass, right?

00:31:26 And you, what would you do if you suddenly had a 360-degree vision like a chameleon?

00:31:31 Share your opinion in the comments.

00:31:33 Well, let's be realistic.

00:31:35 We, humans, are pretty ordinary.

00:31:39 We are not superheroes with superpowers, are we?

00:31:43 What?

00:31:44 You didn't know?

00:31:46 The animal world, on the other hand, has a bunch of superheroes.

00:31:51 Some creatures go and fly forever, others seem to be making fun of gravity laws.

00:31:56 Others are still immune to venom, and others can finally run on water.

00:32:02 Some of them will give you chills.

00:32:05 The first superpower on the list is the ability to live without water.

00:32:09 Kangaroo rats can run out of water for years.

00:32:12 In fact, it doesn't bother them to live without water.

00:32:15 Humans, on the other hand, can only survive three days without water.

00:32:19 Human, 0, kangaroo rat, 1.

00:32:23 These little animals live in extremely arid desert areas,

00:32:27 and must draw water from the seeds and plants they eat.

00:32:31 Although this may seem a little worrying, kangaroo rats also know how to extract water from their urine before going to the bathroom.

00:32:38 So they don't lose a single drop of this precious moisture.

00:32:42 This could prove useful in sports.

00:32:45 Let me now introduce you to the Peter Parker of the animal world.

00:32:49 Absolutely.

00:32:50 It looks like Spiderman is real, but he's not human.

00:32:53 Here is a gecko lizard, or more simply a gecko.

00:32:56 This creature has the wonderful ability to climb on all kinds of vertical surfaces, and can even walk on the ceiling.

00:33:03 This feat that defies the laws of gravity is possible thanks to the unique plantar cushion of the lizard, covered with tiny hairs.

00:33:11 They can cling to almost any surface, whether it's smooth, hard, rough or soft.

00:33:18 Another funny fact about these lizards is that they don't have eyelids.

00:33:22 So they always keep a wide open eye on what's going on around them.

00:33:27 If you're wondering how they protect their eyes, here's the answer.

00:33:32 Their eyes are covered with a transparent membrane, the cornea.

00:33:36 Of course, they can't close their eyes, and if they have something in their eye, they just lick it.

00:33:42 It's true, they clean their eyeballs by licking them.

00:33:46 You can imagine that this is another superpower.

00:33:49 Supersonic superpowers?

00:33:52 Yes, of course.

00:33:53 A 2.5 cm subtropical shrimp disorients its prey with a shock wave.

00:34:00 Despite its modest size, the pistol shrimp is one of the noisiest marine animals.

00:34:05 When the shrimp snaps its claws, it makes a noise as loud as a sonic boom.

00:34:11 Naturally, the sound stuns the prey, and the shrimp can catch it without much effort.

00:34:16 In the world of comics, there's venom.

00:34:19 In the animal world, there's a type that can be called anti-venom.

00:34:23 Opossums are known for their very practical trick, which is to pretend to be dead when a predator attacks them.

00:34:31 But that's not all.

00:34:32 These animals are also immune to snake venom and viper pelliades.

00:34:38 The secret lies in a peptide that helps opossums neutralize dangerous chemical substances.

00:34:44 That's why snakes are one of the favorite snacks of the opossum's diet.

00:34:50 Their diet also consists of a curious element, the ticks.

00:34:54 An opossum can catch about 5,000 ticks per season, and most of them are taken on their own body.

00:35:01 Imagine a fish so famous that it's called a dangerous fish.

00:35:06 It's the mbenga, which literally translates to "dangerous fish" in Swahili.

00:35:11 This monster lives in fresh water and doesn't hesitate to eat a crocodile.

00:35:15 Not an entire crocodile, but the mbenga can easily take a bite.

00:35:21 Finally, to be honest, mbengas are afraid of crocodiles, just like crocodiles are afraid of mbengas.

00:35:27 You're watching this video with a mbenga, aren't you?

00:35:31 Well, all the gadgets we own, we owe them to electric mbengas in a way.

00:35:36 All gadgets have batteries, and mbengas have contributed a lot to the invention of an electric battery in 1800.

00:35:43 I know, I know, batteries have changed in an unrecognizable way since then.

00:35:48 But still, the first electric battery was invented thanks to electric mbengas.

00:35:54 Anyway, if you see one and you want to thank it for its magnificent invention, avoid doing it.

00:36:01 The problem is that they can deliver shocks up to 860 volts.

00:36:06 You don't want to experience it.

00:36:09 Let's talk about the Dracula tale of the animal kingdom.

00:36:12 No, I'm not talking about bats.

00:36:14 I'm talking about the vampire fish Akrok.

00:36:17 These fish are known as payara and have long tails that exceed their lower jaws.

00:36:22 That's why some people associate them with vampires.

00:36:26 Hippos are the gurus of beauty, since they know how to save a fortune on skin care.

00:36:33 Living under the harsh African sun, these secret animals have a red oily substance that looks like sweat that evaporates and keeps the body of the animals cool.

00:36:44 In addition, this liquid serves as both moisturizing cream, sunscreen and antibiotics, but they are not the only ones to have such a superpower.

00:36:53 Shrimp also know how to produce a natural sunscreen, but they use it to protect their eyes.

00:37:01 These are amino acid pigments.

00:37:04 And these pigments act like special filters that also contribute to the clarity of their vision.

00:37:10 This is what I call multitasking.

00:37:13 Hurricanes have dark spots around their eyes, which makes them even cuter.

00:37:18 But these black circles are not there just to make our friends even more adorable.

00:37:23 They also act as integrated sunglasses.

00:37:27 The dark fur of the spots blocks the burning sun, allowing the hurricanes to look directly at the sky.

00:37:34 In addition, thanks to this, the sentinel, a surrogate that watches birds and other predators, can easily see the danger and alert its companions.

00:37:46 Wild goats are famous for their climbing skills, but it is the Alps' bouquetin, in northern Italy, which is the champion.

00:37:54 This animal can climb almost all vertical surfaces, thus defying several laws of physics.

00:38:00 It is interesting to note that the animals that walk on the walls of the steepest cliffs are generally sea goats, accompanied by their young.

00:38:08 The big males prefer to keep their distance and use flat horizontal surfaces.

00:38:14 They are clever.

00:38:16 Salmons are skilled navigators who could make most drivers blush with shame.

00:38:21 However, this competition would not be fair.

00:38:24 After all, salmon can feel the magnetic field of the planet and use it to navigate if they get lost.

00:38:31 If you have trouble navigating in the city, a salmon could help you.

00:38:36 Do not forget to tie the aquarium.

00:38:39 Some animals protect themselves with venom or vile bites, while others use chemical tricks to protect themselves.

00:38:48 Listen to this. Some species of millipedes produce hydrogen cyanide and exudate when they feel threatened.

00:38:57 Hydrogen cyanide is inodorous, but very toxic.

00:39:00 A single small millipede cannot seriously injure you, but you risk burns or even clots if your skin is sensitive.

00:39:08 In addition, to make the picture even more frightening, some millipedes shine in the dark.

00:39:14 So be careful. And if you see a bright spot at night, save yourself as soon as possible.

00:39:22 When the millipede feels threatened, it sprays a burning liquid from the end of its abdomen, emitting a dry noise.

00:39:30 As soon as the lepidopterus feels a danger, a chemical reaction occurs in special tanks located in its abdomen.

00:39:37 The heat released by this process reaches almost boiling point and also produces a special gas that triggers ejection.

00:39:44 This super protection is generally fatal for attacking insects. I imagine.

00:39:50 Jesus Christ lizards have the strange ability to run on water.

00:39:54 First of all, their hind legs are equipped with long toes, whose skin stripes can spread over the water.

00:40:01 Thus, a larger surface of the lizard's foot is in contact with the water. Then, when it runs on the water, its legs can enter at incredible speeds.

00:40:11 It creates small air pockets that impatient the animal disannoyer and the maintenance on the surface.

00:40:17 The chicks may not always be very interesting, but that does not make them less surprising.

00:40:22 These tiny animals can jump about 50 times the length of their body.

00:40:27 If people could do that, we would be able to jump approximately 1.5 km in the air.

00:40:33 Well, let's try.

00:40:35 The most curious thing about the amazing ability of the chicks is that they shoot most of the power of their jumps, their toes, and not their knees.

00:40:44 What is your favorite animal superpower?

00:40:46 I vote for the orangutan.

00:40:48 I don't like to queue to go to the bathroom.

00:40:54 You decided to dive underwater for the first time. The water is clear and the sun illuminates the seabed.

00:41:00 You take some selfies with the fish that pass by, when suddenly the ocean becomes dark as night.

00:41:07 You look up and, oh my God, what is this huge animal?

00:41:13 It's certainly not a shark, not more than a whale. Is it a turtle? Yes, but don't be afraid, it won't hurt you.

00:41:23 If you lived on this same land about 72 million years ago, then maybe it could have really happened to you.

00:41:31 Scientists have recently discovered the fossils of a huge sea turtle that could have reached up to 4 meters in length.

00:41:39 If you have no idea what that means, let's look at some examples.

00:41:44 It's the average length of a hippopotamus, six Golden Retrievers half-naked, or two Michael Jordans stacked on top of each other.

00:41:54 The scientific name of this turtle, the Leviathanocelis Aenigmatica, is a tribute to the legendary sea monster known as the Leviathan.

00:42:03 Maybe you remember from your mythology classes at school.

00:42:06 The Leviathan is supposed to be a mythical creature that would swallow entire ships or sailors considered too greedy by the creature.

00:42:14 Can you imagine being swallowed by this huge sea turtle? Me? I'll give it a go.

00:42:20 The fossils of this gigantic creature began to be excavated between 2016 and 2021 in northern Spain.

00:42:29 The first fossil was found by a hiker in the Spanish Pyrenees, and it was about 20 centimeters long.

00:42:37 The pool of this turtle alone was about 90 centimeters.

00:42:42 It would certainly be one of the biggest turtles today, if it hadn't gone extinct.

00:42:48 For your information, the largest living sea turtle today can reach up to 2 meters in length, which is already not bad.

00:42:58 And now, what would you say about a gigantic prehistoric scorpion?

00:43:03 I bet most people here are not big fans of these creatures, especially since they are venomous.

00:43:09 This is why the idea of a 3-meter-long aquatic scorpion could be a nightmare for some.

00:43:15 Let's just say that if it hadn't disappeared about 400 million years ago, lakes and rivers would be much less bucolic places for humans today.

00:43:26 These gigantic arachnids were considered first-rate predators at the time, hunting everything from fish to other animals, including their own species.

00:43:35 Ouch, I have chicken skin just from imagining these monsters.

00:43:39 We should thank the asteroid that hit our planet now or later in the video.

00:43:44 Another prehistoric animal that would amaze humans if it were still alive is the famous Megatherium, a sloth of gigantic proportions.

00:43:54 It is thought that this huge sloth could have reached up to 6 meters in length, for a weight of nearly 3.6 million kilos.

00:44:02 These remains are found in the forests of the South American prairies.

00:44:07 The creature was used to sit on its back legs in order to reach the fins of the hot-spreaded thumb.

00:44:13 These giant sloths had long claws, which helped them climb trees.

00:44:18 I must admit, I am not very comfortable imagining these lazy-looking sloths climbing trees.

00:44:25 Oh, of course, some dinosaurs will be part of our list of oversized creatures, but before that, here's a funny fact.

00:44:32 Did you know that some dinosaurs are still alive today?

00:44:36 Researchers have determined that birds could be classified as theropods.

00:44:41 This creature is redoubtable as tells that the Tyrannosaurus and the Velociraptor are part of the Niantic group.

00:44:48 I'm sure you heard these names much earlier if you watched Jurassic Park.

00:44:53 The Velociraptor is this frightening dinosaur that intrudes into the kitchens.

00:44:57 Well, they evolved, gained some feathers, and turned into various species of birds that we know today.

00:45:04 This means that any bird, from dendon to mesange, is a direct descendant of dinosaurs.

00:45:11 Now, does the name Spinosaurus tell you something?

00:45:16 You can admire this huge dinosaur in some museums today.

00:45:20 It's fossil, I mean.

00:45:22 Spinosaurus was one of the largest terrestrial predators to have walked the earth.

00:45:27 Or rather, to have walked the earth and its waters.

00:45:30 Because researchers think that this dino was semi-aquatic.

00:45:34 It mainly fed on meat, which means that humans would be natural prey if they still lived today.

00:45:42 This carnivorous dinosaur lived about 90 to 100 million years ago.

00:45:46 It was about 18 meters long, 4 meters high, and weighed up to 22 tons.

00:45:52 Its head was about the size of 8 bowling balls, and had the shape of the face of a crocodile.

00:45:59 Basically, the Spinosaurus was a big elephant from Africa with a crocodile's mouth.

00:46:05 I'm kidding, but it would have looked funny, wouldn't it?

00:46:09 A much more attractive dinosaur was this one, the Patagotitan Mayorum.

00:46:14 It is considered the largest dinosaur that has ever lived on our planet.

00:46:18 What made it so big was its extremely long neck and its outstretched tail.

00:46:23 You wouldn't want to stand behind this creature, believe me.

00:46:28 If it decided to make a sudden move with its tail, you would be catapulted far away.

00:46:32 This dinosaur lived about 100 million years ago.

00:46:35 Its fossils were discovered for the first time in Argentina around 2012.

00:46:41 It was 36 meters long from head to tail, which made it almost as big as a football field in its width.

00:46:48 Did I mention that it weighed almost as much as a spaceship?

00:46:53 We're talking about 75 tons.

00:46:56 If it had been carnivorous, it would have probably been the biggest predator.

00:47:00 But this big guy was a peaceful herbivore.

00:47:03 It had such a long neck that it could chew the leaves of the tallest trees.

00:47:07 Cute, isn't it?

00:47:09 We also need to talk about the Chastasaurus.

00:47:13 As its name suggests, this lizard once populated the region of Mount Shasta in California.

00:47:19 Even if it was a marine reptile that probably never set foot on the mountain itself.

00:47:25 This dinosaur was generally 7 meters long.

00:47:29 But there was a specific variety of this species that could reach up to 21 meters.

00:47:34 The size of the Great Blue Whale.

00:47:37 Which makes it the largest marine reptile ever lived.

00:47:42 A funny fact about the Chastasaurus is that scientists think it had no teeth.

00:47:47 Which means it could only feed on prey with soft bodies, like squid, for example.

00:47:56 The next animal on our list is the Great Blue Whale.

00:48:00 Believe it or not, the largest living animal on Earth actually started small.

00:48:05 Nowadays, an average adult Great Blue Whale can reach up to 30 meters long and weigh up to 200 tons.

00:48:12 This is more than half the weight of the current elephants.

00:48:16 Or the 20,000 rhinos.

00:48:19 Or the 2,650 people of the average.

00:48:24 The Great Blue Whales have to consume up to 5-6 million calories a day to feed on this body.

00:48:31 Or that's just for information.

00:48:33 It's the equivalent of 30,000 Big Macs.

00:48:36 But the Great Blue Whales were not always that big.

00:48:40 They actually evolved from a four-legged mammal that roamed the Earth about 48 million years ago.

00:48:47 Their ancestor was called Pachycetus and was only 2 meters long.

00:48:51 Here's another funny fact.

00:48:53 To be able to live in water as it does today, the Great Blue Whale had to make an intense effort to adapt.

00:49:00 The Great Blue Whale can renew between 80 and 90% of the oxygen in its lungs every time it breathes.

00:49:07 In comparison, a human only renews up to 15%.

00:49:12 This allows these creatures to dive for up to an entire hour and reach a stunning depth of 100 meters.

00:49:21 Elephants were destined to be on this list.

00:49:24 African elephants are currently the largest terrestrial animals on our planet.

00:49:29 They can reach about 4 meters high and weigh up to 7 tons.

00:49:33 It's pretty small if you compare them to other animals that have lived on Earth before, isn't it?

00:49:39 But if you put a human about 1.80 meters next to an elephant, you can see that it's not that small.

00:49:45 African elephants are larger than their close relatives, Asian elephants, and they have a life expectancy similar to that of humans, up to 70 years.

00:49:54 Pokemon may have made us all wish one day that salamanders were real dragons.

00:50:00 Although this is not the case, they can still be fascinating.

00:50:05 There is a giant salamander species, which is known to be the largest living amphibian.

00:50:11 They can reach the size of an average human, or 1.80 meters.

00:50:16 I doubt it's a very pleasant underwater encounter.

00:50:20 I've prepared a test for you on animals.

00:50:23 I'm going to show you an image and you're going to have to tell me which animal it is.

00:50:27 Does it seem easy to you? We'll see.

00:50:30 Don't forget to write down your score and you'll find out your result at the end.

00:50:34 We're going to start with something easy and we'll go over things gradually.

00:50:38 Here's the first animal. What do you think it is?

00:50:42 Of course it's an elephant. Elephants are the largest terrestrial animals and their trunk is incredibly sensitive.

00:50:54 The Asian elephant can even pick up a peanut and bite it.

00:50:58 Here's the next one. What do you think?

00:51:03 It's definitely a turtle.

00:51:11 Did you know that it's not the DNA that determines the sex of newborns?

00:51:14 It's the temperature in the nest.

00:51:17 If it's cool, the newborns will be males. If it's hot, they will be females.

00:51:23 What is this adorable animal in your opinion?

00:51:28 It's a penguin. We offer flowers to our loved ones to show our affection and recognition.

00:51:38 But penguins are not only good at picking up pebbles,

00:51:41 they can also control the flow of blood in their feet, which prevents them from freezing.

00:51:46 This one is easy. What do you think?

00:51:54 Of course it's a squirrel. These animals are pretty gifted little guys.

00:51:58 They can find their food under 30 cm of snow.

00:52:01 They can also pretend to bury a nut to deceive potential thieves.

00:52:05 But 25% of their reserves end up in the stomach of other squirrels.

00:52:10 And this animal, do you recognize it?

00:52:20 Yes, it's a fox. Did you know that they can emit about 40 different sounds?

00:52:25 Another well-known animal. What do you think?

00:52:29 It's a giraffe. The patterns of their fur are unique.

00:52:38 There are no two giraffes with the same pattern.

00:52:41 In addition, they only drink once every few days, even when they are close to water.

00:52:46 What is this animal?

00:52:49 It's a camel. They can live for weeks without a single drop of water,

00:52:53 that is, longer than giraffes.

00:52:55 For comparison, a human can only last three days without water.

00:52:59 But when camels drink, they can swallow up to 180 liters of water at once.

00:53:04 Do you recognize this one? What is it?

00:53:08 It's a hippopotamus, of course.

00:53:16 They love grass and can eat 36 kilos of it in one night.

00:53:20 Yes, they sleep during the day and get active at night.

00:53:24 And what is this one?

00:53:27 It's a rhinoceros, of course. Rhinoceros have a very bad sight.

00:53:36 If you are 30 meters away and you do not move, they will not see you.

00:53:41 But they have a very strong smell.

00:53:44 In addition, they love mud.

00:53:47 They roll in it and protect them from insects and keep them fresh.

00:53:52 And do you recognize this animal?

00:53:56 It's a mouflette.

00:54:03 Did you know that they are immune to snake venom and can even eat these dangerous animals?

00:54:08 What do you think of this adorable creature?

00:54:12 It's a Greenland seal and its white coat makes it one of the cutest animals on the planet.

00:54:24 But it doesn't last very long.

00:54:27 Greenland seals have this fur until the age of about six weeks.

00:54:31 And what is this?

00:54:34 It's a scorpion.

00:54:36 These creatures are older than dinosaurs.

00:54:39 In addition, they can live a year without food and they shine in the dark.

00:54:44 And this big animal, do you know what it is?

00:54:48 It's a moose.

00:54:56 Did you know that they only live in places where there are two moose?

00:55:00 It's a moose.

00:55:02 Did you know that they only live in places where there is snow in winter?

00:55:06 Do you recognize this animal?

00:55:09 It's a wolf.

00:55:16 They are born completely blind and deaf.

00:55:19 Of course, later, it changes.

00:55:21 An adult wolf can hear up to 15 km per round.

00:55:24 In addition, they have about 200 million olfactory cells.

00:55:28 This animal, do you know what it is?

00:55:31 It's a orangutan.

00:55:39 They are very intelligent and know how to use tools.

00:55:42 They even make gloves with leaves to protect themselves from thorns.

00:55:46 I think you will recognize the following. Tell me.

00:55:56 It's a suricate.

00:55:58 They live in the desert and do not need water to live.

00:56:01 They hydrate by eating insects and other foods.

00:56:05 And this one, do you know his name?

00:56:09 It's a Tasmanian devil.

00:56:17 They are very dangerous.

00:56:19 They bite so hard that the bones break.

00:56:21 They also like to scream and scare other animals.

00:56:24 And a funny detail, they store their fat in their tails.

00:56:28 Next, what is this animal?

00:56:32 It's a squid, of course.

00:56:39 Squid have three hearts.

00:56:41 In addition, they often feed on other smaller squids.

00:56:44 Do you recognize this fish?

00:56:52 It's an electric eel.

00:56:54 Their discharge is so powerful that it can knock down a horse.

00:56:57 In addition, as they have a bad eyesight,

00:57:00 they must emit an electric signal to orient themselves.

00:57:03 According to you, what is this adorable creature?

00:57:07 It's a pandaroo.

00:57:14 Its diet is made up of 97% bamboo.

00:57:17 The remaining 3% include eggs, flowers and small mammals.

00:57:21 In your opinion, what is it?

00:57:24 It's a falconer.

00:57:31 These guys are vegetarian and even if they are strong,

00:57:34 they prefer to run rather than fight.

00:57:36 In addition, as they like to be bathed,

00:57:39 they live in harmony with monkeys.

00:57:41 Come on, one more.

00:57:44 Does this animal tell you something?

00:57:48 It's a porcupine.

00:57:50 A small pig with spines.

00:57:52 They are shy creatures and good swimmers.

00:57:55 As for their stings, they cannot shoot them on their predators.

00:57:58 It's a myth.

00:58:00 However, as they detach easily,

00:58:02 you risk having some on your hands if you touch this animal.

00:58:05 What is it?

00:58:14 It's a marmot.

00:58:17 They sleep all winter and are extremely gifted for construction.

00:58:21 Their houses can be up to 18 meters long.

00:58:24 You will easily guess the name of this animal.

00:58:27 What is it?

00:58:29 Of course, it's an ornithorynchus.

00:58:36 Did you know that their venom is deadly?

00:58:39 But don't worry, no case has yet been reported.

00:58:42 Well, what about this guy?

00:58:44 It's an ornithopteron.

00:58:51 Sometimes called "earth pig".

00:58:53 They live on the African continent

00:58:55 and do not walk exactly on their feet,

00:58:57 only on their toes.

00:58:59 Next, this one has crazy eyes.

00:59:01 What is it called?

00:59:03 It's a black-and-white.

00:59:10 It's an aye-aye.

00:59:12 It's from Madagascar

00:59:14 and has a pretty bad reputation.

00:59:16 The inhabitants think that aye-aye are unlucky.

00:59:19 And this adorable little guy?

00:59:23 It's a prairie dog.

00:59:31 They are not as nice as they look.

00:59:33 They are even rather ferocious.

00:59:35 In addition, they are very intelligent

00:59:37 and have an elaborate vocabulary.

00:59:39 They can warn their peers

00:59:41 when a human approaches.

00:59:43 And this funny bird?

00:59:45 It's an okapi.

00:59:53 They belong to the family of giraffes

00:59:55 and live only in one country,

00:59:57 the Democratic Republic of Congo.

00:59:59 Humans discovered them

01:00:01 a little over 100 years ago, in 1901.

01:00:03 No, it's not a Pokémon,

01:00:06 it's a real animal.

01:00:08 What is it called?

01:00:10 It's a nudibranch.

01:00:18 A sea slug that lives in the shallow

01:00:20 eggs of all the oceans.

01:00:22 This one should be easy.

01:00:24 What is it?

01:00:26 Yes, it's a bison.

01:00:32 Like cats, they purr when they are happy.

01:00:34 And do you know what it is?

01:00:38 It's a margai.

01:00:40 No one knows exactly

01:00:42 how many there are in the world.

01:00:44 And this adorable creature,

01:00:46 what is it?

01:00:48 It's a pika.

01:00:54 They are related to rabbits,

01:00:56 but they are cotton-nosed.

01:00:58 In fact, they have tails,

01:01:00 but you can't see them

01:01:02 because they hide them under their fur.

01:01:04 A little last one,

01:01:06 probably quite difficult.

01:01:08 What is it?

01:01:10 It's a tardigrad.

01:01:17 This microscopic animal has been

01:01:19 on Earth for 600 million years.

01:01:21 It has survived the five great

01:01:23 extinctions of the planet and will

01:01:25 undoubtedly survive any apocalypse.

01:01:27 So, how many good answers do you have?

01:01:31 Tell me everything in the comments.

01:01:34 The smallest heart in the world

01:01:36 is the Mimaridae.

01:01:38 A small insect as thick

01:01:40 as a sheet of paper.

01:01:42 You need a microscope to see its heart.

01:01:44 Contrary to what one might think,

01:01:46 this creature is not a fly.

01:01:48 It is actually a wasp.

01:01:50 If you have the opportunity

01:01:52 to observe one under a microscope,

01:01:54 you will notice the resemblance.

01:01:56 Let's move on to larger hearts,

01:02:02 which are impressive in the animal kingdom.

01:02:04 The zebra fish has a rather nice

01:02:06 hidden talent when it comes to its heart,

01:02:08 which measures only about

01:02:10 1 mm in diameter.

01:02:12 Indeed, its heart can regenerate.

01:02:14 When the heart of a zebra fish

01:02:16 is damaged or has a problem,

01:02:18 it is able, most of the time,

01:02:20 to repair itself.

01:02:22 The human heart is certainly

01:02:24 as impressive as it is,

01:02:26 since it continues to renew

01:02:28 its cells and repair its heart tissue,

01:02:30 which is its zebra.

01:02:32 Let us now look at the example

01:02:34 of the cockroaches.

01:02:36 Our heart is made up of 4 cavities,

01:02:38 each of them having a very precise task

01:02:40 to accomplish.

01:02:42 The global system cannot function

01:02:44 without the 4 cavities working properly.

01:02:46 The heart of a sheet contains 12 to 13 cavities,

01:02:48 placed in rows along the entire length

01:02:50 of the insect's body,

01:02:52 on average about 4 cm.

01:02:54 These cavities work separately

01:02:56 because they are driven by different muscles.

01:02:58 This means that if one of these cavities

01:03:00 is affected, the insect cannot

01:03:02 realize it.

01:03:04 Most of the time, the sheet lives

01:03:06 without all these cardiac cavities

01:03:08 functioning properly.

01:03:10 The heart of a hummingbird

01:03:12 can beat up to 1200 times per minute.

01:03:14 For comparison,

01:03:16 the heart of an athlete

01:03:18 beats only 220 times per minute.

01:03:20 Although it is one of the smallest

01:03:22 hearts in the world,

01:03:24 the hummingbird's heart is quite voluminous,

01:03:26 proportionally to the total size

01:03:28 of the bird.

01:03:30 It represents about 2.5%

01:03:32 of its total weight.

01:03:34 Moreover, the hummingbird

01:03:36 with a blue throat beats up to 15 times

01:03:38 per second.

01:03:40 It is so fast that this movement

01:03:42 cannot be perceived by the human eye.

01:03:44 This impressive speed

01:03:46 is supported by an even faster heart,

01:03:48 which beats 21 times per second.

01:03:50 Have you ever heard

01:03:54 of the Emperor's Humpback?

01:03:56 It is not a kind of humpback

01:03:58 that is content to have a crown on its head,

01:04:00 if that's what you think.

01:04:02 These are fascinating swimmers

01:04:04 who can dive deeper

01:04:06 than any other bird,

01:04:08 at more than 210 meters.

01:04:10 Not to mention that they can stay

01:04:12 submerged for up to 18 minutes in a row

01:04:14 to go and get food.

01:04:16 With a weight of about 140 grams,

01:04:18 their heart is just as spectacular.

01:04:20 Their heart beats very slowly.

01:04:22 When it is in the water,

01:04:24 an Emperor's Humpback can reduce

01:04:26 its heart rate to about 15 beats per minute.

01:04:28 It cuts the supply of blood

01:04:30 from all organs,

01:04:32 except for the most vital ones.

01:04:34 It also reduces its oxygen consumption,

01:04:36 which allows the animal

01:04:38 to use only the necessary strict

01:04:40 to hunt in deep water.

01:04:42 The size of the heart tends

01:04:46 to be quite proportional

01:04:48 throughout the animal kingdom.

01:04:50 For the most part,

01:04:52 this organ represents about 0.6%

01:04:54 of the body mass of an animal.

01:04:56 In comparison,

01:04:58 the heart of dogs and wolves is bigger.

01:05:00 It represents about 0.8%

01:05:02 of the total weight of the animal.

01:05:04 The heart of an average dog

01:05:06 weighs about 560 grams.

01:05:08 If a human heart

01:05:10 suddenly filled with fat,

01:05:12 it would quickly become a problem.

01:05:14 But it is very different for a python.

01:05:16 Indeed,

01:05:18 if this happens to this reptile,

01:05:20 it is a sign that everything is fine.

01:05:22 Pythons tend to eat

01:05:26 very large meals.

01:05:28 After each of these meals,

01:05:30 their heart grows by about 40%.

01:05:32 And as a python

01:05:34 can weigh up to about 110 kg,

01:05:36 40%!

01:05:38 That's a lot!

01:05:40 This phenomenon is due to the fatty acids

01:05:42 absorbed during the meal

01:05:44 that cause an organ inflation.

01:05:46 These reptiles adapted

01:05:48 to accelerate their digestion.

01:05:50 Even if they still need

01:05:52 days to digest a single meal.

01:05:54 Their blood is so loaded

01:05:56 with fatty acids

01:05:58 that it even changes color

01:06:00 and consistency.

01:06:02 In some cases,

01:06:04 it can even become opaque,

01:06:06 resembling more milk than anything else.

01:06:08 Let's finish our list

01:06:12 on the other side of the spectrum

01:06:14 of the animal kingdom.

01:06:16 That of the blue whale.

01:06:18 And for good reason,

01:06:22 it is one of the largest animals.

01:06:24 This giant heart is about

01:06:26 as big as a bathtub

01:06:28 and weighs more than an average gorilla.

01:06:30 No matter their size,

01:06:32 the hearts of animals are amazing.

01:06:34 We humans and most animals

01:06:36 only have one heart.

01:06:38 But this rule does not apply to all creatures.

01:06:40 Let's take the example of peacocks

01:06:42 or squids, which have three hearts.

01:06:44 This is how their system works.

01:06:46 Two of these hearts

01:06:48 send blood to the branches

01:06:50 to guarantee enough oxygen in the body.

01:06:52 While the third heart

01:06:54 pumps blood into the whole body.

01:06:56 Some animals have no heart at all.

01:06:58 This does not necessarily make them mean.

01:07:00 Jellyfish, starfish or corals

01:07:04 lead a rather pleasant life,

01:07:06 even without a heart.

01:07:08 Let's take the example of starfish.

01:07:10 They don't even have blood.

01:07:12 This is probably why

01:07:14 they don't need a heart either.

01:07:16 No list would be complete

01:07:20 without mentioning some surprising facts

01:07:22 about the human heart.

01:07:24 No need to google or look for

01:07:26 an anatomy book to know

01:07:28 the size of your heart.

01:07:30 Just squeeze the point.

01:07:32 The point of a person

01:07:34 is about the same size

01:07:36 as his adult heart.

01:07:38 The heart is active in our body

01:07:40 and can beat about

01:07:42 0.005 thousand times a day.

01:07:44 Have you ever watched

01:07:48 an animated cartoon

01:07:50 in which the main character's heart

01:07:52 starts beating out of his chest?

01:07:54 Most of the time,

01:07:56 we are made to believe that the noise

01:07:58 that our heart makes is produced

01:08:00 when this organ touches the tissues

01:08:02 around it when it beats.

01:08:04 In reality, this noise is produced

01:08:06 by the heart's blood vessels.

01:08:08 These are like small doors

01:08:10 inside our heart

01:08:12 that ensure that the blood

01:08:14 circulates correctly from one side

01:08:16 to the other of the heart.

01:08:18 For our body to function,

01:08:20 the blood must circulate

01:08:22 at the right time and in the right direction.

01:08:24 Our lungs are not twins.

01:08:26 They are brothers and sisters

01:08:28 and our heart is the reason for that.

01:08:30 Our right lung is bigger

01:08:32 and tends to weigh more.

01:08:34 Our right lung

01:08:36 is slightly leaning to the left.

01:08:38 This creates a small gap

01:08:40 in our left lung

01:08:42 called the heart impulse.

01:08:44 The right lung may be bigger

01:08:46 but it is a bit shorter

01:08:48 because it has to make room for the liver.

01:08:50 Speaking of positioning,

01:08:52 our heart is not as left-leaning

01:08:54 as we might think.

01:08:56 It is rather centered,

01:08:58 with a slight inclination to the left.

01:09:00 In people with a dextrocardia,

01:09:02 the heart is located on the right side of the chest.

01:09:04 In itself, this pathology

01:09:06 is not a problem.

01:09:08 But it tends to coincide with other diseases

01:09:10 that can have serious effects

01:09:12 on the heart and other organs.

01:09:14 Did you know that most

01:09:16 heart attacks occur on Mondays?

01:09:18 The reason is still controversial.

01:09:20 But most scientists think

01:09:22 it is due to stress generated

01:09:24 by the start of a new week of work

01:09:26 or the change in our sleep-waking cycle.

01:09:28 We tend to sleep more

01:09:30 during the weekend and wake up

01:09:32 earlier on Monday, which can be

01:09:34 harmful to our heart.

01:09:36 Your heart began beating

01:09:38 about 4 weeks after your conception.

01:09:40 And it will not stop before your death.

01:09:42 Of course, it can weaken

01:09:44 as it ages, but the heart does not get tired.

01:09:46 It is an extremely difficult job

01:09:48 if you think about it.

01:09:50 Try this experiment to check it.

01:09:52 So, hold a tennis ball in your hand.

01:09:54 The beatings of your heart

01:09:56 have about the same force,

01:09:58 but they are different.

01:10:00 I bet you will lose count

01:10:02 before you finish.

01:10:04 In some cases, the energy

01:10:06 our heart needs to keep beating

01:10:08 is unstable.

01:10:10 That's why pacemakers were invented.

01:10:12 They act like small generators

01:10:14 placed inside the human body

01:10:16 and help stabilize abnormal heartbeats.

01:10:18 The very first device of this type

01:10:20 was placed in the body of a woman

01:10:22 named Arno Larson in 1958.

01:10:24 When she died at the age of 86,

01:10:26 it was for other reasons.

01:10:28 It had nothing to do with her heart.

01:10:30 There are sharks that shine in the dark.

01:10:40 For example, the shark "Hool".

01:10:42 They live in the dark depths of the ocean

01:10:44 at a depth of 518 meters

01:10:46 under the surface.

01:10:48 Nobody knows exactly why,

01:10:50 but they emit a fluorescent light

01:10:52 that only the other shark "Hool" can see.

01:10:54 Scientists have detected this light

01:10:56 by using filters that block yellow light.

01:10:58 They think it could be the way

01:11:00 for these big fish

01:11:02 to communicate with their friends.

01:11:04 This light helps these sharks

01:11:06 fight infections at the microbial level.

01:11:08 The "vachées" have secret passwords

01:11:10 that they use to recognize each other.

01:11:12 They are a specific type of parasitic bird

01:11:14 because they lay their eggs

01:11:16 in the nests of other species of birds.

01:11:18 The young "vachées" have an internal mechanism

01:11:20 that allows them to recognize

01:11:22 the song of their species

01:11:24 as a kind of secret password

01:11:26 that only they know.

01:11:28 This is how they manage to find

01:11:30 other birds of their species.

01:11:32 A grizzly has an incredibly strong bite force.

01:11:34 It may seem cute,

01:11:36 but if you approach this big guy,

01:11:38 you'd better stay out of reach

01:11:40 of his sharp claws

01:11:42 and especially of his mouth.

01:11:44 His bite force is more than 8 million Pascals,

01:11:46 which means he can crush

01:11:48 a bowling ball.

01:11:50 Some animals have thick stripes,

01:11:52 others are more superficial.

01:11:54 Tigers are part of the first group.

01:11:56 Not only their fur is striped,

01:11:58 but their skin is too.

01:12:00 It's the same for other big fur felines

01:12:02 like snow leopards.

01:12:04 Giraffes and zebras

01:12:06 are part of the second group

01:12:08 because they have patterns

01:12:10 only on their fur.

01:12:12 Speaking of zebras,

01:12:14 do you think they are black with white stripes

01:12:16 or white with black stripes?

01:12:18 It seems that the second option is the right one.

01:12:20 Their black stripes

01:12:22 end mainly inside their legs

01:12:24 and on their bellies,

01:12:26 and the rest is white.

01:12:28 But it's not true. Surprisingly,

01:12:30 they are black with white stripes.

01:12:32 All their fur, whether white or black,

01:12:34 grows from follicles

01:12:36 containing cells called melanocytes.

01:12:38 All animals have these cells.

01:12:40 They produce a pigment called melanin

01:12:42 that gives color to their hair

01:12:44 and skin.

01:12:46 The chemical message indicates

01:12:48 which melanocyte sends the pigment

01:12:50 to which area of the fur.

01:12:52 That's why zebras have black and white patterns.

01:12:54 But white is not a pure pigment.

01:12:56 It's a lack of melanin.

01:12:58 Black is their default color.

01:13:00 Koalas have fingerprints

01:13:02 so close to ours

01:13:04 that they could even alter crime scenes.

01:13:06 Apparently, they don't have much in common

01:13:08 with humans.

01:13:10 But look closely at their hands.

01:13:12 They have distinctive loops and arches.

01:13:14 So if a koala wants to do something illegal,

01:13:16 it would be good if it wore gloves.

01:13:18 Phantom crabs

01:13:20 growl when they are in the presence

01:13:22 of creatures they don't like or find threatening.

01:13:24 They do it by using

01:13:26 their stomach teeth.

01:13:28 First, they let you know that they will defend themselves

01:13:30 if you try something by showing you their claws.

01:13:32 If it doesn't work,

01:13:34 they emit a scary growling like dogs.

01:13:36 But the noise comes from

01:13:38 rubbing their three long and hard teeth

01:13:40 inside their stomach.

01:13:42 Phantom crabs make the same noise

01:13:44 when they chew food.

01:13:46 Speaking of teeth,

01:13:48 did you know that narwhal's defense

01:13:50 is actually a kind of upside-down tooth?

01:13:52 Unlike most other whales,

01:13:54 narwhals are the only ones

01:13:56 to have a large defense, or tooth,

01:13:58 that grows inside their jaw.

01:14:00 They have up to

01:14:02 10 million nerve endings

01:14:04 that are not protected,

01:14:06 which means that their defense is very sensitive

01:14:08 to all kinds of contact.

01:14:10 It's almost like a piece of skin

01:14:12 because defense generally doesn't have

01:14:14 many nerve endings.

01:14:16 Nearly 95% of humans are right-handed,

01:14:18 and it's the same for dolphins.

01:14:20 There are even more right-handed people

01:14:22 among them than among humans.

01:14:24 In a research, scientists

01:14:26 discovered that dolphins

01:14:28 turn to the left more than 99% of the time,

01:14:30 which means they are right-handed.

01:14:32 They place their right side

01:14:34 and their right eye closer to the bottom of the ocean

01:14:36 when they go to look for their prey,

01:14:38 such as squids, shrimps,

01:14:40 or small fish.

01:14:42 Other interesting facts about the ocean.

01:14:44 Did you know that humpback whales

01:14:46 use bubbles when they chase their prey?

01:14:48 We might think that they don't need

01:14:50 any particular method, given their size,

01:14:52 but when they chase their prey in deep waters,

01:14:54 these whales team up

01:14:56 and use a technique called "bubble netting".

01:14:58 While swimming in an ascending spiral,

01:15:00 they blow bubbles underwater.

01:15:02 These bubbles prevent the fish from escaping.

01:15:04 The oldest evidence

01:15:06 that we have of domesticated cats

01:15:08 dates back to 12,000 years ago.

01:15:10 Researchers discovered it 20 years ago

01:15:12 by digging in an ancient village in Cyprus.

01:15:14 They found bones of cats

01:15:16 right next to human bones,

01:15:18 which suggests they were close

01:15:20 even when their lives were coming to an end.

01:15:22 Humans were hunters,

01:15:24 so they domesticated dogs first

01:15:26 about 29,000 years ago.

01:15:28 Dogs helped them catch other animals,

01:15:30 but they didn't think they needed cats

01:15:32 until they began to sedentary

01:15:34 and stock up on food.

01:15:36 Mice are often found

01:15:38 in cereal stores,

01:15:40 and cats proved to be very useful

01:15:42 at this time.

01:15:44 Macaws are very ingenious

01:15:46 when they want to scratch their bodies.

01:15:48 They can probably be proud

01:15:50 of their magnificent beaks,

01:15:52 but they obviously think it's not enough to scratch.

01:15:54 Researchers have found that they tend

01:15:56 to spontaneously take a small wooden stick

01:15:58 to scratch a place that eats them.

01:16:00 There is a special type of ant

01:16:02 that only lives in a small part of Manhattan.

01:16:04 Broadway's "Earth Full"

01:16:06 between 63rd and 76th Streets

01:16:08 is the place that these rampant creatures

01:16:10 have decided to choose.

01:16:12 The manatee ant seems to come from Europe,

01:16:14 but no European species

01:16:16 can really look like it.

01:16:18 Hey, Potter fans,

01:16:20 can you believe there is such a thing

01:16:22 as a chocolate frog?

01:16:24 Well, not exactly,

01:16:26 but it looks like it.

01:16:28 New Guinea and Australia

01:16:30 have not always been separated.

01:16:32 They have spent millions of years together

01:16:34 until, about 12,000 years ago,

01:16:36 the sea level separated them.

01:16:38 As they have stayed together for so long,

01:16:40 some animals and some plants

01:16:42 still live in both regions,

01:16:44 including the White's frogs.

01:16:46 These frogs have spread very far,

01:16:48 and some of them,

01:16:50 who live in hot and swampy regions

01:16:52 surrounded by many crocodiles,

01:16:54 seem to be chocolate.

01:16:56 We all know pink flamingos

01:16:58 for their particular colour,

01:17:00 but they are not really pink.

01:17:02 They are born grey and would remain so

01:17:04 if they did not feed on blue algae

01:17:06 and shrimp.

01:17:08 These foods contain a specific natural colour,

01:17:10 which explains why pink flamingos' feathers

01:17:12 turn pink over time.

01:17:14 When Tasmanian little devils

01:17:16 grow up and leave their mother,

01:17:18 they regroup and form bonds

01:17:20 that last a lifetime.

01:17:22 Cows also have stronger social bonds

01:17:24 than we think.

01:17:26 They are also more likely to

01:17:28 befriend each other.

01:17:30 A study has even shown that their

01:17:32 heart rate increases significantly

01:17:34 in signs of stress when they are

01:17:36 separated from their best friends.

01:17:38 Imagine that you can simply freeze

01:17:40 during the cold winter days

01:17:42 instead of listening to your teeth

01:17:44 crack and trying to close your jacket.

01:17:46 This is what frogs can do.

01:17:48 Aquatic frogs mainly hibernate

01:17:50 underwater and spend most of the winter

01:17:52 at the bottom of a pond,

01:17:54 where they can't swim.

01:17:56 Frogs and toads generally have cold blood,

01:17:58 which means that the temperature of their body

01:18:00 is similar to that of their environment.

01:18:02 Thus, frogs can freeze during the winter

01:18:04 due to a high concentration of sugar

01:18:06 or glucose in their vital organs.

01:18:08 Once frozen,

01:18:10 they continue as if nothing had happened.

01:18:12 Pigeons have three hearts

01:18:14 and blue blood.

01:18:16 They can move at a speed of 40 km/h

01:18:18 and project ink,

01:18:20 which not only blurs the predator's visual field,

01:18:22 but also makes it darker.

01:18:24 Pigeons also have nine brains,

01:18:26 the central brain

01:18:28 and eight smaller brains located in their arms.

01:18:30 This is why their arms can open a shell

01:18:32 while the central brain

01:18:34 is busy doing something else.

01:18:36 A pigeon even tastes with its arms.

01:18:38 It has cells in its ventral cavity

01:18:40 that allow the arm to touch

01:18:42 and taste in order to detect

01:18:44 the chemical substances produced

01:18:46 by marine creatures.

01:18:48 In this way, a pigeon can distinguish

01:18:50 between a frog and a frog.

01:18:52 You work in a large natural reserve

01:18:54 that houses more than a thousand species of animals.

01:18:56 At night, you drive through the area

01:18:58 in a jeep to see if everything is going well.

01:19:00 Most of the animals are asleep.

01:19:02 Suddenly, you hear the monkeys screaming.

01:19:04 They jump from branch to branch.

01:19:06 A herd of wild horses

01:19:08 come out of the forest running.

01:19:10 They seem worried too.

01:19:12 You hear many animals crying.

01:19:14 It seems that a strange and unknown thing

01:19:16 has awakened and horrified

01:19:18 the whole reserve.

01:19:20 You see a flash in the night sky.

01:19:22 It's a meteorite

01:19:24 and it flies straight at you.

01:19:26 You get in your car,

01:19:28 you press the accelerator

01:19:30 and you move as far as possible.

01:19:32 The space rock falls right in front of you

01:19:34 and projects your vehicle on the side.

01:19:36 You faint.

01:19:38 The meteorite falls

01:19:40 and emits a strange yellow glow.

01:19:42 You are unconscious inside your car,

01:19:44 upside down.

01:19:46 The animals have calmed down.

01:19:48 Thousands of them approach

01:19:50 the meteorite silently.

01:19:52 Its energy envelops you

01:19:54 and all the animals around.

01:19:56 The more energy it radiates,

01:19:58 the smaller the space rock.

01:20:00 In the morning, the meteorite evaporates in the air.

01:20:02 It has absorbed the power of the animals

01:20:04 and transmitted it to you.

01:20:06 You wake up in the grass

01:20:08 near your car, surrounded by several people.

01:20:10 These are the employees of the reserve

01:20:12 and dark-clad agents.

01:20:14 They study the crater in the ground

01:20:16 and ask you what happened.

01:20:18 You tell them about the meteorite

01:20:20 and they order you to follow them.

01:20:22 One of them grabs you tightly by the shoulders.

01:20:24 You don't like it and you want to escape.

01:20:26 Two agents hold you.

01:20:28 You get angry

01:20:30 and you feel your muscles contract

01:20:32 and your skin is covered with fur.

01:20:34 You quickly push back the men

01:20:36 and you roar.

01:20:38 Your nails have turned into claws.

01:20:40 You have received the powers of a bear

01:20:42 that is as strong and ferocious.

01:20:44 You flee into the forest,

01:20:46 but the agents follow you.

01:20:48 You want to be faster

01:20:50 and you feel your spine change shape.

01:20:52 You run now on all fours very fast.

01:20:54 You have the power of the cheetah,

01:20:56 the fastest animal on earth.

01:20:58 It's incredible!

01:21:00 You can use your mind

01:21:02 to acquire the powers of any animal.

01:21:04 You hide in the forest.

01:21:06 The agents are far behind you.

01:21:08 You hear a helicopter in the sky.

01:21:10 They project a beam of light from a projector.

01:21:12 Ouch! They noticed you!

01:21:14 The agents use a megaphone

01:21:16 to ask you to stop.

01:21:18 But you know what awaits you.

01:21:20 Laboratories, experiments,

01:21:22 life in a cage.

01:21:24 You have seen a lot of movies about it,

01:21:26 so you won't give up.

01:21:28 You run out of the forest.

01:21:30 They shoot arrows at you.

01:21:32 You quickly head towards a large lake

01:21:34 and dive in.

01:21:36 Branches form on your neck.

01:21:38 It's so good to let water flow through it.

01:21:40 Palms have grown on your arms

01:21:42 and your legs.

01:21:44 Your feet are like fins.

01:21:46 Your legs merge to form a long tail

01:21:48 and you are now a morse.

01:21:50 You quickly cross the lake while swimming

01:21:52 and land on the other side of the shore.

01:21:54 Several cars and motorcycles

01:21:56 go around the lake to catch up with you.

01:21:58 There is another forest in front of you,

01:22:00 but this time it is too dense.

01:22:02 There is no space to run fast,

01:22:04 but you can have the strength of a monkey.

01:22:06 Your hands stretch

01:22:08 and your fingers become stronger.

01:22:10 You jump on a tree,

01:22:12 you climb to the top

01:22:14 and you scan the reserve with your eyes.

01:22:16 You have to go south

01:22:18 and reach a small town to recover.

01:22:20 After a few hours,

01:22:22 you reach the limit of the reserve.

01:22:24 You now have to jump over a high cliff.

01:22:26 Your legs become strong.

01:22:28 You jump like a kangaroo,

01:22:30 but it's not high enough.

01:22:32 You fall to the ground.

01:22:34 A helicopter catches up with you.

01:22:36 You acquire the powers of a lizard.

01:22:38 Sticky scales grow on your palms.

01:22:40 You quickly climb the concrete wall

01:22:42 and jump on the other side.

01:22:44 You find yourself in the tall grass.

01:22:46 Agents come to you from all sides.

01:22:48 You think of transforming yourself into a snake.

01:22:50 Your arms and legs merge with your body.

01:22:52 You can now crawl.

01:22:54 You pass in front of all the agents

01:22:56 and you find yourself on the road.

01:22:58 You see a car in the distance.

01:23:00 You raise your hand

01:23:02 and it asks you to stop.

01:23:04 Oh no, it's the agent's car!

01:23:06 It surrounds you.

01:23:08 The helicopter's projector is pointed at you.

01:23:10 You have nowhere to go.

01:23:12 But you can fly!

01:23:14 Your clothes rip in your back.

01:23:16 Huge wings grow from your shoulder blades.

01:23:18 You rise in the air.

01:23:20 It's pretty cold here,

01:23:22 but the feathers on your body protect you from the wind.

01:23:24 Great! You can fly!

01:23:26 It's incredible, but...

01:23:28 Ouch! You feel like someone pinched you from behind.

01:23:30 It's an arrow.

01:23:32 They got you.

01:23:34 You want to sleep,

01:23:36 but you let yourself go down.

01:23:38 You land abruptly near a small wooden house.

01:23:40 Agents run to you.

01:23:42 You acquire the powers of another animal

01:23:44 and you faint.

01:23:46 The agents search the house,

01:23:48 but can't find you.

01:23:50 Maybe the arrow with the sleeping pill didn't work on you.

01:23:52 After a few minutes,

01:23:54 they leave again.

01:23:56 During this time, you sleep peacefully

01:23:58 on the wall of the house.

01:24:00 At the last second,

01:24:02 you acquire the powers of a chameleon.

01:24:04 You merge with the wall

01:24:06 and become invisible.

01:24:08 You sleep a few more hours.

01:24:10 The sun rises.

01:24:12 A rusty Jeep stops in the yard.

01:24:14 An old man and a dog come out.

01:24:16 The dog runs to you

01:24:18 and starts licking your face.

01:24:20 The old man realizes that there is an invisible person in front of him.

01:24:22 You regain your senses

01:24:24 and tell the old man what happened to you.

01:24:26 He gives you food

01:24:28 and clean clothes.

01:24:30 You thank him and leave.

01:24:32 Now, you have to leave the country as soon as possible.

01:24:34 You think of transforming yourself

01:24:36 into a bat.

01:24:38 Palm-shaped wings grow in your back

01:24:40 and you have cramps.

01:24:42 You fly without seeing anything.

01:24:44 Your sight is deteriorated,

01:24:46 but your hearing is simply fantastic.

01:24:48 You have the power of echolocation

01:24:50 and you can emit ultrasonic waves

01:24:52 at high frequencies.

01:24:54 When you go far away,

01:24:56 you hear the cry of a familiar person.

01:24:58 Oh no, it's the old man!

01:25:00 The agents have caught him.

01:25:02 You turn around and fly directly

01:25:04 to the house.

01:25:06 One of the agents sees you.

01:25:08 He screams in terror.

01:25:10 You land and transform yourself into a rhinoceros.

01:25:12 Your body becomes huge

01:25:14 and your nose extends.

01:25:16 You accelerate and knock down several agents.

01:25:18 Then you turn their car around,

01:25:20 run into the house and free the old man.

01:25:22 He climbs on your back because you are now a horse

01:25:24 and you are going far away.

01:25:26 You reach the mountains.

01:25:28 The old man looks tired but grateful.

01:25:30 You can't share his joy

01:25:32 because you don't know how it's all going to end.

01:25:34 You ask the old man to hide

01:25:36 while you distract the pursuers.

01:25:38 You think of another animal.

01:25:42 Your legs and arms transform into a sabo.

01:25:44 You climb on top of a cliff like a goat.

01:25:46 They can't catch you.

01:25:48 But at that moment,

01:25:50 the helicopter appears again.

01:25:52 An agent aims at you with an arrow.

01:25:54 Needles grow in your back.

01:25:56 You have the powers of an epic pig.

01:25:58 You shoot some needles at the agent.

01:26:00 This distracts him for a few minutes.

01:26:02 At that moment,

01:26:04 a puma jumps on you

01:26:06 from nowhere.

01:26:08 He grabs you.

01:26:10 You think of a lion and get his powers.

01:26:12 You put yourself on your hind legs and roar very loudly.

01:26:14 The puma gets scared and runs away.

01:26:16 The helicopter flies away.

01:26:18 You speed up, jump off the cliff

01:26:20 and get the powers of the fastest bird in the world,

01:26:22 the falcon.

01:26:24 You make a quick dive

01:26:26 and land in the forest.

01:26:28 You must now find the old man.

01:26:30 You have a dog's muzzle.

01:26:32 You can now smell your friend

01:26:34 and go to him.

01:26:36 At that moment,

01:26:38 you find an excellent plan to stop the agents.

01:26:40 Lions, elephants and bears.

01:26:44 Three of the most majestic members

01:26:46 of the animal kingdom.

01:26:48 Could there be something

01:26:50 that intimidates these creatures?

01:26:52 You might be surprised.

01:26:54 Let's start with the king

01:26:56 universally recognized by animals,

01:26:58 the lion.

01:27:00 Some claim that this big cat

01:27:02 from the savannah

01:27:04 is afraid of the most vital substance

01:27:06 known to man.

01:27:08 A little hint,

01:27:10 it covers 70% of the Earth's surface.

01:27:12 Really?

01:27:14 The lion would be afraid of water.

01:27:16 No, it's a myth.

01:27:18 Lions like to bathe,

01:27:20 especially because it allows them to refresh themselves.

01:27:22 This makes sense when we think of the climate

01:27:26 in which these creatures must live.

01:27:28 The temperatures in a savannah climate

01:27:30 range from 20 to 30 degrees.

01:27:32 We humans

01:27:34 really want to go to the beach

01:27:36 as soon as the weather is warm.

01:27:38 So why should we expect something different

01:27:40 from the lion?

01:27:42 We consider that these creatures

01:27:44 generally weigh between 127 and 190 kilos,

01:27:46 twice the weight of a fur coat.

01:27:48 The irony of this myth

01:27:52 is that lions are afraid of water

01:27:54 and are excellent swimmers.

01:27:56 The same goes for all the other big cats

01:27:58 in these hot climates,

01:28:00 such as tigers, leopards,

01:28:02 jaguars and ocelots.

01:28:04 It is the big cats

01:28:06 in cold climates

01:28:08 that do their best to avoid water.

01:28:10 They apply this to felines

01:28:12 such as wild cats, lynxes and snow leopards.

01:28:14 These animals live in the cold biome

01:28:18 of the Alpine tundra,

01:28:20 a rocky and mountainous area.

01:28:22 The temperatures there drop to 1 degree.

01:28:24 Once again, it is perfectly logical

01:28:28 that these big cats in cold climates

01:28:30 are afraid of water.

01:28:32 Soaking their fur would reduce their chances

01:28:34 of maintaining their heat.

01:28:36 But we must not go far

01:28:38 without understanding where the myth

01:28:40 that lions are afraid of water comes from.

01:28:42 In fact, there is a good chance

01:28:44 that the reason is near

01:28:46 your computer screen right now,

01:28:48 jumping everywhere

01:28:50 and doing stupid things.

01:28:52 It is true that we may have jumped

01:28:54 a little too quickly to the conclusion

01:28:56 that some behavioral aspects

01:28:58 of our own cats would correspond

01:29:00 to those of a lion.

01:29:02 Domestic cats,

01:29:04 although related to all the big felines

01:29:06 in the world, do not come

01:29:08 directly from them.

01:29:10 They have developed over millions of years

01:29:12 from a single wild ancestor

01:29:14 that still exists today in nature,

01:29:16 the wild cat of Africa.

01:29:18 As the water is not abundant

01:29:20 in North Africa and the Middle East,

01:29:22 these cats have not been exposed much there.

01:29:24 And like their descendants,

01:29:26 they only appreciate it for drinking it.

01:29:28 As you probably see

01:29:30 with your pet,

01:29:32 they rarely bathe and interact

01:29:34 with the water in general.

01:29:36 Fortunately for them,

01:29:38 they do not need it.

01:29:40 These domestic cats use their tongues

01:29:42 to clean themselves.

01:29:44 It is equipped with tiny hooks

01:29:46 that help cats to make the knots

01:29:48 disappear and keep their fur clean.

01:29:50 Very fragrant and in a generally

01:29:52 impeccable state.

01:29:54 Cats are generally

01:29:56 fiercely individualistic creatures.

01:29:58 And you may be insulting yourself

01:30:00 in front of your screen

01:30:02 for your own sake.

01:30:04 Some cats even like to play with,

01:30:06 for example, the drops of the tap

01:30:08 or the bubbles in your bath.

01:30:10 There are specific breeds

01:30:12 of domestic cats

01:30:14 known to appreciate aquatic life

01:30:16 more than others.

01:30:18 The Turk of Van, for example,

01:30:20 which is also known

01:30:22 under the appropriate name of "swimmer cat".

01:30:24 We think that this breed has developed

01:30:26 an affinity for water by swimming

01:30:28 in Lake Van to cool off.

01:30:30 It is a very popular place

01:30:32 where these animals have evolved.

01:30:34 Let's now turn to a problem

01:30:36 that a cat has absolutely no way of dealing with.

01:30:38 Have you ever heard of

01:30:40 "musophobia"?

01:30:42 Also known as "suriphobia",

01:30:44 these two words mean

01:30:46 a fear of mice and rats.

01:30:48 There is a popular belief

01:30:50 that the elephant suffers from this phobia.

01:30:52 This animal measures

01:30:54 about 3 meters

01:30:56 and weighs 4,000 kg.

01:30:58 And he would be afraid of a creature

01:31:00 that only measures 10 cm

01:31:02 and weighs less than a few grams?

01:31:04 How did this belief come about?

01:31:06 Well, the basis of this rumor

01:31:08 is the possibility

01:31:10 that elephants are indeed

01:31:12 paranoid,

01:31:14 so that mice can climb

01:31:16 into their trunks.

01:31:18 If a mouse managed to do it,

01:31:20 there would be a risk that it would cause

01:31:22 an irritation and a blockage

01:31:24 inside it.

01:31:26 But in the case of the elephant,

01:31:28 this belief is also a myth.

01:31:30 Researchers say that there is

01:31:32 no concrete evidence

01:31:34 that elephants are afraid of mice.

01:31:36 Moreover, they say that

01:31:38 the gigantic animal can sometimes

01:31:40 be afraid of the sudden appearance

01:31:42 of the little rodent,

01:31:44 which is exactly the same for us.

01:31:46 Experts also say that even if

01:31:48 a mouse managed to get into

01:31:50 the trunk of an elephant,

01:31:52 it could make it come out

01:31:54 of the trunk of the elephant.

01:31:56 There is also evidence that in most cases,

01:31:58 the animal is not disturbed by rodents

01:32:00 and even allows mice to climb

01:32:02 on its head and trunk.

01:32:04 Researchers are sure that as long as

01:32:06 an elephant is in good health,

01:32:08 there is no other animal that it fears,

01:32:10 and this simply because of its size.

01:32:12 Thus, elephants are not afraid of water

01:32:14 and elephants do not seem to be afraid

01:32:16 of mice.

01:32:18 But is at least one of these rumors

01:32:20 of animal fear true?

01:32:22 It is a question of whether

01:32:24 the bear has a legitimate fear.

01:32:26 Well, it would be to count

01:32:28 without the best friend of man.

01:32:30 Yes, bears feel quite uncomfortable

01:32:34 when they are in the presence of dogs,

01:32:36 and this despite a genetic relationship

01:32:38 distant with them.

01:32:40 When the two creatures meet,

01:32:42 the dog is able to chase, intimidate,

01:32:44 trap or counteract the bear.

01:32:46 As for the powerful animal,

01:32:48 it will rather try to avoid

01:32:50 any confrontation with the dog.

01:32:52 There is even a Finnish dog breed

01:32:54 known as "Kareli's Bear Dog".

01:32:56 This species is specially used

01:32:58 to hold the heads of large animals

01:33:00 like bears.

01:33:02 This dog has an excellent sense

01:33:04 of orientation, great flexibility

01:33:06 and mastery of its body, courage,

01:33:08 a good smell and perseverance.

01:33:10 This means that you can walk

01:33:12 with your dog in a known area

01:33:14 to shelter bears and feel

01:33:16 absolutely serene and confident

01:33:18 thanks to the presence of your faithful companion.

01:33:20 Not really.

01:33:22 Even if bears can be nervous

01:33:24 in the presence of dogs,

01:33:26 we must not forget their size or their power.

01:33:28 The American black bear can reach

01:33:30 a height of nearly 2 meters

01:33:32 and weigh up to 300 kg.

01:33:34 If a bear mother has nowhere to go

01:33:36 or if she feels that her cubs are in danger,

01:33:38 it is quite possible

01:33:40 that she gets angry,

01:33:42 which can lead to big problems

01:33:44 for you or your dog.

01:33:46 No one should ever try this theory.

01:33:48 Instead, if you plan to visit

01:33:50 an unknown area with your dog one day,

01:33:52 you should first familiarize yourself

01:33:54 with the fauna you will encounter there.

01:33:56 Because you never know

01:33:58 what a bear will do

01:34:00 when it notices you with your puppy,

01:34:02 especially if you take into account

01:34:04 their slight xenophobia,

01:34:06 which is the name given to the fear of dogs.

01:34:08 At least we have managed

01:34:10 to find a real fear of another animal

01:34:12 among these three cadors

01:34:14 of the food chain.

01:34:16 But isn't it strange that the dog

01:34:18 that brings so much joy and comfort

01:34:20 to many of us is also

01:34:22 a rather puny creature

01:34:24 to confront a bear?

01:34:26 Well, not all heroes wear a cape.

01:34:28 Some simply wear fur and a collar.

01:34:30 And while we're at it,

01:34:32 why not take a look

01:34:34 at what frightens our faithful fur companions?

01:34:36 Have you ever wondered

01:34:38 why your dog is uncomfortable

01:34:40 when it hears loud noises?

01:34:42 The answer varies for each dog,

01:34:44 but it is the simple unpredictability

01:34:46 of the thunder and lightning

01:34:48 or strong detonations

01:34:50 accompanied by fireworks

01:34:52 that cause your dog to be uncomfortable.

01:34:54 The inability to understand

01:34:56 what causes this deafening noise

01:34:58 can cause your dog to tremble,

01:35:00 to get his tail between his legs

01:35:02 or even to run away from home.

01:35:04 Another situation that can really

01:35:06 frighten your faithful fur companions

01:35:08 is when we leave them alone.

01:35:10 This can unfortunately become

01:35:12 a nightmare for your neighbors

01:35:14 because a common symptom of this fear

01:35:16 is excessive barking.

01:35:18 This fear can also cause problems

01:35:20 closer to home.

01:35:22 Have you ever wondered

01:35:24 why your dog had scratched your sofa?

01:35:26 These learning accidents are typical

01:35:28 when a dog suffers from anxiety

01:35:30 due to separation.

01:35:32 But you can't stay angry

01:35:34 against your dog for long, can you?

01:35:36 Your best friend will catch up

01:35:38 with you.

01:35:40 The megalodon was one of the largest

01:35:42 and fiercest creatures on our planet.

01:35:44 Powerful jaws,

01:35:46 sharp teeth like razors,

01:35:48 gigantic size.

01:35:50 But did you know the sound it made?

01:35:52 Imagine the grunt

01:35:54 imbuing the underwater world

01:35:56 with sound vibrations.

01:35:58 This sound was like nothing else.

01:36:00 The megalodon did not make a sound.

01:36:02 It was a shark

01:36:04 and it had no sound-producing organs.

01:36:06 But you could have heard it anyway.

01:36:08 Imagine yourself underwater,

01:36:10 raise your hand and lower it quickly.

01:36:12 Now imagine you have a big submarine

01:36:14 instead of your hand.

01:36:16 You hear the water moving around the hull.

01:36:18 That's what the megalodon's sound

01:36:20 sounded like.

01:36:22 When this monster climbed to the surface

01:36:24 and opened its jaws,

01:36:26 it made the sound of a waterfall.

01:36:28 This giant shark swam at high speed.

01:36:30 When the water passed through its mouth

01:36:32 and its gills,

01:36:34 it made a powerful roar.

01:36:36 The megalodon

01:36:38 did not make a sound,

01:36:40 except for the water flowing.

01:36:42 Other ancient fish could make sounds,

01:36:44 but they were barely heard.

01:36:46 I'm not talking about whales, dolphins

01:36:48 and their ancestors,

01:36:50 because they are mammals.

01:36:52 Fish communicated on frequencies

01:36:54 inaudible to the human ear.

01:36:56 Some still have this ability.

01:36:58 But overall, the ocean was

01:37:00 and remains a rather quiet place.

01:37:02 So we went to ancient lands

01:37:04 to hear what kind of sounds were produced.

01:37:06 Thanks to modern technology,

01:37:08 scientists can recreate

01:37:10 the sounds produced by many

01:37:12 missing species.

01:37:14 Using scanners,

01:37:16 they discovered that some dinosaurs

01:37:18 had complex systems of small holes

01:37:20 in the skull that allowed them

01:37:22 to produce a wide range of sounds

01:37:24 and regulate the temperature of their bodies.

01:37:26 And we managed to recreate them.

01:37:28 The vegavis,

01:37:30 an ancient bird that lived

01:37:32 from 79 to 145 million years ago,

01:37:34 made a similar cry

01:37:36 to that of some low-ranking birds

01:37:38 like ducks and eagles.

01:37:40 But this creature

01:37:42 made it much more frightening.

01:37:44 Scientists discovered it

01:37:46 thanks to a syrinx fossil

01:37:48 found in 2016 in Antarctica.

01:37:50 It is the oldest vocal organ

01:37:52 known in the world.

01:37:54 It helped the vegavis

01:37:56 to produce a double quaking.

01:37:58 Imagine a nut and a duck

01:38:00 that cry and multiply the volume.

01:38:02 That's what its cry sounded like.

01:38:04 Other flying reptiles,

01:38:06 like the pterodactyl,

01:38:08 couldn't cry like the vegavis

01:38:10 because it didn't have a syrinx.

01:38:12 These winged monsters could groan,

01:38:14 whistle and clack their beaks

01:38:16 and it was already very effective.

01:38:18 Take any great basketball player.

01:38:20 The pterodactyl's skull

01:38:22 was slightly larger.

01:38:24 Imagine the noise the dinosaur made

01:38:26 when it clacked such a beak.

01:38:28 It must have been enough

01:38:30 to scare other creatures.

01:38:32 You probably know the noise

01:38:34 a tyrannosaur makes thanks to movies.

01:38:36 And you would recognize among thousands

01:38:38 its roar, similar to a trombone,

01:38:40 a vacuum cleaner and a horn.

01:38:42 Well, this roar is not really close

01:38:44 to the real sound this monster

01:38:46 could emit.

01:38:48 Thanks to modern technology

01:38:50 and well-preserved fossils,

01:38:52 scientists have managed to simulate

01:38:54 the sound of a tyrannosaur's roar.

01:38:56 Imagine you're downloading

01:38:58 T-rex data in a program

01:39:00 and you're getting ready

01:39:02 to hear its terrifying roar.

01:39:04 You press play and...

01:39:06 it sounds like a gas.

01:39:08 The cry of the tyrannosaurus rex

01:39:10 was more like a bird's

01:39:12 and not a mammal's.

01:39:14 But it wasn't just a cry.

01:39:16 It used its nostrils to scream

01:39:18 and not its mouth.

01:39:20 A burble came out of its chest

01:39:22 and it sounded much more intimidating

01:39:24 than what you see in movies.

01:39:26 It was louder than all the trumpets

01:39:28 of a symphonic orchestra.

01:39:30 And it did it only

01:39:32 through its nose.

01:39:34 We don't know for sure

01:39:36 if it could roar or not by its mouth.

01:39:38 We can also hear the sound

01:39:40 of long-nosed dinosaurs in movies.

01:39:42 Their cries were similar to those

01:39:44 of elephants, something between

01:39:46 a saxophone and a car horn.

01:39:48 But in fact, these big creatures

01:39:50 were whispering.

01:39:52 Almost all mammals emit sounds

01:39:54 through their laryngeal nerves.

01:39:56 This nerve goes down the neck

01:39:58 and then goes around the blood vessels

01:40:00 of the chest and back to the larynx.

01:40:02 Basically, the brain gives a signal

01:40:04 and it goes twice the distance

01:40:06 of the neck before going out of the mouth.

01:40:08 Remember the long-nosed dinosaur.

01:40:10 It was the height of a five-story building.

01:40:12 But the vocal signal had to go

01:40:14 the equivalent of ten floors.

01:40:16 It took a long time

01:40:18 which affected their roar.

01:40:20 So when it wanted to emit a sound,

01:40:22 it simply whistled

01:40:24 like a giant viper.

01:40:26 But the most detailed sound

01:40:28 that scientists have managed to obtain

01:40:30 is that of the Parasaurolophus.

01:40:32 We recognize this herbivorous dinosaur

01:40:34 thanks to its long crest

01:40:36 at the back of its head.

01:40:38 In movies and documentaries,

01:40:40 it is used to fight its opponents.

01:40:42 Some scientists think

01:40:44 they also used it to drop fruits

01:40:46 and leaves from trees.

01:40:48 Others think they needed it

01:40:50 to improve their smell.

01:40:52 But it turned out that in addition

01:40:54 to defending and fighting,

01:40:56 they used their crest to emit

01:40:58 powerful and frightening sounds

01:41:00 in different tones.

01:41:02 Scientists reproduced them

01:41:04 with fantastic precision

01:41:06 thanks to the structure of this hard tissue.

01:41:08 Almost all living beings

01:41:10 with a voice use soft organs

01:41:12 to emit sounds.

01:41:14 The Parasaurolophus

01:41:16 had solid organs.

01:41:18 On a skull,

01:41:20 tubes connected the nostrils

01:41:22 to the crest and came back to the latter.

01:41:24 It was like a turntable,

01:41:26 a curved instrument.

01:41:28 This proves that this dinosaur

01:41:30 used the crest at the back of its head

01:41:32 to amplify its cries,

01:41:34 which allowed it to "clarinate"

01:41:36 so that its relatives could hear it in the forest.

01:41:38 It produced a kind of murmur

01:41:40 with low and high notes.

01:41:42 Mix a saxophone and a trumpet

01:41:44 with the cry of a walnut,

01:41:46 a car horn,

01:41:48 and add low frequencies,

01:41:50 then increase the volume.

01:41:52 That's what the Parasaurolophus's cry

01:41:54 looked like.

01:41:56 That's also what my class of CM1 looked like.

01:41:58 You can listen to different sounds

01:42:00 of this dinosaur on the Internet.

01:42:02 It emitted different tones

01:42:04 to create complex social links.

01:42:06 It could communicate, identify,

01:42:08 announce a danger,

01:42:10 or signal its friendly intentions.

01:42:12 We just heard the sound

01:42:14 of some ancient reptiles.

01:42:16 But what about the ancient insects?

01:42:18 They didn't have vocal cords,

01:42:20 but they used friction

01:42:22 between certain parts of their bodies.

01:42:24 Look at the modern crickets

01:42:26 that play with their wings.

01:42:28 One wing has tiny notches,

01:42:30 and the other has the shape of a pick.

01:42:32 Put your finger on the teeth

01:42:34 of a plastic comb.

01:42:36 It's the same principle.

01:42:38 The sound emitted by the ancient crickets

01:42:40 was very different from that

01:42:42 of the modern insects,

01:42:44 which were much louder.

01:42:46 The sound emitted was more like a whistle.

01:42:48 With high-frequency waves,

01:42:50 it could also communicate secretly,

01:42:52 as if it were on a secure radio channel.

01:42:54 If you heard that,

01:42:56 you would probably have trouble sleeping.

01:42:58 Today, our crickets are less noisy,

01:43:00 because they use more high frequencies.

01:43:02 The higher-frequency waves

01:43:04 propagate less far,

01:43:06 which reduces the risk

01:43:08 that a bat might hear them.

01:43:10 Imagine the noise of the jungle at this time.

01:43:12 The powerful crickets' gas

01:43:14 hurts your ears.

01:43:16 Then you hear the whistle of a brachiosaur.

01:43:18 The clacking of a pterodactyl's beak

01:43:20 makes the sound of a thunderbolt.

01:43:22 Then you hear the sound of trumpets

01:43:24 somewhere in the jungle.

01:43:26 These are parasaurolophus

01:43:28 that communicate with each other.

01:43:30 And then you are scared by the siren of a tyrannosaur.

01:43:32 It's impossible to find peace

01:43:34 in such conditions.

01:43:36 Fortunately, humans appeared

01:43:38 several million years later.

01:43:40 Scientists have also

01:43:42 discovered what the sound

01:43:44 of our ancestors sounded like.

01:43:46 They carefully examined the position

01:43:48 of the mouth, nose and throat

01:43:50 on the skeleton of the Neanderthal man.

01:43:52 His voice was similar to ours,

01:43:54 but the phonetic range of an adult

01:43:56 was the same as that of two or three years old.

01:43:58 A kind of mumbling

01:44:00 without consonants.

01:44:02 The skull's sound did not allow

01:44:04 to recreate precisely the voice of Neanderthals,

01:44:06 but in 2007, scientists

01:44:08 extracted DNA samples

01:44:10 from their bones.

01:44:12 They found a variation of the gene

01:44:14 corresponding to human speech.

01:44:16 Scientists think that Neanderthals

01:44:18 fought with Homo sapiens.

01:44:20 Following this conflict,

01:44:22 their species went extinct.

01:44:24 But the gene discovered indicates

01:44:26 that they could also have other links between them.

01:44:28 Maybe Neanderthals could understand

01:44:30 other languages and even pronounce certain words.

01:44:32 The Ligre is probably

01:44:40 the most popular hybrid animal,

01:44:42 and an incredibly large cat.

01:44:44 You will not find it in nature.

01:44:46 This crossbreeding is most often

01:44:48 done in a deliberate way.

01:44:50 Lions and tigers do not live in the same regions.

01:44:52 The Ligre is a crossbreeding

01:44:54 between a lion and a tigress,

01:44:56 and it can become very large

01:44:58 in a very short time.

01:45:00 These are actually

01:45:02 the largest cats in the world.

01:45:04 Hercules, the largest Ligre known,

01:45:06 is a concrete example.

01:45:08 418 kg and 3.30 m long.

01:45:10 Imagine taking it for a walk.

01:45:14 Ligres are generally

01:45:16 much larger than their parents.

01:45:18 In most cases, they behave

01:45:20 and look more like lions than tigers.

01:45:22 But they also have some

01:45:24 features of a tiger.

01:45:26 For example, they have a striped back

01:45:28 and love to swim.

01:45:30 And now, the tiger.

01:45:32 No one could blame you for thinking

01:45:34 that the tiger and the Ligre are

01:45:36 basically the same animal.

01:45:38 After all, they are both a combination

01:45:40 of tigers and lions.

01:45:42 But the tiger is from the crossbreeding

01:45:44 of a tiger and a lioness.

01:45:46 It is generally more tame than its parents

01:45:48 and much smaller than its giant cousin.

01:45:50 Can we call them cousins?

01:45:52 In most cases,

01:45:54 tigers have a charming look

01:45:56 like their tiger father.

01:45:58 But they also have some interesting features

01:46:00 like their mother.

01:46:02 For example, their socialization

01:46:04 and their ability to roar.

01:46:06 One of the rarest hybrid animals

01:46:08 in the world is the dolphin.

01:46:10 It is from a crossbreeding

01:46:12 between a female great dolphin

01:46:14 and a male false orc.

01:46:16 Its name can be confusing,

01:46:18 but the false orc belongs to the dolphin family.

01:46:20 And it is not even related to the orcs.

01:46:22 The dolphins are a very interesting example

01:46:24 of a 50/50 mix of their two parents.

01:46:26 They have dark grey skin,

01:46:28 which is the perfect mix

01:46:30 between a black false orc

01:46:32 and a light grey dolphin.

01:46:34 Dolphins have between 80 and 100 teeth,

01:46:36 false orcs have 44.

01:46:38 And their little hybrid

01:46:40 is halfway there with 66 teeth.

01:46:42 What would a crossbreeding

01:46:44 between an eagle and a lemur look like?

01:46:46 No need to imagine,

01:46:48 the result exists

01:46:50 and it is a sea lemur.

01:46:52 It lives in the salt marshes of Canada

01:46:54 and New England

01:46:56 and it is probably the weirdest hybrid

01:46:58 you will see in this video,

01:47:00 or even in the world.

01:47:02 Half plant, half animal.

01:47:04 Some lemurs seem to have had the good idea

01:47:06 to take genes from innocent algae

01:47:08 that they fed on,

01:47:10 which explains the similarity.

01:47:12 As they are partially plants themselves,

01:47:14 they can produce the plant pigment

01:47:16 called chlorophyll.

01:47:18 This means that these unusual lemurs

01:47:20 are even capable of photosynthesis.

01:47:22 It is the process used by plants

01:47:24 to transform sunlight into energy.

01:47:26 Thus, they produce their own molecules

01:47:28 that contain energy

01:47:30 without having to eat anything.

01:47:32 When scientists discovered it,

01:47:34 the sea lemur was the first case

01:47:36 of a multicellular animal

01:47:38 capable of producing chlorophyll.

01:47:40 What do you get

01:47:42 if you mix a leopard and a lion?

01:47:44 Another interesting hybrid,

01:47:46 the leopard.

01:47:48 These animals are almost as big as lions,

01:47:50 but they have shorter legs

01:47:52 like their father, the leopard.

01:47:54 They also inherit some of these traits,

01:47:56 such as the passion for climbing

01:47:58 and swimming.

01:48:00 There can also be a union

01:48:02 between a lion and a female leopard,

01:48:04 and the result is called a lipar.

01:48:06 Male lions generally measure

01:48:08 about 3 meters long

01:48:10 and weigh about 230 kg.

01:48:12 The female leopard is much more feminine

01:48:14 and weighs about 36 kg.

01:48:16 The difference in size is so significant

01:48:18 that this union is not so frequent.

01:48:20 Now,

01:48:22 why not a bison with a cow?

01:48:24 When you were a kid,

01:48:26 you might have thought

01:48:28 they could do the housework,

01:48:30 but in reality, this combination

01:48:32 creates an unusual hybrid animal

01:48:34 called the bifalo.

01:48:36 Few hybrid animals can reproduce,

01:48:38 but the bifalo can.

01:48:40 When a grizzly and a polar bear mate,

01:48:42 it gives a bear called a groler

01:48:44 or a pizli,

01:48:46 or a grizzlar,

01:48:48 choose the one you prefer.

01:48:50 You can even see them in nature.

01:48:52 These two types of bears

01:48:54 are usually mutually disliked,

01:48:56 and they are not gifted

01:48:58 to live together in a common habitat.

01:49:00 But even if it's rare,

01:49:02 love can strike anywhere

01:49:04 and give birth to these adorable

01:49:06 caramel-colored hybrids.

01:49:08 In most cases,

01:49:10 they are 1.5 meters tall,

01:49:12 and weigh about 455 kilos.

01:49:14 But they are well equipped

01:49:16 to survive in warmer climates

01:49:18 thanks to the genes

01:49:20 they received from their grizzly family.

01:49:22 Now let's move on to a rather tough animal,

01:49:24 the jaglion.

01:49:26 As its name suggests,

01:49:28 it's a hybrid from the cross between

01:49:30 a jaguar and a lion.

01:49:32 We don't know much about these

01:49:34 big, intriguing felines,

01:49:36 because there are only a few specimens.

01:49:38 But the black jaguar and the lion

01:49:40 eventually gave birth to two little jaglions.

01:49:42 One had a dark grey coat

01:49:44 with black spots,

01:49:46 due to the dominant gene of melanin

01:49:48 that black jaguars usually have.

01:49:50 The other had a lion's color

01:49:52 and jaguar's rosette-shaped spots.

01:49:54 You guessed it,

01:49:58 there is also the liguard,

01:50:00 a hybrid between a female jaguar

01:50:02 and a male lion.

01:50:04 Speaking of wild cats,

01:50:06 have you ever heard of savannah cats?

01:50:08 They belong to both the category

01:50:10 of domestic animals

01:50:12 and that of exotic hybrids,

01:50:14 as they are the mix of a domestic cat

01:50:16 and a type of hybrid African serval.

01:50:18 We are talking about an amazing animal here,

01:50:20 almost the size of a domestic cat.

01:50:22 But what gives it its exotic aspect

01:50:24 are its long body,

01:50:26 its elongated shapes,

01:50:28 and its plush fur.

01:50:30 These cats are extremely loyal,

01:50:32 intelligent and affectionate creatures.

01:50:34 They are a mix of all kinds,

01:50:36 a zebroid.

01:50:38 Technically, it is the name

01:50:40 used to describe a hybrid

01:50:42 from a zebra and any other species.

01:50:44 But if you pair a zebra with a female,

01:50:46 their little ones are called a zebra.

01:50:48 Zebra hybrids usually look like

01:50:50 the animal they have been crossed with,

01:50:52 but with the striped fur of a pure zebra.

01:50:54 Most of these hybrid creatures

01:50:56 do not have a striped fur.

01:50:58 There are stripes,

01:51:00 especially on the non-white areas

01:51:02 of their body and paws.

01:51:04 Speaking of zebra hybrids,

01:51:06 look at this adorable creature.

01:51:08 It is called a zebra.

01:51:10 It is usually fawn-colored,

01:51:12 gray or brown.

01:51:14 It is distinguished by its unique stripes

01:51:16 that are darker on its paws and belly.

01:51:18 Unlike some hybrids like the lyre,

01:51:20 zebras can normally live in the wild.

01:51:22 This is where we meet them,

01:51:24 living their lives in the savannah

01:51:26 and in the bush,

01:51:28 mainly in Africa.

01:51:30 Can you guess what a fawn is?

01:51:32 Yes, it is a combination of a goat

01:51:34 and a sheep.

01:51:36 It is certainly one of the most adorable

01:51:38 hybrid creatures in this video.

01:51:40 Fawns are very rare.

01:51:42 Some experts even think

01:51:44 that it is possible that they are not

01:51:46 real hybrids, but simply sheep

01:51:48 with some genetic anomalies.

01:51:50 After all, sheep and goats

01:51:52 carry a different number of chromosomes,

01:51:54 which means that the mixtures between

01:51:56 species are almost impossible.

01:51:58 When a sheep and a llama

01:52:00 mate, they get a cute little thing

01:52:02 called a kama.

01:52:04 Similar to the bifalo,

01:52:06 the kama is the best of its two parents.

01:52:08 The first kama was born in 1998.

01:52:10 Kamas have no bones,

01:52:12 their body is covered

01:52:14 with a soft and soft fur,

01:52:16 similar to that of the llama.

01:52:18 They can drink a lot of water at once,

01:52:20 which allows them to survive

01:52:22 without water for a very long time.

01:52:26 The coyote and the wolf

01:52:28 are not so unusual for most people,

01:52:30 since the coyote and the wolf

01:52:32 do not look so radically different.

01:52:34 After all,

01:52:36 these two species diverged

01:52:38 about 200,000 years ago.

01:52:40 Today, they are still able

01:52:42 to mate and give birth to coyotes.

01:52:44 People living in eastern Canada

01:52:46 and the United States

01:52:48 may know these intelligent

01:52:50 and adaptable animals that populate

01:52:52 their forests, parks and neighborhoods,

01:52:54 and sometimes even their cities.

01:52:56 These hybrids appeared around the last century,

01:52:58 and they took on the characteristics

01:53:00 of their two parents.

01:53:02 When a coyote is an adult,

01:53:04 it is an intermediate size

01:53:06 between those of its two parents.

01:53:08 But it also weighs 25 kilos more

01:53:10 than pure coyotes and has a larger jaw,

01:53:12 longer legs, smaller ears

01:53:14 and a more chubby tail.

01:53:16 Here is now the narluga,

01:53:18 an extremely rare creature

01:53:20 from the cross between a narwhal

01:53:22 and a beluga.

01:53:24 It is a rather strange animal,

01:53:26 but far from being solitary,

01:53:28 which lives mainly in the North Atlantic.

01:53:30 Scientists have been suspecting

01:53:32 its existence for decades.

01:53:34 In 1990, they found a whale skull

01:53:36 that looked unusual

01:53:38 in the tool shed of an Inuit hunter

01:53:40 in Greenland.

01:53:42 People in this region said

01:53:44 that there were other similar-looking animals

01:53:46 and that they did not correspond

01:53:48 to the description of a beluga

01:53:50 but to the description of a narwhal

01:53:52 and similar fins to that of a beluga.

01:53:54 Narwhals and belugas have a similar size

01:53:56 and share the same family,

01:53:58 that of mono-dentidae.

01:54:00 It may therefore not be surprising

01:54:02 that they can reproduce successfully

01:54:04 in nature.

01:54:06 Despite their cold blood,

01:54:10 crocodiles and alligators

01:54:12 are among the most attentive

01:54:14 and sweetest parents in the animal world.

01:54:16 Seriously, yeah!

01:54:18 The females of these frightening animals

01:54:20 lay from 10 to 60 eggs at a time,

01:54:22 which they then bury in nests

01:54:24 on the river bank.

01:54:26 They build these nests with plants

01:54:28 that they tear with their teeth

01:54:30 and grow together with their hind legs.

01:54:32 Then, the crocodile mothers

01:54:34 patiently wait for a period

01:54:36 of up to 3 months,

01:54:38 protecting their future baby from any danger.

01:54:40 Although crocodiles are themselves

01:54:42 animals as powerful as frightening,

01:54:44 they do not hesitate to request special babysitters

01:54:46 to protect their nests.

01:54:48 The eggs of Ichnem are vermiculated.

01:54:50 It may seem quite risky,

01:54:52 but these birds have formed a mutually beneficial alliance

01:54:54 with the crocodiles.

01:54:56 They place their eggs nearby

01:54:58 and together they make the big reptiles flee,

01:55:00 such as the varans of an island

01:55:02 and other predators.

01:55:04 Crocodiles have an excellent nest.

01:55:06 The cries of the birds warn the mother

01:55:08 of all unwanted guests.

01:55:10 And the crocodile mother comes out of the water

01:55:12 to protect her babies and the bird nests

01:55:14 from predators.

01:55:16 When baby crocodiles are born,

01:55:18 they are the size of a big banana

01:55:20 and it takes them years to reach maturity,

01:55:22 from 4 to 15 years, depending on the species.

01:55:24 In some cases, a female crocodile

01:55:26 helps her babies hatch

01:55:28 by putting the eggs in her mouth

01:55:30 and making them roll.

01:55:32 Crocodile babies tend to stay together

01:55:34 near their mother for the first three years of their lives.

01:55:36 The mother helps her children get out of the nest

01:55:38 and transports them to the water in her mouth.

01:55:40 A female crocodile can put up to 15 babies

01:55:42 in her mouth at the same time

01:55:44 and instinct prevents her from

01:55:46 dropping her jaws.

01:55:48 Thus, the newly hatched babies feel safe

01:55:50 in the crocodile's mouth as if it were

01:55:52 a cradle. A very toothy cradle.

01:55:54 Although the crocodile teaches

01:55:56 its young to hunt

01:55:58 and protects them from predators,

01:56:00 only about 1% of the young survive

01:56:02 until adulthood, due to predators

01:56:04 and climatic conditions.

01:56:06 Sad news for all parents,

01:56:08 but crocodiles are cold-blooded reptiles

01:56:10 and cold-blooded, after all.

01:56:12 The only reason why they cry

01:56:14 is physiological rather than emotional.

01:56:16 When crocodiles spend enough time

01:56:18 out of the water, their eyes become

01:56:20 so dry that they cry to keep them moist.

01:56:22 If a baby crocodile manages to survive

01:56:24 its childhood, it has the chance

01:56:26 to live a very long life.

01:56:28 Just like other reptiles, turtles and whales,

01:56:30 crocodiles show what is called

01:56:32 a negligible senescence,

01:56:34 or in simple terms,

01:56:36 a lack of normal aging.

01:56:38 They don't really age,

01:56:40 but they become bigger and meaner.

01:56:42 They are only afraid of getting sick

01:56:44 or being attacked by other predators.

01:56:46 Although the average life span of crocodiles

01:56:48 varies from 50 to 70 years,

01:56:50 some of them reach more than 100 years.

01:56:52 So, in theory,

01:56:54 someone could meet a 500-year-old crocodile

01:56:56 as huge as a plane

01:56:58 somewhere in the depths of the tropics.

01:57:00 But his chances of surviving

01:57:02 and of making it to this meeting are rather slim,

01:57:04 because the crocodile's appetite

01:57:06 is proportional to its body.

01:57:08 Mr. Freshie, who died at the age of 140,

01:57:10 was the oldest crocodile

01:57:12 studied in captivity.

01:57:14 He was captured in the Moorhead River

01:57:16 in 1970

01:57:18 and lived in the Australia Zoo

01:57:20 in Queensland.

01:57:22 Mr. Freddy bore the name of his species,

01:57:24 the freshwater crocodile,

01:57:26 a breed that was never known

01:57:28 to be taken by humans.

01:57:30 At the age of 10, when crocodiles reach

01:57:32 a body length of about 1.5 to 3 meters,

01:57:34 they become mature enough

01:57:36 to give birth to their own baby.

01:57:38 The mating dance involves

01:57:40 several stages.

01:57:42 Males produce a low-frequency special sound

01:57:44 that humans cannot perceive.

01:57:46 But for female crocodiles,

01:57:48 this sound is like an invitation to become a mother

01:57:50 and to perpetuate the sweet parental tradition.

01:57:52 Of course,

01:57:54 crocodiles are not the only animals

01:57:56 to show remarkable dedication

01:57:58 and family value.

01:58:00 Polar bears, for example,

01:58:02 are very devoted and take their time

01:58:04 to teach their young all the techniques

01:58:06 of survival necessary in a cold climate.

01:58:08 When babies are still in their mother's womb,

01:58:10 polar bears create a special space

01:58:12 by digging deep into the conger.

01:58:14 This space is used as a house

01:58:16 for future bears.

01:58:18 They spend the first months of their lives

01:58:20 receiving milk and the warmth of their mother.

01:58:22 Polar bears usually lay eggs

01:58:24 between November and January

01:58:26 and do not let the bears out before spring.

01:58:28 The fur of newborns is very thin

01:58:30 and they are not yet ready to face the cold.

01:58:32 Once the bears are out of their conger,

01:58:34 the mother bear begins to teach them

01:58:36 how to survive in the outside world.

01:58:38 Babies imitate all these movements,

01:58:40 learn to swim, to hunt,

01:58:42 to dig congers and to migrate.

01:58:44 The mother bears fight the predators

01:58:46 and the larger polar bears

01:58:48 and hide these bears from any threat.

01:58:50 After two or three years of living together,

01:58:52 the young have learned everything they needed to know

01:58:54 and leave their mother.

01:58:56 They will be able to recognize her

01:58:58 throughout their lives,

01:59:00 on average, 30 years old.

01:59:02 Another example of careful motherhood

01:59:04 can be observed in our relatives,

01:59:06 the primates.

01:59:08 Gorillas, chimpanzees and their cousin Bonobo

01:59:10 cuddle and kiss their newborns

01:59:12 just like humans.

01:59:14 By feeding their young,

01:59:16 female primates release special hormones

01:59:18 associated with maternal and sweet feelings.

01:59:20 In terms of breastfeeding,

01:59:22 orang-utans are the champions.

01:59:24 This process can last up to 8 years.

01:59:26 Of course, orang-utans mothers

01:59:28 breastfeed their offspring longer

01:59:30 than any other primate.

01:59:32 During this period, mothers teach their young

01:59:34 to find food and to build

01:59:36 their own nests to sleep.

01:59:38 The link between female orang-utans

01:59:40 and their mothers is stronger than that of males.

01:59:42 Girls can continue to live with their mothers

01:59:44 until they reach the age of procreation,

01:59:46 either 15 or 16 years old.

01:59:48 And yes, they have no desire to leave their cocoons.

01:59:50 Just like humans,

01:59:52 monkeys can have complex relationships

01:59:54 with their mothers,

01:59:56 which have an impact on their social life.

01:59:58 Maternal support helps young primates

02:00:00 to acquire a certain dominance

02:00:02 and to perpetuate the cycle of reproduction

02:00:04 when they grow up.

02:00:06 On the contrary, monkeys that have not received

02:00:08 enough maternal care in their childhood

02:00:10 tend to have fewer children

02:00:12 when they reach maturity.

02:00:14 Moreover, African males elephants

02:00:16 do not fight for dominance

02:00:18 because all important issues are resolved by females.

02:00:20 And each elephant of the herd

02:00:22 is equally supported by all the others.

02:00:24 A young female elephant

02:00:26 receives help from her older sisters and aunts

02:00:28 to put her young down and raise her young.

02:00:30 This is why the elephant is considered

02:00:32 as one of the most protective mothers on the planet.

02:00:34 The herds of female elephants

02:00:36 and their elephants

02:00:38 tend to travel together in a particular circle.

02:00:40 The youngest members of the group

02:00:42 are placed inside the circle

02:00:44 to protect them from predators.

02:00:46 Also, the older elephants

02:00:48 adjust the rhythm of the herd

02:00:50 so that the elephants do not get tired

02:00:52 and do not stay in the circle.

02:00:54 The females of the group communicate with the babies

02:00:56 by affectionate gestures

02:00:58 and teach them to find food.

02:01:00 Moreover, the little elephants

02:01:02 are very attached to their mother

02:01:04 and generally stay together

02:01:06 until she dies of old age.

02:01:08 And the average life expectancy of elephants

02:01:10 is about 65 years or more.

02:01:12 Mothers carry their young for two years.

02:01:14 It is therefore not surprising

02:01:16 that they are so attached to each other.

02:01:18 Elephants generally have a long gestation period

02:01:20 of 15 months.

02:01:22 But this is quite justified

02:01:24 because the baby giraffe

02:01:26 is already standing very little time after its birth.

02:01:28 The mother helps the baby giraffes

02:01:30 for about 9 to 12 months.

02:01:32 When she has to go get food,

02:01:34 she hides her babies

02:01:36 or asks other giraffes to take care of them.

02:01:38 Like humans, giraffe mothers

02:01:40 must stay awake.

02:01:42 They can sleep from 30 minutes

02:01:44 to a few hours a day.

02:01:46 The time they have to sleep

02:01:48 is extremely short,

02:01:50 5 to 10 minutes at a time.

02:01:52 The rest of the time is dedicated

02:01:54 to the care and protection of the babies.

02:01:56 The mothers do not fear

02:01:58 the difficulties either.

02:02:00 After laying an egg,

02:02:02 the female entrusts it to a male

02:02:04 who protects it from any threat.

02:02:06 During this time,

02:02:08 the mother takes a long journey

02:02:10 reaching up to 80 km

02:02:12 to reach the edge of the ocean

02:02:14 to give the fish to her little ones

02:02:16 that come from the corals.

02:02:18 Using the heat of her own body,

02:02:20 the female penguin keeps

02:02:22 the young generation warm and safe.

02:02:24 you

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