La NASA a fait une découverte incroyable sur l'une des lunes de Saturne, et cela pourrait changer tout ce que nous savons sur l'espace ! Encelade, une petite lune glacée, pourrait en réalité avoir les conditions nécessaires à la vie. Les scientifiques ont découvert qu'elle abrite un océan salé sous sa croûte glacée, et qu'il y a même des geysers projetant de l'eau dans l'espace ! Ce qui est incroyable, c'est qu'ils ont également détecté des éléments constitutifs importants pour la vie, comme le carbone, dans cette eau. Cette découverte enthousiasme énormément les scientifiques car c'est l'une des meilleures chances que nous ayons de trouver de la vie extraterrestre dans notre système solaire. 🚀 Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00Get ready to take off, because NASA is announcing exciting news.
00:06You want to discover the fascinating world of Titan, the moon of Saturn.
00:12NASA's revolutionary Dragonfly spacecraft should take off in 2027 to explore this mysterious space object.
00:21Let me introduce you to Titan.
00:24It is an icy celestial body whose atmosphere is filled with nitrogen and which could even have an underground ocean.
00:31Titan also houses rivers and lakes on its surface.
00:35But guess what? They are not filled with water like on our beautiful planet.
00:39They contain methane.
00:43Now let's see what the celestial references of Titan are.
00:47It is not a moon like the others.
00:49It is the second largest of our entire solar system.
00:52It is only 2% smaller than the largest moon of our neighborhood, Ganymede, close to Jupiter.
00:59The size of Titan is even a shame to Mercury.
01:02And did I mention that its atmosphere is four times denser than that of Earth?
01:07Thanks to the low gravity and the thick atmosphere of this moon,
01:11Dragonfly is the ideal robotic companion to discover these hidden treasures.
01:17Let's move on to the machine itself, the star of NASA's next mission to Titan.
01:21This cosmic drone is not an explorer like the others.
01:24Equipped with a panoply of amazing gadgets,
01:27Dragonfly is like a flying laboratory ready to uncover all the secrets of Titan.
01:32This is the first interplanetary probe of type rotor lander.
01:36And it was designed to give us a spectacular experience.
01:41And don't trust its name.
01:43This dragonfly will not be content with wandering at random.
01:47It is a technological marvel capable of gliding for several kilometers
01:51between different places on the surface of Titan.
01:54It is a bit like a cosmic Uber for scientists.
01:57And since we are talking about technology,
02:00Dragonfly carries really cool equipment.
02:03The probe will be equipped with an instrument called Draco,
02:06which will allow to pick up materials on Titan.
02:09While the Dragonfly mass spectrometer, or Dramess,
02:13will analyze the composition of these samples.
02:17But how did we come across Titan?
02:21On March 25, 1655,
02:24an Irish astronomer explored the cosmos with his telescope.
02:28And here he sees something amazing.
02:31It's Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
02:35Almost 300 years later, in 1944,
02:39another very cool astronomer came on stage.
02:43By doing experiments with light,
02:46he discovered that Titan actually had its own atmosphere.
02:51The story does not end there.
02:53In 1979, the Pioneer 11 probe decided to take a tour of Saturn's system.
03:00It confirmed all the interesting hypotheses
03:03that scientists had formulated about Titan,
03:06such as its temperature and mass.
03:08However, there was a small mistake.
03:11These scientists thought that Titan was the largest moon in the entire solar system.
03:15And no, they were wrong.
03:17In any case, Titan has a mysterious and dense atmosphere
03:21that keeps everyone in suspense.
03:26Now let's move on to the 1980s,
03:29when the 1 and 2 traveled probes made their big entrance into space.
03:33These cosmic explorers flew over Saturn
03:36and wanted to observe the surface of Titan.
03:39But Titan then decided to play hide-and-seek with them.
03:42Its misty atmosphere did not allow them to see what was going on.
03:46And all that the two travelers managed to capture
03:49are images of an orange and lonely world.
03:52However, they spotted a pretty blue mist in the high atmosphere.
03:58Things started to get really exciting in the 1990s.
04:03The Hubble Space Telescope joined the party
04:07and decided to take Titan's clichés using a special infrared light.
04:11This clever device managed to pierce the mist, and voila!
04:15Hubble images revealed areas of different colors on Titan,
04:19a bit like a gigantic cosmic chessboard.
04:22We now know that there is even a bright spot as wide as Australia.
04:27However, despite these fantastic images,
04:30the mystery of what is hidden under the mist of Titan was still not resolved.
04:36It was in 2004 that Cassini and his European acolyte, the Huygens probe,
04:40went for a tour over there.
04:43They formed a perfect duo to face Saturn.
04:47Cassini began to orbit the planet around the beautiful rings
04:50and immediately focused his attention on Titan.
04:53Then the big moment finally arrived.
04:55On January 14, 2005, the Huygens probe pierced Titan's atmosphere.
05:02During its descent, Huygens collected all kinds of amazing data
05:06by taking pictures and analyzing the atmosphere.
05:09The probe then transmitted this precious information to Cassini,
05:13who, like a cosmic courier, sent them to us,
05:16to us, the earthlings who waited impatiently.
05:19Over the next 13 years, Cassini approached Titan more than 100 times,
05:24using all kinds of sophisticated instruments to observe the surface and atmosphere of the Moon.
05:30Scientists were finally able to confirm that Titan had clouds,
05:34lakes and rivers, and that rain even fell on its surface.
05:41Fortunately for us, Titan is not the only moon in our solar system
05:44likely to shelter from life.
05:47Take the wonderful moon of Neptune, Triton.
05:51It is the largest moon on this planet, but it is also a real curiosity.
05:57Among all the moons we know, only 5 have a geological activity.
06:02And guess what?
06:04Triton is proudly part of this prestigious club.
06:07It even has geysers that spit out gaseous nitrogen.
06:13Imagine Triton as a fashionista in a beautiful ice dress.
06:17Its surface is mainly made up of frozen nitrogen,
06:20which gives it a glacial air.
06:22If you ever go there, don't forget to bring a coat hanger.
06:26You may be wondering how Triton manages to warm up in such a cold environment.
06:30Well, it has a secret weapon, the forces of the tide.
06:35Triton and Neptune deliver to a magnificent cosmic dance
06:38that generates a gravitational friction.
06:41And it seems to produce heat, which helps to warm up Triton's waters.
06:46Speaking of heat, you may be expecting me to tell you
06:49that there could be life on Triton.
06:52Alas, it is about as likely as discovering a unicorn skateboarding.
06:57Voyager 2, the only mission to have flown over Triton,
07:01made its trip in 1989.
07:04And if you hope that another mission will soon land on Triton,
07:08let's say that the stars don't align exactly in your favor.
07:11Literally.
07:13The possibility of a mission to Triton only occurs every 13 years.
07:17Because our planet and Jupiter must be perfectly aligned
07:21for a landing to take place.
07:24Scientists would use the gravitational attraction
07:27of the largest planet in our solar system
07:30to safely land a probe on Triton.
07:33Now let's talk about the elephant in the room.
07:36Or rather, the polar bear.
07:38It is so cold on Triton that the chances of survival are as slim as a toothpick.
07:43Sorry, little potential microbes,
07:45you may need a few extra poles to settle here.
07:49Even if Triton is not the most welcoming place for life,
07:53it is a celestial gem that deserves to be explored.
07:57Scientists think that Triton has not always been part of Neptune's family.
08:03In fact, Triton was probably wandering about his business,
08:07dragging itself aimlessly in the distant belt of Jupiter.
08:11Neptune, with its powerful gravitational force,
08:15then tore up Triton and made it an entire moon.
08:20Like our faithful satellite,
08:22Triton is also caught in a permanent face-to-face with Neptune.
08:26One of Triton's faces still has its eyes on the planet.
08:32As for the fate of this amazing moon,
08:34things are not a long-term happy war.
08:37It is already getting a little closer to Neptune every day.
08:40You may be wondering why.
08:42The problem lies in the interactions of tides,
08:45which do not really play in favor of our friendly satellite.
08:48Its orbit is oscillating.
08:50It is as if it were getting closer to the slow of its planet.
08:55Scientists predict that in about 3.6 billion years,
09:00Triton will cross an invisible border.
09:03If the current calculations are correct,
09:05two scenarios are possible.
09:07Either the satellite will collide with Neptune's atmosphere,
09:11or it will break into small pieces.
09:13In this last case,
09:15a brand new ring system will form around Neptune,
09:18like the one we observe today around Saturn.
09:21Triton is not the only satellite that could end up like this.
09:25Phobos, one of Mars' moons, should also disintegrate.
09:29And this sooner, within 30 to 50 million years.