Saviez-vous qu'il existe des gens à Madagascar qui ont réellement emménagé dans un cratère volcanique ? C'est assez incroyable, mais ils ont choisi cet endroit parce que le sol à l'intérieur du cratère est extrêmement fertile, parfait pour l'agriculture. Ils ont construit toute une communauté là-bas, vivant parmi de luxuriantes étendues vertes. Les parois du cratère offrent également une certaine protection contre les intempéries. Mais quelle était la raison principale pour laquelle ils se sont installés là, loin de la civilisation ? Découvrons-le ! Animation créée par Sympa.
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Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
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Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
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Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
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https://www.eastnews.ru
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Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
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FunTranscript
00:00The next time you want to complain about your neighborhood,
00:03remember that some people live inside the crater of a volcano.
00:07You can visualize their village on Google Maps,
00:10by observing the island of Madagascar.
00:12You will then see a dark point, almost perfectly round on the map.
00:16Roads pass from side to side, but none cross it.
00:19By zooming in enough, you will discover a village,
00:22with houses located in the middle of the crater.
00:25The nearest city is 8 km away.
00:28One might think that the inhabitants have been living here
00:31for immemorial times, refusing to move.
00:33But by examining the maps of previous years,
00:36we see that the village does not shrink, it grows.
00:40The first houses appeared in 2008.
00:43Why then, someone living in the 21st century,
00:46would he choose to settle voluntarily in such a remote place?
00:51This question intrigued Vox's team,
00:53an American news website.
00:55They decided to solve the mystery,
00:58without having any clue about this unusual village.
01:01The first logical step was to find someone in the area,
01:05and to simply ask him what was going on behind the walls of the crater.
01:09It turned out to be more complicated than expected,
01:12because some places indicated on Google
01:14turned out to be fictitious, or inspired by mangas.
01:18The places themselves had no contact information.
01:23They then contacted an organization
01:24that had published some photos on Instagram from the nearest city.
01:28Although they replied, it was of no great help,
01:31because they had never gone near the mountain in question.
01:34The journalists then decided to contact experts in agriculture
01:38and biogeography, likely to have connections in the region.
01:42It was obvious at that time that a simple search on Google
01:46or a brief exchange would not be enough.
01:48They therefore asked someone based in Madagascar to go see on site.
01:52Our mystery hunters then contacted
01:54the head of a local video production company.
01:58Surprised that someone lives in this area because of earthquakes,
02:02she nevertheless agreed to form a team
02:04and travel about 130 km from Tananarive to the village.
02:09The date of the expedition was set for January.
02:12In the middle of the rainy season.
02:14The closer they got to their destination,
02:17the more the roads deteriorated.
02:19To a certain extent,
02:20they had to abandon their cars to continue on motorcycles,
02:23then finally walk for an hour to reach their goal.
02:26A storm reversed their plans,
02:29forcing them to turn around before the slippery terrain became impractical.
02:33For safety reasons,
02:35they ended up postponing their expedition
02:37at the end of the rainy season, in May.
02:40During the four months separating the two expeditions,
02:43Vox's team sought to learn more about this mysterious place.
02:47They discovered that the mountain dates back to the Cretaceous,
02:5066 to 145 million years ago,
02:54and that it was of volcanic nature.
02:56An expert explained that the mountain we know today
03:00was about 90 million years old,
03:02which makes it even older than Mount Everest or the Grand Canyon.
03:06The volcano has been extinguished for a long time.
03:08The massif surrounding the crater is a huge alkaline annular complex.
03:13In the past, this site was a prosperous village
03:16due to its high position and its access to fresh water.
03:19The soil there is very fertile,
03:21thanks to the alkaline chemical compounds it contains.
03:24With the end of the rainy season,
03:26the team on site was ready for a new attempt to attack the crater.
03:30This time, the weather and the road were impeccable,
03:33but a new problem came up.
03:36When they arrived at the village,
03:37the inhabitants did not show themselves to be very welcoming.
03:40Finally, the head of the village, Danosi Bay,
03:43whose name translates to
03:45agreed to let them visit the site.
03:48They discovered about 50 houses in the village,
03:51occupied by about 300 people,
03:53each belonging to the Bethsileos ethnic group.
03:56When their original village was overcrowded,
03:59they understood that it was time to look for a new home.
04:02An old man from the village, who traded cattle in the region,
04:06then remembered this vast open space.
04:09So they traveled about 400 km from their old home
04:13to found this new hamlet in the crater.
04:17Since then, they mainly grow lemons and oranges there,
04:20which they sell on the markets of the neighboring cities.
04:23The transport of goods is particularly difficult
04:26due to the dilapidation of the roads leading to the village.
04:30The volcano was a witness to the separation of Madagascar and India
04:33about 88 million years ago.
04:36Since then, the island has remained cut off from the rest of the world,
04:39which has led to a unique flora and fauna.
04:42Madagascar houses 40 species of lemurs that can't be found anywhere else on Earth.
04:46Long live King Julian, if you know what I mean.
04:50In addition, Madagascar houses about 800 species of butterflies.
04:5492% of the mammals,
04:5689% of the flora,
04:58and 95% of the reptiles on the island are endemic.
05:01Thus, to meet unique creatures such as the giraffe charençon,
05:05the panther chameleon,
05:07the tomato frog,
05:08the ferocious fossa,
05:09or adorable lemurs such as the sifaka or the indri,
05:12and many other fascinating animals,
05:14you don't need to go any further than Madagascar.
05:17Scientists have three main theories
05:19to explain the remarkable diversity of terrestrial animals on the island.
05:23First, some species may have been present in Madagascar
05:27even before it became an island.
05:29Secondly, they could not have swum there
05:32or drifted on dead wood from continental Africa
05:34when the currents were unfavorable.
05:36Finally, there is the hypothesis of a terrestrial bridge.
05:39The problem is that Madagascar has very few fossil traces
05:43from the time of the dinosaurs until about 2000 years ago.
05:47In a recent study,
05:48researchers compared the genes of the current Madagascar species
05:52with those of their African relatives
05:55to determine when the ancestors of each species had reached the island.
05:59They discovered that some had been present in Madagascar
06:03for more than 80 million years
06:05and had witnessed the separation of the island from the Indian subcontinent.
06:09This means that creatures such as the big-headed turtle
06:13survived the extinction of the dinosaurs 66 million years ago.
06:18However, most reptiles, mammals and amphibians
06:22have opted for a more adventurous journey.
06:25They descend from small animals
06:26that have probably drifted to Madagascar on fortune rafts.
06:30Lemurs, for example,
06:33have probably the microcebes as ancestors.
06:36Turtles, on the other hand,
06:38may have simply floated through the Mozambique Canal
06:41without needing a raft.
06:43The first human colonization of this island dates back to about 1,300 years ago.
06:48And its name is still a bit of a linguistic mystery.
06:52The legend would suggest that Marco Polo,
06:54the famous Venetian merchant,
06:56would have given this name by confusing the island
06:58with the kingdom of Mogadiscio in East Africa.
07:01This geographical confusion would have resulted in the name of Madagascar.
07:06Despite the uncertainty as to the origin of the name,
07:09the language and culture of the island clearly denote an Indonesian influence.
07:14Some researchers argue that the first inhabitants
07:17would have come directly from Indonesia,
07:19with African influences being added later.
07:23Others think that it would rather be a mixture of migrations
07:27along the coasts of India,
07:29the Arabian Peninsula and Africa,
07:31creating a diversified cruise.
07:34Most of the inhabitants speak Malagasy,
07:37the national language that uses the Latin alphabet.
07:40French is also widely spoken and officially recognized.
07:44If you regularly use vanilla,
07:47there is a chance that it comes from Madagascar.
07:50The island provides about 80% of the world's natural vanilla,
07:54which represents 25% of the country's exports.
07:57Madagascar also exports clothing and textiles,
08:01clove, fish and seafood,
08:04as well as various food products.
08:07Most of the land is dedicated to cattle raising,
08:10which benefits from this rich green grass.
08:13Some of the island's oldest villages were built
08:16on hills surrounded by ditches for better defense.
08:19But they were later rebuilt on lower and more convenient land
08:22for agriculture.