Nous Avons Enfin Visité l’Autre Côté de la Lune

Sympa

En 2023, l'Inde a marqué l'histoire en réussissant à atterrir sur l'autre face de la Lune avec sa mission Chandrayaan-3. Cette réalisation a constitué un énorme jalon pour l'Organisation indienne de recherche spatiale (ISRO) et a mis en lumière les capacités croissantes de l'Inde dans l'exploration spatiale. La mission visait à étudier la géologie lunaire et à rechercher de la glace d'eau, ce qui pourrait être crucial pour les missions lunaires futures. Les scientifiques et le public étaient ravis des données abondantes et des images spectaculaires renvoyées. Ce succès a suscité encore plus d'enthousiasme et d'ambition pour les futures entreprises spatiales de l'Inde !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00August 23, 2023, a memorable date, marked by the historic landing of the Indian spacecraft

00:08Chandrayaan-3 on the south pole of the moon, a region that is invisible to us from Earth.

00:15Why does this lunar zone intrigue so many scientists?

00:19The answer lies in its hidden treasure, lunar ice.

00:24This sector is supposed to contain more than the North Pole.

00:28The enthusiasm of scientists is therefore understandable.

00:32This ice is a precious source of frozen water, essential to establish a permanent lunar base,

00:38or even to power missions to Mars.

00:42Scientists have known about the existence of this ice for more than two decades,

00:47since a NASA space probe accidentally fell on it during a mission.

00:52Then, in 2018, the Space Agency shared its conclusions,

00:56and confirmed with certainty the abundance of water in the lunar south pole.

01:02Imagine the future lunar settlers using this resource to support life in this arid space desert.

01:11In addition, by decomposing water into oxygen and hydrogen,

01:15we could obtain air and fuel for rockets.

01:19This would make lunar missions more feasible and autonomous.

01:23In addition, this ancestral ice, perhaps as old as the moon itself,

01:27offers a fascinating window into the past,

01:30likely to reveal the deep mysteries of the moon and the Earth.

01:35But it turns out that water is not at all rare in space.

01:38Many planets could potentially shelter life.

01:42We know this thanks to the detection of water vapor around stars,

01:45whose composition is remarkably similar to that of water in our own solar system.

01:52This discovery suggests that water on Earth initially comes from space.

01:57It forms around stars in an extremely hot vapor cloud,

02:01then turns into ice, which attaches to tiny dust particles.

02:05These particles agglomerate over time to become larger objects,

02:09like comets and planets.

02:11Some of these formations, in fact, become the celestial bodies of our own solar system.

02:17This is how water spreads throughout the universe.

02:20And this is probably how it arrived on our planet, and on the moon.

02:24Scientists think that lunar ice could have traveled this far a long time ago,

02:29perhaps transported by asteroids rich in water that hit the lunar surface.

02:34All this has great implications for us.

02:37The south pole of the moon represents an ideal site where to establish a sustainable lunar base.

02:43Imagine domes made of bricks, connected by underground tunnels,

02:47and populated by people playing the piano on computers.

02:52Others would travel the lunar landscape in their jeeps,

02:55on their way to extract precious resources.

02:59We have some really interesting ideas about how to build this.

03:03Instead of transporting heavy and costly shelters from Earth,

03:07why not adopt a more efficient approach?

03:10Throughout our long history,

03:13in every exploration of new territories,

03:16we have always been able to exploit local resources in order to survive and prosper.

03:21This is how we have spread throughout our own planet.

03:25Why not apply the same strategy to the moon?

03:28You may be wondering what resources the moon could offer.

03:31We know that there is ice there, which can be transformed into water.

03:34But the moon cruelly lacks a luxurious vegetation and edible food.

03:41This may not seem obvious, but the moon does have something to offer.

03:46Mineral resources and an abundance of sunlight.

03:49Unlike the Earth, where the sun rises and sets daily,

03:53the lunar poles offer a unique spectacle.

03:56The sun passes gracefully along the horizon all day,

04:00generating an almost uninterrupted source of energy.

04:04Imagine living in a world bathed in perpetual sunlight.

04:08The solar panels will love it.

04:10And I, maybe not so much.

04:12In addition, we can use not only the sunlight, but also its heat.

04:16In fact, we should really exploit everything.

04:19If we have an excess of metal during the production of oxygen,

04:22we also find a use for this metal.

04:25We must treat the environment responsibly,

04:28not only on Earth, but also on the moon.

04:30This is why scientists are learning to transform the most abundant lunar resource,

04:34regolith, into solid bricks.

04:37They have proven to be very inventive in discovering how to shape lunar bricks.

04:41Researchers are considering using the sun's heat to melt lunar dust,

04:45layer after layer,

04:47by essentially creating a 3D printer for lunar dust.

04:50Engineers have also designed bricks using solar ovens

04:54and by bombarding the lunar ground with microwaves.

04:57They have become very skilled at this.

05:00Maybe one day we will establish a small brick factory on the moon

05:03and build regolith houses.

05:07It would be like Minecraft in real life.

05:10As soon as you find a new interesting material,

05:12you build a small house with it.

05:15If this succeeds, these bricks could be used to build entire buildings,

05:19by potentially covering inflatable modules

05:22or by giving a second life to abandoned landers.

05:26So, should astronauts become qualified masons?

05:29Not necessarily.

05:31We will have to create an automated system of robots working in collaboration.

05:35Humans will of course supervise the construction site.

05:38Despite all this automation,

05:41scientists estimate that living on the moon will be,

05:44well, let's say, comfortable.

05:47The plans could include superimposed residential areas

05:51or polyvalent areas.

05:54However, there will also be some challenges.

05:57On the moon, the conditions are extremely rigorous.

06:01Imagine burning temperatures

06:03reaching up to 100°C during the day

06:06and falling to a glacial temperature of minus 280°C at night.

06:10The climate is not the only problem.

06:13The moon is constantly exposed to solar radiation,

06:16cosmic rays and micrometeorites.

06:19All these factors progressively wear out everything on its surface.

06:23Another big challenge is lunar dust.

06:26On the moon, there is no air to breathe,

06:29and this dust can cause serious problems.

06:32It is not an ordinary dust.

06:34It is extremely sticky

06:36and can even cause tingling and tingling in astronauts,

06:39like a kind of lunar haystack.

06:42In addition, it can damage equipment and space suits.

06:45It is not something to take lightly.

06:48Scientists have discovered that this dust was produced

06:51when meteors hit the moon,

06:54thus creating tiny particles and sharp green splashes.

06:57It is toxic,

06:59and these small particles can float in low lunar gravity,

07:02making breathing difficult.

07:05Unlike the Earth, the moon has no wind or rain to clean this dust.

07:08Researchers are therefore working on this problem

07:11to discover how to prevent this nuisance from compromising their mission.

07:16There is more to this lunar haystack than it seems.

07:19Scientists also want to explore the mysteries

07:22of the low-frequency electromagnetic waves present there.

07:25These waves are murmurs coming from the edges of the universe.

07:29Unpredictable signals that have remained hidden from us since the dawn of time.

07:33So far, we have only captured a cacophony of radio background noise.

07:38But on the hidden side of the moon,

07:41we will finally be able to record and study them.

07:44Studying these waves will help researchers

07:47discover the secrets of the origins of the universe.

07:50It is not just about the Earth or the moon,

07:53but to go back to the very first beginning of our world.

07:57Our new lunar laboratory could help us

08:00to permanently redefine our understanding of the cosmos.

08:05NASA has big projects for the moon.

08:08The Artemis mission made a successful return to Earth in December 2022,

08:11after nearly a month in space.

08:15Travelling far beyond the moon.

08:18This mission has tested the capabilities of the latest technical advances

08:21that will help us explore the planet Mars.

08:26The goal of Artemis is to establish a sustainable presence on the moon.

08:29NASA aims to create a gateway,

08:32like a space station in orbit around the satellite,

08:35to facilitate landing.

08:38It is planned that Artemis 2 will transport astronauts

08:41to the lunar base in 2024.

08:44And during Artemis 3, which should take place in the middle of the decade,

08:47two astronauts will land near the south pole of the moon.

08:51It is quite possible that a lunar base will be built

08:54over the years to come.

08:57So stay tuned.

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