En este fascinante documental titulado "El Big Bang: Antes del Amanecer del Universo", exploramos los misterios que rodean el origen de nuestro cosmos. A través de un enfoque educativo y accesible, descubrimos cómo el Big Bang dio inicio a la expansión del universo y las condiciones que permitieron la formación de estrellas y galaxias. Este documental no solo profundiza en la teoría del Big Bang, sino que también presenta los avances científicos más recientes en la comprensión de la materia oscura y la energía oscura.
Los expertos en cosmología nos guiarán a través de una narrativa visual cautivadora que ilustra el proceso desde el primer instante del universo hasta el vasto espacio que conocemos hoy. Analizaremos preguntas fundamentales como: ¿Qué ocurrió antes del Big Bang? ¿Cómo influyeron las leyes de la física en la creación del universo? Y, ¿qué podemos aprender sobre nuestro lugar en el cosmos?
Con una mezcla de animaciones impactantes y entrevistas con científicos destacados, este documental es perfecto para aquellos que buscan entender más sobre el universo y sus orígenes. No te pierdas esta oportunidad de expandir tu conocimiento sobre el Big Bang y el amanecer del universo.
**Hashtags:** #BigBang, #Cosmología, #DocumentalCientífico
**Keywords:** Big Bang, origen del universo, expansión del cosmos, teoría del Big Bang, materia oscura, energía oscura, formación de galaxias, cosmología, ciencia del universo, historia del cosmos.
Los expertos en cosmología nos guiarán a través de una narrativa visual cautivadora que ilustra el proceso desde el primer instante del universo hasta el vasto espacio que conocemos hoy. Analizaremos preguntas fundamentales como: ¿Qué ocurrió antes del Big Bang? ¿Cómo influyeron las leyes de la física en la creación del universo? Y, ¿qué podemos aprender sobre nuestro lugar en el cosmos?
Con una mezcla de animaciones impactantes y entrevistas con científicos destacados, este documental es perfecto para aquellos que buscan entender más sobre el universo y sus orígenes. No te pierdas esta oportunidad de expandir tu conocimiento sobre el Big Bang y el amanecer del universo.
**Hashtags:** #BigBang, #Cosmología, #DocumentalCientífico
**Keywords:** Big Bang, origen del universo, expansión del cosmos, teoría del Big Bang, materia oscura, energía oscura, formación de galaxias, cosmología, ciencia del universo, historia del cosmos.
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DiversiónTranscripción
00:00Our universe is an enigma, an inexhaustible paradox.
00:27It is a dark ocean, cold and lifeless.
00:44But it is an ocean with shining islands, full of light.
00:49Galaxies that are counted by billions.
01:12Each of them is made up of hundreds of thousands of millions of stars.
01:20And around many of those stars, there are planets.
01:26Which one is more incomprehensible and strange?
01:38In our universe, there are billions of planets.
01:41And one of them became the home of beings capable of contemplating this cosmic spectacle.
01:54Like lit candles,
01:59miraculously improbable,
02:02that sparkle in an eternal night.
02:11When night falls, when it is known that all those points of light that appear in the sky are distant stars,
02:19it is impossible not to feel overwhelmed by the magnitude and majesty of what is seen.
02:28The universe is infinite in all directions, and terrifying in all directions.
02:36But if you can overcome that fear, then questions arise.
02:40And surely the most profound question is, how did all this get here?
02:45This questioner has defined a large part of human history.
02:49But it was during the last century when we have the intellectual capacity and the technical tools
02:55to search for answers by directly questioning nature.
03:00And the discovery has been to know that in our reality there was a first moment in time
03:06that the universe had a beginning 13,800 million years ago, the Big Bang.
03:25Although it may not be absolute.
03:30Because we now suspect that there is something else.
03:34And we have embarked on a heroic search for time before dawn.
03:43I can see everything very clearly.
03:46It is an inhospitable beauty.
04:00I found it!
04:02I found it!
04:04I found it!
04:06I found it!
04:08I found it!
04:11Magnificent desolation.
04:15Beautiful, beautiful.
04:31To all the inhabitants of the Earth.
04:34The crew of Apollo 8 wants to send you a message.
04:41At the beginning, God created heaven and earth.
04:47And the earth was uniform and empty.
04:51And darkness covered the surface of the abyss.
04:56And God said, let there be light.
05:03And there was light.
05:11And God saw that the light was good.
05:20Since we have become aware of ourselves.
05:28We have not stopped looking at the sky.
05:31We observe those mysterious lights.
05:36In search of answers.
05:41What is the universe?
05:44How did it emerge?
05:47What is our place in the cosmos?
05:53Sometimes we doubt the stories our ancestors told about creation.
06:00But those ancient myths hide a deep truth.
06:08The clues to the origin of everything could be out there.
06:29In the light that reaches us.
06:33From beyond the stars.
06:51If we want to discover the origin of the universe, we need some evidence.
06:57And if there is something that connects us to the distant past, it is the light.
07:07If we use a cosmic scale, the light travels very slowly.
07:12It barely reaches 300,000 kilometers per second.
07:15It takes eight minutes to get from the sun to the earth.
07:19And it takes four years to get from the nearest star.
07:23And that means we see that star as it was four years ago.
07:28So the further we go into the universe, the further we go back in time.
07:33And because we can look at the universe from the distance,
07:37we can go back to the beginning of time.
07:43Go ahead, Charlie.
07:45Okay, everything is ready, but it will take one more minute.
07:49Okay, Charlie.
07:51To find the origin of the universe, we need a time machine.
08:00Everything seems to be fine, and we can go ahead.
08:04Okay, Charlie.
08:08A telescope so powerful that it can look as far into the universe as to capture the oldest light.
08:18We have released the telescope.
08:22And transport us to the beginning of time.
08:30Okay, Charlie.
08:33Okay, Charlie.
08:46The Hubble Space Telescope has embarked us on an odyssey through the universe.
08:54Revealing its gods.
09:04And its monsters.
09:12Our universe is a place full of beauty.
09:17And terror.
09:22Hubble has shown us visions of sublime creations.
09:27And images of spectacular destructions.
09:33Illuminating our journey through time.
09:38Towards dawn.
09:45The Orion Nebula, a stellar nursery.
09:49With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
09:55This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
10:02With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
10:07This image has come thanks to the light that left the nebula 1,300 years ago.
10:17The pillars of creation.
10:20Delicate tower-shaped structures, with a height of several light years.
10:257,000 years ago.
10:33The Andromeda Galaxy.
10:36A brilliant island of a billion suns.
10:402.5 million years ago.
10:50A cosmic rose.
10:53Galaxies colliding in celestial choreography.
10:58300 million years ago.
11:02But Hubble's journey has taken us even further into the unknown ocean of space.
11:08This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
11:14With gas clouds that feed the newly born stars of the Milky Way.
11:20This is the first time in the history of the universe that we have seen a nebula.
11:26But Hubble's journey has taken us even further into the unknown ocean of space.
11:42Delving deeper into the darkness.
11:46Gazing at innumerable ancient and distant galaxies.
11:58Conglomerates of stars, aggressive and primitive.
12:04Illuminating the way to the primordial past.
12:16Unleashing a new era.
12:34Until, at last, Hubble reached the farthest edge.
12:46A galaxy near the beginning of time.
13:00This is the galaxy GNZ11.
13:04One of the farthest that we have ever seen.
13:08Its light comes from some of the first stars of the universe.
13:12It began its journey just 400 million years after the Big Bang.
13:18And it has taken 13,400 million years to reach us.
13:24This light was formed when it had 9,000 million years traveling through the universe.
13:30And the time it took to complete the last third of its journey,
13:36to enter our telescopes, is equivalent to the entire history of our planet.
13:40It is an image of the beginning of time.
13:44GNZ11 was one of the first galaxies.
13:48They were born when the universe itself was being formed.
13:52Just after the Big Bang.
14:22GNZ11 was a strange galaxy, compared to the current ones.
14:3425 times smaller than the Milky Way.
14:46But full of huge stars, and full of energy.
14:52And full of life.
14:56And full of life.
15:20Along with those giant stars, there were other things.
15:24Some delicate objects that tried to resist that voracity.
15:38They were some of the first planets in the universe.
15:44Strange and primitive worlds.
15:48And on the horizon of one of them, a sun was rising.
16:12Writing a new chapter in the history of the universe.
16:16The beginning of the relations between stars and planets.
16:24That thousands of millions of years later,
16:28in a distant world,
16:32would lead to the origin of life.
16:36In reality we don't know when or where it will happen.
16:40We just know that it will happen.
16:44It is a great gift.
16:48It is a great gift.
16:52It is a great gift.
16:56It is a great gift.
17:00It is a great gift.
17:04We don't know when or where the first dawn occurred in the universe.
17:12But we do know that that first dawn was not the first instant.
17:16The stars and planets come from somewhere,
17:19so before that first dawn there was a long night.
17:24The dark age of the universe
17:31Astronomers call this time the dark age of the universe.
17:40If we continue to travel back in time,
17:43we would see how the shadows fall on the universe.
17:47The galaxies would disappear.
17:53And the primordial stars would be extinguished,
17:57one after the other.
18:10And the darkness would reach the middle of the universe.
18:17The same edge of the abyss.
18:22It seems that it is here,
18:24in the impenetrable darkness of the dark age of the universe,
18:29where our search to understand its origin ends.
18:48So how can we explore the origin of the universe
18:51by looking at the dark age?
18:56Well, perhaps contrary to intuition,
18:58we can guide ourselves by the light of the stars,
19:01because that star has been traveling through the universe
19:04for billions of years to get to us.
19:08And information about the way the universe evolved
19:11and evolved has come from the evolution of the universe.
19:18The dark age of the universe
19:31The stars have illuminated our journey through time.
19:41But although their light cannot guide us through the dark age,
19:47we can use it to build maps of the universe,
19:52in space and time,
19:56that allow us to navigate
20:01to the moment of creation.
20:18The most valuable light of all
20:33The most valuable light of all
20:38comes from a specific star
20:41during the spectacular song of the swan of its life.
20:47The most valuable light of all
21:00The existence of the stars is based on a state of permanent conflict,
21:04because the force of gravity is implacable.
21:07If it acts without opposition, it can crush anything,
21:10and it would crush everything, with no exceptions,
21:13if no other forces intervened.
21:16When a star collapses, the nucleus heats up
21:19and turns it into a gigantic nuclear fusion reactor.
21:22Hydrogen becomes helium, and the energy released in the process
21:25creates a pressure that maintains the structure of the star.
21:31But stars consume hundreds of millions of tons of hydrogen per second,
21:36and although they are very large, their size is not infinite.
21:40Just like humans, they have a limited life.
21:44They are subject to the relentless advance of time.
21:47Now, for the stars, like our sun,
21:50the collapse continues until it becomes another kind of star,
21:54known as the white dwarf.
22:09The white dwarfs are very strange celestial bodies.
22:15They are mortal remains of stars.
22:22They have a super dense nucleus, the size of a planet,
22:26made up entirely of carbon and oxygen.
22:33A star that, at its best, had a size equivalent
22:37to a million times our planet,
22:40would be crushed to its size.
22:44The carbon, subjected to extreme pressure,
22:48will turn the white dwarf into a stellar diamond.
22:56These diamond stars have a very critical balance.
23:01The time they can withstand the relentless attraction to their interior is limited.
23:10They are like clockwork bombs.
23:15They can't be destroyed.
23:26In 2018, the white dwarf was in orbit,
23:32facing a galaxy far, far away.
23:44It was observing a distant white dwarf,
23:47which we knew had arrived at the last moments of its extraordinary life.
24:00The white dwarf remained hidden for millions of years.
24:05Trapped in the orbit of a much larger star,
24:08it was about to be destroyed.
24:13But the white dwarf did not give up hope.
24:18It was determined to find a way out.
24:22It was determined to find a way out.
24:26It was determined to find a way out.
24:29Trapped in the orbit of a much larger star,
24:35a red giant.
24:50Little by little, the gravity of the white dwarf
24:53was attracting gas and plasma from the red giant.
25:00The mass of the white dwarf continued to increase,
25:06until it reached the critical limit.
25:15The so-called limit of Chandrasekhar.
25:22And it surpassed it.
25:30Causing a colossal thermonuclear reaction.
25:49The white dwarf detonated in a gigantic explosion,
25:53called Supernova.
25:59The supernova was called SN 2018 GV.
26:07The Hubble telescope witnessed it.
26:13Millions of years of light.
26:19The supernova in which that white dwarf became,
26:22received a name.
26:25It's called SN 2018 GV.
26:28And even though it's 70 million light years away,
26:32it's so bright that we could make a movie with it.
26:40It's a star the size of a planet,
26:43ending its life with a flash of light
26:46that's as bright as 5 billion suns.
26:50Although supernovas of this type
26:53only shine for a few days,
26:56they radiate a very intense light
26:59through the universe.
27:06We've classified these supernovas with a name.
27:11Type 1a supernovas.
27:15And they're common enough
27:18to allow us to map the evolution of the universe.
27:28For science, type 1a supernovas
27:31are a gift from nature.
27:34They all explode in the same way,
27:37and they all shine with the same intensity.
27:40If one appears more faint, it's because it's further away.
27:43And that allows us to calculate the distance
27:46from the galaxy to which the supernova belongs.
27:49As they're so bright, we can see them
27:52even though they're tens of billions of light years away.
27:55And that means that we can measure the distance
27:58to galaxies that are on the edge of the observable universe.
28:05But in the light, there's more encoded information.
28:10Type 2a supernovas
28:34When we look at the light of distant supernovas,
28:37we see something very interesting and very surprising.
28:40Because the light of all the supernovas
28:43that are not in our region
28:46is redder than it should be.
28:49And the further away they are, the redder their light is.
28:52It's called the red shift.
28:55The longer the wavelength, the redder the light is.
28:58So, during the time that the light has been traveling
29:01from the supernova to us,
29:04the space itself has been stretched
29:07and the wavelength of the light has been stretched.
29:10And that means that the universe is expanding.
29:18It's a crucial clue in our search for the origin of the universe.
29:25If the universe is expanding today,
29:28tomorrow everything will be further away.
29:35From what we deduce,
29:38yesterday everything was closer.
29:43To understand how it all began,
29:49we have to go back in time
29:54through thousands of millions of days.
29:57We have to go back to a time before the Earth and the Sun.
30:12Before the galaxies.
30:27As we go back, the universe shrinks.
30:33It gets smaller,
30:36denser,
30:39and hotter
30:42until we reach the most famous moment in the history of the universe.
30:58The universe is infinite.
31:10There are galaxies of exquisite beauty.
31:21There are galaxies of exquisite beauty.
31:28Stars with formidable power.
31:35And planets.
31:38Countless extraordinary worlds.
31:57The galaxies, the stars and the planets
32:00make our universe impressive.
32:09Much more interesting than an immense sterile place.
32:22How could a universe of light and life
32:26emerge from the Big Bang cataclysm?
32:35Unfortunately, we don't know.
32:38We don't even know if the universe had a beginning.
32:41But we do know a lot about how the universe evolved
32:44starting from a different state.
32:48We know that 13,800 million years ago
32:51the space where I am now
32:54and all the space to the edge of the observable universe
32:57with its two billion galaxies
33:00was very hot
33:03and it has been expanding since then.
33:06That implies that if we go back
33:09everything will be closer contained in a very small speck.
33:14But how small was that speck?
33:17How did it all happen?
33:20Well, we used to say that the universe
33:23existed at the beginning of time
33:26in that very hot and dense state
33:29that we call the Big Bang.
33:32But now we have strong reasons to suspect
33:35that the universe existed before that
33:38and in that sense it is possible to talk about a time before the Big Bang.
33:42How was the universe before the Big Bang?
33:50First of all, it must be said
33:53that it was very strange.
33:59There was no matter.
34:05There was no air.
34:11There was only space-time and energy.
34:16An almost inert ocean of energy
34:19but with a slight wave.
34:33Before the Big Bang
34:36the universe was a cold, alien, strange place.
34:39There was nothing in it.
34:44Imagine a calm ocean of energy
34:47that occupies the void.
34:50Although there were no structures
34:53that energy had an effect on space.
34:56It caused its expansion.
34:59Not the gentle expansion we have today
35:02but an unimaginably violent expansion.
35:05That expansion is known as inflation.
35:10Let us think of a tiny and insignificant
35:13cloud in space.
35:22Insignificant, but that millions of years later
35:25would grow to become
35:28our observable universe.
35:31That cloud expanded at a dizzying rate
35:34with an exponential expansion
35:37that lasted
35:40barely a thousand millionth
35:43of a millionth of a millionth of a second.
35:50The cloud was so small
35:53that it was impossible to see it.
35:57The cloud expanded
36:00until it reached the size of a cave.
36:03And then inflation came to an end.
36:06And all the energy of the ocean
36:09that was driving the expansion
36:12was poured into space
36:15and formed the ingredients
36:18of everything in our observable universe.
36:21I mean, imagine that a place of this size
36:24could form two billion galaxies.
36:27That is what we call the Big Bang.
36:39I mean, the Big Bang
36:42was not the explosion we always think of.
36:48In reality, it was a transformation
36:51of energy into matter.
36:59And the fossilized remains
37:02of those transcendental events,
37:05the memory of the wavy ocean of energy
37:08that propelled inflation,
37:11were imprinted in our universe.
37:14In fact, these fossilized waves
37:17shaped our universe.
37:20This is the place where each galaxy
37:23and each star would form,
37:26each planet and each moon.
37:31And how can we know all this?
37:37How do we know that there was a Big Bang?
37:41How do we know that there were waves
37:44in an ocean of energy before the Big Bang?
37:51The answer is...
37:547, 6, 5...
37:57We know because we have seen it.
38:207, 6, 5...
38:23We know because we have seen it.
38:267, 6, 5...
38:29We know because we have seen it.
38:327, 6, 5...
38:35We know because we have seen it.
38:387, 6, 5...
38:41We know because we have seen it.
38:447, 6, 5...
38:47We know because we have seen it.
38:53The Planck Space Telescope
38:56scanned the entire cosmos,
38:59searching for light.
39:11It did not search for the light of galaxies or stars.
39:17It searched for the light of the beginning of time.
39:48In this photograph we see a very distant past.
39:51It is the oldest light in the universe,
39:54a light that has traveled almost 13,800 million years
39:57to get to us.
40:00It is a photograph of the entire firmament,
40:03or the celestial sphere, if you prefer,
40:06in all the directions in which we can look.
40:09And we have flattened it to be able to see it completely.
40:12It is called microwave background radiation
40:16It is a universe without stars or galaxies.
40:19And the question is, if there are no stars or galaxies,
40:22where does that light come from?
40:25The answer is that it comes from the universe itself,
40:28since it belongs to a time,
40:31just a few hundred thousand years after the Big Bang.
40:34And at that time the universe was still hot.
40:37What we see here is the twilight glow of the Big Bang.
40:45The most revealing thing about this photograph is the detail.
41:08The variation.
41:15This pattern is one of the most important discoveries
41:18in the entire history of mankind,
41:21because it represents one of the necessary steps
41:24in the history of how we got here.
41:39This peaceful ocean,
41:42this peaceful ocean of energy
41:45that spurred the rapid expansion of space during inflation,
41:48could not be so peaceful.
41:51There had to be waves.
41:54It is a consequence of the laws of nature as we understand them.
42:04And those waves were imprinted in the universe
42:07through the Big Bang
42:10as areas with slightly different densities
42:13imprinted in a young universe.
42:18As the universe expanded and cooled,
42:21the densest regions collapsed
42:24to form the first stars and galaxies.
42:28Without those waves, we would not exist.
42:36But there is something even more extraordinary
42:39related to these waves.
42:42We predicted them before we knew they existed.
42:49And then we ventured into space to prove our theory.
42:55The image of the twilight after the Big Bang
42:58that the Planck telescope provided us with
43:01is a strong proof of the extravagant saga of creation.
43:04It is the story of that wave.
43:08The waves and inflation.
43:16These waves were the seeds of creation
43:19and we were able to guess their existence
43:22from our point of observation, a small planet,
43:2513,800 million years after the moment of creation.
43:30And then, because we are scientists,
43:33we decided to launch a spaceship
43:36to capture the oldest light in the universe.
43:40And we saw that our assumption was correct.
43:44We dared to imagine a time before the beginning of time
43:47that showed that the story of creation is not a myth.
43:59So this would be the story of creation
44:02told by science.
44:07At the beginning, there was an ocean of energy
44:10that caused the rapid expansion of space,
44:13called inflation.
44:17In that ocean, there were waves.
44:24At the end of inflation,
44:27the ocean of energy became matter
44:30during the Big Bang.
44:37And the pattern of the waves
44:40was imprinted in our universe,
44:43like regions with slight differences
44:46in the density of hydrogen and helium gas
44:49that formed after the Big Bang.
45:07The regions with the densest gas
45:10collapsed
45:13and formed the first stars.
45:36And the first galaxies.
45:42And 9,000 million years later,
45:48a new star was born on the Milky Way.
45:53The Sun.
45:57The Earth.
46:03Eight planets were joined to the star,
46:08including the Earth.
46:17And almost 13,800 million years later,
46:20from that beginning,
46:23we emerged,
46:26flickering towards the light.
46:54To see the Earth as it really is,
46:57small, blue and beautiful
47:00in that eternal silence in which it floats,
47:03is to see riders riding on the Earth,
47:06together as brothers in the eternal cold.
47:09Brothers who now know
47:12that they are truly brothers.
47:24We all have moments of amazement.
47:27We all dream.
47:31Our thoughts float freely
47:34as they rise above the Earth
47:37towards a star dozen.
47:42In our most reflective moments,
47:45we all understand that we are connected
47:48to the universe, no matter how small we are.
47:53We are nothing more than a set of simple atoms,
47:57but atoms arranged in an extraordinary way,
48:03with an eagerness to explore the universe
48:06to understand it
48:14and to celebrate our own place
48:17in this great cosmic saga.
48:24To follow this saga towards the past
48:27is to peregrinate to a previous time,
48:32to the beginning of time
48:40and to strange waves that existed
48:43in a universe prior to ours.
48:53I think we all should ask ourselves
48:56about the meaning of all this.
48:59What does it mean to be human?
49:02Why do we exist?
49:05Why does everything around us exist?
49:08These do not sound like scientific questions,
49:11they might seem like questions
49:14for philosophy or theology,
49:17but I think they are scientific questions
49:20because they are questions about nature,
49:23they are questions about the universe.
49:26And the way to understand the universe
49:29is to observe it.
49:32Observing the oldest light in the universe,
49:35we have seen waves caused by events
49:38that occurred before the Big Bang.
49:41We have seen millions of galaxies written in the sky
49:44in a gigantic cosmic network.
49:47But for me there is a very clear lesson.
49:50It is impossible to answer these questions
49:53so deeply being introverted,
49:56looking inwards.
49:59We will answer them by looking up
50:02at the horizon and observing the universe
50:05that is beyond the stars.
50:08We used to look at the sky and only see questions.
50:11Now we have started to see answers.
50:17Hubblecast is produced by ESA and the European Space Agency
50:20The Hubble mission is a project of international cooperation
50:23between NASA and the European Space Agency
50:26Transcription by ESO, translated by —
50:47It is the most famous and for a good reason.
50:50It was the first time that we were able to launch
50:53such a powerful optical telescope into space.
50:56The Earth's atmosphere
50:59blurs out what we observe
51:02but by placing a telescope in space
51:05we get precise, crystal clear images
51:08of the universe.
51:113, 2, 1, and lift off
51:14Spacecraft Discovery takes off
51:17with the Hubble Space Telescope, our window to the universe.
51:20The feeling when the spacecraft takes off
51:23with that sound and those vibrations
51:26is just extraordinarily inspiring.
51:33The solid fuel propellers have already completed their mission.
51:36OK, Charlie.
51:39OK, everything is ready but it will take one more minute.
51:45Hubblecast is produced by ESA and the European Space Agency
51:48Transcription by —
51:51It is the most famous and for a good reason.
51:54It was the first time that we were able to launch
51:57such a powerful optical telescope into space.
52:00The Earth's atmosphere
52:03blurs out what we observe
52:06but by placing a telescope in space
52:09we get precise, crystal clear images
52:12of the universe.
52:15Technicians have discovered that the great telescope
52:18has a distorted mirror
52:21which means that the images it sends are distorted.
52:24We had a mirror
52:27that was made with great precision
52:30but it was made with great precision
52:33in the wrong way.
52:36For the first three years of Hubble's life
52:39it didn't give us the wonderful images
52:42that we expected.
52:45The solution was the same
52:48as when I was a little girl
52:51and I couldn't read the blackboard in school.
52:54The solution was to add to the telescope
52:57an optical corrector,
53:00something very similar to glasses.
53:03Five, four, three, two, one.
53:07Take-off.
53:10Take-off of the space carrier Endeavour
53:13on an ambitious mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope.
53:16Being able to place that optical device
53:19with a possible precision error of less than one millimetre
53:22was something extraordinary.
53:25It's even difficult to do it on land and without gloves.
53:28The Endeavour has been correctly attached to Mr. Hubble's telescope.
53:31Received.
53:34The President and I would like to congratulate you
53:37on one of the most spectacular space missions in our history.
53:43And when Hubble opened its eyes
53:46after the repair,
53:49the images that we got
53:52changed forever the way we understand
53:55and visualise the universe in which we live.
53:59Hey!
54:02The images are spectacular.
54:05The problem with Hubble is over.
54:12It's really hard to remember
54:15what we had before the Hubble Space Telescope.
54:18We've got used to these extraordinary photographs
54:21of what's close, what's far and what's very, very far away.
54:29I think every time I look at an image of Hubble,
54:32I feel marvellous.
54:35I was the girl who had the Hubble photos in her locker.
54:43Anybody, whether they have a heart of an astronomer
54:46or a soul of a poet,
54:49will look at the Hubble images
54:52and see everything that's in them
54:55and they will remember.
55:06Hubble has not only done what we expected
55:09and what we wanted it to do,
55:12but it has actually done a lot of things
55:15that nobody dared to dream of.
55:20One of the biggest discoveries
55:23of the Hubble Space Telescope
55:26is that not only is our universe getting bigger,
55:29but it's expanding and stretching faster and faster.
55:33The universe is going to keep expanding
55:36and we imagine that it's going to be so big
55:39that all the galaxies will disappear from our sight.
55:42They'll be so far away from us
55:45and they'll move so fast that we won't be able to see the light they emit.
55:48That's a very real possibility
55:51that's going to happen in the future.
55:55We still don't know what's driving this new phase of accelerated expansion
55:58and we're building new tools
56:01to improve that research.
56:04The Hubble Space Telescope,
56:07which was a technological marvel of its time,
56:10is very far from what we can build today.
56:16So it's going to be completely surpassed
56:19by the new Spanish Space Telescope,
56:22which is going to be the first of its kind.
56:25It's going to be the first of its kind.
56:28It's going to be the first of its kind.
56:31It's going to be completely surpassed
56:34by the new James Webb Space Telescope
56:37which will allow us to see the universe in more depth.
56:43It's going to give us some inescapable details.
56:46We can use some of the very dense and turbid clouds
56:49to observe stars during their formation process
56:52and we'll use it to look much further back in time.
56:55We'll use it to look much further back in time.
56:58to look much further back in time.
57:03The story that is going to develop
57:05over the next three or four years
57:07is going to be very exciting.
57:21The Havel is the king
57:23because it is still a great observatory
57:25compared to what we used to have in space.
57:28It is a unique instrument
57:30for making discoveries
57:32that would have been impossible with another telescope.
57:39When you think of an image of space,
57:42you actually think of an image of the Havel.
57:55NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory
57:58California Institute of Technology