Siete mundos, un planeta. Antártida - Documental
La Antártida es el continente más hostil del planeta. Muy pocas especies han logrado prosperar en estos paisajes de hielo. La foca de Weddell, la estrella de mar, el albatros, el pingüino rey o el elefante marino son algunos de los supervivientes.
¡Bienvenido a nuestra página web dedicada al apasionante mundo del documental! Sumérgete en un universo de historias reales, descubre la verdad oculta tras los hechos y explora diferentes culturas y realidades a través de nuestros documentales cuidadosamente seleccionados. #Documental
¡Bienvenido a nuestra página web dedicada al apasionante mundo del documental! Sumérgete en un universo de historias reales, descubre la verdad oculta tras los hechos y explora diferentes culturas y realidades a través de nuestros documentales cuidadosamente seleccionados. #Documental
Transcript
00:00200 million years ago, our planet was very different from how we see it today.
00:27It was completely covered by the sea, which surrounded a single supercontinent that we call Pangea.
00:35And Pangea began to divide.
00:40Life began to drift along the resulting fragments.
00:46And those fragments became the seven continents.
00:53We will see how life developed in each continent, creating the wonderful and extraordinary diversity that we see today.
01:04We will venture into the cold natural life of Antarctica, where life surpasses all adversities.
01:14And into the wonders of South America, where the unexpected abounds.
01:24From the wildest areas of Africa to the vast extensions of North America and the scorching heat of Australia.
01:38We will explore the most remote borders of Asia, home to barely known creatures.
01:48And Europe, a world transformed by the human being.
01:57We will discover why we are in the most critical time for life on Earth, since the formation of the continents.
02:07We are changing the world so rapidly that wild life faces the greatest challenges of its history.
02:18There has never been such an important moment to show the valuable diversity of life on our seven continents.
02:48This is Siete Mundos, Un Planeta.
03:19Of all the continents, there is one that humans saw for the first time just 200 years ago.
03:31And we are beginning to understand what it takes to survive on it.
03:38It is the most hostile of all.
03:4898% of the Antarctic continent, a surface that exceeds 50% the size of the United States, is covered by ice.
03:58And it is practically impossible to live on it.
04:08So life depends on the ocean that surrounds it.
04:18But the ocean also freezes.
04:28There is only one animal that can live so far south.
04:38Weddell's seal.
04:44It has to keep a hole open to breathe, and it does so by crushing the ice with its teeth.
04:54In this frozen sea, all these seals are kept safe from the predators that inhabit the open sea.
05:04This is the safest place to give birth.
05:14Abandoning the heat of the mother's womb and falling on the ice
05:21is the greatest change in temperature that an animal can face.
05:31But the calf will not be able to swim for the first ten days of its life.
05:41It is trapped in the ice.
05:51The mother protects her calf from the wind.
06:01Even if it is spring, the temperature drops to 40 degrees below zero.
06:11And the blizzards can last several days.
06:41Three days have passed, and the storm continues to hit.
06:51The mother faces the hardest of decisions.
07:01Will she stay with her calf?
07:09Or will she take refuge underwater?
07:19Now, the only chance for the calf to survive is for the storm to end soon.
07:49Some calves do not make it.
08:19There is an answer.
08:36If this calf manages to submerge in the water with its mother, it will be safe from future storms.
08:49The temperature is 2 degrees below zero,
08:59but the water is warmer than the icy surface hit by the wind.
09:09The waves are very high.
09:19There are few animals strong enough to live so far south all year long.
09:30Beyond the pole, on the edge of the continent, there are islands that are not covered in ice.
09:42Here, they face other challenges.
09:51The bay of San Andrés, in South Georgia, welcomes half a million king penguins.
10:01In spring, the calves stay alone for several days,
10:09while their parents are far away, gathering food for them.
10:15The situation is very simple.
10:18The calves must stay exactly where their parents leave them, so that they can find them when they return.
10:34But this one has decided to explore a little.
10:45There are many things to investigate.
11:15But it should not be far from the meeting point.
11:25This father has returned with food in his pouch.
11:35But his calf is not where he left it.
11:45It is difficult to stay still when there is so much to play with.
11:56Here, too, there are sea elephants.
12:03A mystery to discover.
12:26It will be difficult to find him among so many calves.
12:36They recognize each other by their call.
12:43But to be heard in the middle of such a noisy colony, they have to be less than 15 meters away.
13:23At last, they are together.
13:36The beach of San Andrés is one of the most populated beaches on the planet.
13:41Controlling a territory here is a constant battle.
13:49This male sea elephant has the right to mate over 60 females.
13:59He has been defending this stretch of beach for two months.
14:04Unable to get food, he is losing 10 kilos a day, and he is exhausted.
14:14And there are other males prowling around him, waiting for a chance.
15:15His 15-centimeter-thick layer of fat protects them from the cold,
15:21but not from the impact of an opponent weighing four tons.
15:30The male sea elephant is not afraid of the cold.
15:37He is not afraid of the cold.
15:44He is not afraid of the cold.
15:51He is not afraid of the cold.
15:59He is not afraid of the cold.
16:07He is not afraid of the cold.
16:15He is not afraid of the cold.
16:23But all these creatures come here because the Antarctic Ocean is one of the richest on the planet.
16:32Thirty million years ago, when the continent parted from South America,
16:37and traveled to the south, the currents began to turn around it.
16:46They are the strongest currents on the planet.
16:58They drag nutrients from the depths to the surface,
17:03to create one of the places with the most food in all the oceans.
17:11And some creatures come here to have a feast of the most sophisticated.
17:22Swallowed whales.
17:28We are in summer, and they come here to have a feast.
17:51These cold waters contain huge amounts of krill.
17:57It is estimated that there are about 400 billion of them,
18:03and their total weight is higher than that of any other animal species on the planet.
18:11To capture it, the whales generate curtains of bubbles that the krill cannot pass through.
18:24At that moment, the whales rise to the surface,
18:29generating an enormous amount of krill.
18:36At that moment, the whales rise to the surface,
18:40generating a whirlpool that concentrates their prey.
18:55Summer in Antarctica is a season of abundance,
18:59and swallowed whales can increase their reserves for the rest of the year.
19:07But wildlife in these waters faces an uncertain future.
19:16The Antarctic Ocean is heating up.
19:2290% of the world's ice is found in Antarctica,
19:27and in some areas, the rate at which it melts doubles every decade.
19:34The sea level is rising, but there is a more immediate threat.
19:42The warming of the coldest region of the Earth
19:48The warming of the coldest region of the Earth
19:51is having a great effect on the meteorological patterns of the planet,
19:56and this climate change is already evident here.
20:06This calf of grey-headed albatross is four weeks old.
20:12Until now, his parents have protected him from the storms,
20:17and now it's his turn to get food from the sea.
20:26It's the only calf they'll have in two years.
20:32The delicate touch of its beaks strengthens its bond.
21:02But the tenderness of these moments will not last forever.
21:11The calf's appetite increases with its growth,
21:15so one of its parents has to go out for food before the other returns.
21:24Saying goodbye is very hard, and they take their time.
21:33The calf is still a baby,
21:37but it's time to say goodbye to its mother,
21:41and it's time to say goodbye to its father, too.
21:48The calf is still a baby,
21:52but it's time to say goodbye to its mother, too.
21:58For the first time in its life, this calf is alone.
22:12Antarctica is the windiest continent,
22:17and in recent years, climate change has generated
22:23stronger and more frequent storms.
22:39Winds usually reach 100 km per hour.
22:44But albatross chicks have to stay in their nests.
23:15The wind is getting stronger,
23:20and it's time to say goodbye.
23:29The wind is getting stronger,
23:34and it's time to say goodbye.
23:44Surviving the storm is one thing,
23:49but outside the nest, with these freezing temperatures,
23:54this little one has only a few hours left to live.
24:00These brutal conditions have come at a high price.
24:06Some chicks have succumbed to the storm.
24:12The bond is so strong,
24:17that it's hard for the parents to accept it.
24:34The wind is getting stronger,
24:39and it's hard for the parents to accept it.
24:45In the last 15 years,
24:50the albatross population has decreased by less than half.
24:55They're facing extinction.
25:00They can't adapt to the rhythm of changes that affect their world.
25:09The Albatross
25:27Other parents return to the colony.
25:40But something's not right.
25:45The nest shouldn't be empty.
25:59The chick is right there,
26:04but the father doesn't recognize him.
26:17He ignores him.
26:24It's strange,
26:29because he can't see, hear, or smell them.
26:34They can identify him if they find him in their nest.
26:41So, these violent storms have created a problem
26:46that the albatrosses can't solve.
26:52To survive,
26:57the chick will have to return to the nest by itself.
27:21The Albatross
27:51The chick has done it.
27:54The bond is restored immediately,
27:57and its parent begins to provide it again
28:00with the warmth it desperately needs.
28:03The chick is ready to go back to the nest,
28:06but the mother is not.
28:09The chick is not ready to go back to the nest,
28:12but the mother is not ready to go back to the nest,
28:15but the mother is not ready to go back to the nest,
28:18but the mother is not ready to go back to the nest.
28:24She is safe, for now.
28:48In no place in Antarctica is it easy to survive.
28:54The Papua penguins travel up to 80 km a day to find food.
29:00And now they are returning with their young.
29:04They are the fastest penguins in the sea and they reach 35 km per hour.
29:13But there are other animals that are much faster.
29:18The orca.
29:42This penguin depends on its agility.
29:48It can swim,
29:51swim,
29:53swim,
29:55swim,
29:57swim,
29:59swim,
30:01swim,
30:03swim,
30:05swim,
30:07swim,
30:09swim,
30:11swim,
30:13swim,
30:15swim,
30:16swim,
30:18swim,
30:20swim,
30:22swim,
30:24swim,
30:26swim,
30:28swim,
30:30swim,
30:32swim,
30:34swim,
30:36swim,
30:38swim,
30:40swim,
30:42swim.
30:46swim,
30:48swim,
30:50swim,
30:52swim,
30:54swim,
30:56swim,
30:58swim,
31:00swim,
31:02swim,
31:04swim.
31:06With four orcas chasing it, the penguin had little chance.
31:16Most of the Papuan penguins have managed to return to the colony.
31:47Today's crill captures have been good.
31:54Perhaps too good.
31:59The chicks are growing and it seems that the Mohican style is once again in fashion.
32:07It's only a phase, it will surpass it when it grows.
32:12Soon it will lose the feather that remains and will be ready to leave the colony and get food for itself.
32:21But it's getting more and more difficult because of the climate change.
32:32The glaciers in the area are breaking down at the fastest speed observed since there is a record.
32:41And these remains of ice fill the bays.
32:57It's autumn.
33:02The chicks have lost their feathers and are hungry.
33:06They have to go to the sea for the first time.
33:13But they run the risk of being crushed between the blocks of ice.
33:24They have to get to some distant icebergs.
33:30To reach the sea, they have to cross the ice.
33:36To reach the open waters that are behind them.
33:42To do it is more difficult than to say it.
33:55A leopard seal.
33:59Its main predator.
34:02It is a three-meter-long giant.
34:08The state of the ice helps it to hunt.
34:20The penguins can neither walk nor swim.
34:32They have no way of knowing where the leopard seal will attack.
35:03They are an easy prey.
35:21Some of them retreat.
35:25Some of them retreat.
35:56But now they have to start over.
36:03The only alternative is to take the risk again.
36:26The seal seems to be playing with the penguins.
36:31But the penguins are not afraid of the seal.
36:36They are not afraid of the leopard seal.
36:41They are afraid of the leopard seal.
36:46They are afraid of the leopard seal.
36:51The seal seems to be playing with this penguin.
36:58But salvation is within sight.
37:20The iceberg is close to the open sea.
37:26But the penguin is exhausted.
37:50The iceberg is close to the open sea.
37:55But the penguin is exhausted.
38:01The iceberg is close to the open sea.
38:09Maybe it's not worth it.
38:20Maybe it's not worth it.
38:38Winter is coming.
38:44Antarctica is beginning a great transformation.
38:50Every day, more than 100,000 square meters of water are frozen.
38:58At the end of winter, the continent has doubled in size.
39:05This is, by contrast, the largest desert in the world.
39:21But the frozen surface of the sea hides a great secret.
39:34Life is hostile on the ice.
39:39But below, the conditions are so stable that life has been able to diversify for thousands of years.
39:45Here, the creatures reach a great size.
39:51These nemertian worms are three meters long.
39:56We have just begun to discover the details of the life of these strange creatures.
40:01The nudibranchios are hermaphrodites.
40:07They live in the depths of the ocean.
40:13They live in the depths of the ocean.
40:19They live in the depths of the ocean.
40:25The nudibranchios are hermaphrodites.
40:31Each individual has male and female reproductive organs.
40:37So, to mate, a nudibranchio just needs to find another nudibranchio.
40:43And that seems easy.
40:47But it becomes a great challenge when their little eyes can barely see.
40:54Some have been lucky.
41:15They fertilize each other, and both will have offspring.
41:25When finding a mate is so difficult,
41:31it is worth not having to worry about your sex.
41:43The sea anemones may look like plants, but they are animals,
41:48and they feed on edible particles that drift and reach their tentacles.
41:57But being anchored to the seabed makes them very vulnerable to predators.
42:06A sea anemone, which is almost one meter long, goes in search of food.
42:18The sea anemone perceives that there is a prey.
42:49But in reality, it is the sea anemones that have caught the monster.
43:07A strange feast for these motionless predators.
43:12They take four days to devour their prey.
43:32Life under the ice has not changed for millennia.
43:38But in the last 200 years, the wild life of Antarctica faces new predators.
43:50Humans.
43:55We have conceived new techniques for hunting,
43:58and we have used them mercilessly,
44:01until we almost exterminated the great whales.
44:06These whale stations in South Georgia were the nucleus of this industry.
44:23More than one and a half million whales were massacred in the waters of Antarctica.
44:29They extracted the fat from their enormous bodies,
44:34and boiled it in tanks to make margarine and soap.
44:42And the largest animal ever found, a 33 meter long blue whale,
44:47perhaps more than 100 years old,
44:51was dismembered on this ramp in just two hours.
44:58This merciless slaughter marked the lowest level in our relationship with the natural world.
45:29Austral Franca whale
45:42The Austral Franca whale was the most punished.
45:50They were so trusted and curious that they swam alongside the whaling boats.
45:58That is why whale hunters began to call them Francas.
46:03They were the easiest to hunt.
46:14Mothers with their young were the first to be hunted.
46:21To give birth, the females always went to the same bays, the most protected,
46:27and did not allow their young to go out alone to the surface.
46:32In a few decades, an initial population of 35,000
46:37was so small that only 35 females survived.
46:45But times have changed.
46:48The prohibition of commercial whale hunting, established in 1986,
46:53affected all countries except Japan, Norway and Iceland.
47:02Our relationship with these impressive creatures has changed radically.
47:11Scientists are learning a lot about these whales.
47:17But we still do not know how many years they live.
47:25It is believed that some of the current specimens
47:28already lived in the time of the great slaughters.
47:32But these whales weighing 60 tons
47:35continue to be kind and curious to humans.
47:47By stopping commercial hunting,
47:50this population of whales has grown to more than 2,000.
48:17The recovery of life in the waters of Antarctica
48:21has an importance that goes beyond the limits of the continent
48:26and affects us all.
48:33Near the coast of Elephant Island,
48:36we have recently witnessed the most spectacular feast on earth.
48:47On the horizon, we can see more than 150 whales
48:51gathered to eat krill.
49:03It is the largest concentration of whales filmed so far.
49:17These whales are mostly rorquals, up to 26 meters long.
49:24In comparison, humpback whales look like dwarfs.
49:32Thousands of animals from Antarctica are arriving here.
49:47These waters once again show themselves overflowing with life.
49:57And scientists have discovered that the ocean and the life it contains
50:03absorb twice as much carbon from the atmosphere as the Amazon jungle.
50:17Protecting Antarctica, we not only protect the life that inhabits it,
50:23we help restore the natural balance of the entire planet.
50:47St. Andrew's Bay
50:59St. Andrew's Bay provides one of the most spectacular sights
51:03in the whole of the Antarctic.
51:05But to get there, the team will have to cross the roughest seas in the world,
51:10and nerves are starting to show.
51:13The wind is picking up already.
51:18It'll take 10 days at sea to reach this remote location.
51:23And it's not long before they start to feel a bit green.
51:31There's some big waves coming now.
51:33With these conditions lasting days, all who can take shifts at the helm.
51:40And you get given a talk to say,
51:42if you fall in the water here, there's nothing anyone can do.
51:45They can't save you.
51:47It's so cold, you'll die in under a couple of minutes.
51:51Wow.
51:57Below deck, Rolf hasn't yet found his sea legs.
52:05For me, this is like punishment or prisonership or whatever.
52:08I mean, I can't understand at all how people do this voluntarily.
52:12People dream of being on a boat or sailing or anything.
52:16Look at that. I mean, how much the boat is moving.
52:19I feel like in a washing machine.
52:22The island of South Georgia finally appears.
52:30It's a relief to step onto solid land.
52:38Yeah, the seasickness is already forgotten, to be honest.
52:41But it's all forgotten.
52:44It's just out of this world.
52:47It's so wonderful that these places still exist.
52:55They will spend the next three weeks in St. Andrew's Bay.
53:01Rolf is here to film the king penguins in this enormous colony.
53:07And Mark must capture the elephant seals in tense mating season.
53:16On such a crowded beach, fights can break out anywhere.
53:25Males are up to six meters long, and they are pumped full of testosterone.
53:32The bulls take little notice of the crew and will stop at nothing.
53:37Oh, my God.
54:02They went from nothing to being nearly steamrolled by four huge males.
54:14Beyond the chaos of the beach, Rolf has king penguins in front of him,
54:19and thankfully, he's smiling again.
54:22I would really call them the gentleman penguins,
54:25because they are very polite, they're charming, they have humor.
54:29There are so many funny, lovely moments.
54:32I absolutely adore the penguins for that.
54:36But as weeks go by, the reality of living amongst penguins comes to the fore.
54:44Every morning, I think, wow, it's stinky.
54:48But then I realize these smells come out of my suit, and it's myself.
54:56Back on the beach, the team is using a stabilized camera rig.
55:02They can now react faster to fights.
55:06So far on the shoot, we've seen a lot of quick fights,
55:09but we haven't seen some extended fights where you see
55:13one bull paired equally against another bull.
55:18These fights are rare. The team will need to be at the ready.
55:22Mark, Mark, Mark.
55:24Let's get running.
55:31Oh, hello.
55:34These are two huge, evenly matched boys.
55:37Wow, and a big guy.
55:39Oh, he's a big guy.
55:41A big guy.
55:43Oh, I'm sorry.
55:45Oh, I'm sorry.
55:47Oh, I'm sorry.
55:51I'm sorry.
55:52I'm sorry, I'm sorry.
55:53I'm sorry.
55:55I'm sorry.
55:57I'm sorry.
55:59I'm sorry.
56:01I know. Wow, I never thought we'd be this close to it.
56:04I know, nor did I. This is really tense, we've just got to watch out.
56:13Look out there.
56:18I never thought I'd see it that close.
56:21And be able to move around it as this kind of aggressive ballet is happening.
56:27And it does make you quite tense.
56:31The shoot is going well, but the crew are noticing worrying signs.
56:38It's a really hot day today.
56:4230 years ago, the front of that glacier was right down on the beach.
56:48It's retreated a huge amount.
56:50It's retreated a huge amount.
56:53I don't really know what climate change is going to mean for all the wildlife that's living here.
57:00Parts of the Antarctic are warming five times faster than the rest of the world.
57:07If this trend continues, it will threaten the very existence of these polar creatures.
57:14On the last day of filming, the team can't help but reflect on the future of the wildlife here.
57:21For me it's emotional, because I know this might have been a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
57:28I will definitely take big memories with me and I will be sad.
57:34It's a really special place, you know.
57:36So, I don't know.
57:44I just hope we can keep these places and protect them.
57:51Next time, the largest continent on Earth.
57:58A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals live.
58:05A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals live.
58:11A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals live.
58:16A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals roam the land.
58:30Asia.
58:46A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals roam the land.
58:51A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals roam the land.
58:56A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals roam the land.
59:00A world of extremes, where rarely seen animals roam the land.